System and method for direct loading and unloading operation of iron-water combined transport vehicles and ships at the front of container terminals

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system and method for direct loading and unloading operation of vehicles and ships in iron-water combined transport at the front of a container terminal. The system includes a port terminal, a railway loading and unloading line parallel to the shoreline, and a first crane for loading and unloading containers on the ship at the shore. It also includes a handover yard and a second crane for loading and unloading containers on the railway loading and unloading line. The horizontal lifting and moving operation areas of the first crane and the second crane both cover the handover yard. The present invention has both a container truck operation system process and can implement the direct vehicle and ship operation process of iron-water combined transport. It not only reduces the workload of horizontal transportation of container trucks, but also solves the problem of direct vehicle and ship loading when the vehicle and ship do not match in a short time. In addition, it effectively solves the problem of low loading and unloading efficiency of quay cranes in direct vehicle and ship loading and unloading operations, solves the limitations of direct container loading and unloading, greatly improves the operation efficiency, and with the support of the transportation information system, realizes efficient and seamless connection of iron-water combined transport in a true sense.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cargo transportation, and in particular to a system and method for direct loading and unloading operations of iron-water combined transport vehicles and ships at a container terminal frontier. Background Art

[0002] Containerized rail-water transport refers to the transportation process in which containers are transferred from trains to ships or from ships to trains, realizing the spatial and temporal displacement of goods. The entire process only requires "one declaration, one inspection, and one release". It is currently the world's most advanced integrated transportation method, with comprehensive advantages such as achieving seamless connection of cargo transportation, saving logistics costs, reducing energy consumption, and reducing pollutant emissions.

[0003] At present, there are mainly the following container rail-water transport modes:

[0004] 1. Mode 1: The railway loading and unloading line is located at the yard behind the port. In this mode, there is a certain distance between the railway container loading and unloading line and the terminal crane, and the container transshipment transportation needs to be equipped with a certain number of internal container trucks for short-distance transportation through on-site road transportation.

[0005] 2. Mode 2: The railway loading and unloading line is extended to the front of the wharf. The transshipment between water transport and railway transport does not go through the yard operation. The container can be directly taken by the vehicle and the ship through the quay crane. In this way, the container can be directly transshipped without going through the yard storage, reducing the truck transportation link and the yard storage operation link as well as the number of loading and unloading machines, greatly saving the yard area and reducing the operation time, which has high social and economic benefits.

[0006] The limitations of existing container rail-water transport modes are analyzed as follows:

[0007] The operation process of Mode 1 is:

[0008] Ship ←→ Shore container crane (quay crane) ←→ Internal container truck ←→ Rear yard and yard gantry crane ←→ Railway loading and unloading line gantry crane ←→ Railway vehicle.

[0009] The operation process of mode 2 is:

[0010] Ship ←→ quayside container crane ←→ vehicles on the railway loading and unloading line at the front of the wharf.

[0011] The problems with mode 1 are:

[0012] 1) The internal truck transportation link and loading and unloading transportation equipment are added, and the transportation cost and time cost are increased accordingly.

[0013] 2) The railway loading and unloading area needs to be equipped with loading and unloading equipment and storage yards, which requires large investment in the project and increases operating costs.

[0014] The problems with mode 2 are:

[0015] 1) The railway vehicle stays at the loading and unloading line at the front of the wharf without power, and the ship is fixed at the berth during loading and unloading at the port; the container exchange between the ship and the railway vehicle needs to be realized by the longitudinal movement and loading and unloading of the quay crane trolley at the front of the wharf. Since the longitudinal movement speed of the quay crane (trolley) is slow at 45m / min, the round-trip movement distance of each hook is 100-600m (average movement of 350m), and only 6-10 standard containers can be loaded and unloaded per hour during the movement. The quay crane needs to move back and forth between the vehicle and the ship along the track, which is inefficient, and the adjacent quay cranes block the movement of the operating quay crane. Most of the time is wasted on the movement of the quay crane equipment. And the front of the wharf cannot realize the synchronous operation of multiple quay cranes. Therefore, there is no railway loading and unloading line under the quay crane at the front of the wharf, and the ones that have been established are basically out of use.

[0016] 2) There is another operation method of the railway loading and unloading line under the quay crane. The quay crane does not move during the loading and unloading of containers. The railway loading and unloading vehicle moves longitudinally under the traction of the tractor to align with the quay crane to cooperate with the quay crane loading and unloading operations. In this operation method, the available length of the railway loading and unloading line laid at the front of the dock is only half of the total length of the loading and unloading line, that is, a 400m loading and unloading line can only be used for loading and unloading operations of vehicles 200m long. There are loading and unloading blind areas at both ends of the front of the dock, and each track needs to be equipped with a dedicated traction locomotive. A rack is laid in the middle of the rail of the port railway loading and unloading line. The rack car is driven by an electric motor, and the power is supplied by a cable drum. The power is transmitted to the driving gear through a gear reducer and a chain deceleration. The driving gear meshes with the rack fixed in the middle of the track to move the marshaled vehicle forward. After the train reaches the dock, it stops at the designated position. After the head of the train is unhooked, it uses the existing equipment at the dock for loading and unloading. After each group of containers is completed, the rack car pushes the train forward by one container operation position. The movement of the container loading and unloading equipment cart is greatly reduced, which improves the loading and unloading efficiency. After the whole train is finished, it will be towed away from the wharf by the locomotive. One loading and unloading line can only cooperate with one quay crane for loading and unloading. Although the efficiency of the quay crane for direct loading and unloading of railway vehicles and ships can reach 45 to 60 boxes per hour, which is much higher than that of the quay crane for direct loading and unloading of vehicles and ships, the capacity utilization rate of the wharf railway loading and unloading line is only 50%, and the number of quay cranes operating simultaneously is limited, and there are certain restrictions on the utilization of the capacity of the water-road combined transport channel.

[0017] 3) The terminal front loading and unloading mode must maintain information exchange between ships and railway trains, coordinate the arrival and departure times of railway trains, the arrival and development times of terminal ships, the loading and unloading operation plans of loading and unloading machinery and vehicles, etc. Otherwise, the railway trains and ships will increase a lot of idle time waiting for each other.

[0018] The following conclusions are drawn from the above analysis:

[0019] Mode 1's railway loading and unloading line is in the rear yard mode. The container rail-water intermodal transport has many horizontal transport links, and the transportation and time costs are relatively high. It is suitable for container terminals with large transport volumes, and the costs can be reduced by diluting the transport volume.

[0020] Mode 2's railway loading and unloading line extends to the front of the wharf. The direct vehicle-ship mode requires the exchange of control information between the ship and the train, matching of the operation process, and low efficiency of mobile quay crane loading and unloading operations, which affects other quay crane operations. The tractor mode has blind spots in operation.

[0021] With the development of information technology, the information of rail-water transport has been able to communicate with each other. What affects the efficiency of the direct vehicle-ship mode of container pickup at the terminal is the quay crane mobile loading and unloading mode. Changing the vehicle-ship direct pickup operation system and operation process (method) is a way to improve the efficiency of rail-water transport. Therefore, a new vehicle-ship direct pickup loading and unloading operation system and method for rail-water transport at the terminal is urgently needed to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0022] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and to provide a system and method for direct vehicle-ship loading and unloading operations in rail-water intermodal transport at the front of a container terminal. The scheme of the present invention meets the existing container truck operation system process and can implement the vehicle-ship direct operation process of rail-water intermodal transport, which not only reduces the workload of horizontal transportation of container trucks, but also solves the problem of direct vehicle-ship loading and unloading in the case of short-term mismatch between vehicles and ships. In addition, it effectively solves the problem of low efficiency of quay crane loading and unloading operations for direct vehicle-ship loading and unloading operations, solves the limitations of direct container loading and unloading, greatly improves the operation efficiency, and with the support of the transportation information system, realizes truly efficient and seamless connection of rail-water intermodal transport.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: The present invention discloses a container terminal front-line iron-water combined transport vehicle-ship direct loading and unloading operation system, including a port terminal, a railway loading and unloading line extending to the front of the terminal and parallel to the coastline, and a first crane for loading and unloading containers on the ship at the shore, and also includes a handover yard and a second crane for loading and unloading containers on the railway loading and unloading line. The lateral lifting and moving operation areas of the first crane and the second crane both cover the handover yard.

[0024] Furthermore, the delivery yard is parallel to the shoreline in the longitudinal direction and is provided with at least one row and at least one layer of delivery container positions in the transverse direction.

[0025] Furthermore, there is at least one railway loading and unloading line, and the railway loading and unloading line, the handover yard, and the second crane are located on the land side of the first crane. The handover yard is located below the rear cantilever of the first crane. A second crane running track parallel to the shoreline is also arranged on the land side of the first crane, and the lateral lifting and moving operation area of ​​the second crane completely covers the railway loading and unloading line.

[0026] Furthermore, there are at least two railway loading and unloading lines, which are located on the land side of the first crane. The delivery yard is arranged between the railway loading and unloading lines. The delivery yard is located below the rear cantilever of the first crane. A second crane and a second crane running track are respectively arranged on both sides of the delivery yard, and the second crane running track is parallel to the shoreline; at least one second crane is arranged on both sides of each delivery yard.

[0027] The railway loading and unloading line is arranged between two second crane running rails supporting the second crane.

[0028] Furthermore, the system also includes a fixed yard and container trucks. A container truck lane parallel to the first crane's running track is provided in the loading and unloading area of ​​the first crane below the first crane. The container truck lane is connected to the fixed yard or road transport channel to realize the container truck and container ship direct loading and unloading operations between the first crane and the fixed yard, or to realize the vehicle-ship direct loading and unloading operations of road container trucks for water-road combined transport.

[0029] The railway loading and unloading line is arranged between the first crane and the fixed yard.

[0030] Furthermore, the rear cantilever of the first crane is arranged in a staggered manner with respect to the second crane, and both the first crane and the second crane in the loading and unloading operation area are equipped with anti-collision devices.

[0031] The present invention also discloses a method for direct loading and unloading of iron-water combined transport vehicles and ships at the front of a container terminal.

[0032] The process of unloading and loading a ship includes the following steps:

[0033] The railway container management system issues instructions to empty railway vehicles, controlling the empty railway vehicles to drive to the railway loading and unloading line at the front of the terminal;

[0034] When a container transport ship arrives at a designated port terminal berth, and when there is a railway vehicle on the railway loading and unloading line that matches the container information on the ship, the first crane grabs the container from the ship and lifts it to the first crane according to the operation plan of the port container management system, and then unloads it to the delivery yard with a cantilever;

[0035] The second crane runs to the corresponding delivery container position in the delivery yard, grabs the container on the delivery yard and transports it to the corresponding railway vehicle on the railway loading and unloading line for loading, and repeats this cycle until the railway vehicle is full, and controls the railway vehicle to drive out of the railway loading and unloading line;

[0036] The unloading and loading process includes the following steps:

[0037] Railway vehicles loaded with containers travel from the station to the railway loading and unloading line at the front of the wharf according to the instructions issued by the railway container management system;

[0038] When there is a match between the container information of a ship and a railway vehicle at the front berth, the second crane will lift the container loaded on the railway vehicle and directly transfer it to the handover yard after moving it;

[0039] The first crane continues to lift the container at the corresponding handover yard and runs to the corresponding ship. After the ship unloads the container, the first crane returns and the cantilever waits for the next container to continue loading the ship; this cycle continues until the railway vehicle is unloaded and the railway vehicle is controlled to drive out of the railway loading and unloading line.

[0040] Furthermore, multiple second cranes operating on the same second crane running track are divided into two groups according to the scope of the operating area or the number of second cranes operating synchronously; when the longitudinal running range required by the container exceeds the longitudinal operating area set by a second crane, it is longitudinally relayed to the planned location by at least one second crane.

[0041] When two second cranes relay longitudinally, one second crane places the container at the handover yard in the overlapping area of ​​the two second cranes' operations, for the other second crane to take away and run longitudinally, thus realizing the longitudinal relay of the two second cranes.

[0042] Furthermore, when there is no railway vehicle on the railway loading and unloading line that matches the container information on the ship, and the unloading cannot be stopped, the first crane continues to unload the ship, the first crane unloads the container from the ship to the handover yard, the second crane lifts the container in the handover yard, and transfers the containers to be loaded to the planned container positions in the handover yard according to the longitudinal partition for temporary storage. After the railway vehicle to be matched arrives, the second crane sequentially lifts the containers temporarily stored in the handover yard from the temporary container positions and transfers them to the matching railway vehicle;

[0043] When there is no ship at the front berth that matches the container information loaded on the railway vehicle, the second crane continues to unload the container from the railway vehicle to the handover yard. The second crane transfers the containers to be unloaded to the planned container locations in the longitudinal container locations of the handover yard for temporary storage according to the longitudinal partition of the first crane's position. After the arrival of the matching ship, the first crane will sequentially lift the containers temporarily stored in the handover yard from the temporary container locations and transfer them to the container ship for unloading and loading.

[0044] Further, according to the operation plan of the port container management system, the first crane unloads the container loaded on the ship onto the container truck on the container truck lane, and the container truck enters the fixed yard or the highway intermodal transport channel along the container truck lane;

[0045] According to the operation plan of the port container management system, the first crane lifts the container on the container truck from the road intermodal transport channel or fixed yard to the container truck lane, grabs the iron-water intermodal container from the ship and lifts it to the container ship, and the container truck drives out of the front of the terminal, and the cycle continues until the road container is transported to the destination and loaded on board.

[0046] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0047] (1) The present invention reduces the number of operating steps and improves transportation efficiency.

[0048] The new mode of direct vehicle-ship pickup proposed in this patent solves the limitation of the existing mode of direct vehicle-ship pickup that still requires the use of internal container trucks for short-distance transportation to complete container transshipment. It reduces the internal transportation links and can achieve truly seamless connection of rail-water transport, thereby improving transportation efficiency and saving short-distance transportation costs.

[0049] (ii) The present invention can still efficiently realize intermodal transport even if the arrival times of vehicles and ships do not match.

[0050] The solution of the present invention adds a molten iron information exchange system, improves the front-end layout of the wharf, and changes the direct vehicle-ship operation method, which can improve the optimal matching of vehicle-ship transfer time. Even if the arrival time of the ship and the train at the port area cannot be coordinated and matched in a short time, the containers can be unloaded and temporarily stacked in time to reduce horizontal transportation. The waiting time of trains and ships is reduced, and at the same time, the utilization efficiency of port loading and unloading machinery can be effectively improved, the container transportation time can be shortened, and the transportation efficiency of containers can be improved.

[0051] (III) The present invention reduces the moving distance and alignment time of the quay crane, and effectively improves the loading and unloading efficiency.

[0052] During the direct vehicle-ship loading and unloading process, the quay crane does not need to move longitudinally, and the railway vehicle does not need to move. The rapid movement of the rail gantry crane RMG on the track (120m / min for the trolley) and the rapid movement of the quay crane trolley (150-200m / min) work together to achieve rapid container replacement. The longitudinal movement of the gantry crane with a faster moving speed and more flexible operation replaces the longitudinal movement of the quay crane with a slower moving speed (45m / min), eliminating the longitudinal movement distance and positioning time of the quay crane, and doubling the efficiency of direct vehicle-ship container loading and unloading in the rail-water intermodal transport.

[0053] (iv) The present invention improves the utilization efficiency of the dock front and simultaneously improves the efficiency of multimodal transport.

[0054] Due to the layout of the railway loading and unloading line with the rear cantilever of the quay crane and the method of handing over containers between the gantry crane and the quay crane, there are loading and unloading areas and walking passages for road container trucks, which realizes multimodal transport of road, rail and water and improves the loading and unloading efficiency of rail, water and road transport. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0056] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structural diagram of a container terminal front-end iron-water combined transport vehicle-vehicle direct loading and unloading operation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 A plan view of a container terminal front-end iron-water combined transport vehicle-ship direct loading and unloading operation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a direct loading and unloading system for iron-water combined transport vehicles and ships at a container terminal frontier provided by another embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 A plan view of a system for direct loading and unloading of vehicles and ships by rail and water combined transport at a container terminal provided in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] See also Figures 1 to 4 An embodiment of the present invention provides a container terminal front-line iron-water intermodal vehicle-ship direct loading and unloading operation system, including a port terminal, a railway loading and unloading line extending to the front of the terminal and parallel to the shoreline, and a first crane for loading and unloading containers on the ship at the shore, and also includes a handover yard and a second crane for loading and unloading containers on the railway loading and unloading line. The lateral lifting and moving operation areas of the first crane and the second crane both cover the handover yard.

[0062] The first crane in this embodiment is a shore bridge crane or a portal crane. The second crane is a portal crane.

[0063] The railway loading and unloading lines set up at the port terminal are led out from the adjacent railway station to the port terminal, and are set up at the terminal quay crane, parallel to the quay crane running line. The length and number of loading and unloading lines are determined according to the berth length and the volume of rail-water combined transport; the span of the quay crane is determined according to the extendable range of the rear cantilever and the width of the front of the terminal; a gantry crane is equipped under the rear cantilever of the quay crane, and the span and number of gantry cranes are determined according to the number and length of loading and unloading lines and the volume of containers. A container handover yard is set up within the operating range of the gantry crane, and the number of containers in the yard is determined by the extendable range of the rear cantilever of the quay crane, the length and number of loading and unloading lines and the volume of containers.

[0064] The port terminal of this embodiment has the function of direct transfer of container vehicles and ships by rail and water transport, and one or more container ships 10 can be berthed at the seaside berth 21 at the front 20 of the terminal. The container terminal is a hub for the collection and evacuation of water, rail and road container transportation, used for berthing container ships and loading and unloading containers.

[0065] A shore gantry crane 300 (abbreviated as: quay crane) or a gantry crane (abbreviated as: gantry crane, the quay crane described in this article is also applicable to the gantry crane) and running tracks 304a, 304b running through the front edge of the wharf are installed at the front seaside berth 21, which are used for container ships 10 to load and unload at the port, and directly transfer containers 100 between the container ships 10 and the railway vehicles 710.

[0066] The operation arrangement of the quay crane 300 can be one quay crane corresponding to one bow ship loading and unloading operation, or multiple quay cranes can load and unload one bow ship; or one quay crane at multiple berths can load and unload one bow ship at the same time, or multiple quay cranes at multiple berths can load and unload one bow ship at the same time, or an indefinite number of quay cranes and an indefinite number of ships can load and unload containers at the same time (see Figure 4 );

[0067] A plurality of container truck 400 loading and unloading areas, a running channel 200 and a railway crossing 210 are arranged between the two running rails 304 under the quay crane 300, which are used for connecting the container truck 400 between the quay crane 300 and the yard 80 for direct loading and unloading operations of the container truck 400; or for realizing direct loading and unloading operations of the container truck of the road-water combined transport;

[0068] At least one railway loading and unloading line 700 is set in the space from the landside track 304b of the quay crane 20 to the fixed yard 80, and the parallel quay line runs through the loading and unloading area longitudinally. The railway loading and unloading line 700 is used to park railway vehicles 710 for transporting containers. When the railway vehicles 710 and the road container trucks 400 at the front of the wharf are operating at the same time, they cross the railway crossing 210 on the front road horizontally without stopping the vehicles, and provide a walking passage 210 between the loading and unloading area of ​​the quay crane 300 and the fixed yard 80 for the container trucks 400.

[0069] Multiple railway loading and unloading lines 700 can be used to park multiple trains of vehicles 710, and multiple trains of vehicles can be used for continuous operations of direct pickup of containers from vehicles and ships. One train of vehicles is performing loading and unloading operations, and another train of vehicles that has completed loading and unloading exchanges empty and loaded vehicles with the station (yard). The two loading and unloading lines 711 and 712 alternately replace empty and loaded vehicles to meet the continuous loading and unloading operations of direct pickup of containers from vehicles and ships. Multiple trains of vehicles can be used for continuous operations of direct pickup of containers from vehicles and ships, or for alternating transportation of containers entering and leaving the port.

[0070] Multiple railway loading and unloading lines 700 can be used to park multiple trains of vehicles 710, and multiple trains of vehicles can be used for the operation of subassembling and loading containers in the railway direction in the direct pickup operation of containers from ships and vehicles. The trains 711 to 714 of each track 701 to 704 define a transportation direction, and the vehicles 710 of different railway tracks 700 are loaded with containers of different transportation directions. The containers unloaded from the ship by the quay crane 300 are directly loaded into the vehicles 710 of the track 700 with the same transportation direction through the handover yard 500 and the gantry crane 600. After the containers in the same direction are loaded on the vehicles in the same track, they can be formed into a direct train in the same direction without being assembled at the port station, and directly depart for trunk transportation.

[0071] Multiple railway loading and unloading lines 700 can be used to park multiple trains of vehicles 710, and multiple trains of vehicles 710 can be used for the classification and loading of railway containers in the direct pickup operation of container ships. The trains of each track define a container type to meet different needs in railway transportation. The railway transportation requirements of dry cargo containers, bulk cargo containers, liquid containers, refrigerated containers, insulated containers, and dangerous goods containers are different (for example, the refrigerator needs to be powered during the transportation of refrigerated containers). Vehicles 710 on different railway tracks 700 are loaded with different types of containers 100, and the same track is loaded with the same type of containers. The containers unloaded from the ship by the quay crane 300 are directly loaded into the vehicles of the track with the same transportation type through the handover yard 500 and the gantry crane 600. After the containers in the same direction are loaded on the vehicles 710 on the same track, they can be formed into a direct train of containers of the same type without being assembled at the station.

[0072] A front delivery yard 500 is provided along the lower longitudinal direction of the rear cantilever 302 on the land side of the quay crane parallel to the shoreline. The delivery yard 500 is provided between the land side running rail 304b of the quay crane and the gantry crane rail 604a, or between a plurality of railway loading and unloading lines 700. The delivery yard 500 can be provided below the rear cantilever 302 of the quay crane between the railway loading and unloading line 700 and the quay crane 304a (see FIG. Figure 1 ), or it may be arranged under the rear cantilever 302 of the quay crane between the multiple railway loading and unloading lines 702 and 703 (see Figure 2). The entire area of ​​the handover yard 500 is within the loading and unloading operation range of the rear cantilever 302 of the quay crane. The handover yard 500 is provided with handover container positions with no less than one row (e.g., rows a, b, and c) and no less than one layer. The handover yard 500 is used for the handover between the rear cantilever 302 and the railway loading and unloading line gantry crane 600 during the continuous loading and unloading operation of the quay crane 300 in the container handover yard 500, or for the temporary stacking of containers while waiting for the arrival of the ship 10 or the railway vehicle 710 to the loading and unloading line 700 for a short time. When the terminal railway vehicle 710 and the road container truck 200 are operating at the same time, the handover yard 500 is not arranged at the front road where it crosses the railway crossing 210 horizontally.

[0073] The transfer yard is divided longitudinally by berth arrangement (for example: Figure 3 , Figure 4 Area A, Area B, Area C) are used for temporary stacking of railway unloading and ship loading at the corresponding ship berth 21. Containers ready for loading are set up in the handover yard area 500A, 500B, 500C around the berth, which can be loaded quickly and efficiently.

[0074] The handover yard 500 is grouped and arranged into zones 500a, 500b, and 500c according to the transverse railway transportation direction, and is used for temporary parking of containers grouped according to the railway direction during the process of ship unloading and railway loading;

[0075] The handover yard 500 is divided into zones 500A, 500B, and 500C according to the longitudinal railway transport container type grouping, which is used for temporary parking of containers grouped by container type during the process of ship unloading and railway loading and unloading. The yard is equipped with an external power supply for refrigerated container refrigerators. The handover yard is used for temporary stacking of containers during the process of direct handover between vehicle and ship loading and unloading equipment;

[0076] When the terminal railway vehicle 710 and the road container truck 400 are operating at the same time, they cross the railway crossing 210 horizontally on the front road, do not arrange the handover yard 500, do not stop the railway vehicle 710, and provide a walking passage from the front quay crane 300 loading and unloading area of ​​the container truck 400 to the fixed yard 80.

[0077] All container spaces of the handover yard 500 are located within the loading and unloading operation range of the rear cantilever 302 of the quay crane, and are used for temporary parking of containers or handover with the gantry crane 600 when the quay crane 300 is loading and unloading the container ship 10. All container spaces of the handover yard 500 are located within the loading and unloading operation range of the gantry crane 600 of the railway loading and unloading line 700, and are used for temporary parking of containers or handover with the quay crane 300 when the gantry crane 600 is loading and unloading, or for handover of containers between different gantry cranes 600.

[0078] A longitudinally movable gantry crane 600 and a running track 604 parallel to the shoreline and running through the loading and unloading area are arranged within the span of the handover yard 500 and the railway loading and unloading line 700. The gantry crane 600 is used to load and unload containers 100 of railway vehicles 710 within the loading and unloading span range, and to exchange containers with the quay crane 300 at the container exchange point of the handover yard 500. Multiple gantry cranes 600 and running tracks 604 spanning the handover yard 500 and the railway loading and unloading line 700 can be arranged in parallel; multiple gantry cranes 600 can operate on one track line 604a-604b or 604c-604d, or on multiple parallel track lines 604, for multiple loading and unloading lines 700 or multiple quay cranes 300 to operate simultaneously, and multiple gantry cranes 600 can exchange containers with each other at the handover yard 500. The lateral lifting and moving operation area of ​​the gantry crane 600 partially overlaps with the lateral lifting and moving operation area of ​​the rear cantilever 302 of the quay crane, and also overlaps with the moving operation area of ​​the adjacent gantry crane 600 running in parallel, and both lifting areas cover the handover yard 500; the gantry crane 600 completely covers the railway loading and unloading line 700. When operating in parallel, the structures between the gantry cranes 600 and the rear cantilever 302 of the quay crane are arranged in a staggered manner, and there is no spatial conflict between the fixed equipment structures during the loading and unloading operation, and the container crane equipment in the operation area is equipped with anti-collision devices 900.

[0079] Multiple gantry cranes 600 can be arranged in the same running track 604. The gantry cranes 600 divide virtual operation areas according to the operation length, and the operation areas are partially intersected. Multiple gantry cranes 600 can serve one quay crane 300, or can serve multiple quay cranes 300 to operate simultaneously. When the distance of the gantry crane 600 to transport the container exceeds the designated operation range of the gantry crane 600, the adjacent gantry cranes 600 can relay the transportation through the handover yard 500.

[0080] Multiple sets of gantry crane running rails 604 can be arranged in parallel at the same dock front 20, and multiple gantry cranes 600 can be arranged in each set of running rails 604. Each set of gantry cranes 600 is divided into operating areas according to loading and unloading lines 700, and the operating areas are partially intersecting. Multiple gantry cranes 600 can serve one loading and unloading line 700, or can serve multiple loading and unloading lines 700 at the same time. When the gantry crane 600 horizontally transports the container and the transportation distance exceeds the operating range of the gantry crane 600, the parallel adjacent gantry cranes 600 can be used for relay transportation through the handover yard.

[0081] The total horizontal width of the number of handover yards, gantry crane tracks, and railway loading and unloading lines arranged at the front of the wharf is twice the length of the rear cantilever of the quay crane. The operating length of the rear cantilever of the quay crane is between 15 and 40 meters, and the width of the railway loading and unloading area that can be arranged is 30 to 80 meters. A maximum of 5 rows of handover yards, two rows of gantry crane tracks, and 10 to 14 railway loading and unloading lines can be arranged.

[0082] The present invention is a multimodal transport port solution, which includes a road container truck and ship direct transport mode to form a multimodal transport content. Since the waterway and road combined transport ship direct operation mode is a mature technical process, although it is a component of this project, it will not be described in detail in this article. However, it is within the scope of the system composition, functions and operation process included in this project to realize the ship, road and railway ship direct loading and unloading operations at a dock at the same time.

[0083] The present invention also discloses a method for direct loading and unloading of iron-water combined transport vehicles and ships at the front of a container terminal.

[0084] The process of unloading and loading a ship includes the following steps:

[0085] The transport vessel delivers the container loading manifest to the port container management system. The port container management system exchanges information with the railway container management system based on the container loading manifest and formulates the ship unloading and truck loading plan;

[0086] The railway container management system issues instructions to empty railway vehicles, controlling the empty railway vehicles to drive to the railway loading and unloading line at the front of the terminal;

[0087] When the container transport ship arrives at the designated port terminal berth, when the arrival time of the loaded ship and the empty truck can match, the first crane grabs the container from the ship and lifts it to the first crane according to the operation plan of the port container management system, and then unloads it to the delivery yard with the cantilever;

[0088] The second crane runs to the corresponding delivery container position in the delivery yard, grabs the container on the delivery yard and transports it to the corresponding railway vehicle on the railway loading and unloading line for loading, and repeats this cycle until the railway vehicle is full, and controls the railway vehicle to drive out of the railway loading and unloading line;

[0089] The unloading and loading process includes the following steps:

[0090] When the railway vehicles loaded with containers arrive at the adjacent station of the port, they submit the railway container vehicle marshaling sequence and the loaded container numbers to the port railway container management system; when the container transport ship arrives at the designated port terminal berth, the transport ship submits the container loading manifest to the port container management system. The port container management system exchanges container information with the railway container management system based on the ship loading manifest and formulates unloading and loading plans;

[0091] Railway vehicles loaded with containers travel from the station to the railway loading and unloading line at the front of the wharf according to the instructions issued by the railway container management system;

[0092] When the arrival times of the loaded vehicle and the empty vessel match, the second crane will lift the container loaded on the railway vehicle and transfer it directly to the handover yard after moving;

[0093] The first crane continues to lift the container at the corresponding handover yard and runs to the corresponding ship. After the ship unloads the container, the first crane returns and the cantilever waits for the next container to continue loading the ship; this cycle continues until the railway vehicle is unloaded and the railway vehicle is controlled to drive out of the railway loading and unloading line.

[0094] Furthermore, multiple second cranes operating on the same second crane running track are divided into two groups according to the scope of the operating area or the number of second cranes operating synchronously; when the longitudinal running range required by the container exceeds the longitudinal operating area set by a second crane, it is longitudinally relayed to the planned location by at least one second crane.

[0095] When two second cranes relay longitudinally, one second crane places the container at the handover yard in the overlapping area of ​​the two second cranes' operations, for the other second crane to take away and run longitudinally, thus realizing the longitudinal relay of the two second cranes.

[0096] Furthermore, when the arrival time of the loaded ship and the empty car cannot be matched, and the unloading cannot be stopped, the first crane continues to unload the ship, the first crane unloads the container from the ship to the handover yard, the second crane lifts the container in the handover yard, and transfers the containers to be loaded to the planned container positions in the handover yard according to the longitudinal partition for temporary storage. After the empty car to be matched arrives, the second crane sequentially lifts the containers temporarily stored in the handover yard from the temporary container positions and transfers them to the matching railway vehicles;

[0097] When the arrival time of the loaded vehicle and the empty ship cannot match, the second crane continues to unload the vehicle and unloads the containers from the railway vehicle to the handover yard. The second crane transfers the containers to be unloaded to the planned container spaces in the longitudinal container spaces of the handover yard according to the longitudinal partition of the first crane's position for temporary storage. After the matching empty ship arrives, the first crane will sequentially lift the containers temporarily stored in the handover yard from the temporary container spaces and transfer them to the container ship for unloading and loading.

[0098] Further, according to the operation plan of the port container management system, the first crane unloads the container loaded on the ship onto the container truck on the container truck lane, and the container truck enters the fixed yard or the highway intermodal transport channel along the container truck lane;

[0099] According to the operation plan of the port container management system, the first crane lifts the container on the container truck from the road intermodal transport channel or fixed yard to the container truck lane, grabs the iron-water intermodal container from the ship and lifts it to the container ship, and the container truck drives out of the front of the terminal, and the cycle continues until the road container is transported to the destination and loaded on board.

[0100] Described below are several specific embodiments of the three-dimensional continuous loading and unloading method for directly taking containers from vehicles and ships of the present invention.

[0101] Embodiment 1

[0102] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 This embodiment takes a railway loading and unloading line as an example to illustrate the ship unloading and railway loading and direct vehicle-to-ship operation process. The steps are as follows:

[0103] (1) According to the operation plan, the quay crane 300 unloads the intermodal container from the multimodal yard to the container truck 400 on the lane 200, and the container truck drives out of the front of the wharf along the road; the iron-water intermodal container is grabbed and lifted from the ship to the rear cantilever 302 of the quay crane and unloaded to the delivery container position of the delivery yard 500.

[0104] (2) When the arrival time of the ship and the train matches, the gantry crane 600 moves to the transfer position, lifts the container, and directly transfers it to the railway vehicle 710 through longitudinal movement and lateral displacement. This cycle is repeated until the railway vehicle is full and the railway locomotive pulls the vehicle train 710 out of the railway loading and unloading line 700.

[0105] The operation areas of multiple gantry cranes 600 running on the same track 604 need to be divided to prevent operation conflicts. The division of labor can be based on the operation scope or the number of gantry cranes 600 operating simultaneously. In order to achieve container handover, the operation areas are partially overlapped. For example, the left area of ​​the rear cantilever 302a of the quay crane is undertaken by the gantry crane 600a for loading, and the right area is undertaken by the gantry crane 600b for loading and unloading operations. The two gantry cranes have overlapping operation areas in the rear cantilever 302 area of ​​the quay crane.

[0106] Since the railway train is a long train set (a train length can reach a kilometer), when the running range of the container unloaded from the ship and loaded on the truck exceeds the set operating area of ​​a gantry crane, multiple gantry cranes can be used to relay the transportation. For example, the container unloaded by the rear cantilever 302a of the quay crane at the handover yard 500 is relayed by the gantry crane 600b along the railway loading and unloading line 700 to the right railway vehicle 710, and the container 100 is put down at the handover point of the handover yard 500 in the overlapping operation area of ​​the gantry cranes 600b and 600c, and the gantry crane 600c lifts the container 100 at the handover point and continues to transport it to the right along the railway loading and unloading line to the predetermined railway vehicle 710 position for loading.

[0107] (3) When the empty railway vehicle 710 has not yet arrived at the loading and unloading line during the waiting process of the railway heavy vehicle pulling out the empty vehicle and pushing the empty heavy vehicle to exchange, or the arrival time of the railway vehicle 710 does not match the short-term capacity of the container ship 10, and the unloading cannot be stopped, the quay crane 300 continues to unload the ship. The quay crane 300 unloads the container from the ship 10 to the delivery yard 500, and the gantry crane 600 lifts the container 100 in the delivery yard 500 under the cantilever of the quay crane, and transfers the container to be loaded to the planned longitudinal container positions (500a, 500b, 500c) of the delivery yard 500 according to the longitudinal division for temporary storage. After the railway vehicle 710 arrives, the containers temporarily stored in the delivery yard 500 are sequentially lifted from the temporary container positions and transferred to the railway vehicle 710.

[0108] (4) After all containers have been loaded onto the train, the traction locomotive will tow the train to the nearest station for marshalling or directly depart from the loading and unloading line.

[0109] (5) Highway container trucks and railway trains can complete the transfer of cargo tickets and physical goods without stopping at port inspection checkpoints through electronic information collection.

[0110] (6) Container ships 10a and 10b can be berthed at the front berths 21a and 21b of the wharf at the same time for loading and unloading operations. The quay cranes 300a and 300b can be used to load and unload different ships at the same time, or to load and unload one of the bow ships at the same time. The gantry cranes 600a, 600b, 600c, and 600d can be flexibly divided into operating areas as needed. All containers can be transferred to a truck by one quay crane, or multiple quay cranes can be used to transfer containers to a truck. The ship 10, the quay crane 300, and the gantry crane 600 can be flexibly arranged and combined according to the operation plan to unload ships and load railway vehicles 710.

[0111] Embodiment 2

[0112] See also Figure 2 and Figure 4 This embodiment takes two railway loading and unloading lines as an example, but is not limited to two lines, and describes the basic ship unloading and railway loading and direct vehicle-to-ship continuous operation process. The steps are as follows:

[0113] The contents of the ship and railway information planning and dispatching in the foregoing embodiment and the combination arrangement and matching of ships, quay cranes and gantry cranes in the latter embodiment are the same as those in the aforementioned embodiment 1 and will not be described again.

[0114] (1) Empty Railway Container Carriage According to the instructions issued by the railway container transportation management system, the station uses a railway locomotive to transport the empty railway car 711 to the railway loading and unloading line 701 under the gantry crane 600.

[0115] (2) The quay crane 300 unloads the intermodal container from the multimodal yard to the container truck 400 on the lane 200 according to the operation plan, and the container truck drives out of the front of the wharf along the road;

[0116] The quay crane 300 grabs and lifts the iron-water intermodal container from the ship and transports it to the quay crane, and then the cantilever 302 unloads it to the delivery container position of the delivery yard 500.

[0117] (3) The gantry crane 600 moves to the container transfer position 500, lifts the container, and directly transfers it to the railway vehicle 711 on the railway loading and unloading line 701 through longitudinal movement and lateral displacement. This cycle is repeated until the railway vehicle is full and the railway locomotive pulls the vehicle train 711 out of the railway loading and unloading line 701.

[0118] (4) During the loading process of the railway vehicle 711 on the railway loading line 701, the railway locomotive delivers an empty railway vehicle train 712 to the railway loading line 702. The gantry crane 600 moves to the container transfer position 500, lifts the container, and directly transfers it to the railway vehicle 712 on the railway loading and unloading line 702 through longitudinal movement and lateral displacement. This cycle is repeated until the railway vehicle is fully loaded, and the railway locomotive pulls the vehicle train 712 with loaded vehicles to drive out of the railway loading and unloading line 702.

[0119] (5) During the loading process of railway vehicles 712 on railway loading line 702, the railway locomotive delivers a train of empty railway vehicles 711 to railway loading line 701. According to the process cycle of items (3) and (4), the continuous unloading and loading operation of the ship and the railway vehicle is realized.

[0120] (6) After all containers have been loaded onto the train, the traction locomotive will tow the train to the nearest station for marshaling or directly depart from the loading and unloading line.

[0121] Embodiment 3

[0122] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 This embodiment takes a railway loading and unloading line as an example to illustrate the basic railway unloading ship loading ship direct vehicle-to-ship operation process, the steps are as follows:

[0123] (1) The station uses a railway locomotive to deliver the railway container-loaded heavy vehicle 710 to the railway loading and unloading line 700 under the gantry crane 600.

[0124] (2) When the train arrives at the time that matches the ship, the gantry crane 600 lifts the container loaded on the railway vehicle 710, runs to the container transfer position 500, and directly transfers it to the container transfer position of the transfer yard 500 under the rear cantilever 302 of the quay crane through longitudinal movement and lateral displacement. The quay crane 300 continues to lift the container at the container transfer position of the transfer yard 500, and the quay crane trolley and hoist 304 run toward the ship 10, unloading the container from the ship 10, completing the one-hook loading operation, and the quay crane trolley is put back to the rear cantilever to wait for the next container to continue loading. The gantry crane 600 cycles in this way until the railway vehicle is unloaded and the empty vehicle 710 of the railway locomotive traction vehicle train drives out of the railway loading and unloading line 700.

[0125] The operation areas of multiple gantry cranes 600 need to be divided to prevent operation conflicts. The division of labor can be based on the operation scope or the number of gantry cranes 600 operating simultaneously. In order to achieve container handover, the operation areas are partially overlapped. For example, the left area of ​​the rear cantilever 302a of the quay crane is undertaken by the gantry crane 600a for loading, and the right area is undertaken by the gantry crane 600b for loading and unloading operations. The two gantry cranes have overlapping operation areas in the rear cantilever 302 area of ​​the quay crane.

[0126] Since the railway train is a long train set (a train length can reach a kilometer), when the running range of the container to be unloaded and loaded onto a ship exceeds the set operating area of ​​a gantry crane, multiple gantry cranes can be used to relay the transportation. For example, the gantry crane 600c lifts the container in the railway vehicle 710 on the right side of the middle of the railway loading and unloading line 700 and transports it to the left side of the quay crane rear cantilever 302a, and puts down the container 100 at the handover position in the handover yard 500B area where the operations of the gantry cranes 600b and 600c overlap. The gantry crane 600b lifts the container 100 at the handover point and continues to transport it to the left along the railway loading and unloading line 700 to the predetermined handover position in the handover yard 500 under the rear cantilever 302a of the quay crane for unloading. The quay crane trolley lifts the handover container at the handover position and moves it horizontally to the container ship 10 to unload the container, and the unloading and loading of the container is completed.

[0127] (3) According to the operation plan, the water-road combined transport container truck or the internal container truck 400 drives along the road to the front of the wharf and is transported along the lane 200 to the bottom of the quay crane. The quay crane trolley lifts the loaded container on the container truck 400 and transports it to the container ship 10 for unloading. The unloading and loading of the container truck is completed.

[0128] (4) When the arrival time of the railway vehicle 710 is different from the arrival or preparation of the container ship 10, and the short-term capacity does not match, and the unloading cannot be stopped, the gantry crane 600 continues to unload the container from the railway vehicle 710 to the delivery yard 500. The gantry crane 600 transfers the container to be unloaded to the planned longitudinal container positions (500A, 500B, 500C) of the delivery yard 500 according to the longitudinal division of the quay crane position for temporary storage. After the ship arrives, the containers temporarily stored in the delivery yard 500 are sequentially lifted from the temporary container positions and transferred to the delivery yard 500 under the rear cantilever 302 of the quay crane for unloading. The quay crane trolley lifts the container at the delivery yard under the rear cantilever 302 of the quay crane and transports it to the container ship for unloading and loading.

[0129] (5) After all containers in the train are unloaded, the traction locomotive will tow the empty train to the nearest station for marshalling and then depart or depart directly from the loading and unloading line.

[0130] (6) Through electronic information collection at port inspection checkpoints, road container trucks and railway trains can complete the handover of inbound container tickets and physical goods without stopping.

[0131] (7) Container ships 10a and 10b can be berthed at the front berths 21a and 21b of the wharf at the same time for loading operations. The quay cranes 300a and 300b can load different ships at the same time, or multiple quay cranes 300 can load one of the bow ships at the same time. The gantry cranes 600a, 600b, 600c, and 600d can flexibly divide the operation area as needed. All containers can be transferred to the ship by one quay crane, or multiple quay cranes can be used to transfer containers to the ship. The ship 10, the quay crane 300, and the gantry crane 600 can be flexibly arranged and combined according to the operation plan to unload the railway vehicle 710 and load the ship.

[0132] Embodiment 4

[0133] See also Figure 2 and Figure 4 This embodiment takes two railway loading and unloading lines as an example, but is not limited to two lines. The basic railway unloading and ship loading and ship-to-ship continuous operation process is described in detail. The steps are as follows:

[0134] The contents of the ship and railway information planning and dispatching in the preceding part of this embodiment as well as the combination arrangement and matching of ships, quay cranes and gantry cranes in the following part are the same as those in the aforementioned embodiment 3 and will not be described again.

[0135] (1) According to the instructions issued by the railway container transportation management system, the railway station uses a railway locomotive to deliver the railway vehicle 711 to the railway loading and unloading line 701 under the gantry crane 600.

[0136] (2) The gantry crane 600 moves to the railway vehicle 711 on the railway loading and unloading line 701, lifts the container, and directly transfers it to the delivery container position of the delivery yard 500 under the rear cantilever 302 of the quay crane through longitudinal movement and lateral displacement, and then the quay crane trolley lifts the container at the delivery container position and transports it to the container ship 10. This cycle is repeated until the railway vehicle is unloaded, and the railway locomotive pulls the empty vehicle train 711 out of the railway loading and unloading line 701.

[0137] (3) The quay crane trolley lifts the container on the container truck 400 from the water-road transport or the yard 80 to the lane 200 according to the operation plan, and grabs and lifts the iron-water transport container from the ship to the container ship 10. The container truck 400 drives out of the front of the wharf along the road and returns to the yard to continue loading containers. This cycle continues until the road container is transported to the destination and loaded on the ship.

[0138] (4) During the unloading process of the railway vehicle 711 on the railway loading line 701, the railway locomotive sends a train of railway vehicles 712 loaded with heavy vehicles to the railway loading and unloading line 702. The gantry crane 600 moves to the top of the vehicle, lifts the container, and directly transfers it to the handover container position under the rear cantilever 302 of the quay crane through longitudinal movement and lateral displacement for unloading. The quay crane trolley lifts the container at the handover container position and transports it to the container ship 10, unloads the container, and returns to the rear cantilever of the quay crane to wait for subsequent containers. This cycle is repeated until all the railway vehicles 712 on the railway loading and unloading line 702 are unloaded, and the railway locomotive pulls the vehicle train 712 to drive out of the railway loading and unloading line 702 empty.

[0139] (5) During the unloading process of the railway vehicle 712 on the railway loading and unloading line 702, the railway locomotive delivers a train of heavy railway vehicles 711 to the railway loading line 701. According to the process cycle of items (3) and (4), the continuous vehicle-to-ship direct loading and unloading operation of the ship and the railway vehicle is realized.

[0140] (6) After the loading and unloading of containers on the entire train is completed, the traction locomotive will tow the empty train to the nearest port station for marshaling and then depart or depart directly from the loading and unloading line.

[0141] Embodiment 5

[0142] See also Figure 2 and Figure 4 This embodiment describes the operation method of parallel arranged gantry cranes, and its operation method is the same as that of the fourth embodiment, except that more ships and quay cranes can operate simultaneously.

[0143] exist Figure 1 , Figure 3In the operation process, when there are multiple ships and multiple quay cranes operating at the same time, the number of gantry cranes and the number of railway loading and unloading lines cannot meet the operation requirements, and the gantry cranes may conflict with each other in the target path of container transportation. In order to undertake the simultaneous loading and unloading operations of multiple ships and multiple quay cranes, in addition to the optimization of information systems and control systems, it is also necessary to configure sufficient railway loading and unloading lines, gantry cranes and handover yards. Figure 3 , Figure 4 A row of gantry crane tracks 604c, 604d and gantry cranes 600e, 600f, 600g and 600h are added, the handover yard is arranged between the two rows of gantry crane tracks, and the added railway loading and unloading line is arranged under the span of the gantry crane.

[0144] Embodiment 6

[0145] The present invention describes the process of unloading and loading a ship in simultaneous operation:

[0146] The ship 10a is unloaded by the quay crane 300a, and the gantry cranes 600a, 600b, 600c, and 600d continuously load the railway vehicles 711 and 712 at the railway loading and unloading lines 701 and 702. The loading process is the same as that of Example 3 (basic ship unloading and railway loading and vehicle-ship direct continuous operation process (taking two-line railway loading and unloading lines as an example, but not limited to two-line) Figure 2 , Figure 4 )same.

[0147] (1) Empty Railway Container Carriage According to the instructions issued by the railway container transportation management system, the station uses a railway locomotive to transport the empty railway car 711 to the railway loading and unloading line 701 under the gantry crane 600.

[0148] (2) According to the operation plan, the quay crane 300 grabs and lifts the iron-water intermodal container from the ship and transports it to the quay crane rear cantilever 302 to unload it to the delivery container position of the delivery yard 500.

[0149] (3) The gantry crane 600 moves to the container transfer position, lifts the container, and directly transfers it to the railway vehicle 711 on the railway loading and unloading line 701 through longitudinal movement and lateral displacement. This cycle is repeated until the railway vehicle is full and the railway locomotive pulls the vehicle train 711 out of the railway loading and unloading line 701.

[0150] (4) During the loading process of the railway vehicle 711 on the railway loading line 701, the railway locomotive delivers an empty railway vehicle train 712 to the railway loading line 702. The gantry crane 600 moves to the container transfer position, lifts the container, and directly transfers it to the railway vehicle 712 on the railway loading and unloading line 702 through longitudinal movement and lateral displacement. This cycle is repeated until the railway vehicle is fully loaded, and the railway locomotive pulls the vehicle train 712 with loaded vehicles to drive out of the railway loading and unloading line 702.

[0151] (5) During the loading process of railway vehicles 712 on railway loading line 702, the railway locomotive delivers a train of empty railway vehicles 711 to railway loading line 701. According to the process cycle of items (3) and (4), the continuous unloading and loading operation of the ship and the railway vehicle is realized.

[0152] (6) After all containers have been loaded onto the train, the traction locomotive will tow the train to the nearest station for marshaling or directly depart from the loading and unloading line.

[0153] (7) The operation combination of the above-mentioned operation and unloading equipment gantry cranes 600a~600h, railway loading and unloading lines 701~704, railway vehicles 711~714, and quay cranes 300, 300b is not limited, and the port management system dispatches and mobilizes the operation process of each equipment according to the optimal path planning.

[0154] Embodiment 7

[0155] The present invention describes the process of unloading and loading a ship in simultaneous operation:

[0156] The ship 10b is loaded by the quay crane 300b, and the gantry cranes 600e, 600f, 600g, and 600h continuously unload the railway vehicles 713 and 714 at the railway loading and unloading lines 703 and 704. The unloading process is the same as the above-mentioned basic railway unloading and ship loading and unloading continuous operation process (taking two railway loading and unloading lines as an example, but not limited to two railway loading and unloading lines). Figure 1 , Figure 2 ) is the same. It’s just that the ship, quay crane, gantry crane and railway loading and unloading line are another group of equipment, but the process is the same.

[0157] (1) According to the instructions issued by the railway container transportation management system, the railway station uses a railway locomotive to deliver the railway vehicle 713 to the railway loading and unloading line 703 under the gantry crane 600e~600h.

[0158] (2) The gantry cranes 600e-600h move to the railway vehicle 713 on the railway loading and unloading line 703 to lift the container, and directly transfer it to the delivery container position 500 under the rear cantilever 302b of the quay crane through longitudinal movement and lateral displacement for unloading. The quay crane trolley lifts the container at the delivery container position and transports it to the container ship 10b. This cycle is repeated until the railway vehicle is unloaded, and the railway locomotive pulls the empty vehicle train 713 out of the railway loading and unloading line 703.

[0159] (3) During the unloading process of railway vehicle 713 on railway loading line 703, the railway locomotive delivers a train of railway vehicles 714 loaded with heavy vehicles to railway loading and unloading line 704. Gantry cranes 600e-600h move to the top of the vehicle, lift the container, and directly transfer it to the handover container position under the rear cantilever 302b of the quay crane through longitudinal movement and lateral displacement for unloading. The quay crane trolley lifts the container at the handover container position and transports it to the container ship 10b, unloads the container, and returns to the rear cantilever of the quay crane to wait for subsequent containers. This cycle is repeated until all railway vehicles 714 on railway loading and unloading line 704 are unloaded, and the railway locomotive pulls the vehicle train 714 to drive out of the railway loading and unloading line 704 empty.

[0160] (5) During the unloading process of the railway vehicle 714 on the railway loading and unloading line 704, the railway locomotive delivers a train of heavy railway vehicles 713 to the railway loading line 703. According to the process cycle of items (3) and (4), the continuous vehicle-to-ship direct loading and unloading operation of the ship and the railway vehicle is realized.

[0161] (6) After the loading and unloading of containers on the entire train is completed, the traction locomotive will tow the empty train to the adjacent station for marshaling and then depart, or depart directly from the loading and unloading line.

[0162] (7) The operation combination of the above-mentioned operation and unloading equipment gantry cranes 600a~600h, railway loading and unloading lines 701~704, railway vehicles 711~714, and quay cranes 300, 300b is not limited, and the port management system dispatches and mobilizes the operation process of each equipment according to the optimal path planning.

[0163] Embodiment 8

[0164] See also Figure 2 , Figure 4 The steps of the arrangement and combination of simultaneous loading and unloading between the quay crane and the gantry crane of the present invention are as follows:

[0165] (1) Gantry cranes 600a-600h continuously unload vehicles at railway loading and unloading lines 701-704 and vehicles 711-714 simultaneously, and cooperate with quay cranes 300a and 300b to continuously load ships 10a and 10b simultaneously. The port management system dispatches the operation process of each gantry crane 600 according to the optimal path planning based on the unloading and loading plan and the direction of the container.

[0166] (2) The quay cranes 300a and 300b unload the ships 10a and 10b simultaneously, and the gantry cranes 600a-600h cooperate with the railway loading and unloading lines 701-704 and the vehicles 711-714 to continuously load the containers. Alternatively, the port management system dispatches the operation process of each gantry crane 600 according to the optimal path planning based on the unloading and loading plan and the container transportation direction.

[0167] (3) Gantry cranes 600a, 600b, 600e, and 600f simultaneously unload vehicles on the left side of the railway loading and unloading lines 701-704 and the left side of vehicles 711-714, and cooperate with the quay crane 300a to load the ship 10a;

[0168] Gantry cranes 600c, 600d, 600g, and 600h simultaneously unload vehicles on the right side of railway loading and unloading lines 701-704 and vehicles 711-714, and cooperate with quay crane 300b to load ship 10b;

[0169] (4) The quay crane 300a unloads the ship 10a, and the gantry cranes 600a, 600b, 600e, and 600f simultaneously load vehicles continuously on the left side of the railway loading and unloading lines 701-704 and the left side of the vehicles 711-714;

[0170] The quay crane 300b unloads the ship 10b, and the gantry cranes 600c, 600d, 600g, and 600h simultaneously continuously load vehicles on the right side of the railway loading and unloading lines 701-704 and the right side of the vehicles 711-714;

[0171] According to the unloading and loading plan and the direction of the container, the port management system dispatches and mobilizes the operation process of each gantry crane 600a~600h and quay crane 300a, 300b according to the optimal path planning.

[0172] Also, due to the method of fixed railway vehicles, fixed quay cranes, and gantry cranes and quay cranes handing over containers for loading and unloading containers, the entire length of the railway loading and unloading line can be used by railway vehicles for loading and unloading containers. (That is, a 400m railway loading and unloading line can hold 400m railway vehicles for loading and unloading containers)

[0173] Due to the adoption of a handover yard under the rear cantilever of the quay crane, more railway loading and unloading lines can be arranged, and more gantry cranes can be arranged in parallel. It is possible to implement continuous operations of multiple quay cranes loading and unloading one ship, and multiple quay cranes loading and unloading multiple ships at the same time. It is also possible to implement multiple gantry cranes loading and unloading railway vehicle containers on one track at the same time, and multiple gantry cranes loading and unloading containers on railway vehicles on multiple tracks at the same time.

[0174] Traditionally, there are only 1-2 railway loading and unloading lines for direct access to vehicles and ships at the front of the wharf. Under the condition of simultaneous direct access by water and road, 3-6 railway loading and unloading lines can be arranged under the rear cantilever (15-30m). In the new solution, the total lateral width of the number of handover yards, gantry crane tracks, and railway loading and unloading lines arranged at the front of the wharf is twice the length of the rear cantilever of the quay crane. The rear cantilever of the quay crane is generally between 15 and 30m long, and the railway loading and unloading area that can be arranged is 30-60m wide. A maximum of 5 rows of handover yards, two rows of gantry crane tracks, and 4-10 railway loading and unloading lines can be arranged. (See Figure 2 , Figure 4 )

[0175] A railway loading and unloading line and a handover yard are set up on the land side of the quay crane in front of the wharf. A longitudinally movable gantry crane is installed above the railway loading and unloading line and the handover yard. Containers delivered laterally by the quay crane are received at the handover position at the rear end of the quay crane cantilever. The containers are loaded into railway vehicles through longitudinal movement to improve the efficiency of direct loading and unloading of containers from vehicles to ships.

[0176] This system solution not only reduces the horizontal transportation of container trucks, but also solves the problem of direct pickup when vehicles and ships are mismatched in a short period of time. It also effectively solves the travel distance and loading and unloading efficiency of the quay crane, solves the limitations of direct container transshipment, greatly improves operating efficiency, and realizes truly efficient and seamless connection of rail-water transport.

[0177] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A container terminal front-line iron-water combined transport vehicle-ship direct loading and unloading operation system, comprising a port terminal, a railway loading and unloading line extending to the front of the terminal and parallel to the shoreline, and a first crane for loading and unloading containers on the ship at the shore, characterized in that: It also includes a railway container management system, a port container management system, a handover yard, and a second crane for loading and unloading containers on the railway loading and unloading line. The horizontal lifting and moving operation areas of the first crane and the second crane both cover the handover yard; There is at least one railway loading and unloading line, and the railway loading and unloading line, the handover yard, and the second crane are located on the land side of the first crane. The handover yard is located below the rear cantilever of the first crane. A second crane running track parallel to the shoreline is also provided on the land side of the first crane, and the lateral lifting and moving operation area of ​​the second crane completely covers the railway loading and unloading line; The handover yard is divided into zones according to the berth arrangement in the longitudinal direction and is used for temporary stacking of railway unloading and ship loading corresponding to the ship berth; The handover yard is divided into groups and zones according to the transverse railway transportation direction, and is used for temporary parking of containers grouped according to the railway direction during the process of ship unloading and railway loading; The handover yard is arranged and zoned according to the longitudinal railway transport container types, and is used for temporary parking of containers grouped by container type during the process of ship unloading and railway loading and unloading; Empty railway vehicles travel from the station to the railway loading and unloading line at the front of the wharf according to the instructions issued by the railway container management system; When a container transport ship arrives at a designated port terminal berth, and when there is a railway vehicle on the railway loading and unloading line that matches the container information on the ship, the first crane grabs the container from the ship and lifts it to the first crane according to the operation plan of the port container management system, and then unloads it to the delivery yard with a cantilever; The second crane moves to the corresponding delivery container position in the delivery yard, grabs the container on the delivery yard and transports it to the corresponding railway vehicle on the railway loading and unloading line for loading, and repeats this cycle until the railway vehicle is full, and controls the railway vehicle to drive out of the railway loading and unloading line; Railway vehicles loaded with containers travel from the station to the railway loading and unloading line at the front of the wharf according to the instructions issued by the railway container management system; When there is a match between the container information of a ship and a railway vehicle at the front berth, the second crane will lift the container loaded on the railway vehicle and directly transfer it to the handover yard after moving it; The first crane continues to lift the container at the corresponding handover yard and moves to the corresponding ship. After the ship unloads the container, the first crane returns and the cantilever waits for the next container to continue loading the ship. This cycle continues until the railway vehicle is unloaded and the railway vehicle is controlled to drive out of the railway loading and unloading line. When there is no railway vehicle on the railway loading and unloading line that matches the container information on the ship, and the unloading cannot be stopped, the first crane continues to unload the ship. The first crane unloads the container from the ship to the handover yard, and the second crane lifts the container in the handover yard and transfers the containers to be loaded to the planned container positions in the handover yard according to the longitudinal partition for temporary storage. After the railway vehicle to be matched arrives, the second crane sequentially lifts the containers temporarily stored in the handover yard from the temporary container positions and transfers them to the matching railway vehicle; When there is no ship at the front berth that matches the container information loaded by the railway vehicle, the second crane continues to unload the container and unloads the container from the railway vehicle to the handover yard. The second crane transfers the container to be unloaded to the planned container space in the longitudinal container space of the handover yard according to the longitudinal partition of the first crane's position for temporary storage. After the arrival of the matching ship, the first crane sequentially lifts the containers temporarily stored in the handover yard from the temporary container space and transfers them to the container ship for unloading and loading. Or after the arrival of the matching ship, the second crane sequentially lifts the containers temporarily stored in the handover yard from the temporary container space and transfers them to the handover yard under the rear cantilever of the quay crane for unloading. The first crane lifts the container at the handover yard under the rear cantilever of the quay crane and transports it to the container ship for unloading and loading.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The delivery yard is parallel to the shoreline in the longitudinal direction and has at least one row and at least one layer of delivery container positions in the horizontal direction.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are at least two railway loading and unloading lines, which are located on the land side of the first crane. The delivery yard is arranged between the railway loading and unloading lines. The delivery yard is located below the rear cantilever of the first crane. A second crane and a second crane running track are respectively arranged on both sides of the delivery yard, and the second crane running track is parallel to the shoreline; at least one second crane is arranged on both sides of each delivery yard.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a fixed yard and container trucks. A container truck lane parallel to the first crane's running track is provided in the loading and unloading area of ​​the first crane below the first crane. The container truck lane is connected to the fixed yard or road transport channel to realize the container truck and container ship direct loading and unloading operations between the first crane and the fixed yard, or to realize the vehicle-ship direct loading and unloading operations of road container trucks in water-road combined transport.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear cantilever of the first crane is arranged in a staggered manner with the second crane, and both the first crane and the second crane in the loading and unloading operation area are equipped with anti-collision devices.

6. A method for direct loading and unloading of iron-water combined transport vehicles and ships at the front of a container terminal, characterized in that: The container terminal front-end iron-water combined transport vehicle-ship direct loading and unloading operation system as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted; The process of unloading and loading a ship includes the following steps: Empty railway vehicles travel from the station to the railway loading and unloading line at the front of the wharf according to the instructions issued by the railway container management system; When a container transport ship arrives at a designated port terminal berth, and when there is a railway vehicle on the railway loading and unloading line that matches the container information on the ship, the first crane grabs the container from the ship and lifts it to the first crane according to the operation plan of the port container management system, and then unloads it to the delivery yard with a cantilever; The second crane moves to the corresponding delivery container position in the delivery yard, grabs the container on the delivery yard and transports it to the corresponding railway vehicle on the railway loading and unloading line for loading, and repeats this cycle until the railway vehicle is full, and controls the railway vehicle to drive out of the railway loading and unloading line; The unloading and loading process includes the following steps: Railway vehicles loaded with containers travel from the station to the railway loading and unloading line at the front of the wharf according to the instructions issued by the railway container management system; When there is a match between the container information of a ship and a railway vehicle at the front berth, the second crane will lift the container loaded on the railway vehicle and directly transfer it to the handover yard after moving it; The first crane continues to lift the container at the corresponding handover yard and moves to the corresponding ship. After the ship unloads the container, the first crane returns and the cantilever waits for the next container to continue loading the ship. This cycle continues until the railway vehicle is unloaded and the railway vehicle is controlled to drive out of the railway loading and unloading line. When there is no railway vehicle on the railway loading and unloading line that matches the container information on the ship, and the unloading cannot be stopped, the first crane continues to unload the ship. The first crane unloads the container from the ship to the handover yard, and the second crane lifts the container in the handover yard and transfers the containers to be loaded to the planned container positions in the handover yard according to the longitudinal partition for temporary storage. After the railway vehicle to be matched arrives, the second crane sequentially lifts the containers temporarily stored in the handover yard from the temporary container positions and transfers them to the matching railway vehicle; When there is no ship at the front berth that matches the container information loaded by the railway vehicle, the second crane continues to unload the container and unloads the container from the railway vehicle to the handover yard. The second crane transfers the container to be unloaded to the planned container space in the longitudinal container space of the handover yard according to the longitudinal partition of the first crane's position for temporary storage. After the arrival of the matching ship, the first crane sequentially lifts the containers temporarily stored in the handover yard from the temporary container space and transfers them to the container ship for unloading and loading. Or after the arrival of the matching ship, the second crane sequentially lifts the containers temporarily stored in the handover yard from the temporary container space and transfers them to the handover yard under the rear cantilever of the quay crane for unloading. The first crane lifts the container at the handover yard under the rear cantilever of the quay crane and transports it to the container ship for unloading and loading.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Multiple second cranes running on the same second crane running track are divided into two groups according to the scope of the operating area or the number of second cranes operating synchronously; when the required longitudinal running range of the container exceeds the longitudinal operating area set by a second crane, it is longitudinally relayed to the planned location by at least one second crane.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: According to the operation plan of the port container management system, the first crane unloads the containers loaded on the ship onto the container trucks on the container truck lane, and the container trucks enter the fixed yard or the highway intermodal transport channel along the container truck lane; According to the operation plan of the port container management system, the first crane lifts the container on the container truck from the road intermodal transport channel or fixed yard to the container truck lane, grabs the iron-water intermodal container from the ship and lifts it to the container ship, and the container truck drives out of the front of the terminal, and the cycle continues until the road container is transported to the destination and loaded on board.

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