A method for optimizing system power supply and switching backup power supply

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power grid power supply, and discloses a method for system power supply optimization and backup power supply switching, comprising using a power supply system, wherein the power supply system comprises an AC-DC main power supply module, a backup power supply module, a backup power supply charge and discharge management unit, a power supply detection control unit, a power distribution management unit, a function module group and an extension module group, wherein the AC-DC main power supply module is electrically connected to the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit and the power supply detection control unit respectively, the backup power supply module is electrically connected to the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit and the power supply detection control unit respectively, the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit is electrically connected to the power supply detection control unit, and the power distribution management unit is electrically connected to the power supply detection control unit, the function module group and the extension module group respectively; the invention has the characteristics of improving charging efficiency, shortening charging time, improving service life and use efficiency of the backup power supply module, and high operation reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of power grid power supplies, and in particular to a method for optimizing system power supplies and switching on and off a standby power supply. Background Art

[0002] With the deepening of the intelligent construction of power grids, more and more monitoring and surveillance equipment are installed. The original low-voltage concentrators and special transformer terminals can no longer meet the needs of power information collection systems and special transformer monitoring, and cannot meet the data requirements of smart grids, smart substations, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to install various intelligent collection equipment on site to meet the requirements. However, due to the lack of unified standards and specifications for various intelligent collection equipment, it will not only cause waste of resources, but also pose a safety hazard. For this reason, the State Grid Measurement Center of China Electric Power Research Institute has proposed a general technical specification for energy controllers. The new modular energy controller has the characteristics of hardware modularization, unified operating system, and software APP definition, which enables one terminal to meet the needs of multiple scenarios and improves the reliability of terminal operation. However, since such equipment adopts a modular design, each terminal has up to 5 independent module interfaces. In the existing technology, , this type of equipment uses AC three-phase power supply. When the power supply fails, the AC power supply can maintain the normal operation of the terminal; the specific method is: after the terminal fully equipped with functional modules enters the steady state (after charging for 2 hours), in the non-communication state, the apparent power consumed by the terminal three-phase should not exceed 25VA, and the active power should not exceed 15W; among them, the average working current of independent module 1 and independent module 2 is 0.8A, and the transient current is 1.2A; the average working current of independent module 3 and independent module 4 is 0.8A, and the transient current is 2A; the average working current of independent module 5 is 1.6A, and the transient current is 3A; the terminal backup power supply uses a supercapacitor and is integrated inside the terminal. The charging time of the backup power supply should not exceed 2 hours; when the main power supply of the terminal is insufficient or disappears, the backup power supply should be automatically put into use to keep the terminal and the functional module working continuously, and the normal operation should be no less than 3mi n; However, there are certain problems with the above method. The power supply of the energy controller terminal must strictly follow the specifications. Excessive load, wrong insertion, abnormality, etc. of the expansion module may easily cause the terminal to fail to work or start normally; the backup power supply adopts the traditional resistor current limiting charging method, which can appropriately reduce the cost, but greatly increases the power consumption and charging time, and has low efficiency; the energy controller terminal cannot automatically detect and troubleshoot the system power supply, and its applicability is relatively single, which also brings inconvenience to operation and maintenance. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for optimizing system power supply and switching backup power supply.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a method for system power optimization and backup power switching, including using a power supply system, the power supply system including an AC-DC main power supply module, a backup power supply module, a backup power supply charge and discharge management unit, a power supply detection control unit, a power distribution management unit, a functional module group and an extension module group, the AC-DC main power supply module is electrically connected to the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit and the power supply detection control unit respectively, the backup power supply module is electrically connected to the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit and the power supply detection control unit respectively, the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit is electrically connected to the power supply detection control unit, the power distribution management unit is electrically connected to the power supply detection control unit, the functional module group and the extension module group respectively;

[0005] The following steps are also included:

[0006] Step S1: before the power supply system is powered on, the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit disconnects the charging circuit of the backup power supply module, and the power distribution management unit disconnects the power supply circuit of the functional module group;

[0007] Step S2: After the power supply system is powered on, the AC-DC main power supply module supplies power, the power detection control unit collects the current of the AC-DC main power supply module in real time, and then powers on the functional modules in the functional module group in turn through the power distribution management unit according to the collected current. After the functional module group is powered on, the backup power supply charge and discharge management power supply quickly charges the backup power supply;

[0008] Step S3: The power detection control unit collects the current of the AC-DC main power module in real time, and then powers on the expansion modules in the expansion module group in turn through the power distribution management unit according to the collected current, and monitors the load current of each expansion module in real time. If there is an abnormality, the corresponding expansion module is turned off;

[0009] Step S4: the power detection control unit calculates and analyzes the load current of the functional module group and the expansion module group and the maximum power supply current of the AC-DC main power module to obtain the backup charging current, and then the backup power charge and discharge management unit adjusts the charging current of the backup power module according to the obtained backup charging current;

[0010] Step S5: After the power supply system is fully operational, the power detection control unit tracks the operation of the AC-DC main power module, the backup power module, the functional module group and the expansion module group in real time. If an abnormal load current is found in the expansion module group, the process goes to step S6. If a power failure is found in the AC-DC main power module, the process goes to step S7. If no abnormality occurs, the process loops through step S5.

[0011] Step S6: The power detection control unit obtains the corresponding information of the expansion module group, and obtains whether the expansion module group is newly added or replaced according to the information. If not, turn to step S601; if it is newly added or replaced, turn to step S602:

[0012] Step S601: The power supply detection control unit collects the load current of the functional module group and the extension module group, the power supply current of the AC-DC main power module, the charging current and the discharging current of the backup power module, and the input working voltage of the power supply system, and performs calculations and comparisons. If the load current of the functional module group and the extension module group exceeds the maximum current designed for the power supply system or the rated current designed for the power supply system, and the input working voltage of the power supply system gradually decreases, it indicates that an abnormality occurs in the functional module group, the power supply system is restarted, and the process goes to step S2. If the load current of the functional module group and the extension module group does not exceed the maximum current designed for the power supply system or the rated current designed for the power supply system, the process goes to step S3 for re-detection.

[0013] Step S602: the power detection control unit collects the load current of the functional module group and the extension module group, the power supply current of the AC-DC main power module, the charging current and the discharging current of the backup power module, and the input working voltage of the power supply system, and performs calculations and comparisons. If the load current of the functional module group and the extension module group exceeds the maximum current designed for the power supply system or the rated current designed for the power supply system, and the input working voltage of the power supply system gradually decreases, it means that the newly added or replaced extension module group is abnormal, and the power distribution management unit cuts off the power supply to the extension module group and turns to step S603. If the load current of the functional module group and the extension module group does not exceed the maximum current designed for the power supply system or the rated current designed for the power supply system, turn to step S3 for re-detection.

[0014] Step S603: After waiting for the working voltage of the power supply system to return to normal, the power distribution management unit connects the expansion module group and turns to step S602. If the newly added or replaced expansion module group is detected three times in succession in step S602 and an abnormality occurs, the power detection control unit detects the newly added or replaced expansion module group once every 5 minutes and turns to step S602. If the newly added or replaced expansion module group is detected three times in succession in step S602 and no abnormality occurs, turn to step S5.

[0015] Step S7: After the power detection control unit detects that the AC-DC main power module is powered off, the backup power charge and discharge management unit controls the backup power module to start discharging and improve the power supply conversion efficiency.

[0016] Preferably, the functional module group includes an LCD display module, a current loop acquisition module, a metering module and a main control module.

[0017] Preferably, the expansion module group includes a first expansion module, a second expansion module, a third expansion module, a fourth expansion module and a fifth expansion module.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the power-on standard for the expansion modules in the expansion module group is that the power-on current of the first expansion module, the second expansion module, the third expansion module and the fourth expansion module is not greater than 800mA, and the power-on current of the fifth expansion module is not greater than 1600mA.

[0019] Preferably, the calculation method of the standby charging current in step S4 is: the standby charging current is equal to the maximum power supply current of the AC-DC main power module minus the load current of the functional module group and the expansion module group.

[0020] Preferably, during the discharge process of the backup power supply module in step S7, if the supply voltage of the backup power supply module is greater than the input minimum operating voltage of the power supply system, the backup power supply module adopts a direct supply mode, that is, the input operating voltage of the power supply system is equal to the supply voltage of the backup power supply module; if the supply voltage of the backup power supply module is less than the input minimum operating voltage of the power supply system, the backup power supply module adopts a boost mode to meet the input minimum operating voltage requirement of the power supply system; if the supply voltage of the backup power supply module is less than the minimum discharge voltage allowed by the backup power supply module, the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit cuts off the discharge circuit of the backup power supply module, that is, the power supply system is shut down.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0022] The present invention realizes automatic detection, automatic repair, automatic switching and the like of abnormalities of AC-DC main power supply module, functional module group, extension module group and backup power supply module by adopting power supply detection control unit, backup power supply charge and discharge management unit and power supply distribution management unit. At the same time, a direct charging mode is adopted, that is, the backup power supply charge and discharge management power supply directly charges the backup power supply module, which shortens the charging time and improves the charging efficiency. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages: 1. Automatic detection and control of charging of the backup power supply module has the advantages of improving charging efficiency and shortening charging time; 2. Automatic detection and control of discharge of the backup power supply module has the advantages of improving service life and use efficiency of the backup power supply module; 3. The function module group and the extension module group can be automatically detected and switched, which has the advantage of high operating reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system module of the present invention.

[0025] Figure numerals: 1, AC-DC main power supply module; 2, backup power supply module; 3, backup power supply charge and discharge management unit; 4, power supply detection control unit; 5, power supply distribution management unit; 6, functional module group; 61, LCD display module; 62, current loop acquisition module; 63, metering module; 64, main control module; 7, extension module group; 71, first extension module; 72, second extension module; 73, third extension module; 74, fourth extension module; 75, fifth extension module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example: Please refer to Figure 1The present embodiment provides a method for system power optimization and backup power switching, including using a power supply system, the power supply system including an AC-DC main power module 1, a backup power module 2, a backup power charge and discharge management unit 3, a power detection control unit 4, a power distribution management unit 5, a functional module group 6 and an expansion module group 7, the functional module group 6 includes an LCD display module 61, a current loop acquisition module 62, a metering module 63 and a main control module 64, the LCD display module 61, the current loop acquisition module 62, the metering module 63 and the main control module 64 are all modules installed on the energy controller to provide the required functions for the energy controller, wherein the LCD display module 61 is used to display the running status of the energy controller, the usage of each APP resource, parameter viewing and setting, etc. In the present embodiment, the current loop acquisition module 62 is composed of the power frequency current transformer, high frequency inductor and peripheral hardware in the prior art. The circuit is electrically connected, the power frequency current transformer plays the role of power frequency current detection of the secondary circuit of the low voltage current transformer, the high frequency inductor plays the role of injection and return of high frequency signals, the peripheral hardware circuit plays the role of impedance identification and other functions, and the overall realization of the power frequency waveform coupling of the current loop, high frequency current injection and return measurement, and loop impedance calculation functions, and can also exchange data with the loop detection module of the energy controller itself, the metering module 63 is used to realize independent power metering and other related services, and the main control module 64 is the core unit of the energy controller display and business processing; in actual use, the function module group 6 can select the corresponding function module according to the actual needs of the system; the extension module group 7 includes a first extension module 71, a second extension module 72, a third extension module 73, a fourth extension module 74 and a fifth extension module 75, which are adapted to the common modular design of energy controllers in the prior art;

[0028] The AC-DC main power supply module 1 is electrically connected to the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit 3 and the power supply detection control unit 4, respectively; the backup power supply module 2 is electrically connected to the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit and the power supply detection control unit 4, respectively; the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit 3 is electrically connected to the power supply detection control unit 4, and the power distribution management unit 5 is electrically connected to the power supply detection control unit 4, the functional module group 6 and the expansion module group 7, respectively; in this embodiment, the AC-DC main power supply module can be composed of the NCP1377 switching power supply controller chip in the prior art plus a common power supply module, and the backup power supply module can be composed of 12 35F / 3V supercapacitors in the prior art, 3 supercapacitors are 1 group, and 4 groups are connected in series, which has a direct supply mode and a boost mode, the direct supply mode is direct power supply, and the boost mode is boost power supply; the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit can be replaced by the LTC3350 supercapacitor in the prior art, and the power supply detection control unit and the power distribution management unit can be replaced by the 32-bit ARM processor STM32H743VI in the prior art;

[0029] The following steps are also included:

[0030] Step S1: before the power supply system is powered on, the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit 3 disconnects the charging circuit of the backup power supply module 2, and the power distribution management unit 5 disconnects the power supply circuit of the functional module group 6;

[0031] Step S2: After the power supply system is powered on, the AC-DC main power supply module 1 supplies power, the power detection control unit 4 collects the current of the AC-DC main power supply module 1 in real time, and then powers on the functional modules in the functional module group 6 in turn through the power distribution management unit 5 according to the collected current. After the functional module group 6 is powered on, the backup power supply charge and discharge management power supply quickly charges the backup power supply;

[0032] Step S3: the power detection control unit 4 collects the current of the AC-DC main power module 1 in real time, and then powers on the expansion modules in the expansion module group 7 in turn through the power distribution management unit 5 according to the collected current, and monitors the load current of each expansion module in real time, and shuts down the corresponding expansion module if it is abnormal; the power-on standard for the expansion modules in the expansion module group 7 is that the power-on current of the first expansion module, the second expansion module 72, the third expansion module 73 and the fourth expansion module 74 is not greater than 800mA, and the power-on current of the fifth expansion module 75 is not greater than 1600mA;

[0033] It should be noted that, since the standards of the function modules in the function module group 6 are fixed when they leave the factory, the power-on standard of the function module group 6 can be powered on according to its own standard, and in order to ensure the power consumption requirements of the whole machine, the function module group 6 should meet the maximum current allowed by all the function modules in the function module group 6 when selecting, which should not be greater than the maximum current allowed by the power supply system minus the maximum current allowed by the expansion module group 7;

[0034] Step S4: the power detection control unit 4 calculates and analyzes the load current of the functional module group 6 and the expansion module group 7 and the maximum power supply current of the AC-DC main power module 1 to obtain the size of the standby charging current, and then the standby power charge and discharge management unit 3 adjusts the charging current of the standby power module 2 according to the obtained standby charging current size. The calculation method of the standby charging current is: the standby charging current is equal to the maximum power supply current of the AC-DC main power module 1 minus the load current of the functional module group 6 and the expansion module group 7;

[0035] Step S5: After the power supply system is fully operational, the power detection control unit 4 tracks the operation of the AC-DC main power module 1, the backup power module 2, the functional module group 6 and the expansion module group 7 in real time. If an abnormal load current is found in the expansion module group 7, the process goes to step S6. If a power failure occurs in the AC-DC main power module 1, the process goes to step S7. If no abnormality occurs, the process loops through step S5 to continue real-time tracking.

[0036] Step S6: The power detection control unit 4 obtains the corresponding information of the expansion module group 7, and obtains whether the expansion module group 7 is newly added or replaced according to the information. If not, turn to step S601; if it is newly added or replaced, turn to step S602:

[0037] Step S601: the power supply detection control unit 4 collects the load current of the function module group 6 and the extension module group 7, the power supply current of the AC-DC main power supply module 1, the charging current and the discharging current of the backup power supply module 2, and the input working voltage of the above-mentioned power supply system, and performs calculation and comparison. If the load current of the function module group 6 and the extension module group 7 exceeds the maximum current designed for the above-mentioned power supply system or the rated current designed for the above-mentioned power supply system, and the input working voltage of the above-mentioned power supply system gradually decreases, it means that the function module group 6 is abnormal, the above-mentioned power supply system is restarted, and turns to step S2 to restart work. If the load current of the function module group 6 and the extension module group 7 does not exceed the maximum current designed for the above-mentioned power supply system or the rated current designed for the above-mentioned power supply system, turn to step S3 for re-detection;

[0038] Step S602: the power detection control unit 4 collects the load current of the functional module group 6 and the extension module group 7, the power supply current of the AC-DC main power module 1, the charging current and the discharging current of the backup power module 2, and the input working voltage of the above-mentioned power supply system, and performs calculation and comparison. If the load current of the functional module group 6 and the extension module group 7 exceeds the maximum current designed for the above-mentioned power supply system or the rated current designed for the above-mentioned power supply system, and the input working voltage of the above-mentioned power supply system gradually decreases, it means that the newly added or replaced extension module group 7 is abnormal, and the power distribution management unit 5 cuts off the power supply to the extension module group 7, and turns to step S603. If the load current of the functional module group 6 and the extension module group 7 does not exceed the maximum current designed for the above-mentioned power supply system or the rated current designed for the above-mentioned power supply system, turn to step S3 for re-detection;

[0039] Step S603: After waiting for the working voltage of the power supply system to return to normal, the power distribution management unit 5 connects the expansion module group 7 and turns to step S602. If the newly added or replaced expansion module group 7 is abnormal after three consecutive detections in step S602, the power detection control unit 4 detects the newly added or replaced expansion module group 7 once every 5 minutes and turns to step S602. If the newly added or replaced expansion module group 7 is not abnormal after three consecutive detections in step S602, the process turns to step S5.

[0040] Step S7: After the power detection control unit 4 detects that the AC-DC main power module 1 loses power, the backup power charge and discharge management unit 3 controls the backup power module 2 to start discharging and improves the power supply conversion efficiency. During the discharge process of the backup power module 2, if the power supply voltage of the backup power module 2 is greater than the input minimum operating voltage of the above-mentioned power supply system, the backup power module 2 adopts the direct supply mode and can directly supply power, that is, the input operating voltage of the above-mentioned power supply system is equal to the power supply voltage of the backup power module 2. If the power supply voltage of the backup power module 2 is less than the input minimum operating voltage of the above-mentioned power supply system, the backup power module 2 adopts the boost mode, that is, the input minimum operating voltage requirement of the above-mentioned power supply system is met by boosting. If the power supply voltage of the backup power module 2 is less than the minimum discharge voltage allowed by the backup power module 2, the backup power charge and discharge management unit 3 cuts off the discharge circuit of the backup power module 2, that is, the above-mentioned power supply system is shut down, and the operator inspects the above-mentioned system.

[0041] The above are only typical examples of the present invention. In addition, the present invention may have many other specific implementations. Any technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing system power supply and switching backup power supply, characterized in that: The invention relates to a power supply system, wherein the power supply system comprises an AC-DC main power supply module (1), a backup power supply module (2), a backup power supply charge and discharge management unit (3), a power supply detection control unit (4), a power supply distribution management unit (5), a functional module group (6) and an extension module group (7), wherein the AC-DC main power supply module (1) is electrically connected to the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit (3) and the power supply detection control unit (4), respectively, the backup power supply module (2) is electrically connected to the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit and the power supply detection control unit (4), respectively, the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit (3) is electrically connected to the power supply detection control unit (4), and the power supply distribution management unit (5) is electrically connected to the power supply detection control unit (4), the functional module group (6) and the extension module group (7); The following steps are also included: Step S1: before the power supply system is powered on, the backup power supply charge and discharge management unit (3) disconnects the charging circuit of the backup power supply module (2), and the power distribution management unit (5) disconnects the power supply circuit of the functional module group (6); Step S2: After the power supply system is powered on, the AC-DC main power supply module (1) supplies power, the power supply detection control unit (4) collects the current of the AC-DC main power supply module (1) in real time, and then powers on the functional modules in the functional module group (6) in sequence through the power distribution management unit (5) according to the collected current. After the functional module group (6) is powered on, the backup power supply charge and discharge management power supply quickly charges the backup power supply; Step S3: The power detection control unit (4) collects the current of the AC-DC main power module (1) in real time, and then powers on the expansion modules in the expansion module group (7) in turn through the power distribution management unit (5) according to the collected current, and monitors the load current of each expansion module in real time, and shuts down the corresponding expansion module if there is an abnormality; Step S4: the power detection control unit (4) calculates and analyzes the load current of the functional module group (6) and the expansion module group (7) and the maximum power supply current of the AC-DC main power module (1) to obtain the backup charging current, and then the backup power charge and discharge management unit (3) adjusts the charging current of the backup power module (2) according to the obtained backup charging current; Step S5: After the power supply system is fully operational, the power supply detection control unit (4) tracks the operation of the AC-DC main power supply module (1), the backup power supply module (2), the functional module group (6) and the expansion module group (7) in real time. If it is found that the load current of the expansion module group (7) is abnormal, the process goes to step S6. If it is found that the AC-DC main power supply module (1) is powered off, the process goes to step S7. If no abnormality occurs, the process repeats step S5. Step S6: The power detection control unit (4) obtains the corresponding information of the expansion module group (7), and obtains whether the expansion module group (7) is newly added or replaced according to the information. If it is not newly added or replaced, it turns to step S601; if it is newly added or replaced, it turns to step S602: Step S601: The power supply detection control unit (4) collects the load current of the functional module group (6) and the extension module group (7), the power supply current of the AC-DC main power supply module (1), the charging current and the discharging current of the backup power supply module (2), and the input working voltage of the power supply system, and performs calculation and comparison. If the load current of the functional module group (6) and the extension module group (7) exceeds the maximum current designed for the power supply system or the rated current designed for the power supply system, and the input working voltage of the power supply system gradually decreases, it indicates that an abnormality occurs in the functional module group (6), the power supply system is restarted, and the process goes to step S2. If the load current of the functional module group (6) and the extension module group (7) does not exceed the maximum current designed for the power supply system or the rated current designed for the power supply system, the process goes to step S3 for re-detection. Step S602: the power detection control unit (4) collects the load current of the functional module group (6) and the extension module group (7), the power supply current of the AC-DC main power module (1), the charging current and the discharging current of the backup power module (2), and the input working voltage of the power supply system, and performs calculation and comparison. If the load current of the functional module group (6) and the extension module group (7) exceeds the maximum current designed for the power supply system or the rated current designed for the power supply system, and the input working voltage of the power supply system gradually decreases, it indicates that the newly added or replaced extension module group (7) has an abnormality, and the power distribution management unit (5) cuts off the power supply to the extension module group (7), and turns to step S603. If the load current of the functional module group (6) and the extension module group (7) does not exceed the maximum current designed for the power supply system or the rated current designed for the power supply system, turn to step S3 for re-detection; Step S603: After waiting for the working voltage of the power supply system to return to normal, the power distribution management unit (5) connects the expansion module group (7) and turns to step S602. If the newly added or replaced expansion module group (7) is detected three times in succession by step S602 and an abnormality occurs, the power detection control unit (4) turns to step S602 to detect the newly added or replaced expansion module group (7) once every 5 minutes. If the newly added or replaced expansion module group (7) is detected three times in succession by step S602 and no abnormality occurs, the power detection control unit (4) turns to step S5. Step S7: After the power detection control unit (4) detects that the AC-DC main power module (1) loses power, the backup power charge and discharge management unit (3) controls the backup power module (2) to start discharging and improves the power conversion efficiency.

2. The method for optimizing system power supply and switching backup power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional module group (6) comprises an LCD display module (61), a current loop acquisition module (62), a metering module (63) and a main control module (64).

3. The method for optimizing system power supply and switching backup power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion module group (7) comprises a first expansion module (71), a second expansion module (72), a third expansion module (73), a fourth expansion module (74) and a fifth expansion module (75).

4. The method for optimizing system power supply and switching backup power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the power-on standard for the expansion modules in the expansion module group (7) is that the power-on current of the first expansion module, the second expansion module (72), the third expansion module (73) and the fourth expansion module (74) is not greater than 800 mA, and the power-on current of the fifth expansion module (75) is not greater than 1600 mA.

5. The method for optimizing system power supply and switching backup power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation method of the standby charging current in step S4 is as follows: the standby charging current is equal to the maximum power supply current of the AC-DC main power supply module (1) minus the load current of the functional module group (6) and the expansion module group (7).

6. A method for optimizing system power supply and switching backup power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S7, during the discharge process of the backup power module (2), if the supply voltage of the backup power module (2) is greater than the minimum input working voltage of the power supply system, the backup power module (2) adopts a direct supply mode, that is, the input working voltage of the power supply system is equal to the supply voltage of the backup power module (2); if the supply voltage of the backup power module (2) is less than the minimum input working voltage of the power supply system, the backup power module (2) adopts a boost mode to meet the minimum input working voltage requirement of the power supply system; if the supply voltage of the backup power module (2) is less than the minimum discharge voltage allowed by the backup power module (2), the backup power charge and discharge management unit (3) cuts off the discharge circuit of the backup power module (2), that is, the power supply system is shut down.

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