Hole detection and correction equipment and detection and correction methods

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of mechanical processing, and specifically relates to hole detection and correction equipment and detection and correction methods. It includes detection equipment, straightening equipment, detection method, and straightening method. When the equipment moves relative to the reference part, the detection part moves around the fulcrum, and the straightness of the hole is obtained from the light spot and its change information. The magnitude of the force of the special force adder is related to the error of the hole axis. The minimum inclusion area method or the least squares method or the two end point connection method or the moment of inertia method is used to calculate the straightness of the hole. The steps of the moment of inertia method include: establishing a coordinate system OXYZ; assigning mass and rigidification to the measuring points; calculating the moment of inertia, product of inertia, inertia matrix and its diagonal matrix, and the main inertia coordinate system O′X′Y′Z′ of the rigid body; and projecting to calculate the straightness. The steps of the straightening method include: calculating the straightness of the hole; applying force for straightening; and repeating the detection and application of force. The present invention adopts the principle of optical magnification, which reduces the error caused by the rotation of the detection part around its own axis, has low friction, and can be used for large and small diameter holes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of mechanical processing, and in particular relates to hole detection and correction equipment and a detection and correction method. Background Art

[0002] Relevant literature in the machinery industry describes algorithms for evaluating straightness errors. Commonly used methods include the minimum enclosing area method, the two-point line method, and the least squares method. These methods are often used to evaluate the straightness of the axis of a hole or deep hole. Factories also employ various approximate methods, such as using ultrasonic thickness gauges to measure the wall thickness of deep holes to estimate whether they are skewed. However, this method does have inherent errors.

[0003] Straighteners are commonly used to correct the straightness of wires such as steel wire. Some companies produce pipe straightening equipment with straightening and rounding wheels arranged in both vertical and horizontal directions, using two planes to round and straighten the pipe. Each pipe has two sets of rounding wheels. Pipe straightening is generally based on the outer diameter of the pipe, rarely on the inner bore. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a mechanical device that can detect the straightness of inner holes and straighten hole parts based on the inner holes, and provide detection and straightening methods to improve the detection and straightening accuracy of holes, which is suitable for workpieces with large diameter holes and small diameter holes.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical innovations.

[0006] 1. Hole detection and correction equipment includes detection equipment and straightening equipment, which are characterized in that: the detection equipment has a reference part, a driving part, a detection part, an optical part, and an operation and display part; the human hand or the driving part causes the workpiece with a hole or the detection part to move relative to the reference part; the device where the detection part is located in the hole has parts in contact with the hole wall or there is an air film between the detection part and the hole wall; the detection part can move in space around the fulcrum; the light and light spot of the optical part can change with the movement of the workpiece with a hole or the detection part; the light emitting device of the optical part is located inside or outside the hole; the optical part and the detection part are located on one side or both sides of the fulcrum; the designed light position is theoretically coaxial or non-coaxial with the center line of the hole of the workpiece with a hole, and the operation and display part calculates and displays the light spot position information or Its changes or information after its transformation; the fulcrum can be inside or outside the hole; the detection part adopts a symmetrical structure or an asymmetrical structure; the detection part is integral or split; the workpiece with a hole is placed vertically or horizontally; the workpiece with a hole is clamped and driven by a chuck on a bevel gear or a pulley; or, the workpiece with a hole is not clamped and driven by a chuck on a bevel gear or a pulley; there are one or more special force adders on the straightening equipment; the straightness error or other form and position error of the hole axis is measured before force is applied; the magnitude of the force applied by each special force adder is related to the straightness error or other form and position error of the hole axis; there is a heating device or there is no heating device; one of the output contents of the operation display part is the hole straightness error obtained by using the minimum enclosing area method or the least squares method or the two end point connection method or the moment of inertia method.

[0007] 2. The detection method of hole detection and correction equipment includes a detection device, which is characterized in that the detection device has a reference part, a driving part, a detection part, an optical part, and an operation and display part; a human hand or a driving part causes the workpiece with a hole or the detection part to move relative to the reference part; the device of the detection part located in the hole has a part in contact with the hole wall or an air film exists between the detection part and the hole wall; the detection part can move in space around a fulcrum; the light and the light spot of the optical part can change with the movement of the workpiece with a hole or the detection part; the light emitting device of the optical part is located inside or outside the hole; the optical part and the detection part are located on one side or both sides of the fulcrum; the designed light position is consistent with the workpiece with a hole The center lines of the holes of the workpiece are theoretically coaxial or non-coaxial, and the calculation and display part calculates the light spot position information and displays the light spot position or its change or the transformed information; the fulcrum can be inside or outside the hole; the detection part adopts a symmetrical structure or an asymmetrical structure; the detection part is integral or split; the workpiece with a hole is placed vertically or horizontally; the workpiece with a hole is clamped and driven by a chuck on a bevel gear or a pulley; or the workpiece with a hole is not clamped and driven by a chuck on a bevel gear or a pulley; the hole axis straightness assessment method is the minimum enclosing area method, the least squares method, the two end point connection method or the method of inertia; the steps of the moment of inertia method are:

[0008] First, establish the coordinate system OXYZ on the testing equipment, with the Z axis aligned with the hole axis.

[0009] Second, obtain the spot coordinate X corresponding to the measured point i and Y i , and the Z corresponding to the measuring point i coordinate;

[0010] Third, the coordinates (X i , Y i , Z i ) gives mass m i , and connect each point with a lightweight rod, ignoring the mass of the lightweight rod, and treat the above points and the lightweight rod as rigid bodies;

[0011] Fourth, calculate the moment of inertia and product of inertia of the rigid body relative to the X, Y, and Z coordinate axes. Constructing the inertia matrix

[0012] Fifth, by finding the eigenvector Using the special value method, the inertia matrix is diagonalized to form a diagonal matrix;

[0013]

[0014] Fifth, through transformation, the new coordinate system O′X′Y′Z′ corresponding to the diagonal matrix is obtained; it becomes the principal inertial coordinate system;

[0015] Seventh, the coordinates (X i , Y i , Z i ) is projected onto the X′O′Y′ plane of the coordinate system O′X′Y′Z′, and we obtain

[0016] The new coordinate (X′ i , Y′ i , 0);

[0017] Eighth, find the smallest circle that contains each projection point in the X′O′Y′ plane, and use its diameter to find the straightness of the hole axis.

[0018] 3. The correction method of hole detection and correction equipment includes detection equipment, straightening equipment and straightening method, which is characterized in that: the detection equipment has a reference part, a driving part, a detection part, an optical part and an operation and display part; a human hand or a driving part causes the workpiece with a hole or the detection part to move relative to the reference part; the device of the detection part located in the hole has parts in contact with the hole wall or there is an air film between the detection part and the hole wall; the detection part can move in space around the fulcrum; the light and light spot of the optical part can change with the movement of the workpiece with a hole or the detection part; the light emitting device of the optical part is located inside or outside the hole; the optical part and the detection part are located on one side or both sides of the fulcrum; the designed light position is theoretically coaxial or non-coaxial with the center line of the hole of the workpiece with a hole, and the operation and display part calculates the light spot position information, displays the light spot position or its change or its transformed information; the fulcrum can be inside or outside the hole; the detection part adopts a symmetrical structure or an asymmetrical structure; the detection part is integral or split; the workpiece with a hole is placed vertically or horizontally; the workpiece with a hole is supported by a bevel gear or a pulley the chuck clamps and drives the workpiece with a hole; or the workpiece with a hole is not clamped and driven by the chuck on the bevel gear or pulley; one or more special force boosters are distributed on the straightening equipment; the error of the hole axis is measured before force is applied; the magnitude of the force applied by each special force booster is related to the magnitude of the error of the hole axis; the steps of the straightening method are as follows: first, the driving device, human hand or chuck moves the workpiece with a hole or the detection part relative to the reference part, and the detection part rotates around the fulcrum due to the deviation of various parts of the hole from the ideal position, that is, the existence of errors; the light and light spot of the optical part change with the movement of the detection part; the reading part displays the position of the light spot or its transformed information; the method for evaluating the straightness of the hole axis is the minimum enclosing area method, the least squares method, the two end point connection method or the method of inertia; second, the special force booster is used to apply force to straighten the workpiece with a hole, and the magnitude of the force applied by each special force booster is related to the magnitude of the error of the hole axis; the method used can be cold straightening or hot straightening; third, when necessary, the workpiece with a hole or the force booster is moved, and the detection or force application is repeated; there is a heating device or there is no heating device.

[0019] 4. The hole detection and correction equipment and the detection and correction method according to technical innovation point 1, 2 or 3 are characterized in that: the reference part has a guide body; the driving part has a driving body; the detection part has a detection rod and a detection head; the detection head is a device located in the hole, in contact with the hole wall or with an air film between the hole wall and the hole wall; the optical part has a light emitting device, a light, and a light receiving device; the operation and display part includes an operator and a display; the detection head is located on the detection rod, and when the human hand or the driving part drives the detection part or the workpiece with a hole to move along the guide body, the detection rod moves in space around the fulcrum with the change of the hole and the change of the detection head relative to the reference part; the emitted light is directed to the light receiving device; the change in the position of the detection rod causes the position of the light spot on the light emitting device, the light and the light receiving device to change; the display reflects the position of the light spot or its change or the transformed information, and the operator is an independent device or is made into one with the display.

[0020] 5. The hole detection and correction equipment and the detection and correction method according to technical innovation point 1, 2 or 3 are characterized in that: when the optical part and the detection part are located on the same side of the fulcrum, the change of the light spot is greater than the change of the detection head; when the optical part and the detection part are respectively located on both sides of the fulcrum, and the distance from the light receiving device to the fulcrum is greater than the distance from the detection head to the fulcrum, the change of the light spot is greater than the change of the detection head; the light receiving device has a cover; the information after the light spot position is transformed is the straightness, verticality, parallelism or inclination of the hole.

[0021] 6. The hole detection and correction equipment and the detection and correction method according to technical innovation point 1, 2 or 3 are characterized in that: the detection part automatically adapts to the change of the hole diameter; there is a gap adjustment device or no gap adjustment device at the fulcrum, the fulcrum is a ball pair or ball bearing, or other structure, and the other structure can make the detection part swing or rotate around the fulcrum.

[0022] 7. The hole detection and correction equipment and the detection and correction method according to technical innovation point 1, 2 or 3 are characterized in that the guide body of the reference part is a machine tool guide rail or other guiding object, and the driving body of the driving part is a machine tool slide or other object; the optical displacement detection device or the mechanical displacement detection device detects the movement distance of the workpiece with a hole or the detection part relative to the reference part; the split detection part can be disassembled and can be assembled into a whole after disassembly.

[0023] 8. The hole detection and correction equipment and the detection and correction method according to technical innovation point 1, 2 or 3 are characterized in that when the detection rod is separated from the workpiece with a hole, the buffer located below it naturally droops; the buffer has a spring or elastic material or magnetic material, or pressurized gas is passed between the buffer and the detection rod, and the gas acts on the detection rod.

[0024] 9. The hole detection and correction equipment and detection and correction method according to technical innovation point 1, 2, or 3 are characterized in that the detection rod of the detection part has no hole or has a hole; the detection head is in line contact or surface contact with the hole wall; the detection head is in contact with the inner wall of the hole along a 360-degree range, or in unilateral contact, or at other angles less than 360 degrees; in the case where the detection head contacts the hole wall, there is dry friction, boundary friction, mixed friction, fluid lubrication, or pressurized oil mist flowing out of the radial hole on the detection head; in the case where gas flows through the inner hole of the detection rod, the inner hole of the workpiece, or other air passage in the hole, the detection head has different sizes along the axis of the hole, the detection head and the hole wall of the workpiece to be detected form one or more annular wedge-shaped spaces, and a plurality of inclined holes are distributed along the circumference of the detection head. Pressurized gas flows into the inner hole of the detection rod or other air passage in the hole and enters the inclined hole on the detection head, forming an air film between the detection head and the hole wall. When the gas flows out of the inclined hole, the flow direction is from the large gap in the wedge-shaped space to the small gap in the wedge-shaped space.

[0025] 10. The hole detection and correction equipment and the detection and correction method according to technical innovation point 1, 2 or 3 are characterized in that the pressure of the air film formed between the detection head and the hole wall decreases as the hole diameter becomes larger and increases as the hole diameter becomes smaller; the gas pressure between the input buffer and the detection rod is adjusted with the air film pressure; the fulcrum can be located on a fixed object or on a support, and the detection rod has only one rotational degree of freedom relative to the support; the support is rotatable relative to the reference part and has only one rotational degree of freedom.

[0026] The present invention will be further described below.

[0027] 1. The guide body of the reference part is error-free. When the workpiece with a hole is moving and the detection part is stationary, the distance between the light emitting device and the photosensor remains fixed during the detection process, and the light spot is stable. This eliminates the adverse effects of changes in the light spot center caused by changes in the distance of the light source. Therefore, the present invention has high detection accuracy.

[0028] 2. Theoretically, the light beam can be positioned at or outside the hole center. However, designing the light beam coaxially with the hole centerline is a preferred option to avoid or minimize the adverse effects of rotation of the optical component relative to the hole. The following example illustrates this: Assume the hole axis is perfectly straight—that is, the hole axis is an absolutely perfect straight line. However, during the inspection process, if the light beam rotates a certain angle relative to the hole, the light spot position will shift. This change in light spot position can easily be interpreted as a result of bending of the hole axis, leading to misjudgment. Therefore, the light beam is designed to be positioned at the center of the hole.

[0029] 3. The variation of the light spot can be greater than the radial variation of the probe head. This allows the straightness error of the hole to be clearly displayed. Sometimes, to enhance the magnification effect, the fulcrum can be designed to enter the hole.

[0030] 4. When the probe contacts the hole with a full circle or larger than a semicircle, use existing automatic expansion methods (such as elastic deformation, conical surface movement, etc.) to enable the probe to automatically adapt to changes in hole diameter. This method can measure the straightness of the hole axis.

[0031] 5. When the detection head works unilaterally (for example, the detection head contacts the hole wall on one side), the workpiece with a hole can also be straightened by using the change of the light spot.

[0032] 7. When the detection part is separated from the workpiece with a hole, it contacts the buffer to avoid damage or deformation of the detection part.

[0033] 8. An optical displacement detection device (such as a laser rangefinder) or a mechanical displacement detection device detects the distance traveled by the workpiece with a hole or the detection portion relative to the reference portion, facilitating the determination of the coordinate position and quality status of each hole section.

[0034] 9. In order to allow the detection rod to swing in space, a ball pair or ball bearing is used. Other structures can also be used. For example, the end of the detection rod close to the fulcrum is located in the square cavity and has two rotational degrees of freedom in the square cavity.

[0035] 10. Pressurized gas flows into the inner hole of the detection rod and the inclined hole on the detection head. An air film is formed between the detection head and the hole wall. When the gas flows out of the inclined hole, the flow direction is from the large gap in the wedge-shaped space to the small gap in the wedge-shaped space. The following discusses the situation where the fluid flows through the cone in the hole: 1) Forward cone: The fluid flows from the large gap to the small gap, which has an automatic centering effect. The fluid will adjust the eccentricity of the cone so that it is automatically positioned in the center of the hole. 2) Inverted cone: The fluid flows from the small gap to the large gap, which has an automatic clamping effect. The fluid will increase the eccentricity of the cone. For the above principles, please refer to the textbook "Hydraulic Transmission and Control" (4th edition) edited by Shen Xingquan, Chapter 3 "Basics of Hydraulic Fluid Mechanics", Section 4 "Pressure and Flow Characteristics of Orifices and Gaps", and Page 42 "Hydraulic Clamping Phenomenon". In the present invention, the forward cone principle is adopted, and the force of the gas is used to make the detection head automatically positioned in the center of the measured hole under the action of the gas.

[0036] 11. The pressure of the air film formed between the probe head and the hole wall decreases as the hole diameter increases and increases as the hole diameter decreases. The air pressure between the input buffer and the probe rod adjusts with the air film pressure. For example, when the air film pressure decreases, the control method used in the prior art increases the air pressure between the input buffer and the probe rod, exerting an upward force on the probe rod, keeping it in the correct position.

[0037] 12. The fulcrum can be located on a fixed object or on a rotatable support. In this case, the fulcrum has only one rotational degree of freedom relative to the support, while the support is rotatable relative to the reference part, with only one rotational degree of freedom. With this structure, the probe rod has no rotational degree of freedom, preventing errors caused by the probe rod rotating around its own axis during the detection process.

[0038] 13. The movement of the workpiece with a hole can be translation or rotation.

[0039] 14. When the probe head contacts the hole wall, there is dry friction, boundary friction, mixed friction or fluid lubrication between the probe head and the hole wall, or pressurized oil mist flows out from the radial hole on the probe head to play a lubricating role. At the same time, it gives the probe head an upward buoyancy, reducing the force of the probe head on the hole wall, reducing friction and reducing scratches.

[0040] 15. The force applied to the workpiece at one or more locations is determined by the computer according to the algorithm based on the straightness error or other forms of error of the hole axis.

[0041] 16. A chuck on a bevel gear or pulley clamps the workpiece or rotates it.

[0042] 17. A scheme is proposed to calculate the moment of inertia, product of inertia, principal axes of inertia, principal inertia coordinate system, and then evaluate the hole axis error. It can be used as a supplement to the minimum enclosing area method, the two end point method, and the least squares method, as well as a means of comparison, verification, and validation for the detection of hole axis straightness.

[0043] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) During the detection process, the distance between the light emitting device and the photosensor can be fixed, and the light spot is stable, eliminating the adverse effects of the change in the center of the light spot caused by the change in the distance of the light source. (2) The change in the light spot can be greater than the radial change in the probe head, which has the effect of amplifying errors and high resolution. Therefore, the present invention has high accuracy. (3) In one embodiment, the displacement of the probe head is equal to the displacement of the light emitting device, that is, the adverse effects caused by the deformation of the probe rod are not significant. In addition, the designed light position is located at the center of the hole, that is, coaxial with the center line of the hole, which can avoid or reduce the adverse effects caused by the rotation of the optical part relative to the workpiece with the hole. (4) It is not necessary to place the dial indicator or micrometer into the hole during measurement, so small diameter holes can be measured. (5) In one embodiment, the probe head has only two degrees of freedom of rotation, and the probe head has no degree of freedom of rotation around its own axis, which can also prevent measurement errors caused by the rotation of the probe head around its own axis. (6) The principle of the cone is adopted, and the force of the gas is used to automatically position the probe head at the center of the measured hole. (7) The light receiving device has a cover, and the detection is less interfered by external light. (8) Air pressure oil mist lubrication, small friction and wear. (9) A scheme for evaluating hole axis error based on moment of inertia is proposed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a hole detection and correction equipment and a detection and correction method for a bevel gear or pulley.

[0045] Figure 2 The diagram is a schematic diagram of a hole detection and correction equipment in which the optical part and the detection part are located on both sides of the fulcrum and the detection and correction method.

[0046] Figure 3 The diagram is a schematic diagram of a hole detection and correction equipment in which the optical part and the detection part are located on one side of the fulcrum and the detection and correction method.

[0047] In the figure: 1-workpiece with hole, 2-driving body, 3-guide body, 4-detection rod, 5-detection head, 6-operation display part, 7-light receiving device, 8-light, 9-light emitting device, 10-fulcrum, 11-support, 12-inner hole of detection rod, 13-oblique hole, 14-wedge-shaped gap, 15-buffer, 16-conical gear or pulley, 17-chuck. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the specific embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0049] Specific implementation of the detection head: the detection head contacts the inner wall of the hole along a 360-degree range or contacts within a range less than 360 degrees; or, the detection head does not directly contact the hole wall, and there is pressurized gas between the two.

[0050] Specific implementation method of the detection rod: the detection rod has a hole or no hole.

[0051] Fulcrum implementation method: The fulcrum is connected to a fixed object or to a rotatable object (e.g., a support).

[0052] Detection part implementation method: integral or split.

[0053] Force adding mode: one-point force adding, two-point force adding, multi-point force adding.

[0054] When the moment of inertia method is used to evaluate hole straightness, the Z axis, X axis or Y axis of the detection equipment coordinate system is consistent with the direction of the hole axis.

Claims

1. A method for detecting and correcting a hole by means of a hole detection and correction device, characterized in that: The straightness error of the hole axis is measured by optically measuring the coordinates of the light spot projected on the hole wall. The hole axis straightness evaluation method is the moment of inertia method. The steps of the moment of inertia method are as follows: First, establish the coordinate system OXYZ on the testing equipment, with the Z axis aligned with the hole axis. Second, obtain the spot coordinate X corresponding to the measured point i and Y i , and the Z corresponding to the measuring point i coordinate; Third, the coordinates (X i , Y i , Z i ) is assigned mass mi, and each measured point is connected by a lightweight rod. The mass of the lightweight rod is ignored, and the above-mentioned measured points and the lightweight rod are treated as rigid bodies; Fourth, calculate the moment of inertia and product of inertia of the rigid body relative to the X, Y, and Z coordinate axes. Fifth, by finding the eigenvectors and eigenvalues, the inertia matrix is diagonalized to form a diagonal matrix; Sixth, through transformation, the new coordinate system O′X′Y′Z′ corresponding to the diagonal matrix is obtained; it becomes the principal inertial coordinate system; Seventh, the coordinates (X i , Y i , Z i ) is projected onto the X′O′Y′ plane of the coordinate system O′X′Y′Z′ to obtain the new coordinates (X′ i , Y i ′, 0); Eighth, find the smallest circle that contains each projection point in the X′O′Y′ plane, and use its diameter to find the straightness of the hole axis.

2. The method for detecting and correcting a hole according to claim 1, wherein: The steps of the straightening method are: first, a driving device, a human hand or a chuck moves the workpiece with a hole or the detection part relative to the reference part; the light and the light spot of the optical part change with the movement of the detection part; the straightness of the hole axis is evaluated by the moment of inertia method based on the position of the light spot displayed on the reading part or the information after its transformation; second, the force adder is used to straighten the workpiece with a hole, and the magnitude of the force applied by each force adder is related to the error magnitude of the hole axis; the methods used are cold straightening or hot straightening; third, the workpiece with a hole or the force adder is moved, and the detection or force application is repeated; there is a heating device or there is no heating device.

3. The method for detecting and correcting a hole according to claim 2, wherein: The method includes hole detection and correction equipment, which includes detection equipment and correction equipment to measure the straightness error of the hole axis; the size of the force applied by each force adder is related to the size of the error of the hole axis; the detection equipment has a reference part, a driving part, a detection part, an optical part, and an operation and display part; a human hand or a driving part causes the workpiece with a hole or the detection part to move relative to the reference part; the device where the detection part is located in the hole has a part in contact with the hole wall or an air film exists between the detection part and the hole wall; the light and light spot of the optical part can change with the movement of the workpiece with a hole or the detection part; the light emitting device of the optical part is located inside or outside the hole; the optical part and the detection part are located on one side or both sides of the fulcrum; the designed light position is aligned with the center line of the hole of the workpiece with a hole Theoretically, they are coaxial or non-coaxial, and the calculation and display part calculates the light spot position information, displays the light spot position or its change or its transformed information; the fulcrum can be inside or outside the hole; the detection part adopts a symmetrical structure or an asymmetrical structure; the detection part is integral or split; the workpiece with a hole is placed vertically or horizontally; the workpiece with a hole is clamped and driven by a chuck on a bevel gear or a pulley; or, the workpiece with a hole is not clamped and driven by a chuck on a bevel gear or a pulley; there are one or more force adders on the straightening equipment; the error of the hole axis is measured before force is applied; the magnitude of the force applied by each force adder is related to the error of the hole axis; there is a heating device or no heating device; one of the output contents of the calculation and display part is the hole straightness error obtained by the moment of inertia method.

4. The method for detecting and correcting a hole according to claim 3, wherein: The reference part has a guide body; the driving part has a driving body; the detection part has a detection rod and a detection head; the detection head is a device located in the hole, in contact with the hole wall or with an air film between the hole wall and the hole wall; the optical part has a light emitting device, a light, and a light receiving device; the operation and display part includes an operator and a display; the detection head is located on the detection rod, and when the human hand or the driving part drives the detection part or the workpiece with a hole to move along the guide body, the detection rod moves in space around the fulcrum as the hole changes; the emitted light is directed to the light receiving device; the change in the position of the detection rod causes the position of the light spot on the light emitting device, the light and the light receiving device to change; the display reflects the position of the light spot or its change or the transformed information, and the operator is an independent device or is made into one with the display.

5. The method for detecting and correcting a hole according to claim 3, wherein: When the optical part and the detection part are located on the same side of the fulcrum, the variation of the light spot is greater than the variation of the detection head; when the optical part and the detection part are located on both sides of the fulcrum respectively, and the distance from the light receiving device to the fulcrum is greater than the distance from the detection head to the fulcrum, the variation of the light spot is greater than the variation of the detection head; the light receiving device has a cover; the information after the light spot position is transformed is the straightness of the hole.

6. The method for detecting and correcting a hole according to claim 3, wherein: The detection part automatically adapts to the change of the aperture; the fulcrum has a gap adjustment device or no gap adjustment device, the fulcrum is a ball pair or a ball bearing, or other structures, and the other structures can make the detection part swing or rotate around the fulcrum.

7. The method for detecting and correcting a hole according to claim 3, wherein: The guide body of the reference part is a machine tool guide rail or other guiding object, and the driving body of the driving part is a machine tool slide or other object; the optical displacement detection device or the mechanical displacement detection device detects the moving distance of the perforated workpiece or the detection part relative to the reference part; the split detection part can be disassembled and can be assembled into a whole after disassembly.

8. The method for detecting and correcting a hole according to claim 3, wherein: When the detection rod is separated from the workpiece with a hole, the buffer located below it may sag naturally; the buffer is made of spring, elastic material or magnetic material, or pressurized gas is passed between the buffer and the detection rod, and the gas acts on the detection rod.

9. The method for detecting and correcting a hole according to claim 3, wherein: The detection rod of the detection part has no hole or has a hole; the detection head is in line contact or surface contact with the hole wall; the detection head is in contact with the inner wall of the hole along a 360-degree range or unilateral contact or at other angles less than 360 degrees; in the case of contact between the detection head and the hole wall, there is dry friction, boundary friction, mixed friction, fluid lubrication, or pressurized oil mist flowing out of the radial hole on the detection head; in the case of gas flowing through the inner hole of the detection rod or the inner hole of the workpiece or other air duct in the hole, the detection head has different sizes along the axis of the hole, and the detection head and the hole wall of the workpiece to be measured form one or more annular wedge-shaped spaces. There are multiple inclined holes distributed along the circumference of the detection head. Pressurized gas flows into the inner hole of the detection rod or other air duct in the hole, enters the inclined hole on the detection head, and the detection head forms an air film with the hole wall. When the gas flows out of the inclined hole, the flow direction is from the large gap in the wedge-shaped space to the small gap in the wedge space.

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