A ventilation and dust reduction method for long-distance relay in tunnels

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction auxiliary systems, and specifically discloses a ventilation and dust reduction method for long-distance relay in tunnels. A ventilation and dust reduction system is used, and the system includes an air supply device, a relay air device, an exhaust device, a mobile dust removal vehicle, and three wind curtain devices arranged in sequence from the middle of the tunnel to the construction work surface of the tunnel excavation; the two wind curtain devices arranged in the middle of the tunnel are combined with the tunnel to form a relay air chamber, and a dust removal air chamber is formed between the wind curtain device close to the construction work surface and the construction work surface; the present invention provides sufficient fresh air for the relay air device through the internal circulation of air in the relay air chamber to relay air supply to the construction work surface; and through the wind curtain device of the dust removal air chamber, the dust and harmful gases at the construction work surface are retained in the dust removal air chamber for dust removal and pollution reduction treatment. The system achieves the purposes of ventilation and dust removal at the same time, and can be adjusted as the tunnel is excavated, and is particularly suitable for ventilation and dust reduction treatment during single-head excavation of long and large tunnels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction auxiliary systems, and more specifically, relates to a ventilation and dust reduction method for long-distance relay in tunnels. Background Art

[0002] During tunnel construction, ventilation of the tunnel excavation work surface is one of the important processes. A reasonable ventilation system and ideal ventilation effect are important guarantees for providing tunnel workers with sufficient fresh air, diluting and exhausting various harmful gases and dust, creating a good working environment, and conducting safe construction.

[0003] When excavating a tunnel, drilling and blasting is usually used to break up the rock mass. During this process, a large amount of dust and harmful gases will be generated. Therefore, ventilation and dust reduction must be carried out to provide a safe and good working environment for tunnel workers. At the same time, dust and harmful gases need to be blocked to prevent them from overflowing the tunnel and polluting the air outside the tunnel.

[0004] For the single-headed excavation of long and large tunnels, mechanical ventilation is generally used in the prior art. By using a blower to deliver fresh air to the construction working face in the tunnel, dust and harmful gases on the tunnel face naturally overflow outward; however, for a single blower, the air supply distance is generally 1.5km-2km; when the tunnel length is greater than 3km, due to the transmission loss, a single blower can no longer meet the demand for tunnel ventilation; in the prior art, dust removal treatment after blasting of the tunnel construction working face is generally achieved through dust removal equipment; however, the prior art does not block the airflow inside and outside the tunnel during the dust removal treatment, resulting in harmful gases and dust in the tunnel overflowing from the tunnel, causing environmental pollution and reducing the dust removal efficiency.

[0005] In order to solve the ventilation problem of long and large tunnels, some solutions have been proposed in the prior art. For example, 202010916325.X discloses a segmented ventilation system for long-distance tunnels, which is connected into an air supply channel and an exhaust channel through a wind duct, and relay ventilation is performed through a plurality of air supply branch fans and exhaust branch fans respectively arranged in the air supply channel and the exhaust channel. At the same time, the tunnel is blocked into a plurality of sections by a plurality of wind walls, and a tee is arranged in the air supply channel and the exhaust channel for ventilation of each section; the segmented ventilation system can achieve good results for ventilation along the tunnel; however, when the system is applied to the ventilation of the construction work surface of tunnel excavation, it has the following disadvantages: 1. The system has a large number of fans, tees and wind walls, and 1. Each branch fan is set in the tee, and the system is complex; 2. Since all the air supply branch fans and exhaust branch fans are respectively connected to the air supply channel and the exhaust channel in turn, when ventilating the tunnel construction work surface, all the air supply branch fans and exhaust branch fans need to be turned on, which has high energy consumption; 3. The system discharges the dust and gas in the tunnel directly out of the tunnel without dust removal; 4. In order to discharge the dust along the tunnel to the outside of the cave, the system closes the jet fan on the wind wall, so that the wind wall loses the function of isolating the wind flow; 5. The fans, tees and wind walls of the system are all fixedly installed. During the tunnel excavation process, it is necessary to ventilate the continuously excavated tunnel construction work surface by adding equipment. The longer the tunnel, the more equipment it has and the more complex the system.

[0006] Based on the above-mentioned defects and deficiencies, this field urgently needs to make further improved designs on the existing long-distance tunnel ventilation and dust reduction systems to solve the problems of complex systems and high energy consumption when ventilating the construction working faces of long and large tunnels in the existing technology, and at the same time solve the problem that the dust and harmful gases generated after tunnel blasting are not dust removed and blocked to prevent overflow from the tunnel, simplify the existing system, create a good working environment for tunnel workers, and provide an environmentally friendly working method. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and / or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a long-distance relay ventilation and dust reduction method for tunnels, wherein two wind curtain devices are used to block the tunnel airflow to form a relay wind chamber, and a closed airflow is formed in the relay wind chamber to provide sufficient fresh air for relay air supply to the construction work surface of the tunnel, thereby solving the problem that the conveying distance of a single fan is insufficient when ventilating a long tunnel, and the system of using multiple branch fans is complex and energy-intensive; in addition, the present invention also uses a wind curtain device to block the airflow near the tunnel construction work surface, thereby solving the problem that dust and harmful gases generated after blasting of a long tunnel overflow the tunnel, so that the air in the tunnel is discharged from the tunnel after sufficient dust reduction treatment.

[0008] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a long-distance relay ventilation and dust reduction system for a tunnel, which includes an air supply device, a relay air device, an exhaust device, a mobile dust removal vehicle and three air curtain devices;

[0009] The wind curtain device is perpendicular to the tunnel axis, and two wind curtain devices are arranged in the middle of the tunnel to form a relay wind chamber with the inner wall of the tunnel, and the other wind curtain device is arranged near the construction work surface to form a dust removal wind chamber with the inner wall of the tunnel; the air supply device is arranged at the tunnel entrance to supply air to the relay wind chamber; the relay wind device is arranged in the relay wind chamber and away from the air supply position of the air supply device to supply air from the relay wind chamber to the dust removal wind chamber; the exhaust device is arranged in the dust removal wind chamber and away from the air supply position of the relay wind device to exhaust air from the dust removal wind chamber to the outside of the tunnel; the mobile dust removal vehicle is used to enter the dust removal wind chamber for dust removal and pollution reduction treatment;

[0010] The wind curtain device includes a wind curtain machine, a top partition and a side partition; the wind curtain machine is in the shape of a door and has a channel in the middle; the wind curtain machine ejects airflow through its air outlet to form a wind curtain in its channel; the top partition is rotatably connected to the top of the wind curtain machine, and the top partition is rotated and supported to close the gap between the wind curtain machine and the top of the tunnel; a side partition is arranged on each side of the wind curtain machine, which is rotatably connected to the wind curtain machine respectively, and the two side partitions are rotated and supported to close the gap between the wind curtain machine and the two side walls of the tunnel respectively.

[0011] Through the above conception, on the one hand, the relay air chamber is blocked by two wind curtain devices, so that the fresh air provided by the air supply device remains in the relay air chamber and forms an internal circulation, providing the relay air device with sufficient fresh air to be transported to the construction work surface; on the other hand, the dust removal air chamber is blocked by the wind curtain device, so that the dust and harmful gases generated by the explosion at the construction work surface are retained in the dust removal air chamber, and create conditions for sufficient dust removal by the mobile dust removal vehicle; through the coordination of various devices, it is possible to realize relay air supply to the construction work surface of the tunnel, and to carry out dust removal and pollution reduction treatment of the dust and harmful gases generated after the blasting on the construction work surface and prevent them from overflowing; the system has a simple design and low energy consumption, and at the same time realizes ventilation and dust removal and pollution reduction treatment of the construction work surface, and prevents dust and harmful gases from overflowing the tunnel.

[0012] Preferably, the three wind curtain devices are movably connected to the tunnel so that during the tunnel excavation process, the positions of the three wind curtain devices can be adjusted to adapt to the continuously advancing construction work surface. The system can achieve ventilation and dust removal for the continuously advancing construction work surface through three wind curtain devices and three fans, and the system is simple.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment, the air curtain device is movably connected to the tunnel via rollers installed at the bottom thereof.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment, the air curtain machine is also provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet and air outlet of the air curtain machine are both arranged at the top and both sides of the air curtain machine; the air outlets on both sides of the air curtain machine are respectively arranged opposite to the air inlets on the opposite sides, so that the air outlets on both sides can respectively spray airflow to the opposite air inlets, which is beneficial to enhance the blocking effect of the air curtain machine on the airflow inside and outside the air curtain machine; the airflow injection of the air outlets on both sides and the top of the air curtain machine can be opened and closed respectively; for tunnels with small cross-sections, only the airflow injection of the air outlet on the top of the air curtain machine can be opened; for tunnels with wider cross-sections, only the airflow injection of the air outlets on both sides of the air curtain machine can be opened; for tunnels with wide and high cross-sections, the airflow injection of the top and two side air outlets of the air curtain machine can be opened at the same time.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment, the top partition plate and the side partition plates are rotatably connected to the air curtain machine through a rotating shaft, and the top partition plate and the side partition plates are rotatably supported by a hydraulic device.

[0016] Preferably, the air supply device includes an air supply fan and an air supply duct; the air supply fan is arranged at the tunnel entrance; one end of the air supply duct is connected to the air supply fan, and the other end thereof passes through a wind curtain device of the relay air chamber and extends into the relay air chamber to supply air to the relay air chamber.

[0017] Preferably, the relay wind device includes a relay fan and a relay air duct; the relay fan is arranged in the relay wind chamber and is located at one end of the relay wind chamber away from the air supply duct; one end of the relay air duct is connected to the relay fan, and the other end thereof passes through an air curtain device of the relay wind chamber and an air curtain device of the dust removal wind chamber in sequence, and extends into the dust removal wind chamber to realize air supply from the relay wind chamber to the dust removal wind chamber.

[0018] Preferably, the exhaust device includes an exhaust fan and an exhaust duct; the exhaust fan is arranged in the dust removal chamber and is located at one end of the dust removal chamber away from the relay duct; one end of the exhaust duct is connected to the exhaust fan, and the other end of the exhaust duct passes through three wind curtain devices in sequence to achieve exhaust from the dust removal chamber to the outside of the tunnel.

[0019] Preferably, the ventilation and dust reduction system also includes air pressure sensors arranged in the relay air chamber and the dust removal air chamber, which provide real-time feedback on the air pressure in the relay air chamber and the dust removal air chamber so as to adjust the air volume of each fan.

[0020] Preferably, the ventilation and dust reduction system also includes environmental monitoring sensors arranged on both sides of the dust removal chamber to monitor dust and various gases, provide a basis for the ventilation and dust removal and pollution reduction treatment of the tunnel, and detect the effects of ventilation and dust removal.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for tunnel ventilation using the ventilation and dust reduction system of the present invention, the method comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Install two air curtain devices in the middle of the tunnel and install another air curtain device near the construction work surface; prop up the top partitions and side partitions of the three air curtain devices so that the air curtain devices and the inner wall of the tunnel can form a relay air chamber and a dust removal air chamber;

[0023] Step 2: Install the air supply device at the tunnel entrance, and install the relay air device and the exhaust device in the relay air chamber and the dust removal air chamber respectively;

[0024] Step 3: Open the two wind curtain devices of the relay wind chamber; open the wind curtain device of the dust removal wind chamber to ventilate the construction work surface in the subsequent steps, or keep the wind curtain device of the dust removal wind chamber closed to ventilate the tunnel section between the relay wind chamber and the construction work surface in the subsequent steps;

[0025] Step 4: Turn on the air supply device, relay air device and exhaust device to ventilate the tunnel, and make the power of the relay air device greater than the power of the air supply device, so as to form a slight negative pressure in the relay air chamber.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for removing dust from a tunnel construction work surface using the ventilation and dust reduction system of the present invention, the method comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Install two air curtain devices in the middle of the tunnel and install another air curtain device near the construction work surface; prop up the top partitions and side partitions of the three air curtain devices so that the air curtain devices and the inner wall of the tunnel can form a relay air chamber and a dust removal air chamber;

[0028] Step 2: Install the air supply device at the tunnel entrance, and install the relay air device and the exhaust device in the relay air chamber and the dust removal air chamber respectively;

[0029] Step 3: Open three air curtain devices;

[0030] Step 4: Turn on the air supply device, relay air device and exhaust device, and make the three devices run at reduced power to reduce the ventilation speed, which is conducive to sufficient dust removal; and make the power of the relay air device greater than the power of the air supply device, so that a slight negative pressure is formed in the relay air chamber; at the same time, make the power of the exhaust device greater than the power of the relay air device, so that a slight negative pressure is formed in the dust removal air chamber;

[0031] Step 5: Move the dust removal vehicle into the dust removal air chamber and process the dirty air;

[0032] Step 6: After the mobile dust removal vehicle has finished processing, implement the above-mentioned method for tunnel ventilation, or shut down the ventilation and dust reduction system.

[0033] In general, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following technical advantages compared with the prior art:

[0034] 1. A relay wind chamber is formed by the wind curtain device to provide sufficient fresh air for the relay wind device, so as to realize relay air supply for the construction work surface; a dust removal wind chamber is formed by the wind curtain device, so that the dust and harmful gases generated by the explosion at the construction work surface are retained in the dust removal wind chamber; through the coordination of various devices, the relay air supply to the construction work surface of the tunnel is realized, and the dust and harmful gases after the blasting on the construction work surface are dust-removed and polluted, and their overflow is prevented; compared with the existing technology, this system realizes the purposes of ventilation and dust removal at the same time and does not need to use multiple branch fans. The system is greatly simplified, energy consumption is reduced, and it is environmentally friendly.

[0035] 2. As an improvement of the above scheme, the positions of the three air curtain devices are adjusted through the movable connection between the air curtain device and the tunnel, so that the ventilation and dust reduction system can adapt to the continuously advancing construction work surface. Compared with the existing technology, the system is simple and highly adjustable, and no additional equipment is required.

[0036] 3. As another improvement of the above scheme, air inlets and air outlets are arranged on the top and both sides of the air curtain machine, and the air outlets on both sides of the air curtain machine are arranged opposite to the air inlets on the opposite sides, which is conducive to enhancing the blocking effect of the air curtain machine on the wind flow inside and outside the air curtain machine; the wind flow of the air outlets on both sides of the air curtain machine and the wind flow of the air outlet on its top can be opened and closed respectively, which can be suitable for tunnels of different cross-sectional sizes.

[0037] 4. As another improvement of the above scheme, an air pressure sensor is set to provide real-time feedback on the air pressure and adjust the fan air volume; an environmental monitoring sensor is set to monitor the dust and various gases in the tunnel, provide a basis for the ventilation and dust removal and pollution reduction treatment of the tunnel, and observe and detect the effects of ventilation and dust removal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a layout diagram of the ventilation and dust reduction system of the tunnel long-distance relay of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a side view of the ventilation and dust reduction system for long-distance relay in tunnels of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a top view of the ventilation and dust reduction system for long-distance relay in tunnels of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 is a front view of the air curtain device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 is a side view of the air curtain device of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of part a;

[0044] Figure 7 It is a layout diagram of the air curtain machine of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 AA section view.

[0046] In all drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, which are respectively:

[0047] Air curtain device 1, air supply fan 2, relay fan 3, exhaust fan 4, mobile dust removal vehicle 5, tunnel opening 6, relay air chamber 7, dust removal air chamber 8, construction working surface 9, air curtain machine 11, top partition 12, side partition 13, rotating shaft 14, hydraulic device 15, air supply duct 21, relay air duct 31, exhaust duct 41, air inlet 111, and air outlet 112. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0049] During tunnel construction, the tunnel needs to be ventilated to create a good working environment for tunnel workers; during tunnel excavation, a large amount of dust and harmful gases will be generated, so ventilation and dust reduction must be used; at the same time, dust and harmful gases need to be blocked to prevent them from overflowing the tunnel and polluting the air outside the tunnel. For single-head excavation of long and large tunnels, in order to solve the problem of tunnel ventilation and the problem of dust reduction treatment of dust and harmful gases generated after blasting and preventing them from overflowing the tunnel, the present invention provides a ventilation and dust reduction method for long-distance relay tunnels.

[0050] The wind curtain is a flat jet flow ejected in a certain direction at a relatively high wind speed by a wind curtain machine, which can block the air circulation on both sides thereof. The present invention utilizes the wind curtain to block the wind flow in the tunnel, and is used for relay ventilation of the tunnel and to prevent dust and harmful gases in the tunnel from overflowing without hindering transportation.

[0051] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown in, the tunnel long-distance relay ventilation and dust reduction system provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes an air supply device, a relay air device, an exhaust device, a mobile dust removal vehicle 5 and three air curtain devices 1; wherein,

[0052] The three wind curtain devices 1 are all perpendicular to the axial direction of the tunnel, and two wind curtain devices 1 are arranged in the middle of the tunnel to form a relay wind chamber 7 together with the inner wall of the tunnel. Due to the obstruction of the two wind curtain devices 1, the air in the relay wind chamber 7 forms an internal circulation; another wind curtain device 1 is arranged close to the construction working surface 9 to form a dust removal wind chamber 8 together with the inner wall of the tunnel. Due to the obstruction of the wind curtain device 1, the dust and harmful gases generated by the explosion at the construction working surface 9 are retained in the dust removal wind chamber 8 and will not overflow the tunnel, while creating conditions for dust removal and pollution reduction by the mobile dust removal vehicle 5; in some embodiments, the distance between the two wind curtain devices 1 of the relay wind chamber 7 is 30m-50m, and 30m is selected in this embodiment; in some embodiments, the wind curtain device 1 of the dust removal wind chamber 8 is arranged closely following the tunnel lining trolley, and the distance between it and the construction working surface 9 is 60m-100m, and 60m is selected in this embodiment;

[0053] The air supply device is arranged at the tunnel opening 6, and is used to supply air to the relay air chamber 7, so that there is enough fresh air in the relay air chamber 7, and to create conditions for the relay air device to supply air to the dust removal air chamber 8;

[0054] The relay wind device is arranged in the relay wind chamber 7 and is far away from the air supply of the air supply device, so as to supply air from the relay wind chamber 7 to the dust removal wind chamber 8; the relay wind device is far away from the air supply of the air supply device, which is conducive to the formation of an internal circulation of air in the relay wind chamber 7; the relay wind device continuously transports the fresh air in the relay wind chamber 7 to the dust removal wind chamber 8, and due to the obstruction of the air curtain device 1 at the dust removal wind chamber 8, the fresh air transported by the relay wind device to the dust removal wind chamber 8 remains in the dust removal wind chamber 8, and continuously dilutes the original dirty air, dust and harmful gases in the dust removal wind chamber 8;

[0055] The exhaust device is arranged in the dust removal chamber 8 and is far away from the air supply of the relay air device, so as to discharge the dirty air, dust and harmful gas diluted in the dust removal chamber 8 to the outside of the tunnel; the exhaust device is far away from the air supply of the relay air device, which is conducive to the formation of internal circulation of gas in the dust removal chamber 8, so that the fresh air sent in by the relay air device can fully dilute the original dirty air, dust and harmful gas;

[0056] The mobile dust removal vehicle 5 can pass through the passage in the middle of the air curtain machine 11, enter the dust removal air chamber 8 and perform dust removal and pollution reduction treatment on the tunnel construction working surface 9;

[0057] Each wind curtain device 1 comprises a wind curtain machine 11, a top partition 12 and a side partition 13; the wind curtain machine 11 is in the shape of a gate and has a passage in the middle thereof; the wind curtain machine 11 ejects wind flow through its air outlet to form a wind curtain perpendicular to the tunnel in its passage, thereby blocking the wind flow on both sides thereof; the top partition 12 is rotatably connected to the top of the wind curtain machine 11, and the top partition 12 is rotated and supported to close the gap between the wind curtain machine 11 and the top of the tunnel; a side partition 13 is arranged on each side of the wind curtain machine 11, which is rotatably connected to the wind curtain machine 11 respectively, and the two side partitions 13 are rotated and supported to close the gap between the wind curtain machine 11 and the two side walls of the tunnel respectively; by arranging the top partition 12 and the side partition 13, the gap between the wind curtain machine 11 and the top of the tunnel and the two side walls of the tunnel is closed, thereby further realizing the blocking of the wind flow on both sides thereof where the wind curtain device 1 is located.

[0058] The long-distance relay ventilation and dust reduction system for the tunnel provided by the present invention has an air supply device for the relay air chamber 7 to supply air, and the relay air chamber 7 is blocked by two wind curtain devices 1 to provide sufficient fresh air for the relay air device, and the relay air device relays air supply to the construction working surface 9; the dust removal air chamber 8 is blocked by the wind curtain device 1, so that the dust and harmful gases generated by the explosion at the construction working surface 9 are retained in the dust removal air chamber 8, and the mobile dust removal vehicle 5 enters the dust removal air chamber 8 to perform dust removal and pollution reduction treatment, and the exhaust device exhausts air from the dust removal air chamber 8 to the outside of the tunnel; through the mutual cooperation of the above-mentioned various components, ventilation and dust removal and pollution reduction treatment can be achieved on the construction working surface 9 of a long tunnel, which is practical and advanced.

[0059] Each component will be described in more detail below.

[0060] The three air curtain devices 1 are all movably connected to the tunnel; during the tunnel excavation process, the positions of the three air curtain devices 1 are adjusted accordingly according to the tunnel length and the position of the construction working surface 9 to achieve the best ventilation and dust reduction effects; in this embodiment, rollers are installed at the bottom of the three air curtain devices 1, and they are driven by motors to move and position; in some embodiments, the movement of the air curtain device 1 can also be achieved by setting a slide rail for the air curtain device 1.

[0061] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the top partition 12 and the side partition 13 of the air curtain machine 11 are rotatably connected to the air curtain machine 11 through the rotating shaft 14, and the top partition 12 and the side partition 13 are rotated and supported by the hydraulic device 15; when the air curtain machine 11 moves, the top partition 12 and the side partition 13 can be rotated and retracted by the hydraulic device 15 to facilitate the movement of the air curtain machine 11; before the air curtain machine 11 is opened, the top partition 12 and the side partition 13 are rotated and supported by the hydraulic device 15.

[0062] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown in, the air curtain machine 11 is also provided with an air inlet 111, and the air inlet 111 and the air outlet 112 of the air curtain machine 11 are arranged at the top and both sides of the air curtain machine 11; the air outlets 112 on both sides of the air curtain machine 11 are respectively arranged opposite to the air inlet 111 on the opposite side, so that the air outlets 112 on both sides can respectively spray airflow to the air inlet 111 opposite to them, which is beneficial to enhance the effect of the air curtain machine 11; the airflow injection of the air outlets 112 on both sides and the top of the air curtain machine 11 can be opened and closed respectively, and the angle of the air outlet 112 can be adjusted; in this embodiment, the tunnel section is wide and high, and the wind The airflow jets at the top and the air outlets 112 on both sides of the air curtain machine 11 are opened at the same time to enhance the blocking effect of the air curtain machine 11 on the airflow on both sides of the air curtain machine 11; in some embodiments, for a tunnel with a small cross-section, only the airflow jets at the air outlets 112 at the top of the air curtain machine 11 can be opened; in other embodiments, for a tunnel with a wider cross-section, the airflow jets at the air outlets 112 on both sides of the air curtain machine 11 can be opened; in some embodiments, only the air inlet 111 and the air outlet 112 can be set at the top of the air curtain machine 11, or only the air inlet 111 and the air outlet 112 can be set at both sides of the air curtain machine 11;

[0063] In some embodiments, the top and / or both sides of the air curtain machine 11 can be divided into multiple sections, each section is independently provided with an air inlet 111 and an air outlet 112, and each section is provided with at least one fan; in this embodiment, the top of the air curtain machine 11 is divided into 4 sections, each section is provided with three fans, and the two sides of the air curtain machine 11 are divided into 3 sections respectively, each section is provided with two fans; in this embodiment, a filter material is provided at the air inlet 111 of the air curtain machine 11, and a noise reduction material is provided inside the air curtain machine 11.

[0064] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the air supply device includes an air supply fan 2 and an air supply duct 21; the air supply fan 2 is arranged at the tunnel entrance 6; one end of the air supply duct 21 is connected to the air supply fan 2, and the other end thereof passes through a wind curtain device 1 located on the side of the tunnel entrance 6 of the relay air chamber 7 and extends into the relay air chamber 7 to supply air to the relay air chamber 7; in this embodiment, the air supply fan 2 is arranged on the side of the tunnel entrance 6, and the wind curtain device 1 through which the air supply duct 21 passes has a hole on the side partition 13 of the tunnel on that side to allow the air supply duct 21 to pass through; in some embodiments, the air curtain device 1 is provided by opening a hole on its top partition 12 to allow the air supply duct 21 to pass through.

[0065] like Figure 1-Figure 3As shown in the figure, the relay wind device includes a relay fan 3 and a relay air duct 31; the relay fan 3 is arranged in the relay wind chamber 7, and is located at one end of the relay wind chamber 7 away from the air supply duct 21; one end of the relay air duct 31 is connected to the relay fan 3, and the other end thereof passes through a wind curtain device 1 located on the construction working surface 9 side of the relay wind chamber 7, and passes through the wind curtain device 1 of the dust removal wind chamber 8, and extends into the dust removal wind chamber 8, so as to realize air supply from the relay wind chamber 7 to the dust removal wind chamber 8; in this embodiment, the relay wind device and the air supply device are arranged on the same side of the tunnel, and the two wind curtain devices 1 through which the relay air duct 31 passes have holes on the side partition 13 of the tunnel on that side to allow the relay air duct 31 to pass through; in some embodiments, the wind curtain device 1 is formed by opening a hole in its top partition 12 to allow the relay air duct 31 to pass through.

[0066] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the exhaust device includes an exhaust fan 4 and an exhaust duct 41; the exhaust fan 4 is arranged in the dust removal chamber 8, and is located at one end of the dust removal chamber 8 away from the relay duct 31; one end of the exhaust duct 41 is connected to the exhaust fan 4, and the other end thereof passes through three wind curtain devices 1 in sequence to realize exhaust from the dust removal chamber 8 to the outside of the tunnel; in the present embodiment, the exhaust device is arranged on the side of the tunnel opposite to the air supply device, and the three wind curtain devices 1 have holes on the side partition 13 of the tunnel on this side to allow the exhaust duct 41 to pass through; in some embodiments, the wind curtain device 1 is provided by opening a hole in its top partition 12 to allow the exhaust duct 41 to pass through.

[0067] The ventilation and dust reduction system provided by the present invention also includes air pressure sensors arranged in the relay air chamber 7 and the dust removal air chamber 8, which provide real-time feedback on the air pressure in the relay air chamber 7 and the dust removal air chamber 8 so as to adjust the air volume of each fan.

[0068] The ventilation and dust reduction system provided by the present invention also includes environmental monitoring sensors arranged on both sides of the dust removal chamber 8 to monitor the dust and various gases in the tunnel, provide a basis for the ventilation and dust removal and pollution reduction treatment of the tunnel, and detect the effects of ventilation and dust removal.

[0069] The ventilation and dust reduction system provided by the present invention can ventilate long and large tunnels, and perform dust removal and pollution reduction treatment on the construction working surface after blasting when the long and large tunnel is excavated alone. The following will describe in more detail the method of using the ventilation and dust reduction system of the present invention to ventilate the tunnel and remove dust from the tunnel working surface.

[0070] The method for tunnel ventilation using the ventilation and dust reduction system provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: two air curtain devices 1 are arranged in the middle of the tunnel, and another air curtain device 1 is arranged near the construction work surface 9; the air curtain device 1 in the embodiment of the present invention can be moved along the tunnel, and the positions of the three air curtain devices 1 can be adjusted according to the excavation depth of the tunnel to adapt to the length of the tunnel and the position of the construction work surface 9; the top partition 12 and the side partition 13 are propped up so that the air curtain device 1 and the inner wall of the tunnel are enclosed to form a relay air chamber 7 and a dust removal air chamber 8;

[0072] Step 2: The air supply device is arranged at the tunnel opening 6, and the relay air device and the exhaust device are arranged in the relay air chamber 7 and the dust removal air chamber 8 respectively; in the embodiment of the present invention, the air supply fan 2 is arranged at the tunnel opening 6, and the air supply duct 21 is connected to the air supply fan 2, which passes through an air curtain device 1 of the relay air chamber 7 and extends into the relay air chamber 7; the relay fan 3 is arranged in the relay air chamber 7, and the relay air duct 31 is connected to the relay fan 3, which passes through one air curtain device 1 of the relay air chamber 7 and the dust removal air chamber 8 in turn and extends into the dust removal air chamber 8; the exhaust fan 4 is arranged in the dust removal air chamber 8, and the exhaust duct 41 is connected to the exhaust fan 4, which passes through three air curtain devices 1 in turn;

[0073] Step 3: Open the two air curtain devices 1 of the relay air chamber 7, specifically in the embodiment of the present invention, open the air flow injection at the two sides and the top air outlet 112 of the two air curtain machines 11; open the air curtain device 1 of the dust removal air chamber 8, specifically in the embodiment of the present invention, open the air flow injection at the two sides and the top air outlet 112 of the air curtain machine 11, so that the construction work surface 9 is ventilated in the subsequent steps; or keep the air curtain device 1 of the dust removal air chamber 8 closed so that the tunnel section between the relay air chamber 7 and the construction work surface 9 is ventilated in the subsequent steps;

[0074] Step 4: Turn on the air supply device, relay air device and exhaust device to ventilate the tunnel, and make the power of the relay air device greater than the power of the air supply device, so as to form a slight negative pressure in the relay air chamber 7; in the embodiment of the present invention, specifically turn on the air supply fan 2, relay fan 3 and exhaust fan 4, and make the power of the relay fan 3 slightly greater than the power of the air supply fan 2.

[0075] The method for removing dust from a tunnel construction working surface using the ventilation and dust reduction system provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0076] Step 1: two air curtain devices 1 are arranged in the middle of the tunnel, and another air curtain device 1 is arranged near the construction work surface 9; the air curtain device 1 in the embodiment of the present invention can be moved along the tunnel, and the positions of the three air curtain devices 1 can be adjusted according to the excavation depth of the tunnel to adapt to the length of the tunnel and the position of the construction work surface 9; the top partition 12 and the side partition 13 are propped up so that the air curtain device 1 and the inner wall of the tunnel are enclosed to form a relay air chamber 7 and a dust removal air chamber 8;

[0077] Step 2: The air supply device is arranged at the tunnel opening 6, and the relay air device and the exhaust device are arranged in the relay air chamber 7 and the dust removal air chamber 8 respectively; in the embodiment of the present invention, the air supply fan 2 is arranged at the tunnel opening 6, and the air supply duct 21 is connected to the air supply fan 2, which passes through an air curtain device 1 of the relay air chamber 7 and extends into the relay air chamber 7; the relay fan 3 is arranged in the relay air chamber 7, and the relay air duct 31 is connected to the relay fan 3, which passes through one air curtain device 1 of the relay air chamber 7 and the dust removal air chamber 8 in turn and extends into the dust removal air chamber 8; the exhaust fan 4 is arranged in the dust removal air chamber 8, and the exhaust duct 41 is connected to the exhaust fan 4, which passes through three air curtain devices 1 in turn;

[0078] Step 3: Turn on the three air curtain devices 1; in the embodiment of the present invention, specifically, turn on the airflow injection from the two sides and the top air outlet 112 of the three air curtain devices 11;

[0079] Step 4: Turn on the air supply device, relay air device and exhaust device, and make all three devices run at reduced power to reduce the ventilation speed, which is conducive to sufficient dust removal; and make the power of the relay air device greater than the power of the air supply device to form a slight negative pressure in the relay air chamber 7; at the same time, make the power of the exhaust device greater than the power of the relay air device to form a slight negative pressure in the dust removal air chamber 8; in the embodiment of the present invention, specifically turn on the air supply fan 2, the relay fan 3 and the exhaust fan 4 and appropriately reduce the power to run, and at the same time make the power of the relay fan 3 slightly greater than the power of the air supply fan 2, and the power of the exhaust fan 4 slightly greater than the power of the relay fan 3;

[0080] Step 4: The mobile dust removal vehicle 5 enters the dust removal air chamber 8 and processes the dirty air;

[0081] Step 5: After the mobile dust removal vehicle 5 has finished processing, the above-mentioned method for ventilating the tunnel is implemented, or the ventilation and dust reduction system is turned off.

[0082] In the process of implementing the above-mentioned tunnel ventilation and dust removal methods at the tunnel construction work surface, environmental monitoring sensors can be used to monitor the dust and various gases in the tunnel, and the system can be opened or closed in time, or switched between the system ventilation method and the dust removal method.

[0083] In summary, according to the ventilation and dust reduction method of the present invention, by utilizing the characteristics of the wind curtain, a simple system is used to achieve the purpose of ventilating and dusting the construction work surface of a long tunnel; and it can ventilate and dust the construction work surface that is constantly being excavated, and has strong adjustability; the setting of the air outlet of the wind curtain machine matches the size of the tunnel section, and the air outlets on both sides of the wind curtain machine are respectively arranged relative to the air inlets on the opposite sides, which has a good effect of blocking the wind flow inside and outside the wind curtain machine; and it is provided with an air pressure sensor and an environmental monitoring sensor, which provide a basis for adjusting the air volume of the fan, ventilation and dust removal and pollution reduction treatment of the tunnel, and observe and detect the effects of ventilation and dust removal; in general, the ventilation and dust reduction system according to the present invention has a simple design, reduced energy consumption, strong adjustability, environmental friendliness and detectable effects, and is therefore particularly suitable for ventilation and dust reduction treatment during single-headed excavation of long and large tunnels.

[0084] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation and dust reduction method for long-distance relay in tunnels, characterized in that: A ventilation and dust reduction system is used, the system comprising an air supply device, a relay air device, an exhaust device and a mobile dust removal vehicle (5), and also comprising three air curtain devices (1); The wind curtain device (1) is perpendicular to the tunnel axis direction, and two wind curtain devices (1) are arranged in the middle of the tunnel so as to enclose with the inner wall of the tunnel to form a relay wind chamber (7), and another wind curtain device (1) is arranged near the construction work surface (9) so as to enclose with the inner wall of the tunnel to form a dust removal wind chamber (8); the air supply device is arranged at the tunnel opening (6) for supplying air to the relay wind chamber (7); the relay wind device is arranged in the relay wind chamber (7) and away from the air supply position of the air supply device, so as to supply air from the relay wind chamber (7) to the dust removal wind chamber (8); the exhaust device is arranged in the dust removal wind chamber (8) and away from the air supply position of the relay wind device, so as to exhaust air from the dust removal wind chamber (8) to the outside of the tunnel; the mobile dust removal vehicle (5) is used to enter the dust removal wind chamber (8) to perform dust removal and pollution reduction treatment; The wind curtain device (1) comprises a wind curtain machine (11), a top partition (12) and side partitions (13); the wind curtain machine (11) is in the shape of a door and has a passage in the middle thereof, and the wind curtain machine (11) ejects airflow through its air outlet (112) to form a wind curtain in its passage; the top partition (12) is rotatably connected to the top of the wind curtain machine (11), and the top partition (12) is capable of closing the gap between the wind curtain machine (11) and the top of the tunnel after being rotated and supported; one side partition (13) is provided on each side of the wind curtain machine (11), and is rotatably connected to the wind curtain machine (11), and the two side partitions (13) are capable of closing the gap between the wind curtain machine (11) and the two side walls of the tunnel after being rotated and supported; The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: two of the wind curtain devices (1) are arranged in the middle of the tunnel, and another wind curtain device (1) is arranged near the construction work surface (9); the top partitions (12) and side partitions (13) of the three wind curtain devices (1) are propped up so that the wind curtain devices (1) and the inner wall of the tunnel are surrounded to form a relay wind chamber (7) and a dust removal wind chamber (8); Step 2: installing an air supply device at the tunnel entrance (6), and installing the relay air device and the exhaust air device in the relay air chamber (7) and the dust removal air chamber (8), respectively; Step 3: opening the two wind curtain devices (1) of the relay wind chamber (7); opening the wind curtain device (1) of the dust removal wind chamber (8) so as to ventilate the construction work surface (9) in a subsequent step, or keeping the wind curtain device (1) of the dust removal wind chamber (8) closed so as to ventilate the tunnel section between the relay wind chamber (7) and the construction work surface (9) in a subsequent step; Step 4: Turn on the air supply device, relay air device and exhaust device to ventilate the tunnel, and make the power of the relay air device greater than the power of the air supply device, so as to form a slight negative pressure in the relay air chamber (7).

2. A tunnel long distance relay ventilation and dust reduction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The air curtain device (1) is movably connected to the tunnel.

3. A long-distance relay ventilation and dust reduction method for tunnels as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The air curtain machine (11) is further provided with an air inlet (111), and the air inlet (111) and the air outlet (112) are both arranged at the top and both sides of the air curtain machine (11); the air outlets (112) at both sides of the air curtain machine (11) are respectively arranged opposite to the air inlet (111) at the opposite sides thereof, so that the air outlets (112) at both sides can respectively spray airflow towards the air inlet (111) at the opposite sides thereof; and the airflow spraying of the air outlets (112) at both sides and the top of the air curtain machine (11) can be respectively turned on and off.

4. A long-distance relay ventilation and dust reduction method for tunnels as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The top partition plate (12) and the side partition plate (13) are rotatably connected to the air curtain machine (11) via a rotating shaft (14), and are rotatably supported via a hydraulic device (15).

5. A long-distance relay ventilation and dust reduction method for tunnels as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply device comprises an air supply fan (2) and an air supply duct (21); the air supply fan (2) is arranged at a tunnel opening (6); one end of the air supply duct (21) is connected to the air supply fan (2), and the other end thereof passes through an air curtain device (1) of the relay air chamber (7) and extends into the relay air chamber (7) to supply air to the relay air chamber (7).

6. A long-distance relay ventilation and dust reduction method for tunnels as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The relay wind device comprises a relay fan (3) and a relay wind duct (31); the relay fan (3) is arranged in the relay wind chamber (7) and is located away from one end of the air supply duct (21) in the relay wind chamber (7); one end of the relay wind duct (31) is connected to the relay fan (3), and the other end of the relay wind duct (31) passes through an air curtain device (1) of the relay wind chamber (7) and an air curtain device (1) of the dust removal wind chamber (8) in sequence, and extends into the dust removal wind chamber (8), so as to supply air from the relay wind chamber (7) to the dust removal wind chamber (8).

7. A long-distance relay ventilation and dust reduction method for tunnels as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The exhaust device comprises an exhaust fan (4) and an exhaust duct (41); the exhaust fan (4) is arranged in the dust removal chamber (8) and is located at one end of the dust removal chamber (8) away from the relay duct (31); one end of the exhaust duct (41) is connected to the exhaust fan (4), and the other end of the exhaust duct (41) passes through the three air curtain devices (1) in sequence to exhaust air from the dust removal chamber (8) to the outside of the tunnel.

8. A long-distance relay ventilation and dust reduction method for tunnels as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes air pressure sensors arranged in the relay air chamber (7) and the dust removal air chamber (8), and environmental monitoring sensors arranged on both sides of the inside and outside of the dust removal air chamber (8).

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