System and method for long pulse radar chirp detector for LTE license assisted access dynamic frequency selection

Abstract

According to certain embodiments, a method for linear chirp detection by a network node includes obtaining a first number N of samples of a signal. Dividing the samples into at least a first group and a second group, wherein the first group includes a second number D of samples of the signal and the second group includes a third number N-D of samples of the signal. Performing a cross-correlation between the first group of samples and the second group of samples to generate a resultant sample group of the signal. Within the resultant sample group, identifying a peak in a frequency domain. Determining whether linear chirp is present within the signal based on at least one characteristic associated with the peak.

Description

Background Art

[0001] As the 2.4 GHz band becomes more crowded, many users are choosing to use the 5 GHz band. Not only does this provide more spectrum, but the 5 GHz band is not widely used by WiFi and many appliances, including items such as microwave ovens.

[0002] In many countries, regulatory requirements may limit the number of available 5 GHz channels or impose additional restrictions on their use because the spectrum is shared with other technologies and services. For example, for parts of Band 46, there are regional requirements designed to protect radars from interference from other users of the spectrum.

[0003] DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) is a mechanism that allows devices to coexist with radar systems. DFS automatically selects frequencies that do not interfere with radar systems. DFS allows you to use more channels. DFS includes radar detection and frequency selection without radar.

[0004] Since coexistence between LTE and radar applications in the same frequency band has recently been achieved through licensed assisted access (LAA), the application of technologies used as plug-ins for detecting radars in LTE systems is limited. For LTE, such plug-ins must be incorporated into the radio base station between the radio unit and the media access control (MAC) control layer, with high requirements for processing efficiency and accuracy. Since the frequency characteristics of the chirp signal are preferably analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT), the chirp detection algorithm will utilize the same FFT accelerator as the conventional business in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems (such as LTE). Therefore, it is important to reduce the processing performed in the frequency domain while still maintaining good detection performance. Summary of the invention

[0005] To address the above-mentioned problems of existing solutions, systems and methods are disclosed that provide a tunable detector for detecting linear chirp radar signals in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based system.

[0006] According to certain embodiments, a method for linear chirp detection by a network node includes obtaining a first number N of samples of a signal. Dividing the samples into at least a first group and a second group, wherein the first group includes a second number D of samples of the signal and the second group includes a third number ND of samples of the signal. Performing a cross-correlation between the first group of samples and the second group of samples to generate a resultant sample group of the signal. Within the resultant sample group, identifying a peak in a frequency domain. Determining whether linear chirp is present in the signal based on at least one characteristic associated with the peak.

[0007] According to certain embodiments, a network node for linear chirp detection includes a memory storing instructions and a processing circuit, which is operable to execute the instructions so that the network node obtains a first number N of samples of a signal. The network node divides the samples into at least a first group and a second group, wherein the first group includes a second number D of samples of the signal and the second group includes a third number ND of samples of the signal. The network node performs a cross-correlation between the first group of samples and the second group of samples to generate a result sample group of the signal. Within the result sample group, a peak in the frequency domain is identified. Based on at least one characteristic associated with the peak, the network node determines whether linear chirp exists within the signal.

[0008] According to certain embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions is operable to be executed by a processor to cause the processor to obtain a first number N of samples of a signal. The samples are divided into at least a first group and a second group, the first group including a second number D of samples of the signal, and the second group including a third number ND of samples of the signal. A cross-correlation is performed between the first group of samples and the second group of samples to generate a resultant sample group of the signal. Within the resultant sample group, a peak in a frequency domain is identified. Based on at least one characteristic associated with the peak, it is determined whether linear chirp exists within the signal.

[0009] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure may provide one or more technical advantages.For example, certain embodiments may provide efficient utilization of unlicensed frequency bands, which is mission critical in modern communications.

[0010] Radar detection plays a major role in the selection of the desired frequency band for DFS. Another advantage may be that certain embodiments detect the presence of linear chirps in received baseband signals. By analyzing the chirp-like characteristics of received radio signals, chirp-like transmitted radar signals may be distinguished from WiFi traffic and thus avoid false alarms with major WiFi interference scenarios.

[0011] Yet another advantage may be that certain embodiments use cross-correlation and frequency analysis to detect chirp characteristics.

[0012] Yet another advantage may be that certain embodiments provide an approximate bandwidth of the chirp.

[0013] Other advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Some embodiments may have none, some, or all of the described advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] For a more complete understanding of the disclosed embodiments and their features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0015] Figure 1 An example context for a DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) algorithm in a Radio Access Technology (RAT) receiver is shown according to certain embodiments;

[0016] Figure 2 shows a graph demonstrating example temporal characteristics of a radar signal according to certain embodiments;

[0017] Figure 3 An example block diagram of a linear chirp detection method according to some embodiments is shown;

[0018] Figure 4 shows an example graph in the time domain of a linear chirp according to certain embodiments;

[0019] Figure 5 illustrates an example graph of the instantaneous phase of a linear chirp according to certain embodiments;

[0020] Figure 6 illustrates an example graph of instantaneous frequency of a linear chirp according to certain embodiments;

[0021] Figure 7 An example graph showing instantaneous frequency differences in a linear chirp according to certain embodiments;

[0022] Figure 8 shows an example mathematical view of linear chirp detection according to certain embodiments;

[0023] Fig. 9 shows an example conceptual diagram of discrete time chirp detection according to certain embodiments;

[0024] Fig.10 shows an example conceptual diagram of discrete time chirp detection according to certain embodiments;

[0025] Fig.11 shows an example graph of a time domain cross-correlation between two halves of a linear chirp according to certain embodiments;

[0026] Fig.12 shows an example frequency domain plot of the cross-correlation between two halves of a linear chirp according to certain embodiments;

[0027] Fig.13 shows an exemplary network for linear chirp detection according to certain embodiments;

[0028] Fig.14 illustrates an example network node for linear chirp detection according to certain embodiments;

[0029] Fig.15 An example wireless device for linear chirp detection in accordance with certain embodiments is shown;

[0030] Fig.16 illustrates an example user device according to certain embodiments;

[0031] Fig.17 illustrates an example virtualized environment according to certain embodiments;

[0032] Fig.18 shows a telecommunications network connected to a host computer via an intermediate network according to some embodiments;

[0033] Fig.19 shows a generalized block diagram of a host computer communicating with a user device via a base station over a partially wireless connection in accordance with certain embodiments;

[0034] Fig. 20 A method implemented in a communication system according to an embodiment is shown;

[0035] Fig.21 Another method implemented in a communication system according to an embodiment is shown;

[0036] Fig. 22 Another method implemented in a communication system according to an embodiment is shown;

[0037] Fig.23 Another method implemented in a communication system according to an embodiment is shown;

[0038] Fig.24 An example method for linear chirp detection by a network node according to certain embodiments is shown; and

[0039] Fig.25 An example virtual computing device for linear chirp detection is shown in accordance with certain embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Specific embodiments of the present invention may provide a solution for providing a tunable detector for detecting linear chirp radar signals in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) based system. Specifically, since the chirp signal characteristics do not exist in OFDMA based devices, in the frequency band where the two systems should coexist without interfering with each other, the optimal chirp detection algorithm effectively filters out all chirp signals similar to signal devices (e.g., radar) from OFDM based devices.

[0041] According to certain embodiments described herein, a method is provided to facilitate an easily tunable detection algorithm for estimation and detection of linear chirp, wherein the computational complexity in the algorithm is scalable and can therefore be more efficient than existing market solutions. The latter is made possible by decimating received time-domain linear chirp samples and by requiring only one discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to detect and estimate the linear chirp characteristics. In contrast, in current market solutions, several DFTs are utilized and performed at a sampling frequency covering the entire maximum bandwidth of the chirp. However, the methods and techniques described herein use correlation together with one DFT for frequency analysis, replacing multiple DFTs with one operation in the time domain. This provides a more efficient digital signal processor (DSP) implementation because it consists of complex multiplications followed by one DFT operation.

[0042] According to certain embodiments, time domain operations can reduce the bandwidth of the chirp, so that the sampling period can be reduced, thereby reducing the computational complexity in previous computational steps in the algorithm. The described time domain operations can also effectively filter out the bandwidth of the chirp compared to existing market solutions, where several DFT operations are followed by an estimation block in which the DFT is analyzed to detect whether there is a linear increase in frequency.

[0043] In the attached figure Figure 1-25 Specific embodiments are described in detail in the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals are used for like and corresponding parts in the various drawings. Figure 1 An exemplary context 100 is shown for a dynamic frequency selection (DFS) algorithm in a radio access technology (RAT) digital unit 110 in accordance with certain embodiments. In a particular embodiment, the RAT digital unit 110 is a RAT transceiver.

[0044] The radar detector 115 performs components of the DFS algorithm that would be implemented in a RAT transceiver along with the inherent RAT channel estimation, modulator / demodulator, and encoding / decoding modules. The radar detector operates on digitized complex radio frequency (RF) samples received from the RF unit 120 via a common public radio interface (CPRI) or fiber link. According to certain embodiments described herein, a detector is provided that detects the presence of intercepted linear chirps in the RF samples. Prior to the detector 125 is a pulse detection block 130 that detects that energy has been detected for a short duration. The short duration energy is followed by a period of silence that then repeats itself, and the energy characterizes a potential intercepted radar signal in the RF sample.

[0045] Figure 2 2 is a graph 200 demonstrating example temporal characteristics of a radar signal, in accordance with certain embodiments. As depicted, the radar signal includes bursts 210 of pulses of pulse width 215 that repeat according to a pulse repetition interval 220.

[0046] If the pulse width 210 is near the transmission length in a time division duplex (TDD) system, the pulse detection block cannot distinguish whether the pulse train originates from a TDD system such as WiFi or from a radar source. However, for long pulse radars, the pulses are modulated by a linear chirp that characterizes the source. If a chirp is detected, it can be used as a condition to determine the type of intercept source. According to certain embodiments, a linear chirp detector as disclosed herein provides an easily implementable and efficient detector to avoid false triggering of sources other than radar. This is critical because a falsely detected radar source causes the radio access controller (RAC) portion of the DFS algorithm to shut down the operating carrier for thirty minutes in accordance with FCC rules.

[0047] For example, Figure 1 As shown, the digital unit 110 in the RAT transceiver receives the complex RF samples and stores them for further processing. According to some embodiments, the received complex signal, which may be a complete radar pulse or a portion of a radar pulse, is divided into at least two groups of signals. In a specific embodiment, each of the at least two signal groups may have the same duration and length. In another embodiment, the at least two groups of signals may have different durations. In this case, the resulting sample group may be equal to the group with the shortest duration, so that M-min (ND, D).

[0048] In the case of a multi-antenna configuration, in certain embodiments, chirp detection may be performed on antenna combined samples. In other words, samples received on different antennas may be combined. According to certain specific embodiments, the combined samples may then be used for further processing. This may be done in the DU, and the combined samples may be fed to the radar detection. However, it should be appreciated that such antenna combining is an optional step that is not mandatory.

[0049] Although the steps performed by the pulse detector 125 for pulse detection are not described in detail, the pulse detector 125 can detect pulses by comparing the intercepted signal power to a threshold and, once a pulse is found, use it as a trigger for the linear chirp detector 130. The pulse detector 125 then delivers a sample of the received pulse to the chirp detector 130.

[0050] By performing a cross-correlation, the chirp detector 130 can then determine the phase change. For example, in a particular embodiment where the sample group includes at least a first sample group and a second sample group, the phase change can be determined by performing an element-by-element complex multiplication between the first sample group and the conjugate of the second sample group. In the case of linear chirp, the rate of change of phase is constant between at least two groups of samples, which forms a sine wave in which half of the frequency change in a linear chip is truncated.

[0051] One way to detect linear chirp radar is to identify the linearity of frequency variations in the intercepted signal. According to certain embodiments, a method using digitized time domain samples of a chirp signal is provided. Figure 3 An example block diagram 300 of a linear chirp detection method according to some embodiments is shown. As shown in the figure, the method includes the following steps in the chirp detection process:

[0052] 1. Buffer N complex / real samples containing the chirp signal.

[0053] 2. Divide the buffered IQ data into at least two groups of samples with a certain duration, which may be D samples divided by the sample rate.

[0054] 3. Find the cross-correlation of the at least two groups of samples.

[0055] 4. Use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to find the relevant frequency characteristics. Optionally, incoherent combining of FFTs can be performed to improve noise.

[0056] 5. Compare the peak values ​​observed in the FFT and compare with the thresholds to declare as chirp and chirp width.

[0057] A linear chirp signal in the time domain is defined as a complex signal with a linearly increasing frequency, as shown in Equation 1:

[0058]

[0059] As shown in Equation 2, the phase of the chirp signal is is a function of , where its frequency is given by:

[0060]

[0061] By defining in Equation 3:

[0062]

[0063] in f c is the starting frequency, β is the linear chirp width, and T is the linear chirp duration, the frequency will be a linear function of t as shown in Equation 4:

[0064]

[0065] From Equation 4, it can be concluded that during the chirp duration T, the frequency changes from f c Scan to f c +β.

[0066] Figure 4 An example graph 400 of the time domain of a linear chirp according to some embodiments is shown. Specifically, Figure 4 shows a starting frequency of 1 MHz f c and a linear chirp signal with a chirp duration of 15 μs.

[0067] Figure 5 An example graph 500 showing the instantaneous phase of a linear chirp according to some embodiments, Figure 6 An example graph 600 of instantaneous frequency of a linear chirp according to some embodiments is shown. The instantaneous frequency starts at 1 MHz and ends at 6 MHz because the chirp width is 5 MHz.

[0068] Figure 7 An exemplary graph 700 of instantaneous frequency difference in a linear chirp according to some embodiments is shown. More specifically, Figure 7 The instantaneous frequency difference between the two halves of a linear chirp is shown. As the frequency increases linearly, the frequency difference between any two moments that are the same time apart is constant. The frequency difference between the two points is half the chip duration and is constant, equal to half the chirp width of 2.5MHz.

[0069] Figure 8 An example mathematical diagram 800 of linear chirp detection according to some embodiments is shown. Figure 8 As shown, element-wise conjugate multiplication is performed between D segments of chirped pulse samples of length T, the result is passed through an FFT, and an estimated chirp width is derived from the output FFT spectrum.

[0070] By using the convolution theorem in equation 5 below, it can be shown that Figure 8 The operation between h(t) and g*(t) in corresponds to the convolution in the frequency domain:

[0071]

[0072] As shown in Equations 6 and 7 below, the right side can be identified as the operation performed in Figure 8, where:

[0073]

[0074] Where T s is the sampling time / duration.

[0075] As shown in equations 8 and 9 below, the corresponding Fourier transform will be:

[0076]

[0077] Recall the definition of chirp in Equation 10 according to Rewrite :

[0078]

[0079] For Equation 11 And insert:

[0080]

[0081] The convolution in Equation 12 is defined as:

[0082]

[0083] Using Equation 8 and Equation 11, replace and , the convolution between the Dirac functions is equal to Equation 13:

[0084]

[0085] It can be seen that Only for As shown in Equation 14, for ,use To solve the corresponding ω:

[0086]

[0087] The relationship in Equation 14 will hold for any , where t0 is the start time of the chirp. The continuous input signal to the FFT block in Figure 8 can then be written as Equation 15:

[0088]

[0089] in, .

[0090] The time domain function is then passed through the FFT in Equation 16:

[0091]

[0092] where w is the window function for the received linear chirp signal.

[0093] Assuming w(t) is rectangular, its spectrum W(ω) will be given by the sinc function. Therefore, the output from the FFT will be located at The sinc of the frequency axis is The model in Equation 16 can be used to derive the desired detection performance for arbitrary amplitudes A and lengths T, using a selected window function W as a design choice in Equation 17:

[0094] P detection = f (A,W,T)

[0095] where A is the magnitude of y, which has been set to unity in the conceptual overview for simplicity.

[0096] As mentioned above, Figure 8 The discrete time domain is shown. In a particular embodiment, the bandwidth of the chirp after time domain processing is shown by Equation 15 as reduced by D. Therefore, the sampling rate in the algorithm can be decimate by D. Thus, according to certain embodiments, the parameter D helps to adjust the computational complexity in the algorithm based on the available DSP resources of the selected hardware platform. In a particular embodiment, a decimation factor of two can be used.

[0097] Fig. 9 An example conceptual diagram 900 of discrete-time chirp detection is shown in accordance with certain embodiments.

[0098] Fig.10 An example of complex multiplication 1000 in the time domain according to some embodiments is shown. Specifically, digitized complex or real data is stored in a buffer for use in the linear chirp detection process. Consider that there are N samples in the linear chirp. The buffer may contain all or part of the linear chirp radar pulse.

[0099] like Fig.10 As shown, the linear chip data buffer can be divided into at least two groups of samples. For example, the first group can include a first number of D samples of the linear chirp, and the second group can include the remaining ND samples of the linear chirp. The correlation between the at least two groups of samples is performed by complex multiplication of the samples. For example, an element-by-element complex multiplication of the conjugate of the D samples in the first sample group and the ND samples in the second sample group can be performed. The resulting sample group is M samples, which are stored in another buffer. The result is a phase change between the at least two groups of samples after a (D / sampling rate) duration.

[0100] In a particular embodiment, the length of the buffer is equal to M, and M is equal to D or the nearest power of two. If M is greater than D, the (MD) values ​​are suffixed with zeros, such as Fig.10 In certain embodiments, if more than two sample groups have different durations, the shortest duration may be used to determine the number of samples to which the suffix is ​​to be added.

[0101] In a particular embodiment, an FFT is performed on the correlation data to find the frequency characteristics. A peak search can then be performed on the FFT output. A peak to noise floor ratio is calculated and the value is compared to a threshold to avoid false alarms. If the peak to noise floor ratio is greater than the threshold, a linear chirp is declared to be found and the chirp width is twice the frequency corresponding to the peak.

[0102] According to certain embodiments, the method is tunable for different sampling rates and different FFT sizes. If the load on the processor is critical, the proposed algorithm can be run at a reduced sampling rate by selecting one sample for every D samples from the digitized sample buffer. In certain embodiments, the length of the FFT may also be configurable. For example, in certain embodiments, the length of the FFT may be inversely proportional to the accuracy of the detected chirp width.

[0103] Fig.11 An example graph 1100 is shown of the time domain correlation between two halves of a linear chirp in accordance with some embodiments.

[0104] In the case of a sinusoidal signal, the value of β is zero and its constant phase difference is The frequency of the sinusoidal signal This can be detected using DFT. If necessary, ρ will be suffixed with zeros before FFT. Fig.12 The FFT of ρ(m) is given in , which shows an example frequency domain plot 1200 of the cross-correlation between the two halves of a linear chirp according to some embodiments. The frequency of the sinusoidal signal is estimated by finding the peak power and its corresponding frequency. Fig.12 The frequency component with the maximum power is 2.52 MHz. The accuracy of the frequency depends on the number of FFT points used. The detected frequency 2.52 MHz is approximately equal to Fig.12 By giving a threshold on the difference between the peak power and the noise floor, false alarms can be avoided by taking into account the observed frequency difference between the two halves of the spectrum (2.496 MHz).

[0105] As described in Equation 16 and Fig.12 As shown in , the presence of chirp can be seen as a clear peak in the DFT spectrum at half the chirp width. The detection criterion in DFT post-processing is based on the SINR of the spectrum peak.

[0106] 1)

[0107] where f peaki is the index of the peak in the spectrum, f noisei is the index of every other sample except the peak index in the spectrum, and Th is a constant design value.

[0108] Fig.131 is a block diagram of a wireless network 1300 for linear chirp detection according to some embodiments. Although the subject matter described herein can be implemented in any suitable type of system using any suitable components, the embodiments disclosed herein are directed to wireless networks such as Fig.13 For simplicity, Fig.13 The wireless network of FIG. 1 depicts only network 1306, network nodes 1360 and 1360b, and WDs 1310, 1310b, and 1310c. In practice, the wireless network may further include any additional elements suitable for supporting communication between wireless devices or between a wireless device and another communication device, such as a landline phone, a service provider, or any other network node or end device. In the components shown, network node 1360 and wireless device (WD) 1310 are depicted with additional details. The wireless network may provide communication and other types of services to one or more wireless devices to facilitate wireless devices to access and / or use services provided by or via the wireless network.

[0109] A wireless network may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular and / or radio network or other similar type of system. In some embodiments, a wireless network may be configured to operate according to a specific standard or other type of predefined rules or procedures. Thus, specific embodiments of a wireless network may implement communication standards such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G standards; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards such as IEEE 802.11 standards; and / or any other suitable wireless communication standards such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave and / or ZigBee standards.

[0110] The network 1306 may include one or more backhaul networks, core networks, IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTN), packet data networks, optical networks, wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wired networks, wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks that enable communication between devices.

[0111] The network node 1360 and WD 1310 include various components described in more detail below. These components work together to provide network node and / or wireless device functionality, such as providing wireless connections in a wireless network. In different embodiments, the wireless network may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices, relay stations, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in transmitting data and / or signals via a wired or wireless connection.

[0112] Fig.14 An example network node 1360 for linear chirp detection according to certain embodiments is shown. As used herein, a network node refers to a device that is capable of, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a wireless device and / or with other network nodes or devices in a wireless network to enable and / or provide wireless access to a wireless device and / or perform other functions (e.g., management) in the wireless network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs), and NR NodeBs (gNBs)). Base stations may be classified based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, in other words, their transmit power levels), and may then also be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node that controls a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station, such as a centralized digital unit and / or a remote radio unit (RRU), sometimes referred to as a remote radio head (RRH). Such a remote radio unit may or may not be integrated with an antenna as a radio device with an integrated antenna. Portions of distributed radio base stations may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS). Still other examples of network nodes include multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment (such as an MSR BS), a network controller (such as a radio network controller (RNC) or a base station controller (BSC)), a base transceiver station (BTS), a transmission point, a transmission node, a multi-cell / multicast coordination entity (MCE), a core network node (e.g., MSC, MME), an O&M node, an OSS node, a SON node, a positioning node (e.g., E-SMLC), and / or an MDT. As another example, a network node may be a virtual network node, as described in more detail below. However, more generally, a network node may represent any suitable device (or device group) that is capable of, configured, arranged, and / or operable to implement and / or provide a wireless device with access to a wireless network or to provide a certain service to a wireless device that has accessed a wireless network.

[0113] exist Fig.14 In the embodiment, the network node 1360 includes a processing circuit 1370, a device readable medium 1380, an interface 1390, an auxiliary device 1384, a power supply 1386, a power circuit 1387, and an antenna 1362. Fig.13The network node 1360 shown in the example wireless network of can represent a device including the illustrated combination of hardware components, but other embodiments can include network nodes with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that the network node includes any suitable combination of hardware and / or software required to perform the tasks, features, functions, and methods disclosed herein. In addition, although the components of the network node 1360 are depicted as a single box located within a larger box or nested within multiple boxes, in reality, the network node can include multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component (for example, the device readable medium 1380 can include multiple separate hard drives and multiple RAM modules).

[0114] Similarly, the network node 1360 may be composed of multiple physically separated components (e.g., NodeB components and RNC components or BTS components and BSC components, etc.), each of which may have its own corresponding components. In some cases where the network node 1360 includes multiple individual components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of the individual components may be shared between several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In this case, each unique NodeB and RNC pair may be considered a single individual network node in some instances. In some embodiments, the network node 1360 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such an embodiment, some components may be repeated (e.g., separate device-readable storage media 1380 for different RATs), and some components may be reused (e.g., RATs may share the same antenna 1362). The network node 1060 may also include multiple sets of various illustrated components for different wireless technologies (such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, or Bluetooth wireless technologies) integrated into the network node 1360. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or chipsets and other components within network node 1360 .

[0115] The processing circuit 1370 is configured to perform any determination, calculation, or similar operation (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being provided by the network node. These operations performed by the processing circuit 1370 may include processing information obtained by the processing circuit 1370, for example, by converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or the converted information with information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or the converted information and making a determination as a result of the processing.

[0116] The processing circuit 1370 may include a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a central processing unit, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or a combination of hardware, software, and / or encoded logic operable to provide network node 1360 functionality alone or in conjunction with other network node 1360 components (such as device readable medium 1380). For example, the processing circuit 1370 may execute instructions stored in the device readable medium 1380 or in a memory within the processing circuit 1370. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features, functions, or benefits discussed herein. In some embodiments, the processing circuit 1370 may include a system on a chip (SOC).

[0117] In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1370 may include one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1372 and baseband processing circuitry 1374. In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1372 and baseband processing circuitry 1374 may be on separate chips (or chipsets), boards, or units (such as a radio unit and a digital unit). In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1372 and baseband processing circuitry 1374 may be on the same chip or chipset, board, or unit.

[0118] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as provided by a network node, base station, eNB, or other such network device may be performed by a processing circuit 1370 executing instructions stored in a memory or device-readable medium 1380 within the processing circuit 1370. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuit 1370, such as in a hardwired manner, without the need to execute instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable medium. In any of those embodiments, the processing circuit 1370 can be configured to perform the described functionality, regardless of whether instructions stored on a device-readable storage medium are executed. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuit 1370 alone or other components of the network node 1360, but are enjoyed by the network node 1360 as a whole, and / or generally by end users and wireless networks.

[0119] Device readable medium 1380 may include any form of volatile or non-volatile computer readable memory, including but not limited to permanent storage devices, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (e.g., hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., flash drive, compact disk (CD), or digital video disk (DVD)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and / or computer executable memory device that stores information, data, and / or instructions that can be used by processing circuit 1370. Device readable medium 1380 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including computer programs, software, applications including one or more of logic, rules, codes, tables, etc., and / or other instructions that can be executed by processing circuit 1370 and utilized by network node 1360. Device readable medium 1380 may be used to store any calculations performed by processing circuit 1370 and / or any data received via interface 1390. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1370 and device readable medium 1380 may be considered integrated.

[0120] Interface 1390 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between network node 1360, network 1306 and / or WD 1310. As shown, interface 1390 includes (one or more) ports / (one or more) terminals 1394 to send data to network 1306 and receive data from network 1306 through a wired connection, for example. Interface 1390 also includes radio front-end circuit 1392, which can be coupled to antenna 1362, or in some embodiments is part of antenna 1362. Radio front-end circuit 1392 includes filter 1398 and amplifier 1396. Radio front-end circuit 1392 can be connected to antenna 1362 and processing circuit 1370. Radio front-end circuit can be configured to adjust the signal transmitted between antenna 1362 and processing circuit 1370. Radio front-end circuit 1392 can receive digital data to be sent to other network nodes or WDs via wireless connection. The radio front end circuit 1392 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1398 and / or amplifiers 1396. The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna 1362. Similarly, when data is received, antenna 1362 may collect the radio signals, which are then converted into digital data by the radio front end circuit 1392. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuit 1370. In other embodiments, the interface may include different components and / or different combinations of components.

[0121] In some alternative embodiments, the network node 1360 may not include a separate radio front end circuit 1092, and instead the processing circuit 1370 may include the radio front end circuit and may be connected to the antenna 1362 without the separate radio front end circuit 1392. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuit 1372 may be considered part of the interface 1390. In still other embodiments, the interface 1390 may include one or more ports or terminals 1394, the radio front end circuit 1392, and the RF transceiver circuit 1372 as part of a radio unit (not shown), and the interface 1390 may communicate with the baseband processing circuit 1374, which is part of the digital unit (not shown).

[0122] Antenna 1362 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. Antenna 1362 may be coupled to radio front-end circuit 1390 and may be any type of antenna capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data and / or signals. In some embodiments, antenna 1362 may include one or more omnidirectional, sector or flat panel antennas operable to transmit / receive, for example, radio signals between 2 GHz and 66 GHz. Omnidirectional antennas may be used to transmit / receive radio signals in any direction, sector antennas may be used to transmit / receive radio signals from devices within a specific area, and flat panel antennas may be line of sight antennas for transmitting / receiving radio signals in a relatively straight line. In some instances, the use of more than one antenna may be referred to as MIMO. In some embodiments, antenna 1362 may be separate from network node 1360 and may be connected to network node 1360 via an interface or port.

[0123] Antenna 1362, interface 1390 and / or processing circuit 1370 can be configured to perform any receiving operation and / or certain obtaining operation described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and / or signal can be received from a wireless device, another network node and / or any other network device. Similarly, antenna 1362, interface 1390 and / or processing circuit 1370 can be configured to perform any transmitting operation described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and / or signal can be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node and / or any other network device.

[0124] The power circuit 1387 may include or be coupled to a power management circuit and is configured to supply power for performing the functionality described herein to the components of the network node 1360. The power circuit 1387 may receive power from the power supply 1386. The power supply 1386 and / or the power circuit 1387 may be configured to provide power to the various components of the network node 1360 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at the voltage and current levels required by each respective component). The power supply 1386 may be included in the power circuit 1387 and / or the network node 1360 or outside the power circuit 1387 and / or the network node 1360. For example, the network node 1360 may be connected to an external power source (e.g., an electrical socket) via an input circuit or interface (such as a cable), whereby the external power source supplies power to the power circuit 1387. As another example, the power supply 1386 may include a power source in the form of a battery or battery pack, which is connected to the power circuit 1387 or integrated in the power circuit 1387. If the external power supply fails, the battery may provide a backup power source. Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, may also be used.

[0125] Alternative embodiments of network node 1360 may include, in addition to Fig.13 , which may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the functionality of the network node, including any functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 1360 may include a user interface device to allow information to be input into the network node 1360 and to allow information to be output from the network node 1360. This may allow a user to perform diagnostics, maintenance, repair, and other management functions on the network node 1360.

[0126] Fig.15A wireless device (WD) for linear chirp detection according to certain embodiments is shown. A wireless device (WD) as used herein refers to a device capable of, configured to, arranged to, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with a network node and / or other wireless devices. Unless otherwise indicated, the term WD may be used interchangeably with a user equipment (UE) herein. Wireless communication may involve the use of electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information through the air to transmit and / or receive wireless signals. In some embodiments, a WD may be configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For example, a WD may be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to a request from the network. Examples of WD include, but are not limited to, smart phones, mobile phones, cellular phones, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, desktop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless cameras, game consoles or devices, music storage devices, playback devices, wearable terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, tablets, laptop computers, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop mounted devices (LMEs), smart devices, wireless client equipment (CPEs), vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, etc. For example, by implementing 3GPP standards for sidelink communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X), WDs can support device-to-device (D2D) communication, and in this case WDs can be referred to as D2D communication devices. As another specific example, in the case of the Internet of Things (IoT), WDs can represent machines or other devices that perform monitoring and / or measurement, and transmit the results of such monitoring and / or measurement to another WD and / or network node. In this case, WDs can be machine-to-machine (M2M) devices, which can be referred to as MTC devices in the 3GPP context. As a specific example, a WD may be a UE that implements the 3GPP Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) standard. Specific examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices (such as power meters), industrial machinery or household or personal appliances (e.g., refrigerators, televisions, etc.), personal wearable devices (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.). In other cases, a WD may represent a vehicle or other device that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting its operating status or other functions associated with its operation. A WD as described above may represent an endpoint of a wireless connection, in which case the device may be referred to as a wireless terminal. In addition, a WD as described above may be mobile, in which case it may also be referred to as a mobile device or a mobile terminal.

[0127] As shown, wireless device 1310 includes antenna 1311, interface 1314, processing circuit 1320, device readable medium 1330, user interface device 1332, auxiliary device 1334, power supply 1336 and power circuit 1337. WD 1310 may include multiple sets of one or more of the illustrated components for different wireless technologies supported by WD 1310, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, WiMAX, or Bluetooth wireless technologies, to mention just a few. These wireless technologies may be integrated into a chip or chipset that is the same or different from other components within WD 1310.

[0128] Antenna 1311 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays configured to send and / or receive wireless signals, and is connected to interface 1314. In some alternative embodiments, antenna 1311 may be separated from WD 1310 and may be connected to WD 1310 via an interface or port. Antenna 1311, interface 1314, and / or processing circuit 1320 may be configured to perform any receiving or transmitting operation described herein as being performed by WD. Any information, data, and / or signal may be received from a network node and / or another WD. In some embodiments, radio front-end circuitry and / or antenna 1311 may be considered an interface.

[0129] As shown, the interface 1314 includes a radio front-end circuit 1312 and an antenna 1311. The radio front-end circuit 1312 includes one or more filters 1318 and an amplifier 1016. The radio front-end circuit 1314 is connected to the antenna 1311 and the processing circuit 1320, and is configured to adjust the signals transmitted between the antenna 1311 and the processing circuit 1320. The radio front-end circuit 1312 may be coupled to the antenna 1311 or be part of the antenna 1311. In some embodiments, the WD 1310 may not include a separate radio front-end circuit 1312; instead, the processing circuit 1320 may include the radio front-end circuit and may be connected to the antenna 1311. Similarly, in some embodiments, some or all of the RF transceiver circuit 1322 may be considered to be part of the interface 1314. The radio front-end circuit 1312 may receive digital data to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuit 1312 may use a combination of filters 1318 and / or amplifiers 1316 to convert the digital data into a radio signal with appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters. The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna 1311. Similarly, when data is received, antenna 1311 may collect the radio signals, which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuit 1312. The digital data may be passed to processing circuit 1320. In other embodiments, the interface may include different components and / or different combinations of components.

[0130] The processing circuit 1320 may include a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a central processing unit, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or a combination of hardware, software, and / or encoded logic that is operable to provide WD 1310 functionality alone or in conjunction with other WD 1310 components (such as device readable medium 1330). Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features or benefits discussed herein. For example, the processing circuit 1320 may execute instructions stored in the device readable medium 1330 or in a memory within the processing circuit 1320 to provide the functionality disclosed herein.

[0131] As shown, the processing circuit 1320 includes one or more of the RF transceiver circuit 1322, the baseband processing circuit 1324, and the application processing circuit 1326. In other embodiments, the processing circuit may include different components and / or different combinations of components. In some embodiments, the processing circuit 1320 of the WD 1310 may include a SOC. In some embodiments, the RF transceiver circuit 1322, the baseband processing circuit 1324, and the application processing circuit 1326 may be on a separate chip or chipset. In alternative embodiments, part or all of the baseband processing circuit 1324 and the application processing circuit 1326 may be combined into one chip or chipset, and the RF transceiver circuit 1322 may be on a separate chip or chipset. In some further alternative embodiments, part or all of the RF transceiver circuit 1322 and the baseband processing circuit 1324 may be on the same chip or chipset, and the application processing circuit 1326 may be on a separate chip or chipset. In yet other alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuit 1322, baseband processing circuit 1324, and application processing circuit 1326 may be combined in the same chip or chipset. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuit 1322 may be part of interface 1314. RF transceiver circuit 1322 may condition RF signals for processing circuit 1320.

[0132] In some embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being performed by the WD may be provided by a processing circuit 1320 executing instructions stored on a device-readable medium 1330, which in some embodiments may be a computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuit 1320, such as in a hardwired manner, without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium. In any of those specific embodiments, the processing circuit 1320 can be configured to perform the described functionality, regardless of whether instructions stored on a device-readable storage medium are executed. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuit 1320 alone or to other components of the WD 1310, but are enjoyed by the WD 1310 as a whole, and / or are generally enjoyed by end users and wireless networks.

[0133] Processing circuit 1320 may be configured to perform any determination, calculation, or similar operation (e.g., certain acquisition operations) described herein as being performed by WD. Such operations performed by processing circuit 1320 may include processing information obtained by processing circuit 1320, such as by converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or the converted information with information stored by WD 1310, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or the converted information and making a determination as a result of the processing.

[0134] Device readable medium 1330 may be operable to store computer programs, software, applications including one or more of logic, rules, codes, tables, etc., and / or other instructions executable by processing circuit 1320. Device readable medium 1330 may include computer memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., compact disk (CD) or digital video disk (DVD)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory device that stores information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by processing circuit 1320. In some embodiments, processing circuit 1320 and device readable medium 1330 may be considered integrated.

[0135] The user interface device 1332 may provide a component that allows a human user to interact with the WD 1310. This interaction may have a variety of forms, such as visual, auditory, tactile, etc. The user interface device 1332 may be operable to generate output to the user and allow the user to provide input to the WD 1310. The type of interaction may vary depending on the type of user interface device 1332 installed in the WD 1310. For example, if the WD 1310 is a smart phone, the interaction may be performed via a touch screen; if the WD 1310 is a smart meter, the interaction may be performed through a screen that provides usage (e.g., the number of gallons used) or a speaker that provides an audible alarm (e.g., if smoke is detected). The user interface device 1332 may include an input interface, device, and circuit, as well as an output interface, device, and circuit. The user interface device 1332 is configured to allow information to be input into the WD 1310, and is connected to the processing circuit 1320 to allow the processing circuit 1320 to process the input information. User interface device 1332 may include, for example, a microphone, proximity sensor or other sensor, key / button, touch display, one or more cameras, USB port or other input circuit. User interface device 1332 is also configured to allow information to be output from WD 1310, and allows processing circuit 1320 to output information from WD 1310. User interface device 1332 may include, for example, a speaker, display, vibration circuit, USB port, headphone jack or other output circuit. Using one or more input and output interfaces, devices and circuits of user interface device 1332, WD 1310 can communicate with end users and / or wireless networks, and allow them to benefit from the functionality described herein.

[0136] Auxiliary device 1334 is operable to provide more specific functionality that may not normally be performed by a WD. This may include specialized sensors for taking measurements for various purposes, interfaces for additional types of communications such as wired communications, etc. The inclusion and type of components of auxiliary device 1334 may vary depending on the embodiment and / or situation.

[0137] In some embodiments, the power supply 1336 may take the form of a battery or battery pack. Other types of power supplies may also be used, such as an external power supply (e.g., an electrical socket), a photovoltaic device, or a power battery. The WD 1310 may further include a power circuit 1337 for delivering power from the power supply 1336 to the various parts of the WD 1310 that need power from the power supply 1336 to perform any functionality described or indicated herein. In some embodiments, the power circuit 1337 may include a power management circuit. The power circuit 1337 may additionally or alternatively be operable to receive power from an external power supply; in this case, the WD 1310 may be connected to an external power supply (such as an electrical socket) via an input circuit or interface (such as a power cable). In some embodiments, the power circuit 1337 may also be operable to deliver power from an external power supply to the power supply 1336. For example, this may be used for charging the power supply 1336. The power circuit 1337 may perform any formatting, conversion, or other modifications to the power from the power supply 1336 so that the power is suitable for the corresponding components of the WD 1310 that is supplied with power.

[0138] Fig.16 An embodiment of a UE in accordance with various aspects described herein is illustrated. As used herein, a user equipment or UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the associated device. Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is intended to be sold to or operated by a human user, but that may not be, or may not initially be, associated with a particular human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended to be sold to or operated by an end user, but that may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart meter). UE 16200 may be any UE identified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a NB-IoT UE, a Machine Type Communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE. As Fig.11 The UE 1600 illustrated in FIG. 1 is an example of a WD configured to communicate in accordance with one or more communication standards promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as 3GPP's GSM, UMTS, LTE, and / or 5G standards. As previously mentioned, the terms WD and UE may be used interchangeably. Thus, although Fig.11 It is a UE, but the components discussed in this article are also applicable to WD, and vice versa.

[0139] exist Fig.16In the embodiment, UE 1600 includes a processing circuit 1601, which is operably coupled to an input / output interface 1605, a radio frequency (RF) interface 1609, a network connection interface 1611, a memory 1615 including a random access memory (RAM) 1617, a read-only memory (ROM) 1619, and a storage medium 1621, a communication subsystem 1631, a power supply 1633, and / or any other components or any combination thereof. The storage medium 1621 includes an operating system 1623, an application 1625, and data 1627. In other embodiments, the storage medium 1621 may include other similar types of information. Some UEs may utilize Fig.16 All components shown in the UE may be used, or only a subset of the components may be used. The degree of integration between components may vary from one UE to another. In addition, some UEs may contain multiple instances of components, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

[0140] exist Fig.16 In the embodiment of the present invention, the processing circuit 1601 can be configured to process computer instructions and data. The processing circuit 1601 can be configured to implement any sequential state machine operable to execute machine instructions stored in a memory as a machine-readable computer program, such as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, FPGA, ASIC, etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored program, general-purpose processors, such as microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSPs), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuit 1601 may include two central processing units (CPUs). The data may be information in a form suitable for use by a computer.

[0141] In the depicted embodiment, the input / output interface 1605 may be configured to provide a communication interface to an input device, an output device, or an input and output device. The UE 1600 may be configured to use an output device via the input / output interface 1405. The output device may use an interface port of the same type as the input device. For example, a USB port may be used to provide input to the UE 1600 and output from the UE 1600. The output device may be a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, a transmitter, a smart card, another output device, or any combination thereof. The UE 1600 may be configured to use an input device via the input / output interface 1605 to allow a user to capture information into the UE 1600. The input device may include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a webcam, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a roller, a smart card, etc. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from the user. For example, the sensor can be an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, a light sensor, a proximity sensor, another similar sensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device can be an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and a light sensor.

[0142] exist Fig.16 In the embodiment of the present invention, the RF interface 1609 can be configured to provide a communication interface to the RF components (such as transmitters, receivers and antennas). The network connection interface 1611 can be configured to provide a communication interface to the network 1643a. The network 1643a can cover wired and / or wireless networks, such as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), computer networks, wireless networks, telecommunication networks, another similar network or any combination thereof. For example, the network 1643a can include a Wi-Fi network. The network connection interface 1611 can be configured to include a receiver and a transmitter interface for communicating with one or more other devices through a communication network according to one or more communication protocols (such as Ethernet, TCP / IP, SONET, ATM, etc.). The network connection interface 1611 can implement receiver and transmitter functionality suitable for communication network links (e.g., optical, electrical, etc.). The transmitter and receiver functions can share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively can be implemented separately.

[0143] RAM 1617 may be configured to interface with processing circuit 1601 via bus 1602 to provide storage or caching of data or computer instructions during execution of software programs such as operating systems, applications, and device drivers. ROM 1619 may be configured to provide computer instructions or data to processing circuit 1601. For example, ROM 1619 may be configured to store unchanged low-level system code or data of basic system functions stored in non-volatile memory, such as basic input and output (I / O), startup, or receiving keystrokes from a keyboard. Storage medium 1621 may be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disk, optical disk, floppy disk, hard disk, removable cassette, or flash drive. In one example, storage medium 1621 may be configured to include operating system 1623, application 1625 (such as a web browser application, a widget or gadget engine, or another application), and data file 1627. The storage medium 1621 may store any of a variety of operating systems or combinations of operating systems for use by the UE 1600 .

[0144] The storage medium 1621 may be configured to include multiple physical drive units, such as a redundant array of independent disks (RAID), a floppy disk drive, a flash memory, a USB flash drive, an external hard drive, a thumb drive, a pen drive, a key drive, a high-density digital versatile disk (HD-DVD) optical drive, an internal hard drive, a Blu-ray optical drive, a holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical drive, an external mini dual in-line memory module (DIMM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), an external micro DIMM SDRAM, a smart card memory (such as a subscriber identity module or a removable user identity (SIM / RUIM) module), other memory or any combination thereof. The storage medium 1121 may allow the UE 1600 to access computer executable instructions, applications, etc. stored on a temporary or non-temporary storage medium to unload data or upload data. An article such as utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied in the storage medium 1621, which may include a device-readable medium.

[0145] exist Fig.16In the embodiment, the processing circuit 1601 can be configured to communicate with the network 1643b using the communication subsystem 1631. The network 1143a and the network 1143b can be the same one or more networks or different one or more networks. The communication subsystem 1631 can be configured to include one or more transceivers for communicating with the network 1643b. For example, the communication subsystem 1631 can be configured to include one or more transceivers for communicating with the network 1643b according to one or more communication protocols (such as IEEE802.11, CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMax, etc.) and one or more remote transceivers of another device (such as another WD, UE or base station of a radio access network (RAN)) capable of wireless communication. Each transceiver may include a transmitter 1633 and / or a receiver 1635 to respectively implement the transmitter or receiver functionality (e.g., frequency allocation, etc.) suitable for the RAN link. In addition, the transmitter 1633 and the receiver 1635 of each transceiver may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively may be implemented separately.

[0146] In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functions of the communication subsystem 1631 may include data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communication such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as using a global positioning system (GPS) to determine the location, another similar communication function, or any combination thereof. For example, the communication subsystem 1631 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPS communication. The network 1643b may include a wired and / or wireless network, such as a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another similar network, or any combination thereof. For example, the network 1643b may be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and / or a near-field network. The power supply 1613 may be configured to provide alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power to the components of the UE 1600.

[0147] The features, benefits and / or functions described herein may be implemented in one of the components of UE 1600, or divided across multiple components of UE 1600. In addition, the features, benefits and / or functions described herein may be implemented in any combination of hardware, software or firmware. In one example, the communication subsystem 1631 may be configured to include any component described herein. In addition, the processing circuit 1601 may be configured to communicate with any such component via a bus 1602. In another example, any component of such components may be represented by program instructions stored in a memory, which perform corresponding functions described herein when executed by the processing circuit 1601. In another example, the functionality of any component of such components may be divided between the processing circuit 1601 and the communication subsystem 1631. In another example, the non-computationally intensive functions of any component of such components may be implemented in software or firmware, and the computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.

[0148] Fig.17 1700 is a schematic block diagram of a virtualized environment 1700 in which the functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In this context, virtualization means creating a virtual version of a device or device, which may include a virtualized hardware platform, storage devices, and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization may be applied to a node (e.g., a virtualized base station or a virtualized radio access node) or a device (e.g., a UE, a wireless device, or any other type of communication device) or a component thereof, and involves an implementation in which at least a portion of functionality (e.g., one or more applications, components, functions, virtual machines, or containers executed on one or more physical processing nodes in one or more networks) is implemented as one or more virtual components.

[0149] In some embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in one or more virtual environments 1700 hosted by one or more of the hardware nodes 1730. Additionally, in embodiments where the virtual nodes are not radio access nodes or do not require radio connectivity (e.g., core network nodes), then the network nodes may be fully virtualized.

[0150] These functions may be implemented by one or more applications 1720 (alternatively they may be referred to as software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) operable to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some embodiments disclosed herein. The applications 1720 run in a virtualized environment 1700, which provides hardware 1730 including processing circuitry 1760 and memory 1790. The memory 1790 contains instructions 1795 executable by the processing circuitry 1760, whereby the applications 1720 are operable to provide one or more of the features, benefits, and / or functions disclosed herein.

[0151] The virtualized environment 1700 includes a general or special purpose network hardware device 1730, which includes a collection of one or more processors or processing circuits 1760, which may be commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors, specialized application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuit, including digital or analog hardware components or special purpose processors. Each hardware device may include a memory 1790-1, which may be a non-persistent memory for temporarily storing software or instructions 1795 executed by the processing circuit 1760. Each hardware device may include one or more network interface controllers (NICs) 1770, also known as network interface cards, which include a physical network interface 1780. Each hardware device may also include a non-transitory, permanent machine-readable storage medium 1790-2 having stored therein instructions and / or software 1795 executable by the processing circuit 1760. Software 1795 may include any type of software, including software used to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1750 (also known as hypervisors), software that executes virtual machines 1740, and software that enables them to perform the functions, features and / or benefits described in conjunction with some of the embodiments described herein.

[0152] The virtual machine 1740 includes virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interfaces, and virtual storage devices, and can be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1750 or hypervisor. Different embodiments of the instance of the virtual device 1720 can be implemented on one or more of the virtual machines 1740, and the implementation can be performed in different ways.

[0153] During operation, processing circuit 1760 executes software 1795 to instantiate a hypervisor or virtualization layer 1750, which may sometimes be referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM). Virtualization layer 1750 may present to virtual machine 1740 a virtual operating platform that appears to be networked hardware.

[0154] like Fig.17As shown, hardware 1730 can be an independent network node with common or specific components. Hardware 1730 can include antenna 1725, and some functions can be implemented via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 1230 can be part of a larger hardware cluster (e.g., such as in a data center or customer premise equipment (CPE)), where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration (MANO) 1710, which also oversees the life cycle management of application 1720.

[0155] Hardware virtualization is referred to in some contexts as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV can be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry-standard high-volume server hardware, physical switching equipment, and physical storage devices, which can be located in data centers and customer premises equipment.

[0156] In the context of NFV, a virtual machine 1740 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the virtual machines 1740 and the portion of the hardware 1730 on which it executes, if it is hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and / or hardware shared by that virtual machine with other virtual machines 1740, forms a separate virtual network element (VNE).

[0157] Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function (VNF) is responsible for handling specific network functions running in one or more virtual machines 1740 on top of the hardware networking infrastructure 1730 and corresponds to Fig.17 Applications in 1720.

[0158] In some embodiments, one or more radio units 1720, each including one or more transmitters 1722 and one or more receivers 1721, may be coupled to one or more antennas 1725. Radio units 1720 may communicate directly with hardware nodes 1730 via one or more appropriate network interfaces, and may be used in combination with virtual components to provide radio capabilities to virtual nodes, such as radio access nodes or base stations.

[0159] In some embodiments, some signaling may be accomplished using a control system 17230 , which may alternatively be used for communications between the hardware node 1730 and the radio unit 17200 .

[0160] Fig.18 A telecommunications network connected to a host computer via an intermediate network is shown according to some embodiments. In particular, reference is made to Fig.18According to an embodiment, the communication system includes a telecommunication network 1810, such as a 3GPP type cellular network, which includes an access network 1811 (such as a radio access network) and a core network 1814. The access network 1811 includes a plurality of base stations 1812a, 1812b, 1812c, such as NBs, eNBs, gNBs or other types of wireless access points, each defining a corresponding coverage area 1813a, 1813b, 1813c. Each base station 1812a, 1812b, 1812c may be connected to the core network 1814 via a wired or wireless connection 1815. A first UE 1891 located in the coverage area 1813c is configured to be wirelessly connected to the corresponding base station 1812c, or to be paged by the corresponding base station 1812c. A second UE 1892 in the coverage area 1813a may be wirelessly connected to the corresponding base station 1812a. Although multiple UEs 1891 , 1892 are shown in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to situations where a single UE is in the coverage area or a single UE is connecting to the corresponding base station 1812 .

[0161] The telecommunications network 1810 itself is connected to a host computer 1830, which may be embodied in the hardware and / or software of a stand-alone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, or as a processing resource in a server farm. The host computer 1830 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider, or may be operated by or on behalf of a service provider. Connections 1821 and 1822 between the telecommunications network 1810 and the host computer 1830 may extend directly from the core network 1814 to the host computer 1830, or may be via an optional intermediate network 1820. The intermediate network 1820 may be one or a combination of more than one of a public, private, or hosted network; the intermediate network 1820, if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, the intermediate network 1820 may include two or more subnets (not shown).

[0162] Fig.18The communication system as a whole implements connectivity between the connected UEs 1891, 1892 and the host computer 1830. This connectivity can be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection 1850. The host computer 1830 and the connected UEs 1891, 1892 are configured to use the access network 1811, the core network 1814, any intermediate networks 1820 and possible additional infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries to pass data and / or signaling via the OTT connection 1850. The OTT connection 1850 can be transparent in the sense that the participating communication devices through which the OTT connection 1850 passes are unaware of the routing of uplink and downlink communications. For example, the base station 1812 may not be informed or need not be informed of the past routing of incoming downlink communications, where data originating from the host computer 1830 is to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to the connected UE 1891. Similarly, the base station 1812 need not be aware of the future routing of outgoing uplink communications originating from the UE 1891 toward the host computer 1830 .

[0163] Fig.19 The host computer is shown communicating with the user equipment via a base station through a partial wireless connection according to some embodiments. According to an embodiment, reference will now be made to Fig.19 Describe the example implementation of the UE, base station and host computer discussed in the previous paragraph. In the communication system 1900, the host computer 1910 includes hardware 1915, which includes a communication interface 1916, which is configured to establish and maintain a wired or wireless connection of the interface with different communication devices of the communication system 1900. The host computer 1910 further includes a processing circuit 1918, which may have storage and / or processing capabilities. In particular, the processing circuit 1918 may include one or more programmable processors, application specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays, or a combination of these (not shown) suitable for executing instructions. The host computer 1910 further includes software 1911, which is stored in the host computer 1910 or accessible by the host computer 1910 and executable by the processing circuit 1918. Software 1911 includes a host application 1912. The host application 1912 may be operable to provide services to a remote user, such as a UE 1930 connected via an OTT connection 1950 terminating at the UE 1930 and the host computer 1910. In providing services to the remote user, the host application 1912 may provide user data transmitted using the OTT connection 1950.

[0164] The communication system 1900 further includes a base station 1920, which is provided in the telecommunication system and includes hardware 1925, enabling it to communicate with the host computer 1910 and the UE 1930. The hardware 1925 may include a communication interface 1926 for establishing and maintaining wired or wireless connections with different communication devices of the communication system 1900, and for establishing and maintaining connections with the coverage area ( UEs) served by the base station 1920. Fig.19 1927 of at least a wireless connection 1970 of a UE 1930 in the embodiment of the present invention. The communication interface 1926 may be configured to facilitate a connection 1960 to a host computer 1910. The connection 1960 may be direct, or it may be through a core network (eg, a wireless communication network) of a telecommunications system. Fig.19 ) and / or through one or more intermediate networks external to the telecommunications system. In the illustrated embodiment, the hardware 1925 of the base station 1920 further includes processing circuitry 1928, which may include one or more programmable processors, application specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays, or a combination of these (not shown) suitable for executing instructions. The base station 1920 further has software 1921 stored internally or accessible via an external connection.

[0165] The communication system 1900 also includes the UE 1930 already mentioned. Its hardware 1935 may include a radio interface 1937, which is configured to establish and maintain a wireless connection 1970 with a base station serving the coverage area where the UE 1930 is currently located. The hardware 1935 of the UE 1930 can also include a processing circuit 1938, which may include one or more programmable processors, application specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays, or a combination of these (not shown) suitable for executing instructions. The UE 1930 also includes software 1931, which is stored in the UE 1930 or accessible by the UE 1930 and executable by the processing circuit 1938. The software 1931 includes a client application 1932. The client application 1932 may be operable to provide services to human or non-human users via the UE 1930 with the support of the host computer 1910. In the host computer 1910, the executing host application 1912 can communicate with the executing client application 1932 via the OTT connection 1950 that terminates at the UE 1930 and the host computer 1910. When providing services to users, the client application 1932 can receive request data from the host application 1912 and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection 1950 can transmit both the request data and the user data. The client application 1932 can interact with the user to generate the user data it provides.

[0166] Notice, Fig.19The host computer 1910, base station 1920 and UE 1930 shown may be similar to or identical to Fig.18 The host computer 1830, one of the base stations 1812a, 1812b, 1812c and one of the UEs 1891, 1892. That is, the internal workings of these entities can be as follows Fig.19 shown, and independently, the surrounding network topology can be Fig.18 network topology.

[0167] exist Fig.19 In the diagram, the OTT connection 1950 has been abstractly drawn to illustrate communications between the host computer 1910 and the UE 1930 via the base station 1920, without explicitly mentioning any intermediate devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices. The network infrastructure can determine the routing, which can be configured to hide the routing from the UE 1930 or the service provider operating the host computer 1910, or from both. While the OTT connection 1950 is active, the network infrastructure can further make decisions by which it dynamically changes the routing (e.g., based on network reconfiguration or load balancing considerations).

[0168] The wireless connection 1970 between the UE 1930 and the base station 1920 is in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout the present disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improves the performance of an OTT service provided to the UE 1930 using the OTT connection 1950, wherein the wireless connection 1970 forms the last leg. More specifically, the teachings of these embodiments can improve data rates, latency, and / or power consumption, thereby providing benefits such as reduced user waiting time, relaxed restrictions on file size, better response, and / or extended battery life.

[0169] A measurement process may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rates, latency, and other factors improved by one or more embodiments. There may also be optional network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 1950 between the host computer 1910 and the UE 1930 in response to changes in the measurement results. The measurement process and / or network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 1950 may be implemented in the software 1911 and hardware 1915 of the host computer 1910 or in the software 1931 and hardware 1935 of the UE 1930 or in both. In an embodiment, a sensor (not shown) may be deployed in or associated with a communication device through which the OTT connection 1950 passes; the sensor may participate in the measurement process by providing the values ​​of the monitoring quantities exemplified above or by providing the values ​​of other physical quantities from which the software 1911, 1931 can calculate or estimate the monitoring quantities. The reconfiguration of the OTT connection 1950 may include message formats, retransmission settings, preferred routes, etc.; the reconfiguration does not need to affect the base station 1920 and may be unknown or imperceptible to the base station 1920. Such processes and functionality may be known and practiced in the art. In some embodiments, the measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling, thereby facilitating the host computer 1910 to measure throughput, propagation time, latency, etc. The measurements may be implemented as follows: the software 1911 and 1931 uses the OTT connection 1950 to cause the transmission of messages, particularly empty messages or "dummy" messages, while it monitors propagation time, errors, etc.

[0170] Fig. 20 is a flow chart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to an embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE, which can be reference Fig.18 and 19 To simplify this disclosure, only the Fig. 20 . In step 2010, the host computer provides user data. In sub-step 2011 of step 2010 (which may be optional), the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step 2020, the host computer initiates a transmission that carries the user data to the UE. In step 2030 (which may be optional), in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout the present disclosure, the base station transmits the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the host computer to the UE. In step 2040 (which may also be optional), the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer.

[0171] Fig.21 is a flow chart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to an embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE, which can be reference Fig.18 and 19To simplify this disclosure, only the Fig.21 Reference is made to the accompanying drawings of the present invention. At 2110 of the method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional sub-step (not shown), the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. At step 2120, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. According to the teachings of the embodiments described throughout the present disclosure, the transmission may be through a base station. At step 2130 (which may be optional), the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.

[0172] Fig. 22 is a flow chart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to an embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE, which can be reference Fig.18 and 19 To simplify this disclosure, only the Fig. 22 Reference is made to the accompanying drawings of . In step 2210 (which may be optional), the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionally or alternatively, in step 2220, the UE provides user data. In sub-step 2221 of step 2220 (which may be optional), the UE provides user data by executing a client application. In sub-step 2211 of step 2210 (which may be optional), the UE executes the client application that provides user data in response to the received input data provided by the host computer. When providing the user data, the executed client application may further consider the user input received from the user. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data is provided, in sub-step 2230 (which may be optional), the UE initiates the transmission of the user data to the host computer. In step 2240 of the method, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout the present disclosure, the host computer receives the user data transmitted from the UE.

[0173] Fig.23 is a flow chart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to an embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE, which can be reference Fig.18 and 19 To simplify this disclosure, only the Fig.23 Reference is made to the accompanying drawings of . In step 2310 (which may be optional), according to the teachings of the embodiments described throughout the present disclosure, the base station receives user data from the UE. In step 2320 (which may be optional), the base station initiates transmission of the received user data to the host computer. In step 2330 (which may be optional), the host computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station.

[0174] Fig.24A method 2400 for linear chirp detection by a network node 1360 is depicted in accordance with certain embodiments. The method begins at step 2410 when the network node 1360 obtains a first number N of samples of a signal. In a particular embodiment, for example, the network node 1360 may repeatedly detect energy for a sample duration followed by a period of silence in which the energy is not detected. In another particular embodiment, the network node 1360 may select the first number N of samples from a larger group of N×z samples, wherein in selecting the first number N of samples, every zth sample is selected.

[0175] At step 2420, the network node 1360 divides the samples into at least a first group and a second group. The first group includes a second number D of samples of the signal, and the second group includes a third number ND of samples of the signal.

[0176] At step 2430, the network node 1360 performs a cross-correlation between the first set of samples and the second set of samples to generate a resultant sample set of the signal. In a particular embodiment, the resultant sample set may represent a phase change between the first set of samples and the second set of samples after a duration. In another particular embodiment, the duration is D divided by the sampling rate.

[0177] In a particular embodiment, performing the cross-correlation between the first set of samples and the second set of samples may include multiplying the second number D of samples by a conjugate of the third number ND of samples.

[0178] In another specific embodiment, performing the cross-correlation between the first set of samples and the second set of samples may include performing an element-wise complex multiplication of the second number D of samples and the third number ND of samples to generate the result sample set. In a specific embodiment, the number of samples in the result sample set is M, and M is equal to D. In another specific embodiment, the method may further include padding the result sample set to the nearest power of two, such that the number of samples in the result sample set is M and M is greater than or equal to D.

[0179] At step 2440, network node 1360 identifies peaks in the frequency domain within the resulting sample set.

[0180] Based on at least one characteristic associated with the peak, the network node 1360 determines whether linear chirp is present within the signal.

[0181] In certain embodiments, for example, determining whether linear chirp exists within the signal may include comparing a peak value to a threshold value. If the peak value is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the network node 1360 may determine that linear chirp exists within the signal. Conversely, if the peak value is not greater than or equal to the threshold value, the network node 1360 may determine that linear chirp does not exist within the signal.

[0182] In another specific embodiment, determining whether linear chirp is present in the signal may include calculating a peak-to-noise floor ratio and comparing the peak-to-noise floor ratio to a threshold. If the peak-to-noise floor ratio is greater than or equal to the threshold, the network node 1360 may determine that linear chirp is present in the signal. Conversely, if the peak-to-noise floor ratio is not greater than or equal to the threshold, the network node 1360 may determine that linear chirp is not present in the signal.

[0183] In certain embodiments, the at least one peak value comprises a value, an absolute value, or a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a peak.

[0184] In certain embodiments, the method may further include performing a DFT or FFT on the resulting sample set to find the peak.

[0185] In certain embodiments, the network node 1360 may determine that the linear chirp is present in the signal, and the width of the linear chirp may be twice the frequency corresponding to the peak.

[0186] In a particular embodiment, network node 1360 may determine that the linear chirp is associated with a radar signal, and network node 1360 may abstain from transmitting on a channel associated with the radar signal for the radar duration. Conversely, in another embodiment, network node 1360 may determine that the linear chirp is not present within the signal. In response to determining that the linear chirp is not present within the signal, network node 1360 may transmit on a channel associated with the signal.

[0187] Fig.25 A wireless network (e.g., Fig.13 Schematic block diagram of a virtual device 2500 in a wireless network (such as a wireless network shown in FIG. 1 ). The device may be in a wireless device or a network node (such as a wireless network node such ... Fig.13 The device 2500 is implemented in the wireless device 1310 or the network node 1360 shown in FIG. Fig.24 The example methods described herein and any other processes or methods that may be disclosed herein. It should also be understood that Fig.24 The method is not necessarily performed only by the device 2500. At least some operations of the method may be performed by one or more other entities.

[0188] The virtual device 2500 may include a processing circuit, which may include one or more microprocessors or microcontrollers, and other digital hardware, which may include a digital signal processor (DSP), dedicated digital logic, etc. The processing circuit may be configured to execute program code stored in a memory, which may include one or more types of memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory, a cache memory, a flash memory device, an optical storage device, etc. In several embodiments, the program code stored in the memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and / or data communication protocols and instructions for executing one or more techniques described herein. In some implementations, the processing circuit may be used to enable the acquisition module 2510, the partitioning module 2520, the execution module 2530, the identification module 2540, the determination module 2550, and any other suitable unit of the device 2500 to perform corresponding functions according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0189] According to some embodiments, the obtaining module 210 may perform a specific obtaining function of the device 2500. For example, the obtaining module 2510 may obtain a first number N of samples of a signal.

[0190] According to some embodiments, the partitioning module 2520 may perform a specific partitioning function of the device 2500. For example, the partitioning module 2520 may partition the samples into at least a first group of samples and a second group of samples.

[0191] According to some embodiments, the execution module 2530 may execute specific execution functions of the device 2500. For example, the execution module 2530 may perform a cross-correlation between the first set of samples and the second set of samples to generate a result sample set of the signal.

[0192] According to some embodiments, the identification module 2540 may perform a specific identification function of the device 2500. For example, the identification module 2540 may identify a peak in the frequency domain within the result sample group.

[0193] According to some embodiments, the determination module 2550 may perform a specific identification function of the device 2500. For example, the determination module 2550 may determine whether there is linear chirp in the signal based on at least one characteristic associated with the peak.

[0194] The term "unit" has a conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and / or electronic devices, and may include, for example, electrical and / or electronic circuits, devices, modules, processors, memories, logical solid-state and / or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for performing corresponding tasks, processes, calculations, output and / or display functions, etc., such as those described herein.

[0195] Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the systems and devices described herein may be modified, added to, or omitted. The components of the systems and devices may be integrated or separated. In addition, the operations of the systems and devices may be performed by more, fewer, or other components. In addition, the operations of the systems and devices may be performed using any suitable logic including software, hardware, and / or other logic. "Each" as used in this document refers to each member of a set or each member of a subset of a set.

[0196] Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the methods described herein may be modified, added to, or omitted. The methods may include more, fewer, or other steps. In addition, the steps may be performed in any suitable order.

[0197] Although the present disclosure has been described according to certain embodiments, the changes and arrangements of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the above description of the embodiments does not limit the present disclosure. Other changes, substitutions and variations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims.

[0198] At least some of the following abbreviations may be used in this disclosure. If there is an inconsistency between abbreviations, the above usage shall take precedence. If listed multiple times below, the first listing shall take precedence over any subsequent listings:

[0199] 1x RTT CDMA2000 1x wireless transmission technology

[0200] 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

[0201] 5G Fifth Generation

[0202] 5GS 5G System

[0203] 5QI 5G QoS Identifier

[0204] ABS Almost Blank Subframe

[0205] AN Access Network

[0206] AN Access Node

[0207] ARQ Automatic Repeat Request

[0208] AS access layer

[0209] AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise

[0210] BCCH Broadcast Control Channel

[0211] BCH Broadcast Channel

[0212] CA Carrier Aggregation

[0213] CC Carrier Component

[0214] CCCH SDU Common Control Channel SDU

[0215] CDMA Code Division Multiplexing Access

[0216] CGI Cell Global Identifier

[0217] CIR Channel Impulse Response

[0218] CN Core Network

[0219] CP Cyclic Prefix

[0220] CPICH common pilot channel

[0221] CPICH Ec / No CPICH The energy received by each chip divided by the power density in the frequency band

[0222] CPRI Common Public Radio Interface

[0223] CQI Channel Quality Information

[0224] C-RNTI Cell RNTI

[0225] CSI Channel State Information

[0226] DCCH dedicated control channel

[0227] DFS Dynamic Frequency Selection

[0228] DFT Discrete Fourier Transform

[0229] DL Downlink

[0230] DM Demodulation

[0231] DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal

[0232] DRX Discontinuous Reception

[0233] DTX Discontinuous Transmission

[0234] DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel

[0235] DUT Device Under Test

[0236] E-CID Enhanced Cell-ID (positioning method)

[0237] E-SMLC Evolution - Service Mobile Location Center

[0238] ECGI Evolution CGI

[0239] eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband

[0240] eNB E-UTRAN NodeB

[0241] ePDCCH Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0242] EPS Evolved Packet System

[0243] E-SMLC Evolution Service Mobile Location Center

[0244] E-UTRA Evolved UTRA

[0245] E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

[0246] FDD Frequency Division Duplex

[0247] FFS for further study

[0248] FFT Fast Fourier Transform

[0249] GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network

[0250] gNB gNode B (base station in NR; Node B that supports NR and NGC connections)

[0251] GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System

[0252] GSM Global System for Mobile Communications

[0253] HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

[0254] HO Handover

[0255] HSPA High Speed ​​Packet Access

[0256] HRPD High Rate Packet Data

[0257] LAA License Assisted Access

[0258] LOS Line of Sight

[0259] LPP LTE Positioning Protocol

[0260] LTE Long Term Evolution

[0261] MAC Media Access Control

[0262] MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service

[0263] MBSFN Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service Single Frequency Network

[0264] MBSFN ABS MBSFN Almost Blank Subframe

[0265] MDT Minimized Drive Test

[0266] MIB Master Information Block

[0267] MME mobility management entity

[0268] MSC Mobile Switching Center

[0269] NGC Next Generation Core

[0270] NPDCCH Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0271] NR New Radio

[0272] OCNG OFDMA Channel Noise Generator

[0273] OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0274] OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

[0275] OSS Operation Support System

[0276] OTDOA Observed Time Difference of Arrival

[0277] O&M Operation and Maintenance

[0278] PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel

[0279] P-CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel

[0280] PCell Primary Cell

[0281] PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel

[0282] PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0283] PDP Power Delay Profile

[0284] PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel

[0285] PGW Packet Gateway

[0286] PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel

[0287] PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

[0288] PMI Precoder Matrix Indicator

[0289] PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

[0290] PRS Positioning Reference Signal

[0291] PS Packet Switching

[0292] PSS Primary Synchronization Signal

[0293] PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel

[0294] PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel

[0295] RACH Random Access Channel

[0296] QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

[0297] RAB Radio Access Bearer

[0298] RAC Radio Access Controller

[0299] RAN Radio Access Network

[0300] RANAP Radio Access Network Application Part

[0301] RAT Radio Access Technology

[0302] RF

[0303] RLM Radio Link Management

[0304] RNC Radio Network Controller

[0305] RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0306] RRC Radio Resource Control

[0307] RRM Radio Resource Management

[0308] RS reference signal

[0309] RSCP Received Signal Code Power

[0310] RSRP Reference Symbol Received Power or Reference Signal Received Power

[0311] RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality or Reference Symbol Received Quality

[0312] RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator

[0313] RSTD Reference Signal Time Difference

[0314] RWR Release via redirection

[0315] SCH Synchronous Channel

[0316] SCell Secondary Cell

[0317] SCS subcarrier spacing

[0318] SDU Service Data Unit

[0319] SFN System Frame Number

[0320] SGW Service Gateway

[0321] SI system information

[0322] SIB System Information Block

[0323] SNR Signal to Noise Ratio

[0324] S-NSSAI Single Network Slice Selection Auxiliary Information

[0325] SON Self-Optimizing Network

[0326] SS Sync Signal

[0327] SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal

[0328] TBS Transport Block Size

[0329] TDD Time Division Duplex

[0330] TDOA Time Difference of Arrival

[0331] TOA Time of Arrival

[0332] Ts Sampling time / Duration time

[0333] TSS three-level synchronization signal

[0334] TTI Transmission Time Interval

[0335] UE User Equipment

[0336] UL Uplink

[0337] UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

[0338] USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module

[0339] UTDOA uplink time difference of arrival

[0340] UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

[0341] UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

[0342] WCDMA Wideband CDMA

[0343] WLAN Wide Area Network

Claims

1. A method for linear chirp detection by a network node, the method comprising: Obtaining a first number N of samples of a signal; dividing the samples into at least a first group and a second group, the first group comprising a second number D of samples of the signal and the second group comprising a third number ND of samples of the signal; performing a cross-correlation between said first set of samples and said second set of samples to generate a resulting set of samples of said signal, Within the result sample set, identifying peak values ​​in the frequency domain; as well as Based on at least one characteristic associated with the peak, it is determined whether linear chirp is present within the signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Determining whether linear chirp is present within the signal based on the at least one characteristic associated with the peak comprises: comparing the peak value to a threshold value; If the peak value is greater than or equal to the threshold, determining that linear chirp exists in the signal; and If the peak value is not greater than or equal to the threshold, it is determined that the linear chirp does not exist in the signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Determining whether linear chirp is present within the signal based on the at least one characteristic associated with the peak comprises: Identifying the peak comprises calculating a peak-to-noise-floor ratio and comparing the peak-to-noise-floor ratio to a threshold; If the peak-to-noise-floor ratio is greater than or equal to the threshold, determining that linear chirp exists in the signal; and If the peak-to-noise-floor ratio is not greater than or equal to the threshold, it is determined that no linear chirp exists within the signal.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The peak value includes a peak value, an absolute value, or a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The resulting set of samples represents a phase change between the first set of samples and the second set of samples after a duration.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The duration is D divided by the sampling rate.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: Before identifying the peak within the result sample set, a discrete Fourier transform DFT or a fast Fourier transform FFT is performed on the result sample set to find the peak.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: Performing the cross-correlation between the first group of samples and the second group of samples comprises multiplying the second number D of samples by the conjugate of the third number ND of samples.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: Performing the cross-correlation between the first group of samples and the second group of samples comprises performing an element-by-element complex multiplication of the second number D of samples and the third number ND of samples to generate the resultant group of samples.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The number of samples in the result sample group is M, and M is equal to D. 11 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising padding the result sample set to the nearest power of two such that the number of samples in the result sample set is M and M is greater than or equal to D.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The presence of the linear chirp in the signal is determined, and wherein a width of the linear chirp is twice a frequency corresponding to the peak.

13. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising determining that the linear chirp is associated with a radar signal, and abstaining from transmitting on a channel associated with the radar signal for a radar time duration.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: determining that the linear chirp is absent in the signal, and the method further comprises: Responsive to determining that the linear chirp is not present within the signal, transmitting on a channel associated with the signal.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: Obtaining the first number N of samples of the signal comprises repeatedly detecting energy for a sample duration followed by a period of silence during which the energy is not detected.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: Obtaining the first number N of samples of the signal includes selecting the first number N of samples from a larger group of N×z samples, wherein in selecting the first number N of samples, every zth sample is selected.

17. A network node for linear chirp detection, the network node comprising: a memory for storing instructions; as well as processing circuitry operable to execute the instructions so that the network node: Obtaining a first number N of samples of a signal; dividing the samples into at least a first group and a second group, the first group comprising a second number D of samples of the signal and the second group comprising a third number ND of samples of the signal; performing a cross-correlation between said first set of samples and said second set of samples to generate a resulting set of samples of said signal, Within the result sample set, identifying peak values ​​in the frequency domain; as well as Based on at least one characteristic associated with the peak, it is determined whether linear chirp is present within the signal.

18. The network node according to claim 17, wherein: In determining whether linear chirp is present within the signal based on the at least one characteristic associated with the peak, the processing circuit is operable to execute the instructions to: comparing the peak value to a threshold value; If the peak value is greater than or equal to the threshold, determining that linear chirp exists in the signal; as well as If the peak value is not greater than or equal to the threshold, it is determined that the linear chirp does not exist in the signal.

19. The network node according to claim 17, wherein: In determining whether linear chirp is present within the signal based on the at least one characteristic associated with the peak, the processing circuit is operable to execute the instructions to: Identifying the peak comprises calculating a peak-to-noise-floor ratio and comparing the peak-to-noise-floor ratio to a threshold; If the peak-to-noise-floor ratio is greater than or equal to the threshold, determining that linear chirp exists in the signal; as well as If the peak-to-noise-floor ratio is not greater than or equal to the threshold, it is determined that no linear chirp exists within the signal.

20. The network node according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein: The peak value includes a peak value, an absolute value, or a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

21. The network node according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein: The resulting set of samples represents a phase change between the first set of samples and the second set of samples after a duration.

22. The network node according to claim 21, wherein: The duration comprises D divided by the sampling rate.

23. The network node according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein: The processing circuitry is operable to execute the instructions to: Before identifying the peak within the result sample set, a discrete Fourier transform DFT or a fast Fourier transform FFT is performed on the result sample set to find the peak.

24. The network node according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein: When performing the cross-correlation between the first group of samples and the second group of samples, the processing circuitry is operable to execute the instructions to multiply the second number D of samples by a conjugate of the third number ND of samples.

25. The network node according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein: When performing the cross-correlation between the first group of samples and the second group of samples, the processing circuitry is operable to execute the instructions to perform an element-wise complex multiplication of the second number D of samples and the third number ND of samples to generate the resultant sample group.

26. The network node according to claim 25, wherein: The number of samples in the result sample group is M, and M is equal to D.

27. The network node according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein: The processing circuitry may be operable to pad the result sample set to the nearest power of two such that the number of samples in the result sample set is M and M is greater than or equal to D.

28. The network node according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein: The processing circuit is operable to determine that the linear chirp is present in the signal, and wherein a width of the linear chirp is twice a frequency corresponding to the peak.

29. The network node according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein: The processing circuit is operable to execute the instructions to determine that the linear chirp is associated with a radar signal and to abstain from transmitting on a channel associated with the radar signal for a radar time duration.

30. The network node according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein: The processing circuitry is operable to execute the instructions to: Responsive to determining that the linear chirp is not present within the signal, transmitting on a channel associated with the signal.

31. The network node according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein: In obtaining the first number N of samples of the signal, the processing circuit is operable to execute the instructions to repeatedly detect energy for a sample duration followed by a period of silence during which the energy is not detected.

32. The network node according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein: When obtaining the first number N samples of the signal, the processing circuit is operable to execute the instructions to select the first number N samples from a larger group of N×z samples, wherein when selecting the first number N samples, every zth sample is selected.

33. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions operable to be executed by a processor to cause the processor to: Obtaining a first number N of samples of a signal; dividing the samples into at least a first group and a second group, the first group comprising a second number D of samples of the signal and the second group comprising a third number ND of samples of the signal; performing a cross-correlation between said first set of samples and said second set of samples to generate a resulting set of samples of said signal, within the resulting sample set, identifying peaks in the frequency domain; and Based on at least one characteristic associated with the peak, it is determined whether linear chirp is present within the signal.

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