A minimally invasive transvertebral drilling and bone harvesting integrated device

Abstract

The present invention discloses an integrated device for minimally invasive transvertebral drilling and bone removal, which relates to the technical field of medical devices. The key points of the technical solution are as follows: an annular groove and a rotating cavity are arranged on the inner wall of the tube body, a driven gear is arranged in the annular groove, and a driving gear meshing with the driven gear is rotatably connected to the rotating cavity; a spiral-shaped inner cutting blade is arranged on the inner side of the driven gear, and the acute angle point of the inner cutting blade is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the driven gear through a rotating shaft, a sliding hole is penetrated through the inner cutting blade, and a limiting rod inserted into the sliding hole is fixedly connected to the annular groove; a mounting hole is arranged on the inner wall of the tube body, and a rotating rod fixed to the driving gear is movably connected in the mounting hole, and a knob connected to the rotating rod is arranged at the rear end of the tube body. The present invention realizes that a single instrument can complete the process of minimally invasive cervical vertebral body drilling, bone removal and establishment of a bone channel, and the operation process is simple, which can shorten the operation time and control the operation risk; at the same time, the bone strips obtained by drilling can be used for bone grafting in the bone channel, which simplifies the subsequent operation process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and more specifically, to a minimally invasive transvertebral drilling and bone harvesting integrated device. Background Art

[0002] Cervical disc herniation is a common disease. The main reason is that on the basis of the pathological degeneration of the intervertebral disc, the outer fibrous ring of the intervertebral disc further ruptures, and the nucleus pulposus tissue protrudes (or herniates) and compresses the spinal nerve roots or spinal cord, resulting in clinical symptoms of neck pain, numbness and weakness of the limbs, and even paralysis.

[0003] The fully endoscopic anterior approach through the vertebral body bone channel technique is a new method for treating cervical disc herniation. How to establish a bone channel in the cervical vertebral body directly to the lesion behind the vertebral body through minimally invasive percutaneous means is an important step in this technique. Figure 1 During the operation, the two-finger method is used to push away important tissues such as blood vessels, trachea, and esophagus in the front of the neck and establish a safe operating area. The Kirschner wire is inserted for positioning and the C-arm is used to ensure the correct position of the puncture needle. Then, the dilator and working channel are inserted step by step for dilation. Then, a ring saw is inserted into the dilation channel, and the ring saw is slowly rotated until the tip reaches the posterior edge of the vertebral body. Finally, the separated and broken bone strips are removed by operating the ring saw.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned method of separating the fractured bone strips in the annulus is mainly achieved by deflecting and shaking the annulus in multiple directions, which has high surgical operation risks and a low success rate. If the fractured bone strips in the annulus cannot be successfully separated, the bone strips need to be removed with a rongeur or a high-speed drill under direct vision with the help of an endoscopic system during the operation, which makes the operation process complicated, prolongs the operation time, and also increases the surgical risk. Therefore, how to research and design a minimally invasive transvertebral drilling and bone removal integrated device is a problem that we urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem that the existing trephine drill is difficult to operate when drilling, taking bone and establishing a bone channel, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a minimally invasive transvertebral drilling and bone taking integrated device.

[0006] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: a minimally invasive transvertebral drilling and bone removal integrated device, comprising a tube body and a ring drill tooth arranged at the front end of the tube body, the inner wall of the front end of the tube body is provided with an annular groove and a rotating cavity connected to the annular groove, a driven gear is provided in the annular groove, and the rotating cavity is rotatably connected to a driving gear meshing with the driven gear; a plurality of inner cutting blades are provided on the inner side of the driven gear and are evenly distributed in a spiral shape along the circumferential direction of the annular groove, the acute angle points of the inner cutting blades are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the driven gear through a rotating shaft, the inner cutting blades are penetrated by sliding holes, and the annular groove is fixedly connected to a limiting rod inserted into the sliding hole; a mounting hole is provided on the inner wall of the tube body along its own axial direction, a rotating rod coaxially fixed to the driving gear is movably connected in the mounting hole, and a knob connected to the rotating rod is provided at the rear end of the tube body.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, after the tube body is drilled into the predetermined position by the ring drill teeth and the separated bone is formed inside the tube body, the rotating rod is rotated so that the active gear drives the driven gear to rotate; when the driven gear rotates, the inner cutting blade rotates relative to the driven gear around the rotating axis, and at the same time, the limiting rod slides relatively in the sliding hole, so that after the inner cutting blade changes direction, the sharp angle point away from the rotating axis rotates out of the annular groove, and forms a ring cutting tooth that cuts the separated bone in a plane; the tube body is rotated while maintaining the current depth, so that the ring cutting tooth performs a ring cutting around the separated bone, and the rotating rod can be rotated as needed to flexibly adjust the degree of ring cutting or further adjust the degree of ring cutting for in-depth resection, so that a single instrument can complete the process of minimally invasive cervical vertebral body drilling, bone removal and bone channel establishment, the operation process is simple, the operation time can be shortened, and the surgical risk can be controlled; at the same time, the bone strips obtained by drilling can be used for bone grafting in the bone channel, simplifying the subsequent operation process.

[0008] The present invention is further configured as follows: the inner cutting edge is a quadrilateral blade, and a blade surface is provided on the side of the inner cutting edge away from the driven gear; when multiple inner cutting edges are completely placed in the annular groove, adjacent blade surfaces contact each other and enclose to form a seamless circular ring.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the quadrilateral blade ensures that the tube body will not generate large friction with the outer wall of the separated bone when drilling, and at the same time prevents bone debris from being embedded and affecting the opening of the inner cutting blade.

[0010] The present invention is further configured as follows: the opposite sides between adjacent inner cutting edges are uniformly arc-shaped side edges.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the arc-shaped side allows the inner cutting edge to be rotated out, making it convenient for adjacent inner cutting edges to slide relative to each other.

[0012] The present invention is further configured such that a deformation gap is reserved on the arc-shaped side of the inner cutting edge close to the rotation axis of the adjacent inner cutting edge.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the deformed gap facilitates the inner cutting blade to be rotated out and opened, thereby reducing the mutual squeezing friction and extending the service life of the instrument.

[0014] The present invention is further configured such that the transmission ratio between the driving gear and the driven gear is 9-36:1.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the rotation accuracy of the inner cutting edge can be accurately adjusted by the knob.

[0016] The present invention is further configured as follows: an annular rolling groove is provided on the opposite surfaces of the driven gear and the annular groove, a plurality of balls are embedded between the annular rolling grooves of the driven gear and the annular groove, and the plurality of balls are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular rolling groove.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the ball and the annular rolling groove cooperate with each other, so that the driven gear rotates relative to the annular groove, thereby enhancing the stability of the driven gear in use.

[0018] The present invention is further configured such that the distance between the inner cutting edge and the trephine tooth along the axis of the tube body is 0.2-0.5 cm.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, it can be suitable for most patients and is convenient for circumcision of the separated bone roots.

[0020] The present invention is further configured as follows: the tail end of the tube body is provided with scale lines distributed along the circumferential direction of the knob, and the scale lines are used to display the width of the annular cutting teeth formed by the inner cutting blade extending into the interior of the tube body.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the scale line can intuitively display the degree of rotation of the inner cutting edge, providing a reference for knob adjustment.

[0022] The present invention is further configured as follows: a limiting prism, a connecting rod, and a sliding prism are coaxially arranged in sequence on one side of the knob; a limiting prism groove is provided on the end face of the tube body for the limiting prism to be inserted into, and the limiting prism groove is connected to the mounting hole through a first plug hole; a sliding prism groove is provided inside the rotating rod for the sliding prism to move, and a second plug hole connected to the sliding groove is provided on the end face of the rotating rod; the connecting rod is movably plugged into the first plug hole and the second plug hole in sequence.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, when the rotating rod needs to be rotated, the knob is pulled out so that the limiting prism and the limiting prism groove are out of the plug-in state; when the rotating tube body is used to perform circumcision on the separated bone, the knob is pressed down so that the limiting prism and the limiting prism groove are plugged in, thereby limiting the self-rotation of the rotating rod.

[0024] The present invention is further configured such that: the surface of the knob is provided with anti-slip strips evenly distributed along its circumferential direction.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution and using the anti-slip strip, the knob can be easily rotated.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the degree of circular cutting can be flexibly adjusted by rotating the rotating rod as needed, or the degree of circular cutting can be further adjusted to perform in-depth resection. The present invention enables a single instrument to complete the process of minimally invasive intra-cervical vertebral drilling, bone removal and bone channel establishment. The operation process is simple, which can shorten the operation time and control the surgical risks. At the same time, the bone strips obtained by drilling can be used for bone grafting in the bone channel, simplifying the subsequent operation process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the prior art of drilling with a trephine, removing bones and establishing a bone channel;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle;

[0031] Figure 4 is a distribution diagram of the closed state of the inner cutting edge in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0033] Figure 6 is a distribution diagram of the opening state of the inner cutting edge in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the knob and the rotating rod in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 101, tube body; 102, ring drill tooth; 103, scale line; 104, annular groove; 105, rotating cavity; 106, limiting prism; 107, first plug hole; 108, mounting hole; 201, knob; 202, limiting prism; 203, connecting rod; 204, sliding prism; 205, anti-slip strip; 301, driven gear; 302, annular rolling groove; 303, ball; 304, inner cutting edge; 305, sliding hole; 306, limiting rod; 307, deformation gap; 308, rotating shaft; 309, blade surface; 401, driving gear; 402, rotating rod; 403, second plug hole; 404, sliding prism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the following is a summary of the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention. Figure 1-7 The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or indirectly on the other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other component.

[0038] It should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by terms such as "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0039] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0040] Embodiment: A minimally invasive transvertebral drilling and bone harvesting integrated device, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7As shown, it includes a tube body 101 and a trephine tooth 102 arranged at the front end of the tube body 101, an annular groove 104 and a rotating cavity 105 connected to the annular groove 104 are arranged on the inner wall of the front end of the tube body 101, a driven gear 301 is arranged in the annular groove 104, and a driving gear 401 meshing with the driven gear 301 is rotatably connected to the rotating cavity 105; a plurality of inner cutting edges 304 are evenly distributed in a spiral shape along the circumferential direction of the annular groove 104, The acute angle point of the inner cutting edge 304 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the driven gear 301 through a rotating shaft 308. The inner cutting edge 304 is provided with a sliding hole 305. The annular groove 104 is fixedly connected with a limiting rod 306 inserted into the sliding hole 305. The inner wall of the tube body 101 is provided with a mounting hole 108 arranged along the axis direction of the tube body 101. The mounting hole 108 is movably connected with a rotating rod 402 coaxially fixed with the driving gear 401. The rear end of the tube body 101 is provided with a knob 201 connected with the rotating rod 402. It should be noted that at the position where the inner cutting edge 304 is distributed, the tube body 101 can be set as a detachable structure, which is convenient for the internal instruments to be disinfected after the tube body 101 is disassembled.

[0041] like Figure 4-6 As shown, after the tube body 101 is drilled into the predetermined position by the trepanation teeth 102 and the separated bone is formed inside the tube body 101, the rotating rod 402 is rotated so that the driving gear 401 drives the driven gear 301 to rotate; when the driven gear 301 rotates, the inner cutting edge 304 rotates relative to the driven gear 301 around the rotating shaft 308, and at the same time, the limiting rod 306 slides relatively in the sliding hole 305, so that after the inner cutting edge 304 changes direction, its acute angle point away from the rotating shaft 308 rotates out of the annular groove 104 and forms a The tube body 101 is rotated to form a circular cutting tooth for cutting the separated bone in a plane; the current depth is maintained and the circular cutting tooth is rotated to make a circular cutting around the separated bone; the degree of circular cutting can be flexibly adjusted by rotating the rotating rod 402 as needed, or the degree of circular cutting can be further adjusted to perform in-depth resection, so that a single instrument can complete the process of minimally invasive drilling, bone removal and bone channel establishment in the cervical vertebral body, the operation process is simple, the operation time can be shortened, and the surgical risk can be controlled; at the same time, the bone strips obtained by drilling can be used for bone grafting in the bone channel, which simplifies the subsequent operation process.

[0042] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the inner cutting edge 304 is a quadrilateral blade, and a blade surface 309 is provided on the side of the inner cutting edge 304 away from the driven gear 301; when the multiple inner cutting edges 304 are completely placed in the annular groove 104, the adjacent blade surfaces 309 contact each other and enclose to form a seamless ring. The quadrilateral blade prevents the tube body 101 from generating large friction with the outer wall of the separated bone when drilling, and prevents the occurrence of bone debris embedding and affecting the opening of the inner cutting edge 304.

[0043] like Figure 6As shown, the opposite sides between adjacent inner cutting edges 304 are uniformly arcuate side edges. The arcuate side edges allow the inner cutting edges 304 to be rotated out, facilitating the relative sliding of adjacent inner cutting edges 304.

[0044] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a deformation gap 307 is reserved on the arc-shaped side of the inner cutting blade 304 close to the rotation axis 308 of the adjacent inner cutting blade 304. The deformation gap 307 facilitates the inner cutting blade 304 to be rotated out and opened, reduces the extrusion friction between each other, and prolongs the service life of the instrument.

[0045] like Figure 5 As shown, the transmission ratio between the driving gear 401 and the driven gear 301 is 9-36:1, and the rotation accuracy of the inner cutting edge 304 can be accurately adjusted by the knob 201.

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, the opposite surfaces of the driven gear 301 and the annular groove 104 are both provided with annular rolling grooves 302, and a plurality of balls 303 are embedded between the driven gear 301 and the annular rolling grooves 302 of the annular grooves 104, and the plurality of balls 303 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular rolling grooves 302. By the cooperation between the balls 303 and the annular rolling grooves 302, the driven gear 301 is allowed to rotate relative to the annular groove 104 with a fixed center, thereby enhancing the stability of the driven gear 301 in use.

[0047] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the distance between the inner cutting edge 304 and the trephine tooth 102 along the axis of the tube body 101 is 0.2-0.5 cm. It can be used for most patients and is convenient for trephination of the separated bone root.

[0048] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the tail end of the tube body 101 is provided with scale lines 103 distributed along the circumference of the knob 201, and the scale lines 103 are used to show the width of the annular cutting teeth formed by the inner cutting edge 304 extending into the tube body 101. The scale lines 103 can intuitively show the degree of rotation of the inner cutting edge 304, providing a reference for adjusting the knob 201.

[0049] like Figure 7As shown, a limiting prism 202, a connecting rod 203, and a sliding prism 204 are coaxially arranged on one side of the knob 201 in sequence; a limiting prism groove 106 for the limiting prism 202 to be inserted into the end face of the tube body 101 is provided, and the limiting prism groove 106 is connected to the mounting hole 108 through a first plug hole 107; a sliding prism groove 404 for the sliding prism 204 to move is provided inside the rotating rod 402, and a second plug hole 403 connected to the sliding prism groove 404 is provided on the end face of the rotating rod 402; the connecting rod 203 is movably plugged into the first plug hole 107 and the second plug hole 403 in sequence. When the rotating rod 402 needs to be rotated, the knob 201 is pulled out so that the limiting prism 202 and the limiting prism groove 106 are out of the plug-in state; when the rotating tube body 101 is rotated to perform circumcision on the separated bone, the knob 201 is pressed down so that the limiting prism 202 and the limiting prism groove 106 are plugged in, so as to limit the self-rotation of the rotating rod 402.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the surface of the knob 201 is provided with anti-skid strips 205 evenly distributed along its circumference. The anti-skid strips 205 make it easy to rotate the knob 201.

[0051] Working principle: After the tube body 101 is drilled into the predetermined position by the trepanation teeth 102 and the separated bone is formed inside the tube body 101, the rotating rod 402 is rotated so that the driving gear 401 drives the driven gear 301 to rotate; when the driven gear 301 rotates, the inner cutting edge 304 rotates relative to the driven gear 301 around the rotating shaft 308, and at the same time, the limiting rod 306 slides relatively in the sliding hole 305, so that after the inner cutting edge 304 changes direction, its acute angle point away from the rotating shaft 308 rotates out of the annular groove 104, and forms a flat Annular cutting teeth for surface cutting of the separated bones; rotating the tube body 101 while maintaining the current depth, so that the annular cutting teeth perform circumferential cutting around the separated bones; the degree of annular cutting can be flexibly adjusted by rotating the rotating rod 402 as needed, or the degree of annular cutting can be further adjusted to perform in-depth resection, so that a single instrument can complete the forming and separation of the separated bones, the operation process is simple, the operation time is short, and the surgical risk is reduced; at the same time, the annular cutting teeth formed by the inner cutting edge 304 make the separation surface of the separated bones neat and flat, without the need for subsequent processing, thereby simplifying the surgical operation process.

[0052] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A minimally invasive cervical vertebral body intra-vertebral drilling and bone harvesting integrated device, comprising a tube body (101) and a trephine tooth (102) arranged at the front end of the tube body (101), characterized in that: The inner wall of the front end of the tube body (101) is provided with an annular groove (104) and a rotating chamber (105) connected to the annular groove (104); a driven gear (301) is provided in the annular groove (104); the rotating chamber (105) is rotatably connected to a driving gear (401) meshing with the driven gear (301); a plurality of inner cutting edges (304) are evenly distributed in a spiral shape along the circumferential direction of the annular groove (104); the acute angle points of the inner cutting edges (304) are aligned with the driven gear (301); The inner wall of the tube body (101) is rotatably connected via a rotating shaft (308); a sliding hole (305) is formed through the inner cutting blade (304); a limiting rod (306) inserted into the sliding hole (305) is fixedly connected to the annular groove (104); a mounting hole (108) arranged along the axis of the tube body (101) is formed on the inner wall of the tube body (101); a rotating rod (402) coaxially fixed to the driving gear (401) is movably connected in the mounting hole (108); a knob (201) connected to the rotating rod (402) is formed at the rear end of the tube body (101); The inner cutting edge (304) is a quadrilateral blade, and a blade surface (309) is provided on the side of the inner cutting edge (304) away from the driven gear (301); when the plurality of inner cutting edges (304) are completely placed in the annular groove (104), adjacent blade surfaces (309) contact each other and enclose to form a seamless circular ring; The rear end of the tube body (101) is provided with scale lines (103) distributed along the circumferential direction of the knob (201), and the scale lines (103) are used to indicate the width of the annular cutting teeth formed by the inner cutting blade (304) extending into the interior of the tube body (101); A limiting prism (202), a connecting rod (203), and a sliding prism (204) are coaxially arranged in sequence on one side of the knob (201); a limiting prism groove (106) for the limiting prism (202) to be inserted is arranged on the end face of the tube body (101); the limiting prism groove (106) is connected to the mounting hole (108) through a first plug hole (107); a sliding prism groove (404) for the sliding prism (204) to move is arranged inside the rotating rod (402); a second plug hole (403) connected to the sliding prism groove (404) is arranged on the end face of the rotating rod (402); and the connecting rod (203) is movably plugged into the first plug hole (107) and the second plug hole (403) in sequence.

2. The minimally invasive cervical vertebral intrabody drilling and bone harvesting integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The opposite sides between adjacent inner cutting edges (304) are uniformly arc-shaped side edges.

3. The minimally invasive cervical vertebral intrabody drilling and bone harvesting integrated device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A deformation gap (307) is reserved on the arc-shaped side of the inner cutting edge (304) close to the rotation axis (308) of the adjacent inner cutting edge (304).

4. The minimally invasive cervical vertebral intrabody drilling and bone harvesting integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transmission ratio between the driving gear (401) and the driven gear (301) is 9-36:

1.

5. The minimally invasive cervical vertebral intrabody drilling and bone harvesting integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The surfaces opposite to the driven gear (301) and the annular groove (104) are both provided with an annular rolling groove (302), and a plurality of balls (303) are embedded between the driven gear (301) and the annular rolling groove (302) of the annular groove (104), and the plurality of balls (303) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular rolling groove (302).

6. The minimally invasive cervical vertebral intrabody drilling and bone harvesting integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The distance between the inner cutting edge (304) and the trephine tooth (102) along the axial direction of the tube body (101) is 0.2-0.5 cm.

7. The minimally invasive cervical vertebral intrabody drilling and bone harvesting integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The surface of the knob (201) is provided with anti-slip strips (205) evenly distributed along its circumferential direction.

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