An internal structure of the water-cooled wall of a gasifier

Abstract

The present invention provides an inner structure of a water-cooled wall of a gasifier, which relates to the field of gasifiers and includes an inlet pipe, a water inlet header, a membrane water-cooled wall, a water outlet header, an outlet pipe, a burner water-cooled cover, a slag outlet, a purger and a balance pipe; the membrane water-cooled wall is a tubular cylindrical structure composed of a plurality of water pipes and fins. The inlet pipe is connected from the water inlet nozzle of the gasifier shell to the water inlet header to supply water to the membrane water-cooled wall. The water in each water pipe of the membrane water-cooled wall flows from bottom to top, absorbs the gasification heat and then enters the water outlet header. The water outlet header collects the outlet water. The upper interface of the slag outlet matches the lower necking of the membrane water-cooled wall, and the lower interface of the slag outlet matches the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler; the inner structure of the water-cooled wall of the gasifier provided by the present invention improves the safety and reliability of the gasifier, reduces the number of maintenance times, the slag outlet adopts a refractory brick form, effectively insulates heat, is conducive to slag discharge, and can be precisely matched with the radiant waste heat boiler with a refractory brick channel at the inlet at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of gasifiers, and particularly relates to an inner structure of the water-cooled wall of a gasifier. Background Art

[0002] Coal gasification technology is one of the key technologies for the clean and efficient utilization of coal resources. In recent years, with the growth of energy demand and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, coal gasification technology has been developing in the direction of high gasification temperature, high carbon conversion rate, and wide coal type adaptability, and the requirements for coal gasification devices, especially the core device - the gasifier, have also been continuously improved.

[0003] The gasification technology with a radiant waste heat boiler (RSC) is currently in a leading position compared with other gasification technologies. The radiant waste heat boiler (RSC) can recover the high-level heat energy generated by the gasification reaction, thereby generating a large amount of superheated steam for downstream processes to achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0004] Gasifiers are divided into two categories: refractory brick gasifiers and water-cooled wall gasifiers according to the furnace type. Refractory brick gasifiers have a simple structure and low construction cost, but have high operation and maintenance costs, low online rate, and limited gasification temperature; water-cooled wall gasifiers have high gasification temperature, high safety and reliability, high online rate, low operation and maintenance costs, relatively complex structure and configuration, and high construction cost.

[0005] Currently, the gasification technology with a radiant waste heat boiler (RSC) mostly uses refractory brick gasifiers, and still has problems such as frequent maintenance, low online rate, and high brick replacement cost. If a water-cooled wall gasifier is used, the adaptability of the water-cooled wall structure and the interface matching between the gasifier and the radiant waste heat boiler (RSC) will be the difficulties and key points in the design. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an inner structure of the water-cooled wall of a gasifier to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an inner structure of the water-cooled wall of a gasifier, including an inlet pipe, an inlet water header, a membrane water-cooled wall, an outlet water header, an outlet pipe, a burner water-cooled cover, a slag outlet, a purger, and a balance pipe;

[0008] The membrane water-cooled wall is a tubular cylindrical structure composed of a plurality of water pipes and fins. The inside of the membrane water-cooled wall is a gasification chamber furnace. The two ends of the membrane water-cooled wall are respectively an upper necking and a lower necking;

[0009] The inlet water header is located at the bottom of the membrane water-cooled wall, and the outlet water header is located at the top of the membrane water-cooled wall;

[0010] The inlet end of the inlet pipe is connected to the water inlet nozzle on the outer shell of the gasifier. The outer shell of the gasifier is located outside the membrane water wall. The outlet end of the inlet pipe is connected to the water inlet header. Both ends of each water pipe in the membrane water wall are respectively connected to the water inlet header and the water outlet header. The inlet end of the outlet pipe is connected to the water outlet header, and the outlet end of the outlet pipe is connected to the water outlet nozzle on the outer shell of the gasifier. The burner water-cooling cover is connected between the burner installation opening on the outer shell of the gasifier and the upper reduced opening of the membrane water wall and matches the upper reduced opening of the membrane water wall.

[0011] The slag outlet is a cylindrical channel, which is connected between the lower reduced opening of the membrane water wall and the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler. The upper interface of the slag outlet matches the lower reduced opening of the membrane water wall, and the lower interface of the slag outlet matches the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler.

[0012] The inlet pipe is connected from the water inlet nozzle on the outer shell of the gasifier to the water inlet header, supplying water to the membrane water wall and providing overall support for the internal component structure of the membrane water wall.

[0013] The membrane water wall is a tubular cylindrical structure composed of water pipes and fins. The main function of the finned tubes is to increase the heating surface or heat dissipation and improve the heat transfer efficiency. A certain pitch is maintained between the water pipes. The upper reduced opening of the membrane water wall matches the burner water-cooling cover, and the lower reduced opening of the membrane water wall matches the slag outlet. The water pipes in the reduced opening section jump according to the layout and pitch requirements. Jumping the pipes means that the water pipes jump out of the tube bank in the direction of the tube bank composition. The reason is that after the cylindrical reduced opening, the pitch of the water pipes in the circumferential direction gradually becomes smaller. When the water pipes cannot be arranged, some of the water pipes must jump out.

[0014] The water wall is usually laid on the inner wall surface of the furnace and is mainly used to absorb the radiant heat released by the furnace flame and high-temperature flue gas, because it has the function of cooling and protecting the furnace wall.

[0015] In modern large and medium-sized boilers, membrane water walls are commonly used. They are composed of rolled finned tubes. The fins of adjacent tubes are connected and welded into a whole by electric welding. The advantages of the membrane water wall are as follows: good furnace sealing, reduced air leakage, which can reduce the exhaust gas loss and is beneficial to slightly positive pressure combustion; it can fully protect the furnace wall, thus reducing the thickness and weight of the furnace wall and being conducive to the adoption of a suspension structure; it can improve the coking situation in the furnace; it improves the pre-assembly degree of boiler components and can reduce the installation workload; compared with the bare tube water wall, it improves the heat absorption capacity of the tubes. Therefore, most of the boilers produced in China in recent years adopt membrane water walls. The membrane water wall requires that the thermal deviation between adjacent tubes should be as small as possible to prevent tube damage caused by thermal stress due to thermal deviation. In order to withstand the pressure of deflagration in the furnace or the pressure fluctuation of combustion in the furnace, which may cause deformation or damage to the structure of the water wall, rigid beams must be arranged in layers around the outer side of the furnace wall to make the whole water wall a rigid whole.

[0016] Further, the water pipe includes a straight tube portion, an upper necking portion, a lower necking portion, an upper interface portion, and a lower interface portion. The straight tube portion, the upper necking portion, and the lower necking portion are all linear. The straight tube portion is vertically placed. The two ends of the straight tube portion are respectively connected to the upper necking portion and the lower necking portion to form a trapezoidal structure without a bottom surface. The upper interface portion is connected to the other end of the upper necking portion, and the other end of the lower necking portion is connected to the lower interface portion.

[0017] Further, the slag notch is a cylindrical channel composed of a cylindrical wall, a support brick plate, and a refractory brick. The cylindrical wall is located outside the slag notch, and the support brick plate and the refractory brick are located inside the cylindrical wall. The support brick plate includes a support plate and a reinforcing rib plate. The support brick plate is connected to the cylindrical wall, and the refractory brick is laid on the support brick plate to form a cylindrical channel inside the cylindrical wall.

[0018] The design of the waste heat boiler is related to the specific gasification process and the temperature field and flow field inside the waste heat boiler. The inlet of the waste heat boiler for some gasification process technologies is a refractory brick structure. Blockage of slag may occur at the connection between the internal components of the gasifier and the radiant waste heat boiler during operation, and disassembly and replacement are required. The purpose of designing the slag notch is to solve the replacement problem during slag blockage. The structure of the slag notch is designed according to the inlet structure of the radiant waste heat boiler to make them match.

[0019] The upper interface of the slag notch matches the lower necking of the membrane water wall, and the lower interface of the slag notch matches the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler; the inside of the slag notch and the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler both adopt refractory brick channels, which can achieve precise matching between the slag notch of the water wall internal components and the radiant waste heat boiler, thereby effectively insulating heat, facilitating slag discharge, and ensuring that the composition, flow field, and temperature field of the process gas at the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler (RSC) meet the process requirements, thus ensuring the process performance of the radiant waste heat boiler.

[0020] The process package of the gasification technology is designed to maintain the temperature of the inlet material of the radiant waste heat boiler (RSC), avoid slagging and plugging, and the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler (RSC) is designed as a refractory brick structure. The outlet of the inner part of the water-cooled wall of the gasifier is matched with the inlet structure of the waste heat boiler (RSC). The refractory brick structure at the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler (RSC) is extended upward and connected to the lower constriction of the membrane water-cooled wall of the gasifier through the slag outlet.

[0021] Furthermore, the purger is located at the bottom of the annular space between the membrane water-cooled wall and the gasifier shell. The purger is connected to the purge gas inlet nozzle on the gasifier shell. The purger is a ring pipe structure, and evenly distributed air inlet holes are opened on the ring pipe. A baffle is arranged outside each air inlet hole.

[0022] Purge gas and protective gas are introduced into the purger to maintain the pressure balance inside and outside the furnace, and at the same time sweep the fly ash between the furnace and the gasifier shell.

[0023] Since the inlet speed of the purge gas and the protective gas is relatively high, in order to avoid directly scouring the inner part of the water-cooled wall of the gasifier, a baffle is arranged outside the air inlet hole.

[0024] Furthermore, the balance pipe is located in the gap between the upper constriction of the membrane water-cooled wall and the burner water-cooled cover, connecting the gasification chamber furnace and the annular space, and playing a role in balancing the pressure inside and outside the furnace.

[0025] Furthermore, the heat transfer surfaces of the membrane water-cooled wall and the burner water-cooled cover are coated with refractory lining to protect the membrane water-cooled wall.

[0026] Furthermore, both the water inlet header and the water outlet header are ring pipe structures. The water inlet header is provided with nozzles connected to the lower interface parts on the introduction pipe and the water distribution pipe; the water outlet header is provided with nozzles connected to the upper interface parts on the lead-out pipe and the water distribution pipe.

[0027] The water inlet header is located at the bottom of the membrane water-cooled wall. After collecting the inlet water, it distributes the water to each water distribution pipe of the membrane water-cooled wall. The water in each water distribution pipe of the membrane water-cooled wall flows from bottom to top, absorbs the heat on the gasification side and then enters the water outlet header. The water outlet header is located at the top of the membrane water-cooled wall and collects the outlet water.

[0028] Furthermore, the lead-out pipe is a spiral coiled structure.

[0029] The lead-out pipe is connected from the water outlet header to the water outlet nozzle on the gasifier shell to lead out the saturated water vapor after absorbing heat. It is a spiral coiled structure and can absorb the thermal expansion displacement difference between the inner part of the water-cooled wall and the gasifier shell.

[0030] The gasifier operates at high temperatures. During startup, shutdown, and temperature fluctuation, the temperatures of the inner components of the water-cooled wall and the gasifier shell are different, resulting in different thermal expansion amounts. The difference in thermal expansion amounts between the two is the thermal expansion displacement difference.

[0031] Furthermore, the burner water-cooling shroud is a coiled tube structure composed of water-passing pipes and a cylinder. The cylinder is located above the water-passing pipes. The two ends of the water-passing pipes are respectively connected to the water-passing pipe inlet and the water-passing pipe outlet. The water-passing pipe inlet is connected to the water inlet nozzle on the gasifier shell, and the water-passing pipe outlet is connected to the water outlet nozzle on the gasifier shell. Water is passed through the coiled tubes for cooling to protect the burner. The function of the cylinder is to connect the burner water-cooling shroud and the gasifier shell.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) The structure of the inner components of the water-cooled wall of the gasifier provided by the present invention improves the safety and reliability of the gasifier, reduces the number of overhauls, thereby increasing the online operation rate of the gasifier, eliminating the cost of brick replacement, and reducing the operation and maintenance costs.

[0034] (2) The membrane water-cooled wall of the structure of the inner components of the water-cooled wall of the gasifier provided by the present invention adopts an integral tube-in-tube structure. The upper and lower reduced openings are made into cones in a skip-tube form. It is simpler to manufacture compared to conventional coiled tube cones and eliminates a large number of 180° and 90° small R elbows, saving material costs and manufacturing costs. At the same time, from the perspective of hydrodynamics, the number of water-passing pipes is reduced, the flow resistance is lowered, which is more conducive to reducing energy consumption and system safety.

[0035] (3) The slag outlet of the structure of the inner components of the water-cooled wall of the gasifier provided by the present invention adopts a refractory brick form, effectively insulating heat and facilitating slag discharge. At the same time, it can be precisely matched with the radiant waste heat boiler (RSC) with a refractory brick channel at the inlet to ensure that the composition, flow field, and temperature field of the process gas at the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler (RSC) meet the process requirements, thereby ensuring the process performance of the radiant waste heat boiler.

[0036] The following will further illustrate the concept, specific structure, and technical effects generated by the present invention in conjunction with the drawings to fully understand the purpose, features, and effects of the present invention. Description of the Drawings

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the inner components of a water-cooled wall of a gasifier;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a single water-passing pipe of the membrane water-cooled wall;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the burner water-cooling shroud;

[0040] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the structure of the slag notch;

[0041] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the slag notch.

[0042] The reference numerals are as follows: 1 - inlet pipe; 2 - water inlet header; 3 - membrane water wall; 4 - water outlet header; 5 - outlet pipe; 6 - burner water-cooling shroud; 6-1 - water passage pipe; 6-2 - steel pipe; 6-3 - water inlet of the water passage pipe; 6-4 - water outlet of the water passage pipe; 7 - slag notch; 7-1 - barrel wall; 7-2 - refractory brick; 7-3 - brick support plate; 8 - purger; 9 - balance pipe; 10 - outer shell of the gasifier; 11 - water pipe; 11-1 - straight section; 11-2 - upper reduced section; 11-3 - lower reduced section; 11-4 - upper connection section; 11-5 - lower connection section; 12 - burner installation port. Detailed implementation manners

[0043] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the specific implementation manners. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of this application.

[0044] In the drawings, components with the same structure are denoted by the same numerals, and components with similar structures or functions are denoted by similar numerals. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown, and the present invention does not limit the size and thickness of each component. In order to make the drawings clearer, the thickness of some parts in the drawings is appropriately exaggerated.

[0045] Embodiment

[0046] As Figures 1 to 5 shown in, in a preferred embodiment, a structure of the inner member of the water wall of a gasifier is provided, including a set of inlet pipes 1 for water inlet, a set of water inlet headers 2 for collecting and distributing the inlet water, a set of membrane water walls 3 for forming the furnace chamber of the gasification chamber, a set of water outlet headers 4 for collecting the outlet water, a set of outlet pipes 5 for the outlet water, a set of burner water-cooling shrouds 6 for protecting the burner, a set of slag notches 7 for connecting the gasifier and the radiant waste heat boiler, a set of purgers 8 for introducing purge gas and protective gas, and a set of balance pipes 9 for balancing the pressure inside and outside the furnace chamber. The structure of the inner member of the water wall of the gasifier is a rotary cylindrical structure with the center line as the axis.

[0047] The membrane water wall 3 is a tubular cylindrical structure composed of multiple water pipes 11 and fins. The interior of the membrane water wall 3 is a gasification chamber furnace. The two ends of the membrane water wall 3 are respectively an upper necking and a lower necking. The number of the water pipes 11 and fins is determined according to the size and shape of the actually designed water wall.

[0048] The inlet header 2 is located at the bottom of the membrane water wall 3, and the outlet header 4 is located at the top of the membrane water wall 3.

[0049] The inlet end of the inlet pipe 1 is connected to the water inlet nozzle on the outer shell 10 of the gasifier. The outer shell 10 of the gasifier is located outside the membrane water wall 3. The outlet end of the inlet pipe 1 is connected to the inlet header 2. The two ends of each water pipe 11 of the membrane water wall 3 are respectively connected to the inlet header 2 and the outlet header 4. The inlet end of the outlet pipe 5 is connected to the outlet header 4, and the outlet end of the outlet pipe 5 is connected to the water outlet nozzle on the outer shell 10 of the gasifier. The burner water-cooling cover 6 is connected between the burner mounting opening 12 of the outer shell 10 of the gasifier and the upper necking of the membrane water wall 3 and matches the upper necking of the membrane water wall 3.

[0050] The slag outlet 7 is a cylindrical channel. The slag outlet 7 is connected between the lower necking of the membrane water wall 3 and the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler. The upper interface of the slag outlet 7 matches the lower necking of the membrane water wall 3, and the lower interface of the slag outlet 7 matches the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler.

[0051] The inlet pipe 1 is connected from the water inlet nozzle of the outer shell 10 of the gasifier to the inlet header 2, supplies water to the membrane water wall 3, and provides overall support for the internal component structure of the membrane water wall 3.

[0052] The membrane water wall 3 is a tubular cylindrical structure composed of water pipes 11 and fins. The main function of the finned tubes is to increase the heating surface or heat dissipation and improve the heat transfer efficiency. A certain pitch is maintained between the water pipes 11. The upper necking of the membrane water wall 3 matches the burner water-cooling cover 6, and the lower necking of the membrane water wall 3 matches the slag outlet 7. The water pipes in the necking section jump according to the layout and pitch requirements. The jumping of the water pipes means that the water pipes 11 jump out of the tube screen in the direction of the tube screen composition. The reason is that after the cylindrical necking, the pitch of the water pipes 11 in the circumferential direction gradually becomes smaller. When the water pipes 11 cannot be arranged, some of the water pipes 11 must jump out.

[0053] The water pipe 11 includes a straight tube portion 11-1, an upper necking portion 11-2, a lower necking portion 11-3, an upper interface portion 11-4 and a lower interface portion 11-5. The straight tube portion 11-1, the upper necking portion 11-2 and the lower necking portion 11-3 are all linear. The straight tube portion 11-1 is vertically arranged. The two ends of the straight tube portion 11-1 are respectively connected to the upper necking portion 11-2 and the lower necking portion 11-3 to form a trapezoidal structure without a bottom surface. The upper interface portion 11-4 is connected to the other end of the upper necking portion 11-2, and the other end of the lower necking portion 11-3 is connected to the lower interface portion 11-5.

[0054] The slag notch 7 is a cylindrical channel composed of a cylinder wall 7-1, a support brick plate 7-3 and a refractory brick 7-2. The cylinder wall 7-1 is located outside the slag notch 7, and the support brick plate 7-3 and the refractory brick 7-2 are located inside the cylinder wall 7-1. The support brick plate 7-3 includes a support plate and a reinforcing rib plate. The support brick plate 7-3 is connected to the cylinder wall 7-1, and the refractory brick 7-2 is laid on the support brick plate 7-3 to form a cylindrical channel within the cylinder wall 7-1.

[0055] The design of the waste heat boiler is related to the specific gasification process and the temperature field and flow field inside the waste heat boiler. The inlet of the waste heat boiler for some gasification process technologies is a refractory brick structure. During operation, blockage of slag may occur at the connection between the internal components of the gasifier and the radiant waste heat boiler, and disassembly and replacement are required. The purpose of designing the slag notch is to solve the replacement problem during slag blockage. The structure of the slag notch is designed according to the inlet structure of the radiant waste heat boiler to make them match.

[0056] The upper interface of the slag notch matches the lower necking of the membrane water wall, and the lower interface of the slag notch matches the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler; both the inside of the slag notch and the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler adopt refractory brick channels, which can achieve precise matching between the slag notch of the water wall internal components and the radiant waste heat boiler, thereby effectively insulating heat, facilitating slag discharge, and ensuring that the composition, flow field, and temperature field of the process gas at the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler (RSC) meet the process requirements, thus ensuring the process performance of the radiant waste heat boiler.

[0057] The process package of the gasification technology is designed to maintain the temperature of the inlet material of the radiant waste heat boiler (RSC), avoid slagging and blockage of slag. The inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler (RSC) is designed as a refractory brick structure. The outlet of the internal components of the water wall of the gasifier matches the inlet structure of the waste heat boiler (RSC). The refractory brick structure at the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler (RSC) is extended upward and is connected to the lower necking of the membrane water wall of the gasifier through the slag notch.

[0058] The purger 8 is located at the bottom of the annular space between the membrane water wall 3 and the gasifier shell 10. The purger 8 is connected to the purge gas inlet nozzle on the gasifier shell 10. The purger 8 is of an annular pipe structure, and intake holes are evenly distributed on the annular pipe, and baffles are arranged outside each intake hole.

[0059] Purge gas and protective gas are introduced into the purger 8 to maintain the pressure balance inside and outside the furnace, and at the same time sweep the fly ash between the furnace and the gasifier shell 10.

[0060] Since the intake speed of the purge gas and the protective gas is relatively high, in order to avoid directly scouring the inner parts of the water wall of the gasifier, baffles are arranged outside the intake holes.

[0061] The balance pipe 9 is located in the gap between the upper necking of the membrane water wall 3 and the burner water-cooled cover 6, connecting the gasification chamber furnace and the annular space, and playing a role in balancing the pressure inside and outside the furnace.

[0062] The heat transfer surfaces of the membrane water wall 3 and the burner water-cooled cover 6 are coated with refractory lining to protect the membrane water wall 3.

[0063] Both the water inlet header 2 and the water outlet header 4 are of annular pipe structures. The water inlet header 2 is provided with nozzles connected to the lower interface parts 11-5 on the introducing pipe 1 and the water connecting pipe 11; the water outlet header 4 is provided with nozzles connected to the upper interface parts 11-4 on the leading-out pipe 5 and the water connecting pipe 11. The upper interface part 11-4 of the water connecting pipe 11 is butt-welded to the nozzle on the water outlet header 4, and the lower interface part 11-5 of the water connecting pipe 11 is butt-welded to the nozzle on the water inlet header 2.

[0064] The water inlet header 2 is located at the bottom of the membrane water wall 3, collects the inlet water and distributes it to each water connecting pipe 11 of the membrane water wall 3. The water in each water connecting pipe 11 of the membrane water wall 3 flows from bottom to top, absorbs the heat on the gasification side and then enters the water outlet header 4. The water outlet header 4 is located at the top of the membrane water wall 3 and collects the outlet water.

[0065] The leading-out pipe 5 is of a spiral coiled structure.

[0066] The leading-out pipe 5 is connected from the water outlet header 4 to the water outlet nozzle of the gasifier shell 10, leading out the saturated water vapor after heat absorption. It is of a spiral coiled structure and can absorb the thermal expansion displacement difference between the inner parts of the water wall and the gasifier shell 10.

[0067] The gasifier operates at a high temperature. During the start-up and shutdown processes and the temperature fluctuation state, the temperatures of the inner parts of the water wall and the gasifier shell 10 are different, and the corresponding thermal expansion amounts are different. The difference in the thermal expansion amounts between the two is the thermal expansion displacement difference.

[0068] The burner water-cooled cover 6 is a coil structure composed of a water-passing pipe 6-1 and a cylinder 6-2. The cylinder 6-2 is located above the water-passing pipe 6-1. Both ends of the water-passing pipe 6-1 are respectively connected to a water-passing pipe water inlet 6-3 and a water-passing pipe water outlet 6-4. The water-passing pipe water inlet 6-3 is connected to a water inlet nozzle on the gasifier shell 10, and the water-passing pipe water outlet 6-4 is connected to a water outlet nozzle on the gasifier shell 10.

[0069] Water is passed through the coil for cooling, which plays a role in protecting the burner.

[0070] During installation, after each component is separately manufactured, the membrane water wall 3, the inlet water header 2, the outlet water header 4, the inlet pipe 1, the outlet pipe 5, and the balance pipe 9 are first assembled into an integral body, and then the integral body is installed into the gasifier shell 10. The inlet pipe 1 and the outlet pipe 5 are respectively assembled and connected to the water inlet nozzle and the water outlet nozzle on the gasifier shell 10. After the burner water-cooled cover 6 is assembled with the burner installation flange cover of the gasifier shell 10, it is assembled with the upper reduced opening of the membrane water wall 3. The slag outlet 7 is assembled with the lower reduced opening of the membrane water wall 3. The purger 8 is assembled with the purging gas inlet nozzle on the gasifier shell 10.

[0071] During the operation of the gasifier, the saturated water in the steam drum enters the inlet water header 2 through the inlet pipe 1. The inlet water header 2 evenly distributes the water to each water-passing pipe 11 of the membrane water wall 3. After the saturated water absorbs the heat of the gasification reaction to form a steam-water mixture, it is collected by the outlet water header 4 and then led back to the steam drum through the outlet pipe 5, forming a water circulation system. The burner water-cooled cover 6 and the membrane water wall 3 are in a parallel water circuit, which can realize water distribution adjustment to avoid the burner water-cooled cover 6 being burned out due to too little water supply. Both are in the water circulation system. The water wall is protected by the circulating water cooling, providing a safe and reliable reaction space for gasification. The slag outlet 7 provides an effectively adiabatic channel for the syngas, which is beneficial to slag discharge and can ensure the process performance at the gasifier outlet. The purger 8 continuously provides protective gas and purging gas for the internal components of the water wall. The balance pipe 9 connects the furnace chamber and the annular space to achieve the internal and external pressure balance of the membrane water wall 3, thus ensuring the reliable operation of the gasifier.

Claims

1. An internal structure of a water-cooled wall of a gasifier, characterized in that It includes an inlet pipe (1), a water inlet header (2), a membrane water wall (3), a water outlet header (4), an outlet pipe (5), a burner water-cooling shroud (6), a slag notch (7), a purger (8) and a balance pipe (9); The membrane water wall (3) is a tubular cylindrical structure composed of multiple water pipes (11) and fins. The inside of the membrane water wall (3) is a gasification chamber furnace. The two ends of the membrane water wall (3) are respectively an upper necking and a lower necking; The water inlet header (2) is located at the bottom of the membrane water wall (3), and the water outlet header (4) is located at the top of the membrane water wall (3); The inlet end of the inlet pipe (1) is connected to the water inlet nozzle on the outer shell (10) of the gasifier. The outer shell (10) of the gasifier is located outside the membrane water wall (3). The outlet end of the inlet pipe (1) is connected to the water inlet header (2). Both ends of each water pipe (11) of the membrane water wall (3) are respectively connected to the water inlet header (2) and the water outlet header (4). The inlet end of the outlet pipe (5) is connected to the water outlet header (4), and the outlet end of the outlet pipe (5) is connected to the water outlet nozzle on the outer shell (10) of the gasifier. The burner water-cooling shroud (6) is connected between the burner installation opening (12) of the outer shell (10) of the gasifier and the upper necking of the membrane water wall (3), and matches the upper necking of the membrane water wall (3); The slag notch (7) is a cylindrical channel. The slag notch (7) is connected between the lower necking of the membrane water wall (3) and the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler. The upper interface of the slag notch (7) matches the lower necking of the membrane water wall (3), and the lower interface of the slag notch (7) matches the inlet of the radiant waste heat boiler; The water pipe (11) includes a straight tube part (11-1), an upper necking part (11-2), a lower necking part (11-3), an upper interface part (11-4) and a lower interface part (11-5). The straight tube part (11-1), the upper necking part (11-2) and the lower necking part (11-3) are all linear. The straight tube part (11-1) is vertically placed. Both ends of the straight tube part (11-1) are respectively connected to the upper necking part (11-2) and the lower necking part (11-3) to form a trapezoidal structure without a lower bottom surface. The upper interface part (11-4) is connected to the other end of the upper necking part (11-2), and the other end of the lower necking part (11-3) is connected to the lower interface part (11-5); The slag notch (7) is a cylindrical channel composed of a cylinder wall (7-1), a brick support plate (7-3) and refractory bricks (7-2). The cylinder wall (7-1) is located outside the slag notch (7), and the brick support plate (7-3) and the refractory bricks (7-2) are located inside the cylinder wall (7-1). The brick support plate (7-3) includes a support plate and a reinforcing rib plate. The brick support plate (7-3) is connected to the cylinder wall (7-1), and the refractory bricks (7-2) are laid on the brick support plate (7-3) to form a cylindrical channel inside the cylinder wall (7-1). Both the water inlet header (2) and the water outlet header (4) are ring pipe structures. The water inlet header (2) is provided with nozzles connected to the lower interface parts (11-5) on the introducing pipe (1) and the water connecting pipe (11). The water outlet header (4) is provided with nozzles connected to the upper interface parts (11-4) on the leading-out pipe (5) and the water connecting pipe (11).

2. The internal structure of the water-cooled wall of the gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The purger (8) is located at the bottom of the annular space between the membrane water wall (3) and the gasifier shell (10). The purger (8) is connected to the purge gas inlet nozzle on the gasifier shell (10). The purger (8) is a ring pipe structure, and evenly distributed air inlet holes are opened on the ring pipe, and baffles are arranged outside each air inlet hole.

3. The inner structure of the water-cooled wall of the gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that The balance pipe (9) is located in the gap between the upper constriction of the membrane water wall (3) and the burner water-cooled cover (6), and communicates the gasification chamber furnace and the annular space.

4. The internal structure of the water-cooled wall of the gasifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat transfer surfaces of the membrane water wall (3) and the burner water-cooled cover (6) are coated with refractory linings.

5. The inner structure of the water-cooled wall of the gasifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The leading-out pipe (5) is a spiral coiled structure.

6. The inner structure of the water-cooled wall of the gasifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The burner water-cooled cover (6) is a coiled pipe structure composed of a water passing pipe (6-1) and a cylinder (6-2). The cylinder (6-2) is located above the water passing pipe (6-1). Both ends of the water passing pipe (6-1) are respectively connected to a water passing pipe water inlet (6-3) and a water passing pipe water outlet (6-4). The water passing pipe water inlet (6-3) is connected to the water inlet nozzle on the gasifier shell (10), and the water passing pipe water outlet (6-4) is connected to the water outlet nozzle on the gasifier shell (10).

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