A high-precision online measurement device and method for equivalent conicity of wheelsets

Abstract

On one hand, the present invention discloses a high-precision online measurement device for equivalent conicity of wheelset, comprising an H-shaped base located on the inner side of the track, a pressure block, a connecting rod located on the outer side of the track, a connecting shaft, a left laser profile sensor, a right laser profile sensor, a trigger device, and left front laser displacement sensors, right front laser displacement sensors, left rear laser displacement sensors, and right rear laser displacement sensors fixed on both sides of the base respectively; the base is relatively fixed to the track through the downward pressure of the pressure block, and the left laser profile sensor and the right laser profile sensor are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the connecting rod by the connecting shaft, and the trigger device is fixed to the middle of one side of the base. The present invention also discloses a high-precision online measurement method for equivalent conicity of wheelset, which realizes the online passing type wheelset equivalent conicity measurement of trains, which is simple and efficient, highly automated, and accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of online detection and measurement of geometric shapes and parameters of rail vehicle wheels, and in particular to a high-precision online measurement device and method for equivalent conicity of wheelsets. Background Art

[0002] The equivalent taper value of the wheelset is an important parameter that affects the wheel-rail contact state of rail vehicles. Therefore, accurate measurement of the equivalent taper value of the wheelset is very important to ensure the safe operation of the train.

[0003] When measuring the equivalent taper of a wheelset, it is necessary to first obtain the tread profile of the two wheels in the wheelset, the inner distance between the two wheels, the inclination angle of the two wheels, and other values, and then use these values ​​to calculate the equivalent taper value of the wheelset. There are two main existing measurement methods: manually operate several different handheld measuring instruments for various parameters of the wheelset to measure the various values ​​of the wheelset, and then input each value into the computer for calculation to obtain the equivalent taper value of the wheelset; when the train is undergoing wheel turning and repair operations, the measuring device of the wheeled lathe is used to measure the various values ​​of the wheelset, and the computer of the wheeled lathe itself calculates to obtain the equivalent taper value of the wheelset. For the calculation of equivalent taper, reference: Wu Ning, Dong Xiaoqing, Lin Fengtao, et al. Calculation and verification of equivalent taper [J]. Railway Locomotives and Rolling Stock, 2013, 33(1): 49-52.

[0004] The existing measurement methods have the following main shortcomings:

[0005] (1) The measurement method using manually operated handheld instruments requires a high level of professionalism on the part of the operator. In addition, due to the influence of human operation factors, it is easy to cause large errors in the measurement data, thus affecting the accuracy of the equivalent taper value measurement.

[0006] (2) The measurement method using manually operated handheld instruments is very inefficient. The train to be tested needs to stay in the maintenance site for a long time, which will slow down the progress of train maintenance and reduce the train utilization rate.

[0007] (3) The method of using the measuring device of the wheel-free lathe to measure the various values ​​of the wheelset. Although the measurement accuracy can be guaranteed and the detection efficiency is higher than that of the handheld instrument measurement, the entire measurement process needs to be carried out when the train is being turned and repaired. The train turning and repair cycle is longer than the equivalent taper detection cycle, which will result in a large number of trains not being inspected in time. If the trains that are not being turned and repaired are put on the wheel-free lathe for measurement, there will be an operation conflict with the trains that need to be turned and repaired, resulting in confusion in the train maintenance operation plan and slowing down the progress of the train maintenance.

[0008] Therefore, how to provide a wheelset equivalent taper measurement method that is convenient, efficient, has high measurement accuracy and can achieve online through-type measurement without the need for train stopping has become an urgent problem that technical personnel in this field need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the shortcomings of the existing wheelset equivalent taper measurement method, the present invention provides a high-precision wheelset equivalent taper online measurement device and method, the technical solution adopted is:

[0010] A high-precision online measurement device for equivalent conicity of a wheelset comprises an H-shaped base (3) located on the inner side of a track (2), a pressing block (4), a connecting rod (401) located on the outer side of the track (2), a connecting shaft (5), a left laser profile sensor (6), a right laser profile sensor (7), a trigger device, and a left front laser displacement sensor (9), a right front laser displacement sensor (10), a left rear laser displacement sensor (11), and a right rear laser displacement sensor (12) respectively fixed on both sides of the base (3); the base (3) is relatively fixed to the track (2) by the downward pressure of the pressing block (4), and the left laser profile sensor (6) and the right laser profile sensor (7) are respectively axially symmetrically fixedly connected to the connecting rod (401) by the connecting shaft (5); and the trigger device is fixed to the middle of one side of the base (3).

[0011] All the above sensors are calibrated using high-precision special measuring tools before installation and fixation. Track (2) is a steel track of various types used in rail transit sites, and track (2) is preferably selected from the track of the straight section of the rail transit site.

[0012] Furthermore, the trigger device is a wheel sensor (8), which turns on the measuring device when the wheel is detected, and turns off the measuring device when the train leaves.

[0013] Furthermore, the elevation angle between the laser emission planes of the left laser profile sensor (6) and the right laser profile sensor (7) and the horizontal plane A of the track (2) is α, the laser emission planes are both deflected toward the center line of the track (2) by x, the deflection angle of the left laser profile sensor (6) is β1, and the deflection angle of the right laser profile sensor (7) is β2.

[0014] Furthermore, the elevation angle between the laser emission line direction of the left front laser displacement sensor (9) and the left rear laser displacement sensor (11) and the horizontal plane A of the track (2) is θ1, and the laser emission line direction is perpendicular to the center line x of the track (2); the elevation angle between the laser emission line direction of the right front laser displacement sensor (10) and the right rear laser displacement sensor (12) and the horizontal plane A of the track (2) is θ2, and the laser emission line direction is perpendicular to the center line x of the track (2).

[0015] Furthermore, the wheel sensor (8) is equidistant from the left front laser displacement sensor (9) and the left rear laser displacement sensor (11) along the center line x of the track (2).

[0016] A high-precision online wheelset equivalent taper measurement method comprises the following steps:

[0017] In the first step, the train to be tested travels along the track (2). When the wheelset (1) of the train to be tested passes the wheel sensor (8), the wheel sensor (8) sends a trigger signal to activate the entire set of measuring devices. The left laser profile sensor (6) continuously collects the outer contour of the left wheel tread of the wheelset (1) to be tested at high speed and obtains multiple sets of data A1. The right laser profile sensor (7) continuously collects the outer contour of the right wheel tread at high speed and obtains multiple sets of data A2. The left front laser displacement sensor (9) measures the distance data L1 between the left front laser displacement sensor (9) itself and the front end of the inner side of the left wheel of the wheelset (1) to be tested. The front laser displacement sensor (10) measures the distance data L2 between the right front laser displacement sensor (10) and the front end of the inner side surface of the right wheel of the train wheelset (1) to be measured, the left rear laser displacement sensor (11) measures the distance data L3 between the left rear laser displacement sensor (11) and the rear end of the inner side surface of the left wheel of the train wheelset (1) to be measured, and the right rear laser displacement sensor (12) measures the distance data L4 between the right rear laser displacement sensor (12) and the rear end of the inner side surface of the right wheel of the train wheelset (1) to be measured; the above-collected L1, L2, L3, L4 data are all input into the measurement computer for subsequent processing.

[0018] In the second step, coordinate correction is performed on L1, L2, L3, and L4 in combination with the known elevation angle values ​​θ1 and θ2, and the average is taken to obtain the inner distance value between the two wheels of the train wheelset (1) to be tested.

[0019] In the third step, coordinate correction processing is performed on L1, L2, L3, and L4 in combination with the known elevation angle values ​​θ1 and θ2, and the offset of the front side of the train wheelset (1) to be tested relative to the center line x of the track (2) and the offset of the rear side of the train wheelset (1) to be tested relative to the center line x of the track (2) are also obtained. By comparing the two sets of offset values, the horizontal deflection angle φ of the train wheelset (1) to be tested relative to the center line x of the track (2) can be calculated.

[0020] The fourth step is to select the best and worst A1 and A2 and take the average to obtain Then according to the horizontal deflection angle φ, the processed By performing correction processing, a high-precision tread profile of the left wheel and the right wheel of the train wheelset (1) to be tested can be obtained, and then combined with the inner distance value between the two wheels of the train wheelset (1) to be tested, the equivalent taper value of the train wheelset (1) to be tested can be calculated.

[0021] The fifth step is to determine the corresponding relationship between the wheelset lateral displacement amplitude and the lateral displacement amount according to the integral of the wheelset rolling circle radius difference, and then calculate the constant C when solving the lateral displacement angle Ψ according to the boundary conditions: that is, the maximum lateral displacement amount corresponding to the lateral displacement amplitude and the sway angle Ψ corresponding to the minimum lateral displacement amount are both 0, and then integrate to determine the function of the sway angle Ψ and the lateral displacement y, and then integrate again to determine the wheelset motion wavelength λ corresponding to the wheelset lateral displacement amplitude, and finally obtain the wheel-rail equivalent taper Tanγ from the formula. The specific process of the calculation method refers to the literature in the background technology.

[0022] In the sixth step, when the train wheelset (1) to be tested leaves the wheel sensor (8), the trigger signal of the wheel sensor (8) disappears, and each sensor suspends the measurement work. When the next train wheelset (1) of the train passes the wheel sensor (8), the measuring device is reactivated and the above-mentioned measurement process is repeated until all the train wheelsets (1) to be tested of the train pass the wheel sensor (8) and the measurement is completed. The measuring computer counts the equivalent taper results of each group of wheelsets stored in the cache and forms a table to be output in the form of printing or data upload. At this point, the online measurement of the equivalent taper of all train wheelsets (1) to be tested is completed.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The measurement accuracy is high. The measurement process can be completed automatically without manual operation on site, thus avoiding errors caused by human factors. The measurement data can be directly printed and viewed or transmitted to the information system, which is concise and clear, and does not require high professionalism of the operator.

[0025] (2) Highly efficient measurement. The measuring device can be installed at the throat track where trains pass frequently. The entire measurement process is online. The train does not need to stop and can be measured immediately. There will be no conflict with train maintenance or turning operations. This greatly improves the measurement efficiency while also improving the efficiency of train maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a high-precision online measurement device for equivalent conicity of wheelsets disclosed in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram from another perspective of a high-precision online measurement device for equivalent conicity of wheelsets disclosed in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the measurement process of a high-precision wheelset equivalent taper online measurement method disclosed in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4The present invention discloses a schematic diagram of the spatial position and angle of the laser emission direction of a high-precision online measurement device for equivalent conicity of wheelsets.

[0030] Figure numerals: 1. wheelset of train to be tested; 2. track; 3. base; 4. pressure block; 5. connecting shaft; 6. left laser profile sensor; 7. right laser profile sensor; 8. wheel sensor; 9. left front laser displacement sensor; 10. right front laser displacement sensor; 11. left rear laser displacement sensor; 12. right rear laser displacement sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a high-precision online measurement device for equivalent conicity of wheelset comprises an H-shaped base 3 located on the inner side of a track 2, a pressure block 4, a connecting rod 401 located on the outer side of the track 2, a connecting shaft 5, a left laser profile sensor 6, a right laser profile sensor 7, and a trigger device, and a left front laser displacement sensor 9, a right front laser displacement sensor 10, a left rear laser displacement sensor 11, and a right rear laser displacement sensor 12 fixed on both sides of the base 3 respectively; the base 3 is relatively fixed to the track 2 by the downward pressure of the pressure block 4, and the left laser profile sensor 6 and the right laser profile sensor 7 on both sides of the connecting rod 401 are axially symmetrically fixed by the connecting shaft 5, and the trigger device is fixed to the middle of one side of the base 3.

[0033] All the above sensors are calibrated with high-precision special measuring tools before installation and fixation. Track 2 is a steel track of various types used in rail transit sites, and Track 2 is preferably selected from the track of the straight section of the rail transit site.

[0034] Furthermore, the trigger device is a wheel sensor 8, which turns on the measuring device when a wheel is detected, and turns off the measuring device when the train leaves.

[0035] Furthermore, the elevation angle between the laser emission planes of the left laser profile sensor 6 and the right laser profile sensor 7 and the horizontal plane A of the track 2 is α, the laser emission planes are both deviated toward the center line of the track 2 by x, the deflection angle of the left laser profile sensor 6 is β1, and the deflection angle of the right laser profile sensor 7 is β2.

[0036] Furthermore, the elevation angle of the laser emission line direction of the left front laser displacement sensor 9 and the left rear laser displacement sensor 11 to the horizontal plane A of the track 2 is θ1, and the laser emission line direction is perpendicular to the center line x of the track 2; the elevation angle of the laser emission line direction of the right front laser displacement sensor 10 and the right rear laser displacement sensor 12 to the horizontal plane A of the track 2 is θ2, and the laser emission line direction is perpendicular to the center line x of the track 2.

[0037] Furthermore, the wheel sensor 8 is equidistant from the left front laser displacement sensor 9 and the left rear laser displacement sensor 11 along the center line x of the track 2 .

[0038] A high-precision online wheelset equivalent taper measurement method comprises the following steps:

[0039] In the first step, the train to be tested travels along the track 2. When the wheelset 1 of the train to be tested passes the wheel sensor 8, the wheel sensor 8 sends a trigger signal to activate the entire set of measuring devices. The left laser profile sensor 6 continuously and rapidly collects the tread profile of the left wheel of the wheelset 1 of the train to be tested and obtains multiple sets of data A1. The right laser profile sensor 7 continuously and rapidly collects the tread profile of the right wheel and obtains multiple sets of data A2. The left front laser displacement sensor 9 measures the distance data L1 between the left front laser displacement sensor 9 and the front end of the inner side of the left wheel of the wheelset 1 of the train to be tested, and the right front laser displacement sensor measures the distance data L2 between the left front laser displacement sensor 9 and the front end of the inner side of the left wheel of the wheelset 1 of the train to be tested. The left side laser displacement sensor 10 measures the distance data L2 between the right front side laser displacement sensor 10 itself and the front end of the inner side surface of the right wheel of the train wheelset 1 to be tested; the left rear side laser displacement sensor 11 measures the distance data L3 between the left rear side laser displacement sensor 11 itself and the rear end of the inner side surface of the left wheel of the train wheelset 1 to be tested; the right rear side laser displacement sensor 12 measures the distance data L4 between the right rear side laser displacement sensor 12 itself and the rear end of the inner side surface of the right wheel of the train wheelset 1 to be tested; the above-collected L1, L2, L3, and L4 data are all input into the measurement computer for subsequent processing.

[0040] In the second step, coordinate correction is performed on L1, L2, L3, and L4 in combination with the known elevation angle values ​​θ1 and θ2, and the average is taken to obtain the inner distance value between the two wheels of the train wheelset 1 to be tested.

[0041] In the third step, coordinate correction processing is performed on L1, L2, L3, and L4 in combination with the known elevation angle values ​​θ1 and θ2, and the offset of the front side of the train wheelset 1 to be tested relative to the center line x of the track 2 and the offset of the rear side of the train wheelset 1 to be tested relative to the center line x of the track 2 are also obtained. By comparing the two sets of offset values, the horizontal deflection angle φ of the train wheelset 1 to be tested relative to the center line x of the track 2 can be calculated.

[0042] The fourth step is to select the best and worst A1 and A2 and take the average to obtain Then according to the horizontal deflection angle φ, the processed By performing correction processing, the high-precision tread profile of the left wheel and the right wheel of the train wheelset 1 to be tested can be obtained. Combined with the inner distance value between the two wheels of the train wheelset 1 to be tested, the equivalent taper value of the train wheelset 1 to be tested can be calculated with high precision through a specific equivalent taper algorithm program.

[0043] The fifth step is to determine the corresponding relationship between the wheelset lateral displacement amplitude and the lateral displacement amount according to the integral of the wheelset rolling circle radius difference, and then calculate the constant C when solving the lateral displacement angle Ψ according to the boundary conditions: that is, the maximum lateral displacement amount corresponding to the lateral displacement amplitude and the sway angle Ψ corresponding to the minimum lateral displacement amount are both 0, and then integrate to determine the function of the sway angle Ψ and the lateral displacement y, and then integrate again to determine the wheelset motion wavelength λ corresponding to the wheelset lateral displacement amplitude, and finally obtain the wheel-rail equivalent taper Tanγ from the formula. The specific process of the calculation method refers to the literature in the background technology.

[0044] The sixth step, when the train wheelset 1 to be tested leaves the wheel sensor 8, the trigger signal of the wheel sensor 8 disappears, and each sensor suspends the measurement work. When the next train wheelset 1 of the train passes the wheel sensor 8, the measuring device is reactivated and the above measurement process is repeated until all the train wheelsets 1 to be tested of the train pass the wheel sensor 8 and the measurement is completed. The measuring computer counts the equivalent taper results of each group of wheelsets stored in the cache and forms a table to be output in the form of printing or data upload. At this point, the online measurement of the equivalent taper of all train wheelsets 1 to be tested is completed.

[0045] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-precision online measurement device for equivalent conicity of wheelsets, characterized in that: The invention comprises an H-shaped base (3) located on the inner side of the track (2), a pressure block (4), a connecting rod (401) located on the outer side of the track (2), a connecting shaft (5), a left laser contour sensor (6), a right laser contour sensor (7), a trigger device, and a left front laser displacement sensor (9), a right front laser displacement sensor (10), a left rear laser displacement sensor (11), and a right rear laser displacement sensor (12) respectively fixed on both sides of the base (3); the base (3) is fixed relative to the track (2) by the downward pressure of the pressure block (4), and the left laser contour sensor (6) and the right laser contour sensor (7) are respectively fixed axially symmetrically by the connecting shaft (5). The trigger device is fixedly connected to both sides of the connecting rod (401), and is fixed to the middle of one side of the base (3); the trigger device is a wheel sensor (8), and when a wheel is detected, the measuring device is turned on, and when the train leaves, the measuring device is turned off; the elevation angle of the laser emission line direction of the left front laser displacement sensor (9) and the left rear laser displacement sensor (11) to the horizontal plane A of the track (2) is θ1, and the laser emission line direction is perpendicular to the center line x of the track (2); the elevation angle of the laser emission line direction of the right front laser displacement sensor (10) and the right rear laser displacement sensor (12) to the horizontal plane A of the track (2) is θ2, and the laser emission line direction is perpendicular to the center line x of the track (2).

2. The high-precision online measurement device for equivalent conicity of wheelsets according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The elevation angle between the laser emission planes of the left laser profile sensor (6) and the right laser profile sensor (7) and the horizontal plane A of the track (2) is α, and the laser emission planes are both deflected toward the center line x of the track (2). The deflection angle of the left laser profile sensor (6) is β1, and the deflection angle of the right laser profile sensor (7) is β2.

3. The high-precision online measurement device for equivalent conicity of wheelsets according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wheel sensor (8) is equidistant from the left front laser displacement sensor (9) and the left rear laser displacement sensor (11) along the center line x of the track (2).

4. A high-precision online wheelset equivalent taper measurement method, using a high-precision wheelset equivalent taper online measurement device as claimed in claim 2, comprising the following steps: In the first step, the train to be tested travels along the track (2). When the wheelset (1) of the train to be tested passes the wheel sensor (8), the wheel sensor (8) sends a trigger signal to activate the entire set of measuring devices. The left laser profile sensor (6) continuously collects the outer contour of the left wheel tread of the wheelset (1) to be tested at high speed and obtains multiple sets of data A1. The right laser profile sensor (7) continuously collects the outer contour of the right wheel tread at high speed and obtains multiple sets of data A2. The left front laser displacement sensor (9) measures the distance data L1 between the left front laser displacement sensor (9) itself and the front end of the inner side of the left wheel of the wheelset (1) to be tested. The front laser displacement sensor (10) measures the distance data L2 between the right front laser displacement sensor (10) and the front end of the inner side surface of the right wheel of the train wheelset (1) to be tested, the left rear laser displacement sensor (11) measures the distance data L3 between the left rear laser displacement sensor (11) and the rear end of the inner side surface of the left wheel of the train wheelset (1) to be tested, and the right rear laser displacement sensor (12) measures the distance data L4 between the right rear laser displacement sensor (12) and the rear end of the inner side surface of the right wheel of the train wheelset (1) to be tested; the L1, L2, L3, L4 data collected above are all input into the measurement computer for subsequent processing; In the second step, coordinate correction is performed on L1, L2, L3, and L4 in combination with the known elevation angle values ​​θ1 and θ2, and the average is taken to obtain the inner distance value between the two wheels of the train wheelset (1) to be tested; In the third step, coordinate correction processing is performed on L1, L2, L3, and L4 in combination with the known elevation angle values ​​θ1 and θ2, and the offset of the front side of the train wheelset (1) to be tested relative to the center line x of the track (2) and the offset of the rear side of the train wheelset (1) to be tested relative to the center line x of the track (2) are also obtained. By comparing the two sets of offset values, the horizontal deflection angle φ of the train wheelset (1) to be tested relative to the center line x of the track (2) can be calculated; The fourth step is to select the best and worst A1 and A2 and take the average to obtain , , and then according to the horizontal deflection angle φ, the processed , By performing correction processing, a high-precision left wheel tread profile and a right wheel tread profile of the train wheelset (1) to be tested can be obtained, and then combined with the inner side distance value between the two wheels of the train wheelset (1) to be tested, an equivalent taper value of the train wheelset (1) to be tested can be calculated; The fifth step is to determine the corresponding relationship between the wheelset lateral displacement amplitude and the lateral displacement amount according to the integral of the wheelset rolling circle radius difference, and then calculate the constant C when solving the lateral displacement angle Ψ according to the boundary conditions: that is, the maximum lateral displacement amount corresponding to the lateral displacement amplitude and the sway angle Ψ corresponding to the minimum lateral displacement amount are both 0. After obtaining the constant C, integrate to determine the function of the sway angle Ψ and the lateral displacement y, and then integrate again to determine the wheelset motion wavelength λ corresponding to the wheelset lateral displacement amplitude, and finally obtain the wheel-rail equivalent taper Tanγ from the formula; In the sixth step, when the train wheelset (1) to be tested leaves the wheel sensor (8), the trigger signal of the wheel sensor (8) disappears, and each sensor suspends the measurement work. When the next train wheelset (1) of the train passes the wheel sensor (8), the measuring device is reactivated and the above-mentioned measurement process is repeated until all the train wheelsets (1) to be tested of the train pass the wheel sensor (8) and the measurement is completed. The measuring computer counts the equivalent taper results of each group of wheelsets stored in the cache and forms a table to be output in the form of printing or data upload. At this point, the online measurement of the equivalent taper of all train wheelsets (1) to be tested is completed.

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