Photovoltaic tile and connection and fixing method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a photovoltaic tile and a connection and fixing method thereof. The photovoltaic tile uses a polymer packaging material and a metal with good ductility as a base plate, and is formed through an integrated packaging process, wherein the photovoltaic tile is also provided with a first connecting fastener and a second connecting fastener. The two adjacent photovoltaic tiles are connected laterally through a 360° bite-edge locking connection of the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener to achieve horizontal laying. At the same time, the two adjacent photovoltaic tiles are fixed on the roof or ridge through the bite connection of the fastening fasteners, and a lap connection method is adopted longitudinally to achieve longitudinal laying, and the circuit connection is achieved through wires. The photovoltaic tile has the characteristics of good weather resistance, hail impact resistance, easy processing, waterproofness, strong wind pressure resistance, and simple installation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic building integration, and in particular to a photovoltaic tile and a connection and fixing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Today, people's pursuit of a comfortable building environment is increasing, leading to a surge in building energy consumption. According to statistics, in developed countries, building energy consumption accounts for approximately 30-40% of national energy consumption. Therefore, the development of clean power resources is an inevitable trend in the development of architecture.

[0003] Building-in-Platform Photovoltaics (BIPV) refers to the partial replacement of traditional building materials with photovoltaic materials, applied to roofs, glass skylights, curtain walls, and other building exteriors. This allows them to be used as both building materials and to generate electricity, truly achieving the best of both worlds. In recent years, photovoltaic tiles have become available on the market, combining the functions of traditional tiles with photovoltaic power generation. Photovoltaic tiles are laid on building roofs to form a photovoltaic roof system. The converted electricity can be used to power the building itself, and any excess electricity can be fed into the local power grid, allowing for more efficient utilization of the energy. Currently, both domestic and international governments are intensively introducing policies and development goals to support near-zero-energy buildings. As a mainstream form of green building, BIPV is highly consistent with the global trend of green building development and represents the future trend of urban and building energy development.

[0004] Traditional photovoltaic tile systems in the existing technology often have the following technical defects: the installation structure of traditional photovoltaic tiles is relatively complex, requiring a punching design, and the waterproof and wind pressure resistance levels are poor; traditional photovoltaic tiles use materials such as stainless steel and glass, which are heavy, have high transportation costs, and have poor weather resistance. In addition, the connection parts of the photovoltaic tiles are high, blocking the sunlight and affecting the actual usable area of ​​the solar panels; during the use of photovoltaic tiles, they often deform due to thermal expansion and contraction, resulting in damage to the photovoltaic tiles.

[0005] Chinese invention patent CN110190803A discloses a photovoltaic tile and a photovoltaic building surface thereof. This invention provides a first connector and a second connector on the back of the photovoltaic tile. The first connector is provided with a slot, and the second connector is provided with a block. The blocks of one photovoltaic tile are engaged with the slot of the other to secure the two adjacent photovoltaic tiles. This eliminates the need for a frame to connect the two adjacent photovoltaic tiles, improving the appearance consistency of the photovoltaic building surface and allowing the two adjacent photovoltaic tiles to be placed close together. While this photovoltaic tile achieves a consistent appearance, it still suffers from technical issues such as cumbersome construction procedures and difficulty in subsequent maintenance.

[0006] Chinese invention patent CN110572113A discloses a photovoltaic tile and a photovoltaic roof. The photovoltaic tile disclosed in the invention includes an upper layer of glass, a lower layer of glass, and a photovoltaic cell. The upper layer of glass and the lower layer of glass are the same size, and the upper layer of glass and the lower layer of glass are staggered. The photovoltaic cell is located between the upper layer of glass and the lower layer of glass, and the photovoltaic cell is located in the area where the upper layer of glass and the lower layer of glass overlap. The above-mentioned technical solution disclosed in this application sets the photovoltaic cell in the overlapping area of ​​the upper layer of glass and the lower layer of glass, and the staggered distribution of the upper layer of glass and the lower layer of glass enables the photovoltaic tile to be seamlessly connected with other photovoltaic tiles, thereby reducing the probability of water leakage at the connection between the photovoltaic tiles. However, this solution uses glass as the base material, which is difficult to transport and easy to break. It has poor impact resistance, wind pressure resistance, and water leakage resistance.

[0007] Chinese invention patent CN110847521A discloses a new type of photovoltaic color steel tile. The invention discloses a new type of photovoltaic color steel tile, comprising a color steel tile body, a solar cell panel connected to the top surface of the color steel tile body, a measuring mechanism provided on the outer wall of the solar cell panel, and a mounting mechanism provided on the top surface of the color steel tile body. The measuring mechanism comprises a first detection box, a first temperature sensor, and a second temperature sensor. The first temperature sensor, a first probe, and a hot air blower are configured so that after a large amount of snow accumulates on the color steel tile roof, the first temperature sensor detects the surface temperature of the color steel tile using the first probe, and the second temperature sensor detects the temperature above the color steel tile using the second probe. The grooves, telescopic rods, and fixing clamps allow workers to install the color steel tile on higher roofs by connecting the fixing clamp to the color steel tile. The length of the telescopic rod can be adjusted to clamp the connecting plate and the color steel tile to the roof structure, securing the color steel tile. This solution uses stainless steel as the base plate, which is heavy and expensive to transport. Furthermore, the solar cell panels are attached to the top surface of the color steel tile, which can easily fall off and lack structural security.

[0008] Therefore, a photovoltaic tile is needed that is simple to process, convenient to connect, light in weight, and easy to disassemble and assemble. At the same time, the photovoltaic tile also needs to have excellent weather resistance, impact resistance, waterproof and rainproof properties, and resistance to thermal expansion and contraction deformation. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the above-mentioned defects and or deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a photovoltaic tile with good weather resistance, strong impact resistance, waterproof and rainproof performance, and good resistance to thermal expansion and contraction deformation. At the same time, the photovoltaic tile also has the characteristics of convenient connection, light weight, and easy disassembly and installation.

[0010] In a first aspect, a photovoltaic tile of the present invention includes a power generation module and a connecting fastener, wherein the power generation module and the connecting fastener have an integrally connected metal base plate and a weather-resistant film layer covering the upper surface of the metal base plate, wherein the connecting fastener includes: a first connecting fastener and a second connecting fastener, wherein the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener are respectively located on the left and right sides of the power generation module in a horizontal direction, and the weather-resistant film layer covers the upper surface of the metal base plate and the edges of the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener;

[0011] Furthermore, the first connecting fastener includes a first vertical rib, a first buckle edge, and a second buckle edge. The first vertical rib is formed by bending the metal base plate upward, and the angle formed between the first vertical rib and the metal base plate is 90° to 120°. The first buckle edge is formed by bending the first vertical rib outward, and the first buckle edge is parallel to the metal base plate. The second buckle edge is formed by bending the first buckle edge downward, and the angle formed between the second buckle edge and the first buckle edge is 90°. The second connecting fastener includes: a second vertical rib and a third buckle edge. The second vertical rib is formed by bending the metal base plate upward, and the angle formed between the second vertical rib and the metal base plate is 90°. The third buckle edge is formed by bending the second vertical rib inward, and the third buckle edge is parallel to the metal base plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the first buckle edge width is greater than the third buckle edge width, which is greater than the second buckle edge width; the height of the first vertical rib and the second vertical rib is 20 to 40 mm, and the height of the first vertical rib is greater than the height of the second vertical rib;

[0013] Furthermore, the power generation module has a photovoltaic cell group layer located between a metal base plate and a weather-resistant film layer, an impact-resistant layer is provided between the photovoltaic cell group layer and the weather-resistant film layer, an insulating layer is provided between the photovoltaic cell group layer and the metal base plate, and an adhesive layer is provided between the metal base plate, the insulating layer, the photovoltaic cell group layer, the impact-resistant layer and the weather-resistant film layer, and the weather-resistant film layer, the impact-resistant layer, the insulating layer and the adhesive layer are all made of polymer materials; a junction box and connecting wires are provided on the lower surface of the metal base plate, and the positive and negative electrodes of the photovoltaic cell group layer are led out from the junction box and the connecting wires through openings in the metal base plate and the insulating layer;

[0014] As a preferred solution, the shape of the photovoltaic tile is rectangular, trapezoidal, fan-shaped, triangular, polygonal, or circular; and the surface of the photovoltaic tile is flat or curved.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for connecting and fixing photovoltaic tiles, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1: longitudinal overlap: two adjacent photovoltaic tiles are connected longitudinally by overlapping, with the lower surface of the metal base plate of the photovoltaic tile at the higher level overlapping the upper surface of the weather-resistant film layer of the photovoltaic tile at the lower level;

[0017] S2: Horizontal lock-edge connection: two adjacent photovoltaic tiles are connected horizontally by lock-edge connection, and the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener of the two photovoltaic tiles are locked 360°. A fastening fastener is set between the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener to fix them on the roof or ridge;

[0018] S3: Circuit connection, the photovoltaic tile circuit is connected through connecting wires and connectors, and the connection mode is one of series connection and parallel connection or a combination thereof;

[0019] Furthermore, the fastening fastener includes: a fixed fastening fastener and a sliding fastening fastener, the bases of the fixed fastening fastener and the sliding fastening fastener are fixed on the roof or the ridge, and the fastening portions of the fixed fastening fastener and the sliding fastening fastener are arranged in the connection gap between the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener, and fastened with the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener;

[0020] The first connecting fastener, the second connecting fastener and the fastening fastener are locked by a locking device, and a fixed fastening fastener and at least one sliding fastening fastener are provided at the bite connection between two adjacent photovoltaic tiles;

[0021] Furthermore, a water-blocking isolation layer is provided in the longitudinal overlap gap between the two photovoltaic tiles, the overlap length ranges from 50 to 300 mm, and a purlin or support beam is also provided at the lower end of the overlap portion.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention are:

[0023] 1. The photovoltaic tiles of the present invention are encapsulated with lightweight metals and polymer materials, are light in weight and simple in structure. Compared with existing photovoltaic tiles, single panels can cover a larger area, are easy to prepare and install, and save costs.

[0024] 2. The surface of the photovoltaic tile is covered with a transparent weather-resistant film layer, which makes the photovoltaic tile weather-resistant and wear-resistant, with low surface energy and self-cleaning function. An impact-resistant layer is set on the upper part of the photovoltaic power generation layer to avoid damage to the photovoltaic power generation layer caused by hail and other impacts in outdoor environments, thereby improving the impact protection effect of the photovoltaic cells and ensuring the safety and life of the photovoltaic tiles. The lower layer of lightweight metal plate has good ductility and is easy to process. The photovoltaic tiles can be prepared into various shapes and certain curvatures to adapt to more building shapes and structures.

[0025] 3. The ribs at the transverse connection of the photovoltaic tiles of the present invention are low, which reduces the obstruction of sunlight. The transverse connection adopts a snap-on lock-edge type, which eliminates the bolt and rivet installation and fixing method. The tile panel does not require any penetration. The front and rear panels are overlapped and sealed longitudinally, with excellent waterproof performance. Even if rainwater overflows the ribs after locking, it can still ensure waterproofness and avoid rainwater leakage.

[0026] 4. Photovoltaic products generate a large amount of heat when exposed to the sun and generating electricity, resulting in a large temperature difference between the tile body during the day and night. In the present invention, the first vertical rib of the photovoltaic tile is designed to be at an obtuse angle to the base plate. After locking the edge, there is a certain retractable gap between the first vertical rib and the second vertical rib of the second connecting fastener. At the same time, a connection and fixing method combining fixed fasteners and sliding fasteners is adopted, which can not only ensure the stability of the structure and good wind pressure resistance, but also distribute the displacement caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the photovoltaic tile to the vertical rib gap and each sliding fastener, so that the huge temperature stress can be released through appropriate displacement, avoiding mutual squeezing or tension deformation of the plates, and improving the stability of the structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments described in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic tile according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of a photovoltaic tile according to an embodiment of the present invention

[0030] Figure 3 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic tile 111 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic tile 112 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic tile fastening fastener according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the transverse locking connection of photovoltaic tiles according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal overlap of photovoltaic tiles according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is an enlarged view of the photovoltaic tile 113 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Description of Reference Numerals

[0037] 1-power generation module, 101-first connecting fastener, 102-second connecting fastener, 2-first vertical rib, 3-first buckle edge, 4-second buckle edge, 5-second vertical rib, 6-third buckle edge, 7-angle between base plate and first vertical rib, 8-junction box, 9-positive and negative connecting wires, 10-metal base plate, 11-insulating layer, 12-photovoltaic cell assembly layer, 13-impact-resistant layer, 14-weather-resistant film layer, 15-adhesive layer, 16-fastening fastener, 17-fixed base, 18-water-blocking isolation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to illustrate the relevant invention and are not intended to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only portions relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0039] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic tile of this embodiment comprises a power generation module 1 and a first connecting fastener 101 and a second connecting fastener 102 located on the left and right sides of the upper surface of the power generation module 1.

[0042] Among them, the power generation module 1 and the first connecting fastener 101 and the second connecting fastener 102 are an integral structure, wherein the first connecting fastener 101 includes a first vertical rib 2, a first buckle edge 3 and a second buckle edge 4, the first vertical rib 2 is formed by bending the metal base plate 10 upward, and the angle formed by the first vertical rib 2 and the power generation module 1 is 90° to 120°, preferably 100° here; the first buckle edge 3 is formed by bending the first vertical rib 2 outward, and the first buckle edge 3 is parallel to the power generation module 1, and the second buckle edge 4 is formed by bending the first buckle edge 3 downward, and the angle formed between the second buckle edge 4 and the first buckle edge 3 is 90°; the second connecting fastener includes: the second vertical rib 2 The rib 5 and the third buckle edge 6, the second vertical rib 5 is formed by bending the metal bottom plate 10 upward, and the angle between the second vertical rib 5 and the power generation module 1 is 90 degrees. The third buckle edge 6 is formed by bending the second vertical rib 5 inward, and the third buckle edge 6 is parallel to the power generation module 1; the main reason why the first vertical rib 2 is set at an angle of 90 degrees to 120 degrees with the power generation module 1 is that after locking, there is a certain retractable gap between the second vertical rib and the second connecting fastener. During the use of the photovoltaic tile, it will be deformed due to thermal expansion and contraction. The retractable gap here can buffer the deformation, which can effectively reduce the damage to the photovoltaic tile caused by stress during thermal expansion and contraction;

[0043] In the embodiment of the present invention, the width of the first buckle edge 3 is greater than the width of the third buckle edge 6, which is greater than the width of the second buckle edge 4. In the embodiment of the present invention, the height of the first vertical rib is greater than the height of the second vertical rib. In the preferred embodiment, the height of the first vertical rib 2 is 26 mm, and the height of the second vertical rib 5 is 25 mm.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present invention, the photovoltaic tile further includes fastening fasteners, such as Figure 5 As shown, the fasteners are used for connecting the first connecting fastener 101 and the second connecting fastener 102 to the roof or ridge at the bite point during the horizontal laying of photovoltaic tiles; the fasteners in the embodiment of the present invention include: a fixed fastener and a sliding fastener, the fixed end of the fixed fastener is fixed to the roof or ridge by bolts, and the bite end is bite-connected with the first connecting fastener 101 and the second connecting fastener 102; the connecting end of the sliding fastener is fixed to the roof or ridge by bolts, and the bite end is bite-connected with the first connecting fastener 101 and the second connecting fastener 102. Unlike the fixed fastener, the sliding fastener has a sliding connection between the fixed end and the bite end, which can perform a small amount of displacement within a certain range. In the embodiment of the present invention, a fixed fastener and two sliding fasteners are arranged between two adjacent photovoltaic tiles; this connection and fixing method can distribute the displacement caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the photovoltaic tiles to each sliding fastener, and can also effectively reduce the damage to the solar panels caused by the stress caused by thermal expansion and contraction.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present invention, the photovoltaic tile has a rectangular planar shape.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] In an embodiment of the present invention, the photovoltaic tile further includes a photovoltaic module, which converts solar energy into electrical energy to provide continuous energy for the building.

[0048] The power generation module 1, the first connecting fastener 101 and the second connecting fastener 102 have a metal plate layer 10 and a weather-resistant film 14 connected as a whole. Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, the weather-resistant film layer 14 completely covers the upper surface of the metal base plate 10 and the edges of the first connecting fastener 101 and the second connecting fastener 102; Figure 4 As shown, the photovoltaic module is located in the center of the upper surface of the base plate, not covering the entire base plate, and no photovoltaic module is laid on the first connecting fastener 101 and the second connecting fastener 102 and their connection. This design is beneficial to reduce the damage of the edge sealing device to the photovoltaic module during the installation process of the photovoltaic tile; Figure 3As shown, the photovoltaic power generation layer 12 is located between the metal base plate 10 and the weather-resistant film 14, wherein the positive and negative electrodes of the photovoltaic power generation layer 12 are connected to the junction box 8 and the positive and negative connecting wires 9 provided on the lower surface of the metal base plate 10, and the positive and negative connecting wires 9 introduce the positive and negative electrodes of the photovoltaic power generation layer 12 into the junction box 8 through the openings on the metal base plate 10.

[0049] An impact-resistant layer 13 is provided between the photovoltaic power generation layer 12 and the weather-resistant film layer 14;

[0050] An insulating layer 11 is provided between the photovoltaic power generation layer and the metal plate layer;

[0051] An adhesive layer 15 is provided between the metal plate layer 10, the insulating layer 11, the photovoltaic power generation layer 12, the impact-resistant layer 13, and the weather-resistant film layer 14;

[0052] As one of the embodiments of the present invention, the metal base plate 10 is one of an aluminum-magnesium-manganese alloy plate, a titanium-zinc alloy plate, and a stainless steel plate. In this embodiment, the metal base plate 10 is preferably an aluminum-magnesium-manganese alloy plate, and more preferably a 3004 aluminum-magnesium-manganese alloy plate.

[0053] As one embodiment of the present invention, the insulating layer 11 is one or more composite materials selected from BOPET, PP, PA, PE, PBT, and PEN. In this embodiment, the insulating layer 11 is preferably a BOPET film.

[0054] As one of the embodiments of the present invention, the weather-resistant film layer 14 is one of transparent fluorine-containing films such as ETFE, FEP, PVF, PVDF, and ECTFE. In this embodiment, a transparent ETFE material film is preferably used;

[0055] As one embodiment of the present invention, the impact-resistant layer 13 is a single layer or multilayer combination structure of one or more of transparent BOPET, PBT, PEN, PC, PMMA, PCTG, and glass fiber board. In this embodiment, a transparent BOPET film is preferred;

[0056] As one of the embodiments of the present invention, the material of the adhesive layer 15 is one or more of EVA film, polyolefin film, TPU film, silicone adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, epoxy resin adhesive, and acrylic adhesive. In this embodiment, thermosetting EVA film is preferred.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic tile provided by the present invention includes a portion 111 on which a photovoltaic cell layer is laid and a portion 112 on which a photovoltaic cell layer is not laid, wherein the photovoltaic tile portion 111 on which a photovoltaic cell layer is laid is designed to have a thickness of 1mm-1.2mm, and the photovoltaic tile portion 112 on which a photovoltaic cell layer is not laid is designed to have a thickness of 0.3-0.5mm ( Figure 2(not shown in the figure), preferably, the design thickness of the photovoltaic tile portion 111 where the photovoltaic cell layer is laid is 1 mm, and the design thickness of the portion 112 where the photovoltaic cell layer is not laid is 0.3 mm, that is, the thickness of the first connecting fasteners and the second connecting fasteners at both ends of the photovoltaic tile is smaller than the thickness of the portion 112 where the photovoltaic cell layer is laid, which is more conducive to the upright lock-edge bite connection between two adjacent photovoltaic tiles.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] In order to more clearly describe the photovoltaic tiles provided by the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for preparing the photovoltaic tiles, and the preparation method is as follows:

[0060] 1. First, the 3004 aluminum-magnesium-manganese alloy plate selected in Example 2 is used to cover the entire upper surface of the power generation module 1, such as Figure 3 As shown, the remaining materials are laid in order from the bottom to the top, and from the bottom to the top are the metal base plate 10, the bonding layer 15, the insulating layer 11, the bonding layer 15, the photovoltaic power generation layer 12, the bonding layer 15, the impact-resistant layer 13, the bonding layer 15, and the weather-resistant film layer 14. Except for the weather-resistant film layer 14, the other layers of materials are all located in the center of the power generation module 1, and do not cover the entire upper surface of the metal base plate 10. The weather-resistant film layer 14 covers the entire upper surface of the metal base plate 10, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, there is no solar photovoltaic layer on the left and right sides of the photovoltaic tile, only the metal plate layer 10, the adhesive layer 15 and the weather-resistant film layer 14; after the above materials are laid, they are laminated and packaged to form a whole;

[0061] 2. The photovoltaic tiles laminated in step 1 are subjected to a bending or pressing device to prepare a first connecting fastener 101 and a second connecting fastener 102, wherein the first vertical rib 2 is formed by bending the metal base plate 10 upward, and the bending angle between the first vertical rib 2 and the power generation module 1 is 100 degrees; the first buckle edge 3 is formed by bending the first vertical rib 2 outward, and the first buckle edge 3 is parallel to the power generation module 1; the second buckle edge 4 is formed by bending the first buckle edge 3 downward, and the bending angle between the second buckle edge 4 and the first buckle edge 3 is 90 degrees; the second vertical rib 5 is formed by bending the metal base plate 10 upward, and the bending angle between the second vertical rib 5 and the power generation module 1 is 90 degrees; the third buckle edge 6 is formed by bending the second vertical rib 5 inward, and the third buckle edge 6 is parallel to the power generation module 1;

[0062] 3. Install the junction box and connecting wires on the photovoltaic tiles prepared in steps 1 and 2, wherein the junction box 8 and the positive and negative connecting wires 9 are both set on the lower surface of the photovoltaic tile power generation module 1, the junction box 8 is bonded to the lower surface of the metal base plate 10, and the positive and negative connecting wires 9 are electrically connected to the photovoltaic power generation layer 12.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] In order to clearly describe the installation method of the photovoltaic tiles of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a connection and fixing method of the photovoltaic tiles, including the following steps:

[0065] S1: longitudinal overlap; two adjacent photovoltaic tiles are connected longitudinally by overlapping, and the bottom lower surface of the photovoltaic tile at the higher horizontal position is overlapped on the top upper surface of the photovoltaic tile at the lower horizontal position; wherein the photovoltaic tile is in the longitudinal direction, the width of the power generation module 1 at the unbent position of the photovoltaic tile at the higher horizontal position is slightly larger than the width of the power generation module 1 at the unbent position of the photovoltaic tile at the lower horizontal position. In this embodiment, the width difference is set to 4mm, the processing height of the second vertical rib 5 at the higher horizontal position of the photovoltaic tile is slightly larger than the processing height of the second vertical rib 5 at the lower horizontal position of the photovoltaic tile. In this embodiment, the processing height difference is set to 4mm, the processing width of the first buckle edge 3 at the higher horizontal position of the photovoltaic tile is slightly smaller than the processing width of the first buckle edge 3 at the lower horizontal position of the photovoltaic tile. In this embodiment, the processing width difference is 4mm, the processing width of the second buckle edge 4 at the higher horizontal position of the photovoltaic tile is slightly smaller than the processing width of the second buckle edge 4 at the lower horizontal position of the photovoltaic tile. The processing width difference in this embodiment is 4mm; such as Figure 7 As shown, by designing the width difference of the upper and lower longitudinal sides of the photovoltaic tiles, the longitudinal overlap of two adjacent photovoltaic tiles is achieved in terms of size and structure. In addition, a water-blocking isolation layer 18 is provided in the longitudinal overlap gap between the two adjacent photovoltaic tiles. The water-blocking isolation layer 18 provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a waterproof sealing strip. In the embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal overlap length of the two adjacent photovoltaic tiles is 100 mm. A support beam is also provided at the lower end of the overlap portion for supporting the two solar panels, thereby increasing the stability and firmness of the overlap.

[0066] S2: Horizontal lock-edge connection: two adjacent photovoltaic tiles are connected horizontally by lock-edge connection, and the first connecting fasteners 101 and the second connecting fasteners 102 of the two photovoltaic tiles are engaged; Figure 6As shown, the fastening fastener is connected by bolts and fixed on the roof or ridge. The fastening fastener is set in the connection gap between the first connecting fastener 101 and the second connecting fastener 102. The width of each rib and buckle edge of the occlusal end of the fastening fastener is smaller than the width of the rib and buckle edge of the first connecting fastener 101 in direct contact with it. In the embodiment of the present invention, the width difference is set to 4mm. The width of each rib and buckle edge of the occlusal end of the fastening fastener is larger than the width of the rib and buckle edge of the second connecting fastener 102 in direct contact with it. The width difference is set to 4 mm. By setting the width of the vertical ribs and buckle edges of the first connecting fastener 101, the fastening fastener and the second connecting fastener 102 in descending order, the first connecting fastener 101, the fastening fastener and the second connecting fastener 102 can be nested in sequence. The first connecting fastener 101, the fastening fastener and the second connecting fastener 102 that have been nested are locked by a locking device. In the embodiment of the present invention, a fixed fastening fastener and two sliding fastening fasteners are provided at the bite connection between two adjacent photovoltaic tiles.

[0067] S3: Circuit connection. The photovoltaic tile circuit is connected through connecting wires and connectors. In the embodiment of the present invention, MC4 connectors are used for connection, and the connection method is a mixed series and parallel connection.

[0068] In this embodiment, an upright double-locking connection is used, and the photovoltaic tile has no through-type connection, which completely eliminates the damage to the photovoltaic tile caused by bolts, rivets and other connection methods during the installation process; this upright double-locking edge system is a 360° locking edge, and the waterproof performance is more reliable. Even if rainwater overflows the vertical ribs, the photovoltaic tile can still ensure that it will not overflow the vertical ribs and penetrate into the room during heavy rain; in this embodiment, a fixing method combining fixed fasteners and sliding fasteners is adopted to distribute the displacement caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the roof panel to each sliding fastener, so that the huge temperature stress of the photovoltaic tile during use can be released through appropriate displacement, thereby ensuring that the photovoltaic tile will not be squeezed or stretched and deformed due to temperature stress; the photovoltaic tile can not only be suitable for roofs or ridges with relatively gentle slopes, but also can be improved by improving the shape of the photovoltaic tile so that it can be suitable for more complex three-dimensional architectural shapes.

[0069] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer" indicating orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to simplify the description of the invention. They do not imply that the device must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific manner, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications and changes do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic tile, characterized by: The photovoltaic tile includes a power generation module and a connecting fastener, wherein the power generation module and the connecting fastener have a metal base plate and a weather-resistant film layer connected in an integral manner. The connecting fastener includes: a first connecting fastener and a second connecting fastener, wherein the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener are respectively located on the left and right sides of the power generation module in the horizontal direction, and the weather-resistant film layer covers the upper surface of the metal base plate and the edges of the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener; The first connecting fastener includes a first vertical rib, a first buckle edge and a second buckle edge; the first vertical rib is formed by bending the metal base plate upward, and the angle formed between the first vertical rib and the power generation module is 100°~120°, the first buckle edge is formed by bending the first vertical rib outward, and the first buckle edge is parallel to the power generation module, the second buckle edge is formed by bending the first buckle edge downward, and the angle formed between the second buckle edge and the first buckle edge is 90°, the second connecting fastener includes: a second vertical rib and a third buckle edge, the second vertical rib is formed by bending the metal base plate upward, and the angle formed between the second vertical rib and the power generation module is 90°, the third buckle edge is formed by bending the second vertical rib inward, and the third buckle edge is parallel to the base plate.

2. A photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first buckle edge width is greater than the third buckle edge width, which is greater than the second buckle edge width. The heights of the first vertical rib and the second vertical rib are 20 to 40 mm, and the height of the first vertical rib is greater than the height of the second vertical rib.

3. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation module has a photovoltaic cell group layer located between a metal base plate and a weather-resistant film layer, an impact-resistant layer is arranged between the photovoltaic cell group layer and the weather-resistant film layer, an insulating layer is arranged between the photovoltaic cell group layer and the metal base plate, and an adhesive layer is arranged between the metal base plate, the insulating layer, the photovoltaic cell group layer, the impact-resistant layer and the weather-resistant film layer, and the weather-resistant film layer, the impact-resistant layer, the insulating layer and the adhesive layer are all made of polymer materials; a junction box and connecting wires are arranged on the lower surface of the metal base plate, and the positive and negative poles of the photovoltaic cell group layer are led out from the junction box and the connecting wires through openings on the metal base plate and the insulating layer.

4. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the photovoltaic tile is rectangular, trapezoidal, fan-shaped, triangular, polygonal or circular; the surface of the photovoltaic tile is flat or curved.

5. A method for connecting and fixing photovoltaic tiles according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: These include: S1: longitudinal overlap: two adjacent photovoltaic tiles are connected longitudinally by overlapping, with the lower surface of the metal base plate of the photovoltaic tile at the higher level overlapping the upper surface of the weather-resistant film layer of the photovoltaic tile at the lower level; S2: Horizontal lock-edge connection: two adjacent photovoltaic tiles are connected horizontally by lock-edge connection, and the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener of the two photovoltaic tiles are locked 360°. A fastening fastener is set between the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener to fix them on the roof or ridge; S3: Circuit connection: the photovoltaic tile circuit is connected through connecting wires and connectors, and the connection method is one of series connection and parallel connection or a combination thereof.

6. A method for connecting and fixing photovoltaic tiles according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fastening fastener includes: a fixed fastening fastener and a sliding fastening fastener, the bases of the fixed fastening fastener and the sliding fastening fastener are fixed on the roof or ridge, and the fastening parts of the fixed fastening fastener and the sliding fastening fastener are arranged in the connection gap between the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener, and are fastened with the first connecting fastener and the second connecting fastener.

7. A method for connecting and fixing photovoltaic tiles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first connecting fastener, the second connecting fastener and the fastening fastener are locked by a locking device, and a fixed fastening fastener and at least one sliding fastening fastener are provided at the bite connection between two adjacent photovoltaic tiles.

8. The method for connecting and fixing photovoltaic tiles according to claim 6, characterized in that: A water-blocking isolation layer is provided in the longitudinal overlap gap between the two photovoltaic tiles. The overlap length ranges from 50 to 300 mm, and purlins or support beams are also provided below the overlap.

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