Adaptive smart antenna, distributed RRU and wireless communication system

Abstract

This application discloses an adaptive smart antenna, a distributed remote radio unit (RRU), and a wireless communication system, relating to the field of antenna technology. It can expand the overlap area between RRUs, improving capacity and data transmission rate while ensuring a certain backward coverage area of ​​the RRUs, thereby enhancing the user experience at the edge. In this application, the RRU controls multiple diodes in the directional unit according to control signals from the baseband unit (BBU) to control the coupling state of the directional unit, flexibly switching the RRU antenna beams and selecting the optimal beam combination. This includes a combination of omnidirectional radiation patterns and directional radiation patterns that meet a preset range, expanding the overlap area between RRUs, improving capacity and data transmission rate while ensuring a certain backward coverage area of ​​the RRUs, thus enhancing the user experience at the edge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to adaptive smart antennas, distributed RRUs, and wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication systems today, the number and density of sites are increasing, leading to increased inter-site overlap and serious co-channel interference problems.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, distributed multiple-input multiple-output (D-MIMO) technology was introduced. D-MIMO technology utilizes a centralized baseband unit (BBU) and distributed remote radio units (RRUs) to jointly transmit and receive data via antennas located in different spatial positions, thereby transforming interference signals into useful signals. Because the antennas are positioned differently in space, the spatial channel resolution is significantly improved where the coverage areas of multiple RRUs overlap, resulting in higher MIMO gain. Therefore, in D-MIMO technology, expanding the overlap area between multiple RRUs within the same BBU leverages the advantages of multiple MIMO technology to increase capacity and data transmission rates. For indoor wireless access points (APs) using D-MIMO technology, if the current directional beam of the smart antenna (e.g., a front-to-back ratio of more than 10dB) is still used to achieve this purpose, the forward radiation (towards other RRUs) will be too strong, while the backward radiation will be too weak. This is not conducive to improving the BBU edge customer experience, especially in the case of uplink transmission where the customer location is unclear. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an adaptive smart antenna, a distributed RRU, and a wireless communication system that can expand the overlap area between RRUs, improve capacity and data transmission rate, while ensuring a certain backward coverage area of ​​the RRUs to improve the user experience at the edge.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, an adaptive smart antenna is provided, comprising: a dielectric substrate on which an omnidirectional radiating element and a directional element are disposed; the directional element is disposed around the omnidirectional radiating element; the directional element is used to change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiating element by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiating element; wherein the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the antenna satisfies a preset range.

[0007] The antenna provided in the first aspect above can flexibly switch RRU antenna beams and select the optimal beam combination by controlling the working state of the directional units set around the omnidirectional radiating unit. This includes a combination of omnidirectional radiation patterns and directional radiation patterns that meet a preset range. While expanding the overlap area between RRUs and improving capacity and data transmission rate, it also ensures a certain backward coverage area of ​​the RRUs to improve the user experience at the edge.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the dielectric substrate includes opposing first and second surfaces; the antenna further includes a metal plate, the dielectric substrate being connected to the metal plate via a support structure, the side of the dielectric substrate closest to the metal plate being the first surface.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned directional unit includes at least one ring parasitic unit, on which a diode is disposed. This diode is controlled by a DC bias voltage to turn on and off, thereby controlling the coupling state of each ring parasitic unit and achieving different antenna patterns. This application supports controlling the coupling state of the directional unit by controlling the operating state of the diodes on each ring parasitic unit in the directional unit located on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating unit, thus flexibly switching the RRU antenna beam and selecting the optimal beam combination.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned annular parasitic unit includes one or more of the following: circular annular parasitic unit, rectangular annular parasitic unit, or polygonal annular parasitic unit. This application supports annular parasitic units of different shapes, such as circular annular parasitic units, rectangular annular parasitic units, or polygonal annular parasitic units.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned directional unit includes at least one director, each of which is equipped with a diode controlled by a DC bias voltage to control the coupling state of each director, thereby achieving different antenna patterns. This application supports controlling the coupling state of the directional unit by controlling the operating state of the diodes on each director in the directional unit located on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating element, flexibly switching the RRU antenna beams, and selecting the optimal beam combination.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the directional unit comprises m ring parasitic elements and m directors, where m is a positive integer and m > 1; the m directors and the m ring parasitic elements are symmetrically arranged around the omnidirectional radiating element. This application supports controlling the coupling state of the directional unit by controlling the operating state of the diodes on the m ring parasitic elements and m directors symmetrically arranged in the directional unit surrounding the omnidirectional radiating element, thereby flexibly switching the RRU antenna beam and selecting the optimal beam combination.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the m ring-shaped parasitic elements are disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the m directors are disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate; or, the m ring-shaped parasitic elements are disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, and the m directors are disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate; or, both the m ring-shaped parasitic elements and the m directors are disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate; or, both the m ring-shaped parasitic elements and the m directors are disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate. The antenna in this application supports disposing directional elements on both the first and second surfaces of the dielectric substrate, or disposing a portion of the directional elements on the first surface of the dielectric substrate and another portion of the directional elements on the second surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned omnidirectional radiating element comprises a plurality of dipoles surrounding the center point of the dielectric substrate; the plurality of dipoles are of equal length. The antenna in this application supports an omnidirectional radiating element composed of a plurality of dipoles surrounding the center point of the dielectric substrate.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned omnidirectional radiating element includes a first arc-shaped dipole, a second arc-shaped dipole, a third arc-shaped dipole, and a fourth arc-shaped dipole surrounding the center point of the dielectric substrate. The antenna in this application supports an omnidirectional radiating element composed of multiple arc-shaped dipoles (e.g., four arc-shaped dipoles) surrounding the center point of the dielectric substrate.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the directional unit includes four ring-shaped parasitic units; these four ring-shaped parasitic units are respectively disposed outside the first, second, third, and fourth positions; wherein the first position is between the first and second arc-shaped dipoles, the second position is between the second and third arc-shaped dipoles, the third position is between the third and fourth arc-shaped dipoles, and the fourth position is between the fourth and first arc-shaped dipoles. The antenna in this application supports disposing multiple ring-shaped parasitic units (e.g., four ring-shaped parasitic units) of the directional unit outside the positions between multiple arc-shaped dipoles (e.g., four arc-shaped dipoles) constituting the omnidirectional radiation unit.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned medium board is an FR-4 medium board.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the distance d between the dielectric substrate and the metal plate is [8mm, 15mm], the size of the metal plate is 190mm × 190mm, the size of the dielectric substrate is 55mm × 55mm, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate is h ∈ [0.5mm, 1.5mm].

[0019] In one possible implementation, the preset range of the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the above-mentioned antenna is [3dB, 9dB].

[0020] In one possible implementation, the antenna further includes a feeding element located at the center of the dielectric substrate, which feeds the omnidirectional radiating element. As a feeding method, the adaptive smart antenna provided in this application supports external feeding.

[0021] Secondly, a method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna is provided, the method being applied to a first RRU; the first RRU includes an adaptive smart antenna, the adaptive smart antenna comprising: a dielectric substrate, on which an omnidirectional radiating element and a directional element are disposed; the directional element is disposed around the omnidirectional radiating element; the method includes: the first RRU receiving a control signal from a first BBU; the first RRU controlling the coupling state of the directional element according to the control signal, thereby realizing different antenna patterns; wherein, when the directional element is working, the directional element is used to change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiating element by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiating element, so that the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the adaptive smart antenna meets a preset range.

[0022] The method provided in the second aspect above allows the RRU to control the coupling state of the directional units based on control signals from the BBU, flexibly switching the RRU antenna beams and selecting the optimal beam combination. This includes a combination of omnidirectional radiation patterns and directional radiation patterns that meet a preset range. This expands the overlap area between RRUs, improves capacity and data transmission rate, while ensuring a certain backward coverage area for the RRUs, thereby enhancing the user experience at the edge.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned directional unit is equipped with multiple diodes; the first RRU controls the coupling state of the directional unit according to a control signal to achieve different antenna patterns, including: the first RRU applies voltage to the multiple diodes according to the control signal to control the coupling state of the directional unit, thereby achieving different antenna patterns. The RRU controls the coupling state of the directional unit by controlling the multiple diodes of the directional unit according to the control signal from the BBU, flexibly switching the RRU antenna beam and selecting the optimal beam combination.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the above preset range is [3dB, 9dB].

[0025] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned adaptive smart antenna has a structure as described in any of the possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the above method is applied during uplink communication, or simultaneously during both uplink and downlink communication.

[0027] Thirdly, a method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna is provided. This method is applied to a first base station (BBU), which is connected to multiple remote root units (RRUs) via optical fiber. The method includes: the first BBU controlling the multiple RRUs to transmit and receive signals by traversing an omnidirectional beam and four directional beams in a preset order, and comparing the received signal levels; the front-to-back ratio of the four directional beams satisfies a preset range; the first BBU, based on the signal quality when the first RRU receives signals transmitted by the second RRU using only an omnidirectional beam with the four directional beams, selects the directional beam orientation corresponding to the best reception effect, thereby determining the antenna adjustment information of the first RRU; the first RRU is any one of the multiple RRUs, and the second RRU is any other RRU besides the first RRU; the first BBU sends a control signal to the first RRU; the control signal is used to control the radiation range of the first RRU, ensuring that the front-to-back ratio of the first RRU satisfies the preset range.

[0028] The method provided in the third aspect above involves the BBU comparing the signal levels received by transmitting and receiving signals from omnidirectional beams and directional beams of four orientations in a preset order, which meet a preset range of front-to-back ratios, to determine the orientation of the directional beam corresponding to the best reception effect, thereby determining the antenna adjustment information for each RRU; and sending control signals to each RRU to control the coupling state of the directional unit of the RRU, flexibly switching the RRU antenna beams, and selecting the optimal beam combination.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the above preset range is [3dB, 9dB].

[0030] In one possible implementation, the above method is applied during uplink communication, or simultaneously during both uplink and downlink communication.

[0031] Fourthly, an RRU is provided, the RRU comprising: an adaptive smart antenna as described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned RRU and one or more other RRUs are connected to the first BBU via optical fiber.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the RRU mentioned above is an access point (AP).

[0034] Fifthly, a BBU is provided, the BBU comprising: a memory for storing a computer program; radio frequency circuitry for receiving and transmitting radio signals; and a processor for executing the computer program to implement the methods as described in the third aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0035] Sixthly, a wireless communication system is provided, comprising: a BBU as described in the fifth aspect, and an RRU as described in the fourth aspect and any possible implementation thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 A network architecture diagram showing the application of an adaptive smart antenna provided in this application embodiment;

[0037] Figure 2 These are schematic diagrams of the coverage areas of two antennas provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 ;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main view structure of an adaptive smart antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 ;

[0044] Figure 9 Simulation of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 ;

[0045] Figure 10 Simulation of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 2 ;

[0046] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 6 ;

[0047] Figure 12 Simulation of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 3 ;

[0048] Figure 13A schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 ;

[0049] Figure 14 Simulation of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 4 ;

[0050] Figure 15 Simulation of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 5 ;

[0051] Figure 16 Simulation of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 6 ;

[0052] Figure 17 Simulation of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 7 ;

[0053] Figure 18 A flowchart illustrating a method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna, as provided in this application embodiment;

[0054] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a network device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] In the following description, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0058] Furthermore, in this application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation of the components shown in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0059] This application provides an adaptive smart antenna that can be applied to... Figure 1The distributed RRU network architecture shown is illustrated. In different scenarios, RRUs can exist in different forms; for example, an RRU can be an access point (AP). This application embodiment describes... Figure 1 The specific application scenarios for the network architecture shown are not limited.

[0060] exist Figure 1 In the distributed RRU network architecture shown, the RRU is mainly used to convert digital baseband signals into high-frequency (RF) signals and send them to the antenna for radiation; or to receive RF signals and convert them into digital baseband signals. The BBU is mainly used for signal demodulation and other data processing, and to control the antenna beam of the RRU. For example, the transmission method between the BBU and RRU is wired transmission (e.g., fiber optic transmission), and the RRU is then connected to the antenna via coaxial cable. That is, the backbone uses fiber optics, and the branches use coaxial cables. During downlink transmission, the BBU can transmit the user's digital baseband signal from the designated RRU through fiber optics to reduce interference to users on other channels in the same cell. During uplink transmission, the user's mobile phone signal is received by the nearest RRU, and then transmitted from that RRU to the BBU through fiber optics to reduce interference between users on different channels. For the structure and working principle of the BBU and RRU, please refer to the introduction and explanation in conventional technology, which will not be elaborated here.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown in (a), the coverage areas of RRU 1, RRU 2, and RRU 3 are all symmetrical coverage areas. Specifically, area A1 is the overlapping area of ​​the coverage areas of RRU 1 and RRU 2; area B1 is the overlapping area of ​​the coverage areas of RRU 1 and RRU 3; area C1 is the overlapping area of ​​the coverage areas of RRU 2 and RRU 3; and area D1 is the overlapping area of ​​the coverage areas of all three RRUs. Within an area covered by RRU 1, RRU 2, or RRU 3 alone, a user can only access the network through one RRU. For example, within an area covered by RRU 1 alone, a user can only access the network through RRU 1. At the cell edge between RRU 1 and RRU 2, the user accesses the network jointly through RRU 1 and RRU 2. In areas where multiple RRUs overlap, the user accesses the network jointly through all of the RRUs.

[0062] For example Figure 2As shown in (b), the coverage areas of RRU 1, RRU 2, and RRU 3 are all asymmetrical coverage areas. Specifically, area A2 is the overlapping area of ​​the coverage areas of RRU 1 and RRU 2; area B2 is the overlapping area of ​​the coverage areas of RRU 1 and RRU 3; area C2 is the overlapping area of ​​the coverage areas of RRU 2 and RRU 3; and area D2 is the overlapping area of ​​the coverage areas of all three RRUs. This can be understood through comparison. Figure 2 The symmetric covering scheme shown in (a) is as follows: Figure 2 The asymmetric coverage scheme shown in (b) can both expand the overlap area of ​​coverage between RRUs, improve capacity and data transmission rate, and ensure a certain backward coverage area of ​​RRUs, improving the user experience at the edge, especially for uplink transmission scenarios where the client location is unknown.

[0063] Furthermore, in this application, the antenna beam of the RRU is flexibly controlled by an adaptive smart antenna to adapt to changes in different scenarios and installation locations. For example, the RRU is controlled to traverse antenna beam combinations and select the optimal beam combination.

[0064] The structure of an adaptive smart antenna provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0065] An adaptive smart antenna provided in this application includes: a dielectric substrate on which an omnidirectional radiating element and a directional element are disposed. The directional element is disposed around the omnidirectional radiating element; the directional element is used to change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiating element by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiating element, so that the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the adaptive smart antenna meets a preset range.

[0066] For example, in this application, the preset range can be [3dB, 9dB]. The dielectric material of the dielectric substrate can be an FR-4 grade dielectric material. For example, the dielectric substrate can be an epoxy board, epoxy resin board, brominated epoxy resin board, fiberglass board, flexible circuit board reinforcing board, epoxy glass cloth board, or epoxy glass cloth laminate, etc., or the dielectric substrate can be made of any other material, which is not limited in this application.

[0067] In this application, the dielectric substrate can be square, rectangular, circular, triangular, or other shapes, and is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the size of the dielectric substrate is not limited in this application. The specific shape and size of the dielectric substrate depend on the structure of the adaptive smart antenna.

[0068] For example, when the substrate is square, its dimensions can be 55mm × 55mm, and its thickness h ∈ [0.5mm, 1.5mm]. When the substrate is circular, its diameter can be 55mm, and its thickness h ∈ [0.5mm, 1.5mm]. When the substrate is triangular, its side length can be 63mm, and its thickness h ∈ [0.5mm, 1.5mm]. When the substrate is rectangular, its dimensions can be 55mm × 45mm, and its thickness h ∈ [0.5mm, 1.5mm].

[0069] In this application, the omnidirectional radiation element may include multiple dipoles of equal length surrounding the center point of the dielectric substrate.

[0070] In one possible structure, the directional element may include at least one ring parasitic element. Each ring parasitic element has a diode, whose conduction and disconnection are controlled by a DC bias voltage to control the coupling state of each ring parasitic element, thereby achieving different antenna patterns. The working principle of the ring parasitic element is as follows: when the diode on the ring element is off, the ring element's resonant frequency is high, and less energy is coupled in, thus having little impact on the radiation pattern of the omnidirectional radiating element, maintaining an omnidirectional beam. When the diode on the ring element is on, the ring element's resonant frequency decreases, and more energy is coupled in, thus having a certain impact on the radiation pattern of the omnidirectional radiating element, achieving a directional beam with a front-to-back ratio within a preset range.

[0071] In this application, the BBU (such as the first BBU) can control the coupling state of the control directional units of multiple RRUs (including the first RRU) through control signals, thereby achieving different antenna patterns. Specifically, the RRU (such as the first RRU) can apply voltages to multiple diodes of the directional unit according to the control signals from the BBU (such as the first BBU) to control the coupling state of the directional unit, thereby achieving different antenna patterns.

[0072] For example, the BBU (such as the first BBU) can first control multiple RRUs (including the first RRU) to transmit and receive signals by traversing omnidirectional beams and directional beams of four orientations with a front-to-back ratio satisfying a preset range in a preset order, and compare the level values ​​of the received signals. Then, for each of the multiple RRUs, the following operations are performed: based on the signal quality when the RRU (such as the first RRU) uses directional beams of the four orientations to receive signals transmitted by other RRUs using omnidirectional beams alone, the orientation of the directional beam corresponding to the best reception effect is selected, thereby determining the antenna adjustment information of the RRU (such as the first RRU). The front-to-back ratio of the aforementioned directional beams of the four orientations satisfies a preset range. Finally, the first BBU sends a control signal to the RRU (such as the first RRU). This control signal is used to control the radiation range of the RRU (such as the first RRU) so that the front-to-back ratio of the RRU (such as the first RRU) satisfies the preset range.

[0073] For example, the aforementioned annular parasitic unit may be a circular annular parasitic unit, a rectangular annular parasitic unit, or a polygonal annular parasitic unit, etc., and the application does not limit the specific shape.

[0074] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an adaptive smart antenna provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 3 As shown, the adaptive smart antenna includes a dielectric substrate on which omnidirectional radiating elements and directional elements are disposed. The omnidirectional radiating elements include a first arc-shaped dipole 311, a second arc-shaped dipole 312, a third arc-shaped dipole 313, and a fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 surrounding the center point of the dielectric substrate. The directional elements include a first ring-shaped parasitic element 321, a second ring-shaped parasitic element 322, a third ring-shaped parasitic element 323, and a fourth ring-shaped parasitic element 324 disposed around the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating elements.

[0075] In this application, the adaptive smart antenna can be fed by external feeding or by self-feeding. For example, the adaptive smart antenna is fed by a feeding element located at the center point of the dielectric substrate. Figure 4 The adaptive smart antenna shown includes a feed element located at the center of the dielectric substrate. The feed element feeds the feed ports of each arc dipole of the omnidirectional radiating element.

[0076] It should be noted that, Figure 3Taking a square dielectric substrate as an example, the omnidirectional radiating element is formed by four arc-shaped dipoles of equal length, and the directional element includes four ring-shaped parasitic elements, wherein the ring-shaped parasitic elements are circular ring parasitic elements, as an example, the possible structures of the adaptive smart antenna in the embodiments of this application are introduced. The adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application can also be other combinations of dielectric substrates of other shapes, omnidirectional radiating elements of other structures, and directional elements of other structures.

[0077] For example, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another adaptive smart antenna provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 5 As shown, the adaptive smart antenna includes: a dielectric substrate on which omnidirectional radiating elements, directional elements, and a feeding element are disposed. The omnidirectional radiating element includes a first arc-shaped dipole 511, a second arc-shaped dipole 512, a third arc-shaped dipole 513, and a fourth arc-shaped dipole 514 surrounding the center point of the dielectric substrate. The directional element includes rectangular parasitic elements 521, 522, 523, and 524 disposed around the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating element. The feeding element is located at the center point of the dielectric substrate. The feeding element feeds power to the feeding ports of each arc-shaped dipole of the omnidirectional radiating element.

[0078] For example, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 A schematic diagram of another adaptive smart antenna provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 6 As shown, the adaptive smart antenna includes: a dielectric substrate on which omnidirectional radiating elements, directional elements, and a feeding element are disposed. The omnidirectional radiating element includes a first arc-shaped dipole 611, a second arc-shaped dipole 612, and a third arc-shaped dipole 613 surrounding the center point of the dielectric substrate. The directional element includes a first ring-shaped parasitic element 621, a second ring-shaped parasitic element 622, and a third ring-shaped parasitic element 623 disposed around the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating element. The feeding element is located at the center point of the dielectric substrate. The feeding element feeds power to the feeding ports of each arc-shaped dipole of the omnidirectional radiating element.

[0079] Alternatively, the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of this application may also be other combinations of dielectric substrates of other shapes, omnidirectional radiating elements of other structures, and directional elements of other structures. This application does not exhaustively list them all.

[0080] In one possible structure, the dielectric substrate includes opposing first and second surfaces, and the adaptive smart antenna may further include a metal plate. The dielectric substrate is connected to the metal plate via a support structure, and the side of the dielectric substrate closest to the metal plate is the first surface. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 7 , Figure 7This diagram illustrates a front view of an adaptive smart antenna according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 As shown, the dielectric substrate includes a first surface 710 and a second surface 720. The dielectric substrate and the metal plate are spatially parallel. The first surface 710 of the dielectric substrate is connected to the metal plate. The distance between the dielectric substrate and the metal plate is d. For example, d ∈ [8 mm, 15 mm].

[0081] This application does not limit the shape and size of the metal plate; the specific shape and size of the metal plate depend on the structure of the adaptive smart antenna. For example, the metal plate can be square, rectangular, circular, triangular, or other shapes. When the metal plate is square, its size can be 190mm × 190mm; when the metal plate is circular, its diameter can be 190mm; when the metal plate is triangular, its side length can be 210mm; and when the metal plate is rectangular, its size can be 190mm × 170mm.

[0082] It should be noted that the above Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 Taking the example where both the directional element and the omnidirectional radiation element are disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate. In this application, the directional element and the omnidirectional radiation element can be disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric substrate; they can also be disposed on the second surface 720 of the dielectric substrate; and the omnidirectional radiation element can also be partially disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric substrate and partially disposed on the second surface 720 of the dielectric substrate.

[0083] For example, Figure 4 The first annular parasitic unit 321, the second annular parasitic unit 322, the third annular parasitic unit 323, the fourth annular parasitic unit 324, the first arc-shaped dipole 311, the second arc-shaped dipole 312, the third arc-shaped dipole 313, and the fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 shown can all be disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric plate.

[0084] For example, Figure 4 The first annular parasitic unit 321, the second annular parasitic unit 322, the third annular parasitic unit 323, the fourth annular parasitic unit 324, the first arc-shaped dipole 311, the second arc-shaped dipole 312, the third arc-shaped dipole 313, and the fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 shown can all be disposed on the second surface 720 of the dielectric plate.

[0085] For example, the first annular parasitic unit 321, the second annular parasitic unit 322, the third annular parasitic unit 323 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 mentioned above can be disposed on the second surface 720 of the dielectric plate; a portion of the first arc-shaped dipole 311, the second arc-shaped dipole 312, the third arc-shaped dipole 313 and the fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 mentioned above can be disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric plate and the other portion can be disposed on the second surface 720 of the dielectric plate.

[0086] For example, the first annular parasitic unit 321, the second annular parasitic unit 322, the third annular parasitic unit 323 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 mentioned above can be disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric plate; a portion of the first arc-shaped dipole 311, the second arc-shaped dipole 312, the third arc-shaped dipole 313 and the fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 mentioned above can be disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric plate and the other portion can be disposed on the second surface 720 of the dielectric plate.

[0087] like Figure 8 As shown, the first ring parasitic element 321, the second ring parasitic element 322, the third ring parasitic element 323, and the fourth ring parasitic element 324 of the adaptive smart antenna are all disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric substrate. Each arc dipole of the adaptive smart antenna includes two conductors located on both sides of the feed port. Specifically, the first arc dipole 311 includes a first conductor 3111 and a second conductor 3112; the second arc dipole 312 includes a first conductor 3121 and a second conductor 3122; the third arc dipole 313 includes a first conductor 3131 and a second conductor 3132; and the fourth arc dipole 314 includes a first conductor 3141 and a second conductor 3142. The first conductor 3111 of the first arc-shaped dipole 311, the first conductor 3121 of the second arc-shaped dipole 312, the first conductor 3131 of the third arc-shaped dipole 313, and the first conductor 3141 of the fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 are disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric substrate; the second conductors 3112 of the first arc-shaped dipole 311, 3122 of the second arc-shaped dipole 312, 3132 of the third arc-shaped dipole 313, and 3142 of the fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 are disposed on the second surface 720 of the dielectric substrate.

[0088] In particular, diodes are provided on the first ring parasitic unit 321, the second ring parasitic unit 322, the third ring parasitic unit 323, the fourth ring parasitic unit 324, the first ring parasitic unit 521, the second ring parasitic unit 522, the third ring parasitic unit 523, the fourth ring parasitic unit 524, the first ring parasitic unit 621, the second ring parasitic unit 622, and the third ring parasitic unit 623. Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 (Not shown in the image), the diode is controlled to turn on and off by a DC bias voltage to control the coupling state of each of the ring parasitic units, thereby achieving different antenna patterns.

[0089] For example, when the diodes on the first ring parasitic unit 321, the second ring parasitic unit 322, the third ring parasitic unit 323, and the fourth ring parasitic unit 324 are all off, the first ring parasitic unit 321, the second ring parasitic unit 322, the third ring parasitic unit 323, and the fourth ring parasitic unit 324 of the directional unit will not operate. The parasitic unit not operating means that the energy coupled to the parasitic unit is small, and its impact on the radiation pattern of the omnidirectional radiating unit is small. In this case, the omnidirectional radiating unit of the adaptive smart antenna radiates energy omnidirectionally, and the coverage area of ​​the adaptive smart antenna is similar to... Figure 2 The coverage area shown in (a) is RRU 1, RRU 2 or RRU 3.

[0090] Please refer to Figure 9 (a) in the middle, Figure 9 (a) in the middle shows Figure 3 The simulation diagram shows the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna with the structure shown, when the first ring parasitic unit 321, the second ring parasitic unit 322, the third ring parasitic unit 323, and the fourth ring parasitic unit 324 of the directional unit are all inactive. Figure 9 As shown in (a), the adaptive smart antenna has an omnidirectional pattern at radiation angles θ = 45°, 60° and 75°.

[0091] When the diode on any one of the ring parasitic units 321, 322, 323, or 324 is turned on—for example, when the diode on the fourth ring parasitic unit 324 is turned on—the fourth ring parasitic unit 324 operates. Parasitic unit operation refers to a large amount of energy coupled to the parasitic unit, significantly affecting the radiation pattern of the omnidirectional radiating unit. Specifically, the fourth ring parasitic unit 324 changes the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiating unit by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiating unit. In this case, the coverage area of ​​the adaptive smart antenna is similar to... Figure 2 The coverage area shown in (b) is RRU 1, RRU 2 or RRU 3.

[0092] Please refer to Figure 9 (b) in the middle Figure 9 (b) in the middle shows Figure 3The simulation diagram shows the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna with the structure shown. When the diode on the fourth ring parasitic element 324 is turned on and the diodes on the other ring parasitic elements are turned off (i.e., the fourth ring parasitic element 324 is active, and the other ring parasitic elements are inactive), the adaptive smart antenna is shown. Figure 9 As shown in (b), when the radiation angles θ = 45°, 60°, and 75°, the adaptive smart antenna exhibits reduced radiation in the direction of the fourth ring parasitic element 324, resulting in a radiation pattern with a front-to-back ratio satisfying a preset range. Based on various directional element structures, the adaptive smart antenna can obtain at least one directional beam with a front-to-back ratio satisfying the preset range, achieving similar [specific characteristics]. Figure 2 The asymmetric coverage scheme shown in (b) is as follows. Specifically, it can both expand the overlap area of ​​coverage between RRUs, improving capacity and data transmission rate, and ensure a certain backward coverage area of ​​RRUs, improving the user experience at the edge, especially for uplink transmission scenarios where the client location is unknown.

[0093] For example, when the diodes on the first ring parasitic unit 521, the second ring parasitic unit 522, the third ring parasitic unit 523, and the fourth ring parasitic unit 524 are all turned off, the first ring parasitic unit 521, the second ring parasitic unit 522, the third ring parasitic unit 523, and the fourth ring parasitic unit 524 of the directional unit will not work. In this case, the omnidirectional radiating element of the adaptive smart antenna radiates energy omnidirectionally outward.

[0094] Please refer to Figure 10 (a) in the middle, Figure 10 (a) in the middle shows Figure 5 The simulation diagram shows the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna with the structure shown, when the first ring parasitic unit 521, the second ring parasitic unit 522, the third ring parasitic unit 523, and the fourth ring parasitic unit 524 of the directional unit are all inactive. Figure 10 As shown in (a), the adaptive smart antenna can achieve omnidirectional coverage at radiation angles θ = 45°, 60° and 75°.

[0095] When the diode on any one of the ring parasitic units 521, 522, 523, or 524 is turned on—for example, when the diode on ring parasitic unit 524 is turned on—the fourth ring parasitic unit 524 operates. Specifically, the fourth ring parasitic unit 524 changes the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiating unit by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiating unit. In this case, the coverage area of ​​the adaptive smart antenna is similar to... Figure 2The coverage area shown in (b) is RRU 1, RRU 2 or RRU 3.

[0096] Please refer to Figure 10 (b) in the middle Figure 10 (b) in the middle shows Figure 5 The simulation diagram shows the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna with the structure shown. When the diode on the fourth ring parasitic element 524 is turned on and the diodes on the other ring parasitic elements are turned off, i.e., when the fourth ring parasitic element 524 is active and the other ring parasitic elements are inactive, this is the case. Figure 10 As shown in (b), when the radiation angles θ = 45°, 60° and 75°, the radiation of the adaptive smart antenna in the direction of the fourth ring parasitic element 524 is reduced, and a radiation pattern with a front-to-back ratio that meets the preset range can be obtained.

[0097] In another possible structure, the directional unit in this application may include at least one director. Each director is equipped with a diode, which controls the operating state of the corresponding director. The working principle of the director is as follows: the director enhances the radiation in the direction of its position by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit, thereby changing the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit and obtaining a directional beam with a front-to-back ratio satisfying a preset range. For example, the director may be in the form of a straight line, a broken line, or an arc, etc., and this application is not limited to these shapes.

[0098] Please refer to Figure 11 The adaptive smart antenna includes a dielectric substrate on which an omnidirectional radiating element and a directional element are disposed. The omnidirectional radiating element includes a first arc-shaped dipole 311, a second arc-shaped dipole 312, a third arc-shaped dipole 313, and a fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 surrounding the center point of the dielectric substrate. The directional element includes a first director 1110, a second director 1120, a third director 1130, and a fourth director 1140 disposed around the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating element.

[0099] In this application, the directional elements and the omnidirectional radiation elements can be as follows: Figure 11 As shown, all elements are disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate, such as on the first surface or the second surface. Alternatively, the orientation element can be disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and a portion of the omnidirectional radiation element can be disposed on the first surface, while the other portion can be disposed on the second surface. Alternatively, the orientation element can be disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, and a portion of the omnidirectional radiation element can be disposed on the first surface, while the other portion can be disposed on the second surface. For details, please refer to... Figure 8 The structure shown will not be elaborated upon here.

[0100] in, Figure 11 Diodes are provided on the first director 1110, the second director 1120, the third director 1130, and the fourth director 1140 shown. Figure 11 (Not shown in the image), the diode is used to control the operating state of the corresponding director.

[0101] For example, when the diodes on the first director 1110, the second director 1120, the third director 1130, and the fourth director 1140 are all off, the first director 1110, the second director 1120, the third director 1130, and the fourth director 1140 of the directional unit do not operate. In this case, the omnidirectional radiating element of the adaptive smart antenna radiates energy omnidirectionally outward.

[0102] Please refer to Figure 12 (a) in the middle, Figure 12 (a) in the middle shows Figure 11 The simulation diagram shows the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna with the structure shown, when the first director 1110, the second director 1120, the third director 1130, and the fourth director 1140 of the directional unit are all inactive. Figure 12 As shown in (a), the adaptive smart antenna can achieve omnidirectional coverage at radiation angles θ = 45°, 60° and 75°.

[0103] When the diode on at least one of the directors 1110, 1120, 1130, and 1140 is turned on, for example, when both diodes on the second director 1120 and the third director 1130 are turned on, the second director 1120 and the third director 1130 operate. Specifically, the second director 1120 and the third director 1130 change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit by guiding the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit.

[0104] Please refer to Figure 12 (b) in the middle Figure 12 (b) in the middle shows Figure 11 The simulation diagram shows the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna with the structure shown. When the diodes on the second director 1120 and the third director 1130 are both conducting, and the diodes on the other directors are off (i.e., the second director 1120 and the third director 1130 are working, and the other directors are not working), the adaptive smart antenna is shown. Figure 12 As shown in (b), when the radiation angles θ = 45°, 60° and 75°, the adaptive smart antenna enhances the radiation in the directions of the adjacent second director 1120 and third director 1130, and can obtain a radiation pattern with a front-to-back ratio that meets the preset range.

[0105] In another possible structure, the directional unit in this application may include m annular parasitic units and m directors. Here, m is a positive integer, m > 1. The aforementioned m directors and m annular parasitic units are symmetrically arranged around the omnidirectional radiating unit. Each annular parasitic unit is provided with a diode, which is used to control the operating state of the corresponding annular parasitic unit. Each director is provided with a diode, which is used to control the operating state of the corresponding director.

[0106] For example, the aforementioned m annular parasitic units can be circular annular parasitic units, rectangular annular parasitic units, or polygonal annular parasitic units, etc. The aforementioned director can be in the shape of a straight line, a broken line, or an arc, etc. This application does not limit the specific shape of the annular parasitic units and the director.

[0107] In this application, both the directional elements and the omnidirectional radiation elements can be disposed on one surface of the dielectric substrate. For example, m annular parasitic elements and m directors are disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate. Alternatively, m annular parasitic elements and m directors are disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0108] Alternatively, a portion of the orientation unit may be disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and another portion on the second surface; a portion of the omnidirectional radiation unit may be disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and another portion on the second surface. For example, m annular parasitic units and m directors may be disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate; a portion of the omnidirectional radiation unit may be disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and another portion on the second surface. Another example: m annular parasitic units and m directors may be disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate; a portion of the omnidirectional radiation unit may be disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and another portion on the second surface.

[0109] Please refer to Figure 13 The adaptive smart antenna includes a dielectric substrate on which omnidirectional radiating elements and directional elements are disposed. The omnidirectional radiating elements include a first arc-shaped dipole 311, a second arc-shaped dipole 312, a third arc-shaped dipole 313, and a fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 surrounding the center point of the dielectric substrate. The directional elements include a first ring-shaped parasitic element 1311, a first director 1321, a second ring-shaped parasitic element 1312, a second director 1322, a third ring-shaped parasitic element 1313, a third director 1323, a fourth ring-shaped parasitic element 1314, and a fourth director 1324, arranged counterclockwise around the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating elements.

[0110] in, Figure 13A diode is provided on each of the following ring parasitic units: the first ring parasitic unit 1311, the second ring parasitic unit 1312, the third ring parasitic unit 1313, and the fourth ring parasitic unit 1314. Figure 13 (Not shown in the image), the diode is used to control the operating state of the corresponding ring parasitic unit. Diodes are provided on the first director 1321, the second director 1322, the third director 1323, and the fourth director 1324. Figure 13 (Not shown in the image), the diode is used to control the operating state of the corresponding director.

[0111] For example, when the diodes on the first ring parasitic unit 1311, the first director 1321, the second ring parasitic unit 1312, the second director 1322, the third ring parasitic unit 1313, the third director 1323, the fourth ring parasitic unit 1314, and the fourth director 1324 are all turned off, the directional unit does not operate. In this case, the omnidirectional radiating element of the adaptive smart antenna radiates energy omnidirectionally outward.

[0112] Please refer to Figure 14 (a) in the middle, Figure 14 (a) in the middle shows Figure 13 The simulation diagram shows the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna with the structure shown, when the directional element is not working. Figure 14 As shown in (a), the adaptive smart antenna can achieve omnidirectional coverage at radiation angles θ = 45°, 60° and 75°.

[0113] When the diodes on at least one of the first annular parasitic unit 1311, the first director 1321, the second annular parasitic unit 1312, the second director 1322, the third annular parasitic unit 1313, the third director 1323, the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314, and the fourth director 1324 are turned on, the directional unit can change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit, and can not only realize a directional beam with a front-to-back ratio that meets the preset range, but also a directional beam with a front-to-back ratio of more than 10dB.

[0114] For example, when the diodes on the first director 1321 and the second director 1322 are both on, and the diodes on the other directors and the ring parasitic unit are off, that is, when the first director 1321 and the second director 1322 are working, and the other directors and the ring parasitic unit are not working, the radiation of the adaptive smart antenna in the direction of the adjacent first director 1321 and the second director 1322 is enhanced. Figure 14 As shown in (b) in the figure, Figure 13When the first director 1321 and the second director 1322 are working, and the other directors and the ring parasitic unit are not working, the adaptive smart antenna can obtain a radiation pattern with a front-to-back ratio that meets the preset range at radiation angles θ = 45°, 60° and 75°.

[0115] For example, when the fourth ring parasitic element 1314 is turned on and the diodes on the other directors and ring parasitic elements are turned off, i.e., when the fourth ring parasitic element 1314 is working and the other directors and ring parasitic elements are not working, the radiation of the adaptive smart antenna in the direction of the fourth ring parasitic element 1314 is reduced. Figure 15 As shown, Figure 13 The adaptive smart antenna shown operates with the fourth ring parasitic element 1314 active, while the other directors and ring parasitic elements are inactive. At radiation angles θ = 45°, 60°, and 75°, it can obtain radiation patterns with a front-to-back ratio satisfying a preset range.

[0116] For example, when the diodes on the first director 1321, the second director 1322, and the fourth ring parasitic unit 1314 are all turned on, and the diodes on the other directors and ring parasitic units are turned off, that is, when the first director 1321, the second director 1322, and the fourth ring parasitic unit 1314 are working, and the other directors and ring parasitic units are not working, the adaptive smart antenna's radiation is enhanced in the direction of the adjacent first director 1321 and second director 1322, and weakened in the direction of the fourth ring parasitic unit 1314. Figure 16 As shown, Figure 13 When the first director 1321, the second director 1322, and the fourth ring parasitic element 1314 are working, and the other directors and the ring parasitic element are not working, the adaptive smart antenna can obtain a radiation pattern with a front-to-back ratio that meets the preset range at radiation angles θ = 45°, 60°, and 75°.

[0117] For example, when the diodes on the first director 1321, the third ring parasitic unit 1313, and the fourth ring parasitic unit 1314 are all turned on, and the diodes on the other directors and ring parasitic units are turned off—that is, when the first director 1321, the third ring parasitic unit 1313, and the fourth ring parasitic unit 1314 are working, and the other directors and ring parasitic units are not working—the adaptive smart antenna exhibits enhanced radiation in the direction of the first director 1321 and weakened radiation in the directions of the third ring parasitic unit 1313 and the fourth ring parasitic unit 1314. Figure 17 As shown, Figure 13When the first director 1321, the third ring parasitic element 1313, and the fourth ring parasitic element 1314 are working, and the other directors and ring parasitic elements are not working, the adaptive smart antenna can obtain a radiation pattern with a front-to-back ratio of more than 10dB at radiation angles θ = 45°, 60°, and 75°.

[0118] In this application, based on various directional element structures, the adaptive smart antenna can obtain at least one directional beam with a front-to-back ratio satisfying the preset range, achieving a similar Figure 2 The asymmetric coverage scheme shown in (b) is as follows. Specifically, it can both expand the overlap area of ​​coverage between RRUs, improving capacity and data transmission rate, and ensure a certain backward coverage area of ​​RRUs, improving the user experience at the edge, especially for uplink transmission scenarios where the client location is unknown. The RRU antenna beams are flexibly switched by controlling the diodes on the directional unit structure via the BBU to select the optimal beam combination. Specifically, the adaptive smart antenna is used to acquire at least an omnidirectional beam and k directional beams with a front-to-back ratio satisfying a preset range. k is the number of ring parasitic units and / or directors in symmetrically placed directional units of the same structure.

[0119] Optionally, the adaptive smart antenna can also be used to acquire directional beams including those with a front-to-back ratio of 10 dB or more.

[0120] It should be noted that the above Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Figure 13 The adaptive smart antenna shown is an example where the ring parasitic elements are respectively positioned outside the spaces between adjacent arc-shaped dipoles. Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 8 and Figure 13 As shown, the directional unit includes four annular parasitic units. These four annular parasitic units are respectively positioned outside the first, second, third, and fourth positions. Specifically, the first position is between the first and second arc-shaped dipoles; the second position is between the second and third arc-shaped dipoles; the third position is between the third and fourth arc-shaped dipoles; and the fourth position is between the fourth and first arc-shaped dipoles. For example, Figure 6As shown, the orientation unit includes three annular parasitic units. These three annular parasitic units are respectively positioned outside the first, second, and third positions. Specifically, the first position is between the first and second arc-shaped dipoles, the second position is between the second and third arc-shaped dipoles, and the third position is between the third and fourth arc-shaped dipoles. Figure 11 The adaptive smart antenna shown is an example where the directors are positioned outside the spaces between adjacent arc-shaped dipoles. Specifically, as... Figure 11 As shown, the orientation unit includes four directors. These four directors are respectively positioned outside the first, second, third, and fourth positions. Specifically, the first position is between the first and second arc-shaped dipoles, the second position is between the second and third arc-shaped dipoles, the third position is between the third and fourth arc-shaped dipoles, and the fourth position is between the fourth and first arc-shaped dipoles.

[0121] However, this application does not limit the specific location of the annular parasitic units and / or directors on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating unit. For example, multiple annular parasitic units can also be respectively arranged outside the positions corresponding to multiple arc-shaped dipoles; similarly, multiple directors can also be respectively arranged outside the positions corresponding to multiple arc-shaped dipoles, such as... Figure 13 As shown.

[0122] This application also provides a method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna. This method is applied to a first Remote Assisted Unit (RRU), which includes an adaptive smart antenna. The adaptive smart antenna includes a dielectric substrate on which omnidirectional radiating elements and directional elements are disposed. The directional elements are located around the omnidirectional radiating elements. For the specific structure of the adaptive smart antenna, please refer to the detailed description above; it will not be repeated here.

[0123] Please refer to Figure 18 , Figure 18 A flowchart illustrating a method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 18 As shown, the method may include the following steps S1810 and S1820:

[0124] S1810, the first RRU receives control signals from the first BBU.

[0125] For example, the first RRU and the first BBU can be connected via optical fiber. The first RRU can receive control signals from the first BBU via optical fiber.

[0126] The aforementioned control signal is used to control the coupling state of the adaptive smart antenna of the first RRU, thereby achieving different antenna patterns.

[0127] In this application, the first BBU can send a control signal to the first RRU based on the determined first RRU antenna adjustment information. The first RRU antenna adjustment information can be determined as follows: First, the first BBU controls multiple RRUs to transmit and receive signals by traversing the omnidirectional beam and four directional beams in a preset order, comparing the received signal levels. The front-to-back ratio of the four directional beams meets a preset range. Then, based on the signal quality when the first RRU receives signals transmitted by the second RRU using only the omnidirectional beam with the four directional beams, the first BBU selects the directional beam orientation corresponding to the best reception effect, thereby determining the first RRU antenna adjustment information.

[0128] S1820: The first RRU controls the coupling state of the directional unit according to the received control signal, thereby realizing different antenna patterns.

[0129] When the directional unit is working, it is used to change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit, so that the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the adaptive smart antenna meets a preset range.

[0130] Specifically, the directional unit can be equipped with multiple diodes. The first RRU can apply voltage to the multiple diodes of the directional unit according to the received control signal to control the coupling state of the directional unit, thereby realizing different antenna patterns.

[0131] This application also provides a BBU and an RRU, wherein the BBU and multiple RRUs are connected via optical fiber.

[0132] Please refer to Figure 19 , Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a network device is shown. This network device can be... Figure 1 The BBU or RRU shown. For example... Figure 19 As shown, the network device may include a processor 1901, a communication line 1902, a memory 1903, and at least one communication interface. Figure 19 (The example provided is merely illustrative and includes communication interface 1904.)

[0133] Processor 1901 may include one or more processors, wherein the processor may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other integrated circuits, without limitation.

[0134] Communication line 1902 may include a path for transmitting information between the aforementioned components.

[0135] Communication interface 1904 is used for communication with other devices or communication networks.

[0136] The memory 1903 may be ROM or RAM, or EEPROM, CD-ROM, or other optical disc storage, optical disk storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto.

[0137] It should be noted that the memory can exist independently and be connected to the processor via communication line 1902. Alternatively, the memory can be integrated with the processor.

[0138] The memory 1903 is used to store computer programs. The processor 1901 is used to execute the computer programs stored in the memory 1903, thereby implementing the methods of the relevant network elements provided in any of the method embodiments of this application.

[0139] It should be noted that processor 1901 may include one or more CPUs, for example Figure 19 CPU0 and CPU1 in the CPU.

[0140] also, Figure 19 This is merely an example of a network device and does not limit the specific structure of any network device. For example, a network device may also include other functional modules.

[0141] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An adaptive smart antenna, characterized by The antenna belongs to the first radio frequency remote unit (RRU), and the antenna includes: a dielectric substrate, on which an omnidirectional radiating element and a directional element are disposed; The directional unit is disposed around the omnidirectional radiation unit; the directional unit is used for: According to the control signal from the first baseband processing unit (BBU), the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit is changed by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit, so that the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the antenna meets a preset range. The control signal is sent by the first BBU based on the antenna adjustment information. The antenna adjustment information is determined by the first BBU based on the signal quality when the first RRU uses four directional beams to receive the signal transmitted by the second RRU using an omnidirectional beam alone, and then selects the directional beam orientation corresponding to the best reception effect.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate includes opposing first and second surfaces; the antenna further includes: A metal plate, wherein the dielectric plate is connected to the metal plate by a support structure, and the side of the dielectric plate closest to the metal plate is the first surface.

3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein, The directional unit includes at least one ring parasitic unit, and each ring parasitic unit is provided with a diode. The diode is controlled to conduct and disconnect by a DC bias voltage to control the coupling state of each ring parasitic unit, thereby realizing different antenna patterns.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The annular parasitic unit includes one or more of the following: circular annular parasitic unit or polygonal annular parasitic unit.

5. The antenna according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The directional unit includes at least one director, each of which is provided with a diode. The diode is controlled to be turned on and off by a DC bias voltage to control the coupling state of each director, thereby achieving different antenna patterns.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The orientation unit includes m ring parasitic units and m directors, where m is a positive integer and m > 1; The m directors and the m annular parasitic units are symmetrically arranged around the omnidirectional radiation unit.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The m annular parasitic units are disposed on the first surface, and the m directors are disposed on the second surface; or... The m annular parasitic units are disposed on the second surface, and the m directors are disposed on the first surface; or... The m annular parasitic units and the m directors are all disposed on the first surface; or... The m annular parasitic units and the m directors are all disposed on the second surface.

8. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-4 and 6-7, characterized in that, The omnidirectional radiation unit includes multiple dipoles surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate; the multiple dipoles are of equal length.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The omnidirectional radiation unit includes a first arc-shaped dipole, a second arc-shaped dipole, a third arc-shaped dipole, and a fourth arc-shaped dipole surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, The orientation unit includes four annular parasitic units; the four annular parasitic units are respectively disposed outside the first position, second position, third position and fourth position; Wherein, the first position is between the first arc-shaped dipole and the second arc-shaped dipole, the second position is between the second arc-shaped dipole and the third arc-shaped dipole, the third position is between the third arc-shaped dipole and the fourth arc-shaped dipole, and the fourth position is between the fourth arc-shaped dipole and the first arc-shaped dipole.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, 6-7, and 9-10, characterized in that, The preset range of the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the antenna is [3dB, 9dB].

12. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, 6-7, and 9-10, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a feeding unit located at the center point of the dielectric substrate, the feeding unit being used to feed the omnidirectional radiating unit.

13. A method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna, characterized in that, The method is applied to a first radio frequency remote unit (RRU); the first RRU includes an adaptive smart antenna, the adaptive smart antenna including: a dielectric substrate, on which an omnidirectional radiating element and a directional element are disposed; the directional element is disposed around the omnidirectional radiating element; the method includes: The first RRU receives a control signal from the first baseband processing unit (BBU). The control signal is sent by the first BBU based on antenna adjustment information. The antenna adjustment information is determined by the first BBU based on the signal quality when the first RRU uses four directional beams to receive the signal transmitted by the second RRU using an omnidirectional beam alone, and then selects the directional beam orientation corresponding to the best reception effect. The first RRU controls the coupling state of the directional unit according to the control signal, thereby realizing different antenna patterns; When the directional unit is working, it is used to change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit, so that the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the adaptive smart antenna meets a preset range.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The orientation unit is equipped with multiple diodes; The first RRU controls the coupling state of the directional unit according to the control signal, thereby realizing different antenna patterns, including: The first RRU applies voltage to the plurality of diodes according to the control signal to control the coupling state of the directional unit, thereby achieving different antenna patterns.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The preset range is [3dB, 9dB].

16. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The adaptive smart antenna has the structure as described in any one of claims 2-12.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The method can be applied to uplink communication or simultaneously to both uplink and downlink communication.

18. A method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna, characterized in that, The method is applied to a first baseband processing unit (BBU), which is connected to multiple remote root units (RRUs) via optical fibers; the method includes: The first BBU controls the multiple RRUs to traverse the omnidirectional beam and the four directional beams in a preset order to transmit and receive signals, and compares the level values ​​of the received signals; the front-to-back ratio of the four directional beams meets a preset range. The first BBU selects the directional beam orientation corresponding to the best reception effect based on the signal quality when the first RRU receives the signal transmitted by the second RRU using an omnidirectional beam with the four orientations of the first RRU, thereby determining the antenna adjustment information of the first RRU; the first RRU is any one of the plurality of RRUs, and the second RRU is any other RRU among the plurality of RRUs except the first RRU; The first BBU sends a control signal to the first RRU; the control signal is used to control the radiation range of the first RRU so that the front-to-back ratio of the first RRU meets a preset range.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The preset range is [3dB, 9dB].

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The method can be applied to uplink communication or simultaneously to both uplink and downlink communication.

21. A radio frequency remote unit (RRU), characterized in that, The RRU includes: an adaptive smart antenna as described in any one of claims 1-12.

22. The RRU according to claim 21, characterized in that, The RRU and one or more other RRUs are connected to the first baseband processing unit (BBU) via optical fiber.

23. The RRU according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that, The RRU is an Access Point (AP).

24. A baseband processing unit (BBU), characterized in that, The BBU includes: Memory, used to store computer programs; Radio frequency (RF) circuits are used to receive and transmit radio signals; A processor for executing the computer program to implement the method as described in any one of claims 18-20.

25. A wireless communication system, characterized in that, The wireless communication system includes: The baseband processing unit (BBU) as described in claim 24, and the radio frequency remote unit (RRU) as described in any one of claims 21-23.

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