A kind of measuring device and measuring method based on photosensitive imaging sensor

Abstract

The present invention discloses a measuring device and a measuring method based on a photosensitive imaging sensor, which realizes the measurement of soil loss by measuring the change of the relative position of the soil layer on the measuring rod. The measuring rod is integrated with a photosensitive imaging sensor, and the pixel points on the photosensitive imaging sensor exposed to ambient light are directly irradiated by sunlight or ambient light to produce a photoelectric response, while the pixel points under the soil layer are blocked by the soil layer and cannot receive direct sunlight or ambient light, but only receive a small amount of scattered light, so that there is only a weak photoelectric response. The interface between the soil layer and the atmosphere is inferred by the intensity distribution of light on the photosensitive imaging sensor, so as to realize long-term monitoring of soil height changes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of online detection of soil and water conservation, and specifically relates to a probe device and a probe method based on a photosensitive imaging sensor, which are applied to the collection of original probe data in the probe method for monitoring soil and water loss. Background Art

[0002] Soil erosion is a global ecological problem. The key step to solve the problem of soil erosion is to monitor the process of soil erosion. Traditional manual monitoring methods relying on manpower cannot adapt to the development trend of the new situation of soil and water conservation. Comprehensively promoting the application of information technology in soil and water conservation supervision has become an important task at present. Timely and accurate discovery and long-term online monitoring of soil erosion have become the development frontier in the field of soil and water conservation today. The measuring rod method refers to the regular insertion of a number of fine rods with scales into the surface while minimizing the surface disturbance on the slope as much as possible, and marking the fine rods to record the original soil layer height of the slope. Later, by recording the changes in the soil layer height, the amount of soil erosion on the slope is observed and calculated. However, recording the changes in the soil layer height requires human observation and manual recording, which is inconvenient to operate. Therefore, the demand for a simple and fast measuring rod reading device that does not rely on human observation is of great significance for the measurement of soil erosion. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention provides a soldering device and a soldering method based on a photosensitive imaging sensor, which can read soldering data simply and efficiently.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention discloses a probe device based on a photosensitive imaging sensor, comprising a probe rod, wherein the probe rod has a light-transmitting area, a light-shielding object is arranged on the light-transmitting area, a photosensitive imaging sensor is installed in the light-transmitting area, an output end of the photosensitive imaging sensor is connected to a photoelectric detection circuit, the photoelectric detection circuit is used to collect light signals collected by the photosensitive imaging sensor, and convert the light signals into electrical signals, and calculate the actual distance between the soil surface and the lower interface of the light-shielding object according to the electrical signals.

[0005] Furthermore, the photosensitive imaging sensor is packaged in an airtight chamber.

[0006] Furthermore, the output end of the photosensitive imaging sensor is connected to the photoelectric detection circuit via a signal line, and an airtight through-hole for passing the signal line is provided on the airtight chamber.

[0007] Furthermore, the light shielding object is a light-proof stripe pattern engraved on the rod wall of the probe rod, and the stripe pattern is directly opposite to the photosensitive imaging sensor.

[0008] Furthermore, the photosensitive imaging sensor is a linear CCD array, an area array CCD, a photoresistor array or a photovoltaic unit array.

[0009] Furthermore, the probe rod is a hollow structure.

[0010] The photoelectric detection circuit comprises:

[0011] A photosensitive imaging sensor driving circuit, used for supplying power to the photosensitive imaging sensor and converting the light signal detected by the photosensitive imaging sensor into an electrical signal;

[0012] The embedded signal solving circuit receives the electrical signal sent by the photosensitive imaging sensor driving circuit, and calculates the real distance between the soil surface and the lower interface of the shading object according to the received electrical signal;

[0013] The power supply circuit formed by the linear voltage regulator is used to supply power to the entire probe rod;

[0014] The wireless transmission circuit composed of the Bluetooth chip is used to send the data detected by the drill rod to the data collector or server.

[0015] The method for measuring the brazing of the brazing device comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: insert the probe rod into the soil so that a portion of the photosensitive imaging sensor is below the soil and the remaining portion is above the soil;

[0017] Step 2: Determine whether there is an obstacle blocking the light by the spatial distribution of the intensity of the light irradiated to the photosensitive imaging sensor, and calibrate the angle θ of the incident light from the environment by the projection position of a light shielding object at a known position, which is a calibrated opaque strip pattern engraved on the wall of the measuring rod directly facing the photosensitive imaging sensor;

[0018] Step 3: Based on the angle θ of the ambient incident light obtained in step 2, and through the projected pixel position w1 of the shadow of the soil surface on the photosensitive imaging sensor, and the vertical distance d from the surface of the photosensitive imaging sensor to the surface of the probe rod, calculate the actual pixel position w0 corresponding to the soil surface. The expression is:

[0019] w0=d·tan(θ) / Λ+w1

[0020] Step 4. Calculate the actual distance Δ between the soil surface and the lower interface of the shading object based on the actual pixel position w0 corresponding to the soil surface obtained in step 3. The calculation formula is: Δ=Λ, where Λ is the geometric size of the pixel, and c2 is the pixel position corresponding to the lower end position of the shadow formed by the shading object on the photosensitive imaging sensor under light irradiation; calculate the change in soil thickness based on the actual distance Δ between the soil surface and the lower interface of the shading object obtained at different detection times.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 2, the calibration process of the angle θ of the ambient incident light is as follows:

[0022] The distance d from the surface of the photosensitive imaging sensor to the light-shielding object is measured, and the incident light for calibration is incident perpendicularly to the photosensitive imaging sensor. The upper position of the shadow projected by the light-shielding object on the photosensitive imaging sensor is obtained by reading the data of the light intensity of the photosensitive imaging sensor versus the pixel position. The upper boundary and the lower boundary of the shadow formed by the light-shielding object on the photosensitive imaging sensor under the irradiation of light are determined by analyzing the position with the largest pixel position gradient in the signal. The pixel position corresponding to the upper boundary is c1, and the pixel position corresponding to the lower boundary is c2.

[0023] Assume that the pixel position of the photosensitive imaging sensor corresponding to the upper end position of the shadow projected by the fixed shading object on the photosensitive imaging sensor is s1 and the pixel position corresponding to the lower end position is s2, and the sunlight irradiation angle θ satisfies the following expression:

[0024] tan(θ)=0.5|s1+s2-c1-c2|Λ / d

[0025] Where Λ is the geometric size of the pixel.

[0026] Furthermore, in step 4, the change in soil thickness is calculated and then low-pass filtered, and the filtered data is output to a signal collector or server via a Bluetooth chip.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] In the present invention, a photosensitive imaging sensor and a photoelectric detection circuit are integrated in the measuring rod. The change of light intensity sensed by the photosensitive imaging sensor is used to continuously calculate the distance between the soil and the calibration object, thereby realizing long-term detection of the change of the relative position of the soil layer on the measuring rod, thereby achieving the measurement of the soil loss amount. This solution only requires adding a photoelectric sensor to the measuring rod, which is easy to implement and convenient to operate.

[0029] Furthermore, the airtight chamber formed by the airtight packaging can prevent water vapor from entering, prevent the generation of water mist inside the drill wall due to the temperature difference between the inside and the outside, thereby affecting the light response of the photosensitive imaging sensor, and improve the stability of the photoelectric drill measuring device.

[0030] Furthermore, the hollow diameter of the probe rod is about 1 cm-2 cm, and it still maintains a certain mechanical strength and can be inserted into the soil without deformation.

[0031] The method disclosed in the present invention utilizes the principle that pixels on a photosensitive imaging sensor exposed to ambient light generate photoelectric responses when directly irradiated by sunlight or ambient light, while pixels under the soil layer, due to being blocked by the soil layer, do not receive direct sunlight or ambient light, but only receive a small amount of scattered light, resulting in only a weak photoelectric response. The interface between the soil layer and the atmosphere is inferred through the intensity distribution of light on the photosensitive imaging sensor, and the distance between the soil and the calibration object is calculated, thereby calculating the change in soil thickness.

[0032] Furthermore, the accuracy of the measurement results is improved by filtering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The overall schematic diagram of the drill is shown in FIG.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the airtight chamber;

[0035] Figure 3 It is the working principle diagram of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is the relationship diagram between obstacle edge and light intensity;

[0037] Figure 5 For the flow chart.

[0038] In the attached figure: 1. measuring rod, 2. light-transmitting area, 3. photosensitive imaging sensor, 4. inert gas, 5. airtight perforation, 6. power supply line, 7. signal line, 8. light-shielding object, 9. airtight chamber, 20. soil, 21. light-transmitting drill wall.

[0039] Figure 3 The dotted lines are sunlight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a photosensitive imaging sensor based probe, mainly comprising a hollow or partially hollow probe rod 1, and a light-transmitting airtight chamber 9 containing a photosensitive imaging sensor 3 is installed in the hollow position of the probe rod 1. The probe rod 1 is light-transmitting at the position where the photosensitive imaging sensor 3 is installed. The light-transmitting rod wall can efficiently transmit sunlight or part of the sunlight spectrum component. The airtight chamber 9 formed by the airtight packaging can prevent water vapor from entering, prevent the problem of water mist inside the probe wall caused by the temperature difference between the inside and the outside, thereby affecting the light response of the photosensitive imaging sensor, and improve the stability of the photoelectric probe device. The light-transmitting probe wall 21 can allow sunlight to penetrate and be incident on the photosensitive imaging sensor 3, so as to analyze the spatial light field information.

[0043] The wall of the measuring rod at a certain distance from the photosensitive imaging sensor 3 has a light shielding object 8 of a certain width. The projection position of the light-transmitting and opaque interfaces on the photosensitive imaging sensor 3 is determined by using the intensity change of the light intensity on the photosensitive imaging sensor 3. These interfaces include the interface of the opaque strip pattern and the light-transmitting area 2 and the interface between the soil 20 and the air layer. The shadow area of ​​the opaque strip pattern projected on the photosensitive imaging sensor is determined by using the light-transmitting and opaque interfaces. The incident angle of sunlight or ambient light is calculated by using the projection relationship by calculating the width of the area. The actual height of the soil layer is calculated by using the projection relationship by using the incident angle of sunlight or ambient light and the projection of the interface between the soil 20 and the air layer on the photosensitive imaging sensor.

[0044] The airtight chamber 9 is provided with an airtight through-hole 5 for passing the power supply line 6 and the signal line 7 . The photosensitive imaging sensor is placed in the airtight chamber 9 filled with an inert gas 4 . All the power supply lines 6 and the signal lines 7 are led out of the airtight chamber 9 through the airtight through-hole 5 .

[0045] Photosensitive imaging sensor is a general term for a type of sensor that converts light signals into electrical signals. The specific implementation can be a linear charge-coupled device (CCD) array, a planar CCD array, or a customized photoresistor array or photovoltaic cell array.

[0046] The hollow diameter of the probe rod 1 is about 1 cm-2 cm, and it still maintains a certain mechanical strength and can be inserted into the soil 20 without deformation.

[0047] The power supply line and control and readout signal lines of the photosensitive imaging sensor are connected to the photoelectric detection circuit, and data readout is achieved through the signal readout control software integrated on the embedded processor.

[0048] The function of the integrated photoelectric monitoring circuit is to drive the photosensitive imaging sensor and solve the signal of the photosensitive imaging sensor, and at the same time send out the solved signal - the actual distance between the soil surface and the lower interface of the marked object, including:

[0049] 1) A photosensitive imaging sensor driving circuit, used to power the photosensitive imaging sensor and convert the light signal detected by the photosensitive imaging sensor into an electrical signal;

[0050] 2) A signal processing circuit based on an embedded platform receives the electrical signal sent by the photosensitive imaging sensor driving circuit, and calculates the actual distance between the soil surface and the lower interface of the marked object based on the received electrical signal.

[0051] 3) A power supply circuit composed of a linear voltage regulator is used to supply power to the entire probe;

[0052] 4) A wireless transmission circuit composed of a Bluetooth chip is used to send the data detected by the probe to a data collector or server.

[0053] Reference Figure 4 , a method for measuring brazing based on a photosensitive imaging sensor, the process is as follows:

[0054] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the probe rod 1 is inserted into the soil 20 so that a portion of the photosensitive imaging sensor 3 is below the soil 20 and the remaining portion is above the soil 20. The photosensitive imaging sensor 3 has a linear spatial response to light (linear sensor), and the linear direction can be arranged along the length direction of the probe rod 1 by selecting the installation method, or a planar spatial response (area array sensor), one direction of which is arranged along the length direction of the probe rod 1. The spatial distribution of the intensity of the light irradiated to the sensor 3 can be used to determine whether there is an obstacle blocking the light, and the projection position of the shading object 8 at a known position is used. The shading object 8 is a calibrated opaque strip pattern engraved on the wall of the probe rod opposite the photosensitive imaging sensor, so as to calibrate the angle of the incident light in the environment. During the calibration process, taking the linear sensor as an example, first determine the distance from the sensor surface to the shading object 8 on the wall of the probe rod, denoted as d. The incident light used for calibration is perpendicular to the sensor, that is, parallel to the soil surface. The upper position of the shadow projected by the fixed shading object 8 on the sensor can be determined by reading the data of the linear sensor's light intensity versus pixel position. By analyzing the position of the largest pixel position gradient in the signal, the boundary of the shadow is determined, and the corresponding sensor pixel positions are recorded: c1 is the pixel position corresponding to the top position of the shadow, and c2 is the pixel position corresponding to the bottom position of the shadow. During actual use, the probe rod 1 is illuminated by sunlight. Suppose the sensor pixel position corresponding to the upper end position of the projected shadow of the sensor at the fixed opaque area is s1, and the pixel position corresponding to the upper end position is s2. The sunlight irradiation angle θ satisfies the following expression,

[0055] tan(θ)=0.5|s1+s2-c1-c2|Λ / d

[0056] In the above formula, Λ is the size of the geometric size of the pixel. Based on this angle information, and through the projection pixel position w1 of the shadow of the soil 20 surface on the sensor, the corresponding real pixel position w0 information of the soil 20 surface is inferred, which can be specifically expressed as follows:

[0057] w0=d·tan(θ) / Λ+w1

[0058] Using the calibration information c2 again, the actual distance Δ between the soil surface and the lower interface of the marked object can be calculated. The marked object refers to the shading object. The specific expression is as follows:

[0059] Δ=(c2-w1)Λ-d·tan(θ);

[0060] Δ=(c2-w0)Λ.

[0061] According to the actual distance Δ between the soil surface and the lower interface of the marked object obtained at different detection times, the change in soil thickness is calculated, and then low-pass filtering is performed to improve the accuracy of the data. The filtered data is output to the signal collector or server through the Bluetooth chip.

[0062] Therefore, by reading the light intensity data of the photosensitive imaging sensor in the presence of sunlight, converting the light intensity signal into a detectable voltage signal through the driving circuit and signal readout software, and analyzing the projection position w1 of the soil surface on the photosensitive imaging sensor and the light irradiation angle θ, long-term monitoring of soil height changes can be achieved.

[0063] The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring a drill, characterized in that: The drilling method is based on a drilling device based on a photosensitive imaging sensor, the drilling device comprising a drilling rod (1), the drilling rod (1) having a light-transmitting area (2), a light-shielding object (8) being arranged on the rod wall of the drilling rod (1), a photosensitive imaging sensor (3) being installed in the light-transmitting area (2), the light-shielding object (8) being directly opposite to the photosensitive imaging sensor (3), an output end of the photosensitive imaging sensor (3) being connected to a photoelectric detection circuit, the photoelectric detection circuit being used to collect light signals collected by the photosensitive imaging sensor (3), and converting the light signals into electrical signals, and calculating the actual distance between the soil surface and the lower interface of the light-shielding object (8) according to the electrical signals; The described brazing method comprises the following steps: Step 1, inserting the probe rod (1) into the soil (20) so that a portion of the photosensitive imaging sensor (3) is below the soil (20) and the remaining portion is above the soil (20); Step 2, judging whether there is a light shielding object (8) blocking the light by the spatial distribution of the intensity of the light irradiated to the photosensitive imaging sensor (3), and calibrating the angle θ of the incident light in the environment by the projection position of the light shielding object (8) at a known position, where the light shielding object (8) is a calibrable opaque strip pattern engraved on the wall of the probe rod; Step 3: Based on the angle θ of the ambient incident light obtained in step 2, and through the projection pixel position w1 of the vertical shadow of the soil (20) surface on the photosensitive imaging sensor, and the vertical distance d from the photosensitive imaging sensor surface to the probe rod surface, calculate the actual pixel position w0 of the soil (20) surface under the light irradiation, and the expression is: w0=d·tan(θ) / Λ+w1 Step 4: Calculate the actual distance Δ between the soil surface and the lower interface of the shading object (8) based on the actual pixel position w0 corresponding to the surface of the soil (20) obtained in step 3. The calculation formula is: Δ=(c2-w0)Λ, where Λ is the geometric size of the pixel, and c2 is the pixel position corresponding to the lower end position of the shadow formed by the shading object (8) on the photosensitive imaging sensor (3) under the irradiation of light; calculate the change in soil thickness based on the actual distance Δ between the soil surface and the lower interface of the shading object (8) obtained at different detection times.

2. A method for measuring a borehole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photosensitive imaging sensor (3) is packaged in an airtight chamber (9).

3. A method for measuring a borehole according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output end of the photosensitive imaging sensor (3) and the photoelectric detection circuit are connected via a signal line (7), and an airtight through hole (5) for passing the signal line (7) is provided on the airtight chamber (9).

4. A method for testing a drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light shielding object (8) is a light-proof stripe pattern engraved on the rod wall of the probe rod (1), and the stripe pattern is directly opposite to the photosensitive imaging sensor.

5. A method for testing a drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photosensitive imaging sensor (3) is a linear CCD array, a planar CCD array, a photoresistor array or a photovoltaic unit array.

6. A method for testing a borehole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The probe rod (1) is of a hollow structure.

7. A method for testing a drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoelectric detection circuit comprises: A photosensitive imaging sensor driving circuit, used for supplying power to the photosensitive imaging sensor and converting the light signal detected by the photosensitive imaging sensor into an electrical signal; An embedded signal calculation circuit receives an electrical signal sent by a photosensitive imaging sensor driving circuit, and calculates a real distance between the soil surface and the lower interface of the light shielding object (8) based on the received electrical signal; The power supply circuit formed by the linear voltage regulator is used to supply power to the entire probe rod; The wireless transmission circuit composed of the Bluetooth chip is used to send the data detected by the drill rod to the data collector or server.

8. A method for testing a borehole according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the calibration process of the angle θ of the ambient incident light is as follows: The vertical distance d between the surface of the photosensitive imaging sensor (3) and the surface of the probe rod is measured, and the incident light for calibration is incident perpendicularly to the photosensitive imaging sensor (3). The upper position of the shadow projected by the light shielding object (8) on the photosensitive imaging sensor is obtained by reading the data of the light intensity and the pixel position of the photosensitive imaging sensor. The upper boundary and the lower boundary of the shadow formed by the light shielding object (8) on the photosensitive imaging sensor (3) under the irradiation of light are determined by analyzing the position with the largest pixel position gradient in the signal. The pixel position corresponding to the upper boundary is c1, and the pixel position corresponding to the lower boundary is c2. Assume that the upper position of the shadow projected by the fixed shading object (8) on the photosensitive imaging sensor (3) under the illumination of the ambient incident light of angle θ corresponds to the pixel position s1 of the photosensitive imaging sensor and the lower position corresponds to the pixel position s2, and the angle θ satisfies the following expression: tan(θ)=0.5|s1+s2-c1-c2|Λ / d; Where Λ is the geometric size of the pixel.

9. A method for testing a drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the change in soil thickness is calculated and then low-pass filtered, and the filtered data is output to a signal collector or server via a Bluetooth chip.

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