Smart electric vehicle data storage method based on blockchain multi-chain technology integration

Abstract

The present invention discloses a data storage method for smart electric vehicles based on the fusion of blockchain multi-chain technology. Some smart electric vehicles are light nodes, and the remaining smart electric vehicles are full nodes. When the full-node smart electric vehicles enter different partitions, they are converted into consensus cross-nodes. The consensus cross-nodes save the complete blockchain data of the current partition, and at the same time save the block header data of all partitions it has visited; all roadside nodes are full nodes, wherein the service area is divided into several partitions by the Geohash algorithm, and each road test node is distributed in each partition, wherein the roadside node saves the complete data of the map of this partition, and after the consensus cross-node enters any partition, when it is necessary to access the data of this partition, the completion data of the map of this partition is obtained through the roadside node. The architecture can solve the data privacy and security issues in smart electric vehicles based on blockchain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a smart electric vehicle data storage method, and in particular to a smart electric vehicle data storage method based on the fusion of blockchain multi-chain technology. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of autonomous driving and smart electric vehicles, the ownership, possession and use rights of automobile data have undergone complex changes. The technical data of the vehicle during driving is generated by the vehicle owner, but automobile companies need to obtain the authorization and approval of the vehicle owner during the collection and use of data.

[0003] The data generated by smart electric vehicles are complex and diverse, including vehicle data, driving environment data, user driving behavior data, driving automation system operating status and related privacy data (hereinafter collectively referred to as vehicle driving data). These data are recorded and stored in encrypted form by the vehicle reading the signals of various components in the vehicle. The stored data is recorded using encryption technology and cannot be directly read, modified or deleted. Many car companies rely on the accumulation of vehicle driving data in the process of technology updates and iterations. Therefore, car companies attach great importance to the privacy of data and will not disclose it easily to avoid unnecessary damage to the car companies.

[0004] After a smart electric vehicle is involved in a traffic accident, it is difficult for the transportation department to determine the specific cause of the accident, whether it is due to improper driver operation or the vehicle itself. The vehicle's driving data plays a vital role in determining the cause of the accident, but there are certain concerns in the market about the integrity and accuracy of smart electric vehicle data, believing that these data are at risk of being tampered with and deleted. The actual situation is that once a vehicle has an accident, it is difficult for the public (especially vehicle owners) to gain full trust in the data provided by the car company. Therefore, while ensuring the integrity and accuracy of vehicle data storage, how to ensure that the data has not been tampered with is a major challenge facing the entire smart electric vehicle industry.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, some researchers have tried to solve the data privacy and security issues in smart electric vehicles by designing conditional privacy authentication schemes. However, these schemes do not take into account the characteristics of fast movement, fast network topology changes and large node coverage of moving cars, making it difficult to apply traditional cross-domain technologies to vehicle network systems. However, blockchain has the characteristics of natural distribution, decentralization, full traceability, traceability and non-tamperability. These characteristics ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of each node in the blockchain, creating a trust foundation for the blockchain. Therefore, blockchain can provide a feasible solution for cross-domain management of data in the Internet of Vehicles. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a smart electric vehicle data storage method based on the fusion of blockchain multi-chain technology. The method can solve the data privacy and security issues in smart electric vehicles based on blockchain.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the smart electric vehicle data storage method based on the fusion of blockchain multi-chain technology described in the present invention includes a trusted center, a number of smart electric vehicles and a number of roadside nodes, wherein some smart electric vehicles are light nodes and the remaining smart electric vehicles are full nodes. When the full-node smart electric vehicles enter different partitions, they are converted into consensus cross-nodes, which save the complete blockchain data of the current partition and the block header data of all partitions they have visited.

[0008] All roadside nodes are full nodes. The service area is divided into several partitions through the Geohash algorithm. Each road test node is distributed in each partition. The roadside node saves the complete data of the partition map. After the consensus crosses the node and enters any partition, when the data of this partition needs to be accessed, the complete data of the partition map is obtained through the roadside node.

[0009] The registration process for a new node is:

[0010] When a new node joins, the Ripple consensus algorithm is used. When more than 50% of the nodes have passed the review, the current partition blockchain system automatically recognizes the new node as having passed the review, and adds it to the accounting node and records it in the current partition blockchain. Otherwise, the application is invalid.

[0011] When the new node is approved, the full node obtains the complete blockchain data within the specified time from the peer node, the light node obtains the block header data, and the full node records the registration information of all nodes in the partition. Between different partitions, information exchange is completed through consensus cross-node and cross-chain technology.

[0012] The block consists of a block header and a block body.

[0013] The block header includes the Merkle root, the previous block Merkle, the timestamp, the version number and the public key of the accounting node.

[0014] The consensus process of adding a new block includes the vehicle driving record transmission stage, the local block generation stage, the candidate block transmission stage, the candidate block verification stage, the confirmation submission stage and the new block generation stage.

[0015] During the vehicle driving record transmission phase, the smart electric vehicle sends its driving data to all server nodes within the partition where the smart electric vehicle is located.

[0016] In the generation phase of the local block, after receiving the vehicle driving data, all server nodes in the partition process the vehicle driving data.

[0017] In the candidate block transmission phase, any server node in the partition is randomly selected as the master node, and the generated local block is used as the candidate block, which is then sent to other server nodes in the partition for verification and audit. The master node sends the candidate block and other block header content to other non-master server nodes in the partition.

[0018] In the candidate block verification phase, other non-main server nodes in the partition verify the digital signature of the candidate block after receiving it, and then compare the candidate block with the generated local block to complete the verification and audit. When the verification and audit are correct, a confirmation message is sent to other server nodes in the partition;

[0019] In the confirmation submission phase, each non-primary server node in the partition receives no less than After receiving the confirmation message of the number, a confirmation submission message with its digital signature is sent to the main server node;

[0020] In the new block generation phase, the server master node receives no less than After the number of confirmation submission messages is completed, a message with its digital signature is returned to all non-main server nodes in the partition. Then all server nodes in the partition add the verified and audited candidate blocks to the end of their blockchain to form a new block.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The data storage method for smart electric vehicles based on the fusion of blockchain multi-chain technology described in the present invention is divided into different partitions according to the Geohash algorithm based on the characteristics of physical mobility of smart electric vehicles during specific operation. Each partition has a separate blockchain, and the partition consensus cross-chain technology is used to complete information interaction, which is completed by consensus across nodes. The distributed, decentralized, traceable, traceable and tamper-proof characteristics of blockchain are used to ensure the honesty and transparency of each node in the blockchain, creating a trust foundation for the cross-domain management of driving data of smart electric vehicles. In addition, the present invention uses a multi-chain technology fusion model, which increases the ability to share and collaborate data between nodes compared to the traditional single chain, and solves the data privacy and security issues in smart electric vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The data storage system architecture design diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the block structure of the smart electric vehicle of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the consensus process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is only an embodiment of a part of the present invention, not all embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following description, the description of well-known structures and technologies is omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concepts disclosed in the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The accompanying drawings show schematic diagrams of structures according to embodiments disclosed in the present invention. These figures are not drawn to scale, and some details are magnified and some details may be omitted for the purpose of clear expression. The shapes of various regions and layers shown in the figures and the relative sizes and positional relationships therebetween are only exemplary, and may deviate in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and those skilled in the art may additionally design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions according to actual needs.

[0028] The present invention is based on the intelligent electric vehicle data storage method of blockchain multi-chain technology fusion. Figure 1 As shown, it includes smart electric vehicles, road side nodes (Road Side Unit, RSU) and a trusted center (cloud service provider).

[0029] 1) Partition consensus across nodes.

[0030] All roadside nodes are full nodes (all data is stored), some vehicles are light nodes, and the rest are full nodes. When all vehicles except some are light nodes, the rest are full nodes. When a full-node vehicle enters a different partition, it is converted into a consensus cross-node. The consensus cross-node saves the complete blockchain data of the current partition and the block header data of all partitions it has visited;

[0031] 2) Roadside node RSU, the service area is divided into several areas through the Geohash algorithm, and several road test nodes are set up in each area. The roadside node is a full node, which saves the complete data of the map of this area and does not save the data outside the partition. When the partition consensus crosses the node and enters any area, when the data in this area needs to be accessed, it requests the roadside node to obtain the data in this area, thereby reducing the pressure on the server data access.

[0032] 3) The new node registration process is:

[0033] Nodes are divided into different partitions according to their physical locations. To ensure the authenticity and reliability of the identity of new nodes and prevent malicious nodes from joining at will, when new nodes join, the Ripple consensus algorithm is used. When more than 50% of the new nodes pass the review, the current partition blockchain system automatically recognizes that the new node has passed the review and is added to the accounting node and recorded in the current partition blockchain. Otherwise, the application is invalid. When the new node passes the review, the full node obtains the complete blockchain data within the specified time from the peer node, and the light node obtains the block header data. The full node records the registration information of all nodes in this partition. Between different partitions, the partition consensus is used to complete information interaction across nodes through cross-chain technology.

[0034] 4) Block structure for driving data generation (vehicle). Compatible nodes have cross-regional and mobile characteristics. In addition to driving data, the data in the block also needs to store block consensus node information, where the block consensus node information includes node location information, such as GPS, partition blockchain version number, cross-chain movement record, and current time, etc. Driving data includes driving route records, such as straight / turning / U-turning, abnormal collision information, deviation from the driving road, and driving speed records, such as too fast / too slow speed, parking data, etc. The block structure of the driving data generation blockchain is a series of connected lists constructed by Hash pointers. Each block will save the corresponding driving data, and cryptography is used to ensure that the driving data in each block is not tampered with.

[0035] like Figure 2 Schematic diagram of block structure. Each block consists of a block header and a block body. The block header includes the Merkle root, the Merkle of the previous block, a timestamp, a version number, and the public key of the accounting node. The Merkle root is obtained by performing hash operations on the driving data in pairs. Since the driving data is different, the Merkle root generated by each block is different, which can realize the verification of the driving data; the Merkle root of the previous block can form a chain of blocks; the timestamp indicates the generation time of the block, which can ensure the orderly generation of the blockchain and prevent the data from being tampered with; the version number is used to track the version of the software.

[0036] 5) The consensus process for adding a new block is:

[0037] In the block structure process of the fourth step driving data generation, the PBFT consensus algorithm is selected to reach a consensus to ensure that all node servers within the system store consistent data. The entire consensus process is:

[0038] 51) Vehicle driving record transmission stage.

[0039] The vehicle sends its driving data to all server nodes in the partition where the vehicle is located;

[0040] 52) The stage of generating this regional block.

[0041] After receiving the vehicle driving data, all server nodes in the partition encrypt and sign the data to ensure the integrity and security of the data, and complete the encapsulation of the local block;

[0042] 53) Candidate block transmission phase.

[0043] Randomly select any server node in the partition as the master node (such as Figure 3 Node 1 in the partition, the master node plays a leading role in the consensus process), takes the local block generated in step 52) as a candidate block, and then sends it to other server nodes in the partition for verification and audit. The master node sends the candidate block and other block header content to other non-master server nodes in the partition;

[0044] 54) Candidate block verification phase.

[0045] After receiving the candidate block, other non-main server nodes in the partition verify the digital signature of the candidate block, and then compare the candidate block with the local block generated in step 52) to complete the verification and audit. When the verification and audit are correct, a confirmation message is sent to other server nodes in the partition;

[0046] 55) Confirm submission phase.

[0047] Each non-master server node in the partition receives no less than After receiving the confirmation message of the number, a confirmation submission message with its digital signature is sent to the main server node;

[0048] 56) New block generation phase.

[0049] The server master node receives no less than After the confirmation of the number of submission messages, a message with its digital signature is returned to all non-main server nodes in the partition, and then all server nodes in the partition add the candidate blocks with verification and audit to the end of their blockchain to form a new block;

[0050] 6) Cross-node data synchronization and deletion.

[0051] When a cross-node enters a partition for the first time, it synchronizes complete data for a period of time from the RSU roadside node. When a cross-node enters a new partition from a partition, all data in the original partition is deleted, and only the block header data is retained.

[0052] When the cross-node re-enters the partition that has been visited, the complete data of the set time period is restored from other peer nodes, so that the cross-node has the ability to restore or delete historical data according to different needs and synchronize data from other peer nodes.

[0053] The main advantages of the present invention are:

[0054] In view of the physical mobility of smart electric vehicles in the vehicle network, a combination of full nodes, consensus cross-nodes and roadside RSU nodes is designed to form a distributed storage of blockchain data. The point-to-point network in blockchain technology is used as a shared peer-to-peer network. New data records related to transactions are added to the blockchain in a decentralized consensus manner between peer nodes, and the blockchain ledger is used as a storage system for shared vehicle driving data. The inter-node consensus mechanism and record immutability of the blockchain provide technical guarantees for the security and traceability of data transmission in smart electric vehicles. Using the present invention, if an accident occurs to a vehicle while driving, the traffic management department and the vehicle owner will verify and audit the data provided by the car company, obtain the trust of the data provided by the car company, and help the traffic department to determine the responsibility for the accident.

Claims

1. A smart electric vehicle data storage method based on the fusion of blockchain multi-chain technology, characterized in that: include: Some smart electric vehicles are light nodes, and the rest are full nodes. When a full-node smart electric vehicle enters a different partition, it is converted to a consensus cross-node. The consensus cross-node saves the complete blockchain data of the current partition and the block header data of all partitions it has visited. All roadside nodes are full nodes. The service area is divided into several partitions by the Geohash algorithm. Each roadside node is distributed in each partition. The roadside node stores the complete data of the map of this partition. After the consensus crosses the nodes and enters any partition, when the data of this partition needs to be accessed, the complete data of the map of this partition is obtained through the roadside node. It also includes the registration of new nodes, specifically: When a new node joins, the Ripple consensus algorithm is used for review. When more than 50% of the new nodes pass the review, the current partition blockchain system automatically recognizes the new node as having passed the review, and adds it to the accounting node and records it in the current partition blockchain. Otherwise, the application is invalid. When the new node is approved, the full node obtains the complete blockchain data within the specified time from the peer node, the light node obtains the block header data, and the full node records the registration information of all nodes in the partition. Between different partitions, information exchange is completed through cross-node consensus and cross-chain technology; It also includes the consensus of adding new blocks. The consensus process of adding new blocks includes the vehicle driving record transmission stage, the local block generation stage, the candidate block transmission stage, the candidate block verification stage, the confirmation submission stage and the new block generation stage; The block consists of a block header and a block body; Full nodes, consensus cross-nodes and roadside nodes are combined to form a distributed storage of blockchain data. The point-to-point network in blockchain technology is used as a shared peer-to-peer network. New data records related to transactions are added to the blockchain in a decentralized consensus manner among peer nodes. The blockchain ledger is used as a storage system for shared vehicle driving data. The blockchain's inter-node consensus mechanism and the immutability of records provide technical guarantees for the security and traceability of data transmission in smart electric vehicles.

2. The smart electric vehicle data storage method based on the fusion of blockchain multi-chain technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The block header includes the Merkle root, the previous block Merkle, the timestamp, the version number and the public key of the accounting node.

3. The smart electric vehicle data storage method based on the fusion of blockchain multi-chain technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: During the vehicle driving record transmission phase, the smart electric vehicle sends its driving data to all server nodes within the partition where the smart electric vehicle is located.

4. The smart electric vehicle data storage method based on the fusion of blockchain multi-chain technology according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In the stage of generating the local block, after receiving the vehicle driving data, all server nodes in the partition encrypt and sign the vehicle driving data and complete the encapsulation of the local block.

5. The smart electric vehicle data storage method based on the fusion of blockchain multi-chain technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: During the candidate block transmission phase, any server node in the partition is randomly selected as the master node, and the generated local block is used as the candidate block, which is then sent to other server nodes in the partition for verification and audit. The master node sends the candidate block and other block header content to other non-master server nodes in the partition.

6. The smart electric vehicle data storage method based on the fusion of blockchain multi-chain technology according to claim 5 is characterized in that: During the candidate block verification phase, other non-main server nodes in the partition verify the digital signature of the candidate block after receiving it, and then compare the candidate block with the generated local block to complete the verification and audit. When the verification and audit are correct, a confirmation message is sent to other server nodes in the partition.

7. The smart electric vehicle data storage method based on the fusion of blockchain multi-chain technology according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In the confirmation submission phase, after receiving no less than (2*⌊(n-1) / 3⌋-1) confirmation messages, each non-master server node in the partition sends a confirmation submission message with its digital signature to the master server node; During the new block generation phase, after receiving no less than (2*⌊(n-1) / 3⌋-1) confirmation submission messages, the server master node returns a message with its digital signature to all non-master server nodes in the partition. Then all server nodes in the partition add the verified and audited candidate blocks to the end of their blockchain to form a new block.

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