Degassing device and electrolyte measurement system

Abstract

In order to enable efficient material measurement, the present invention is characterized in that it has: a first hollow filament (131), which allows a first treatment liquid to flow from a first inlet (121a) to a first outlet (121b) so that the gas in the treatment liquid can pass through the membrane; a second hollow filament (132), which allows a second treatment liquid to flow from a second inlet (122a) to a second outlet (122b) so that the gas in the treatment liquid can pass through the membrane; a container (110), which accommodates the first hollow filament (131) and the second hollow filament (132) therein; and a vacuum pump (201), which is connected to a space (S) inside the container (110), and inside the container (110), the first hollow filament (131) and the second hollow filament (132) are in contact with each other at a specified length.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technology of a degassing device and an electrolyte measuring system. Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, in physical and chemical analysis devices, especially blood analysis devices used for clinical examinations, in order to improve the dispensing accuracy of samples, reagents, etc., the dissolved gas in the liquid is generally separated (degassed) by a degasser, etc. This is because, for example, in a blood analysis device, when a rapid volume change occurs at a movable part such as a syringe or a solenoid valve, the dissolved gas in the solution is vaporized, and the dispensing accuracy is deteriorated.

[0003] Patent document 1 discloses an electrolyte analysis device: "having: a diluent supply unit, which supplies a diluent for diluting a sample to generate a sample solution to a dilution container; a standard solution supply unit, which supplies a standard solution to the dilution container; a measuring unit, which uses an ion-selective electrode to measure the electromotive force of each of the sample solution and the standard solution, thereby measuring the electrolyte concentration of the measured component contained in the sample solution, and the electrolyte analysis device is characterized in that it has: a heat exchange unit, which is used to cause heat exchange between the diluent supplied by the diluent supply unit and the standard solution supplied by the standard solution supply unit" (refer to claim 1).

[0004] Patent document 2 discloses a temperature adjustment device in an analytical device: "By bundling together and contacting one or more temperature-regulated tubes 1 through which a temperature-regulated substance flows and one or more temperature-regulating tubes 2 through which a temperature-regulated substance flows, the temperature-regulated substance is adjusted to a predetermined temperature while flowing through the temperature-regulated tubes" (see abstract).

[0005] Prior art literature

[0006] Patent Literature

[0007] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-62128

[0008] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2000-99162 Summary of the invention

[0009] Problems to be solved by the invention

[0010] The technology described in Patent Document 1 describes an electrolyte analysis device having a heat exchange unit between liquids, but does not describe degassing.

[0011] The technology described in Patent Document 2 describes that heat exchange and degassing are performed simultaneously, but does not describe degassing of a plurality of liquids.

[0012] The present invention has been made in view of the above background, and an object of the present invention is to perform efficient material measurement without increasing the size of the device by simultaneously performing degassing and heat exchange of a plurality of liquids.

[0013] Means for solving problems

[0014] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is characterized in that it comprises: a first hollow fiber, which allows a first treatment liquid to flow from a port on one end side to a port on the other end side so that the gas in the treatment liquid can pass through the membrane; a second hollow fiber, which allows a second treatment liquid to flow from a port on one end side to a port on the other end side so that the gas in the treatment liquid can pass through the membrane; a container, which accommodates the first hollow fiber and the second hollow fiber inside; and an exhaust mechanism, which is connected to the internal space of the container, and a first hollow fiber and a second hollow fiber are woven into a spiral shape with a specified length, so that the hollow fibers are connected to each other.

[0015] Other solutions are described in the embodiments as appropriate.

[0016] Effects of the Invention

[0017] According to the present invention, by simultaneously performing degassing and heat exchange of a plurality of liquids, efficient material measurement can be performed without increasing the size of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is an external view of the degassing system in the first embodiment.

[0019] Figure 2 This is an external view of the hollow fiber in the first embodiment.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber in the first embodiment.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a side view of the degassing device of the first embodiment.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a top view of the degassing device of the first embodiment.

[0023] Figure 6 is a side view of the degassing system.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing a method of installing the hollow fibers inside a degassing device.

[0025] Figure 8 It is a diagram showing a modified example of the degassing device.

[0026] Fig. 9It is a diagram showing a degassing device according to a second embodiment.

[0027] Fig.10 It is a figure which shows the hollow fiber in the third embodiment.

[0028] Fig.11 This is a partial cross-sectional view showing a portion of the degassing device according to the fourth embodiment.

[0029] Fig.12 It is a top view of the degassing device of the fourth embodiment.

[0030] Fig.13 It is a figure which shows the hollow fiber in a degassing device.

[0031] Fig.14 It is a diagram showing the appearance of a degassing system according to a fifth embodiment.

[0032] Fig.15 It is a diagram showing a configuration example of an electrolyte measurement system according to a sixth embodiment.

[0033] Fig.16 It is a diagram showing a configuration example of an electrolyte measurement system according to a seventh embodiment.

[0034] Fig.17 It is a diagram showing the hardware configuration of a processing device used in this embodiment.

[0035] Fig.18 This is a diagram showing the structure of a conventional electrolyte measurement system.

[0036] Fig.19 This is a flowchart showing the process of electrolyte measurement in a conventional electrolyte measurement system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Next, refer to the attached Figure 1 A mode for implementing the present invention (referred to as "embodiment") will be described in detail. In addition, in each drawing, the same structure is denoted by the same reference numeral, and the description is appropriately omitted.

[0038] [Previous Electrolyte Measurement System 1g]

[0039] First, refer to Fig.18 and Fig.19 , the conventional electrolyte measurement system 1g and electrolyte measurement method are described, and the problems thereof are recorded.

[0040] In the ion selective electrode method, the Nernst equation of formula (1) is used as a basic principle.

[0041] E=E0+(RT / nF)logC…(1)

[0042] Here, E is the potential of the ion selective electrode, E0 is the standard electrode potential, n is the valence of the ion involved in the reaction, F is the Faraday constant, R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, and C is the ion concentration of the object to be measured.

[0043] The measurement based on the ion selective electrode method is obtained by measuring the difference in potential between two electrodes as described below. If the potential of the electrode of the object to be measured is set to Es, and the potential of the reference electrode is set to ERef, then equations (2) and (3) are established. Therefore, the potential difference Ew between the electrode of the object to be measured and the reference electrode is given by equation (4).

[0044] Es=E0+(RT / nF)logCs…(2)

[0045] ERef=E0+(RT / nF)logCRef…(3)

[0046] Ew=Es-ERef

[0047] =(RT / nF)log(Cs / CRef)…(4)

[0048] Fig.18 1 is a diagram showing the structure of a conventional electrolyte measurement system 1g.

[0049] Reference Fig.18 , the measurements performed by the electrolyte measurement system 1g so far will be described.

[0050] The electrolyte measurement system 1g includes a pre-dispensing heating device 301, a degassing device 100g, a vacuum pump 201, a standard liquid container 311, a diluent container 321, and a comparative liquid container 331. In addition, the electrolyte measurement system 1g includes a standard liquid feeding device 312 and a standard liquid nozzle 313. In addition, the electrolyte measurement system 1g includes a diluent feeding device 322 and a diluent nozzle 323. In addition, the electrolyte measurement system 1g includes a heating device heat source 302, a suction nozzle 354, an ISE electrode 351, a comparative electrode 352, a differential voltage calculation device 355, and a processing device 400. In addition, the electrolyte measurement system 1g includes a sample dispensing device 342 for dispensing from a sample container 341, and a dilution tank 380. In addition, the electrolyte measurement system 1g includes a waste liquid suction nozzle 376, a vacuum waste liquid container 371, a waste liquid vacuum pump 372, and a post-potential measurement waste liquid container 362.

[0051] The pre-dispensing warming device 301 is kept constant at a desired temperature by the warming device heat source 302. The desired temperature is, for example, 37 degrees Celsius in electrolyte measurement for clinical examinations, and is actually 37±0.2 degrees Celsius.

[0052] The degassing device 100g uses a vacuum pump 201 as an exhaust mechanism to decompress the container of the degassing device 100g, and performs gas-liquid separation on the liquid passing through the hollow fiber provided inside the degassing device 100g. In addition, serum, urine, etc. as a specimen are held in the specimen container 341. In addition, in actual use, the standard liquid container 311, the diluent container 321, and the comparison liquid container 331 are stored at ambient temperature. Here, under normal circumstances, the ambient temperature is 18 to 32 degrees Celsius.

[0053] The standard liquid passes through the standard liquid feeding device 312, and is dispensed from the standard liquid nozzle 313 into the dilution tank 380 via the first standard liquid two-way solenoid valve 314a and the second standard liquid two-way solenoid valve 314b. At this time, the standard liquid is heated by the pre-dispensing heating device 301 provided between the standard liquid feeding device 312 and the dilution tank 380 to the same temperature as the constant temperature liquid (not shown) also flowing through the pre-dispensing heating device 301.

[0054] The serum and urine held in the specimen container 341 are dispensed into the dilution tank 380 by the specimen dispensing device 342. The diluent dilutes the serum and urine as the specimen. Furthermore, the diluent is fed to the diluent nozzle 323 via the degassing device 100g, the diluent feeding device 322, the first diluent two-way solenoid valve 324a, and the second diluent two-way solenoid valve 324b through the diluent feeding device 322. Furthermore, the diluent is dispensed into the dilution tank 380 through the dilution nozzle 323. At this time, the diluent is heated to the same temperature as the constant temperature liquid (not shown) also flowing in the pre-dispensing heating device 301 by the pre-dispensing heating device 301 provided between the dilution feeding device 322 and the dilution tank 380. That is, the standard solution and the diluent flow in the same pre-dispensing heating device 301, thereby reducing the liquid temperature difference between the diluent and the standard solution.

[0055] The comparative liquid flows directly into the comparative electrode 352 via the degassing device 100g. The timing of the inflow of the comparative liquid into the comparative electrode 352 is adjusted by the comparative liquid two-way electromagnetic valve 332. As for the comparative liquid, since the comparative liquid does not pass through the pre-dispensing warming device 301, the comparative liquid is slightly heated or cooled according to the ambient temperature of the flow path through which it passes.

[0056] Next, refer to Fig.18 and Fig.19 A general process of electrolyte measurement in the electrolyte measurement system 1g will be described.

[0057] Here, Fig.19 1 is a flowchart showing the process of electrolyte measurement in the conventional electrolyte measurement system 1g.

[0058] First, the processing device 400 operates the suction liquid feeding device 361 while the pinch valve 353 is closed and the two-way electromagnetic valve 332 for the comparison liquid, the two-way electromagnetic valve 363a for the first waste liquid, and the two-way electromagnetic valve 363b for the second waste liquid are opened. As a result, the comparison liquid fills the flow path inside the comparison electrode 352. That is, the comparison liquid is fed to the comparison electrode 352 (S101). When the comparison liquid fills the flow path inside the comparison electrode 352, the processing device 400 closes the two-way electromagnetic valve 332 for the comparison liquid and temporarily stops the suction liquid feeding device 361.

[0059] Simultaneously with step S101, the processing device 400 operates the standard solution feeding device 312. As a result, the standard solution is dispensed from the standard solution nozzle 313 into the dilution tank 380 (S102).

[0060] Next, the processing device 400 opens the pinch valve 353, the first waste liquid two-way solenoid valve 363a, and the second waste liquid two-way solenoid valve 363b, and operates the suction liquid feeding device 361. As a result, the standard liquid in the dilution tank 380 is sucked from the suction nozzle 354, and the sucked standard liquid fills the flow path inside the ISE electrode 351. That is, the standard liquid is fed to the ISE electrode 351 (S103). When the standard liquid fills the flow path inside the ISE electrode 351, the processing device 400 temporarily stops the suction liquid feeding device 361.

[0061] Next, the differential voltage calculation device 355 calculates the potential difference between the potential generated by the ISE electrode 351 and the potential generated by the comparison electrode 352 (S104). This becomes the potential difference of the standard solution. The potential difference of the standard solution is shown in formula (4) and depends on the concentration of the standard solution and the concentration of the comparison solution. However, the concentration of the standard solution is considered to be constant. The calculated potential difference of the standard solution is sent to the processing device 400. In addition, the differential voltage calculation device 355 has a built-in amplifier, which amplifies the calculated potential difference and transmits it to the processing device 400.

[0062] Next, the waste liquid is discharged (S105).

[0063] In step S105, the processing device 400 opens the pinch valve 353, the first waste liquid two-way solenoid valve 363a, and the second waste liquid two-way solenoid valve 363b, and closes the comparison liquid two-way solenoid valve 332. In addition, the processing device 400 operates the suction liquid feeding device 361. As a result, the comparison liquid in the comparison electrode 352 and the standard liquid in the ISE electrode 351 are discharged as waste liquid via the post-potential measurement waste liquid container 362.

[0064] In addition, the standard liquid remaining in the dilution tank 380 is discharged as waste liquid through the vacuum waste liquid container 371. In this case, the processing device 400 closes the two-way electromagnetic valve 375 for waste liquid and the two-way electromagnetic valve 373 for vacuum switching, and opens the two-way electromagnetic valve 374 for vacuum switching. In addition, the processing device 400 operates the vacuum pump 372 for waste liquid. As a result, the inside of the vacuum waste liquid container 371 is depressurized. After that, the processing device 400 remains in the state of closing the two-way electromagnetic valve 375 for waste liquid, closes the two-way electromagnetic valve 374 for vacuum switching, and opens the two-way electromagnetic valve 373 for vacuum switching. As a result, the liquid (standard liquid) remaining in the dilution tank 380 is sucked from the waste liquid suction nozzle 376 and flows into the vacuum waste liquid container 371. After that, the processing device 400 discharges the standard liquid by opening the two-way electromagnetic valve 375 for waste liquid.

[0065] Next, the processing device 400 opens the two-way electromagnetic valve 332 for comparison liquid, the two-way electromagnetic valve 363a for the first waste liquid, and the two-way electromagnetic valve 363b for the second waste liquid while the pinch valve 353 is closed. After that, the processing device 400 operates the suction liquid feeding device 361. As a result, the comparison liquid fills the flow path inside the comparison electrode 352. That is, the comparison liquid is fed to the comparison electrode 352 (S111). When the comparison liquid fills the flow path inside the comparison electrode 352, the processing device 400 closes the two-way electromagnetic valve 332 for comparison liquid and temporarily stops the suction liquid feeding device 361.

[0066] Simultaneously with the processing of step S111, the diluent feeding device 322 feeds the diluent to the diluent nozzle 323 via the first diluent two-way solenoid valve 324a and the second diluent two-way solenoid valve 324b. Thus, the diluent is dispensed from the diluent nozzle 323 into the dilution tank 380 (S112).

[0067] Simultaneously with the processing of step S111 and step S112, the sample dispensing device 342 dispenses a sample such as serum or urine from the sample container 341 into the dilution tank 380 (S113). Thus, electrolytes contained in the serum or urine as the sample are diluted by the simultaneously dispensed diluent.

[0068] Next, the processing device 400 opens the pinch valve 353, closes the comparative liquid two-way electromagnetic valve 332, and operates the suction liquid feeding device 361. As a result, the dilution liquid containing the specimen fills the flow path inside the ISE electrode 351. That is, the diluted specimen is fed to the ISE electrode 351 (S114).

[0069] Furthermore, the differential voltage calculation device 355 calculates the potential difference between the potential generated by the ISE electrode 351 and the potential generated by the comparison electrode 352 (S115). This becomes the potential difference of the diluent containing the specimen. As shown in formula (4), the potential difference depends on the concentration of the diluent containing the specimen and the concentration of the comparison solution. In addition, the diluent containing the specimen, that is, the specimen diluted by the diluent, is hereinafter referred to as the diluted specimen.

[0070] Next, the waste liquid is discharged (S116).

[0071] In step S116, the processing device 400 opens the pinch valve 353, the first waste liquid two-way solenoid valve 363a, and the second waste liquid two-way solenoid valve 363b, and closes the comparison liquid two-way solenoid valve 332. Then, the processing device 400 operates the suction liquid feeding device 361. As a result, the comparison liquid in the comparison electrode 352 and the diluted sample in the ISE electrode 351 are discharged as waste liquid via the post-potential measurement waste liquid container 362.

[0072] In addition, the diluted specimen remaining in the dilution tank 380 is discharged as waste liquid through the vacuum waste liquid container 371. In this case, the processing device 400 closes the two-way electromagnetic valve 375 for waste liquid and the two-way electromagnetic valve 373 for vacuum switching, and opens the two-way electromagnetic valve 374 for vacuum switching. In addition, the processing device 400 operates the vacuum pump 372 for waste liquid. As a result, the inside of the vacuum waste liquid container 371 is depressurized. Thereafter, the processing device 400 closes the two-way electromagnetic valve 374 for vacuum switching and opens the two-way electromagnetic valve 373 for vacuum switching while keeping the two-way electromagnetic valve 375 for waste liquid closed. As a result, the liquid (including the dilution liquid of the specimen) remaining in the dilution tank 380 flows into the vacuum waste liquid container 371. Thereafter, the processing device 400 discharges the diluted specimen by opening the two-way electromagnetic valve 375 for waste liquid.

[0073] Thereafter, the processing device 400 performs analysis of electrolytes contained in the sample based on the two measured potential differences ( S121 ).

[0074] The following describes the problems of the conventional electrolyte measuring system 1g.

[0075] First, for convenience, the standard solution and the diluent are not heated by the pre-dispensing heating device 301, and their temperatures are all constant in the environment. That is, the standard solution and the diluent are kept constant by heating to the ambient temperature. In addition, with respect to the comparison liquid, it is also assumed that the peripheral temperature of the flow path through which the comparison liquid passes is the same as the ambient temperature. That is, the temperatures of the standard solution, the diluent, and the comparison liquid are the same. In addition, a specimen is added to the diluent, but the amount of the specimen is extremely small relative to the amount of the diluent, so the temperature change of the diluent caused by the addition of the specimen can be ignored.

[0076] Here, C1 is set as the concentration of the standard solution, C2 is set as the concentration of the diluted sample, and Es1 is set as the potential generated by the ISE electrode 351 when measuring the standard solution. In addition, Es2 is set as the potential generated by the ISE electrode 351 when measuring the diluted sample, and Ew1 is set as the potential difference between the potential generated by the ISE electrode 351 and the potential generated by the comparison electrode 352 when measuring the standard solution. In addition, Ew2 is set as the potential difference between the potential generated by the ISE electrode 351 and the potential generated by the comparison electrode 352 when measuring the diluted sample, and Ew0 is set as the difference between Ew1 and Ew2. At this time, the following formulas (5), (6), and (7) are established.

[0077] Es1=E0+(RT / nF)logC1…(5)

[0078] Es2=E0+(RT / nF)logC2…(6)

[0079] Ew1=Es1-ERef

[0080] =(RT / nF)log(C1 / CRef)…(7)

[0081] In addition, the following formula (8) holds, and formula (9) is derived. In formula (9), C1 is constant, so Ew1 is constant. That is, Ew0 depends only on C2.

[0082] Ew2=Es2-ERef

[0083] =(RT / nF)log(C2 / CRef)…(8)

[0084] Ew0=Ew1-Ew2

[0085] =(RT / nF)log(C1 / C2)…(9)

[0086] The above results are based on the assumption that the ambient temperature is constant. Fig.18 As shown, the diluent and the standard solution are heated by the pre-dispensing heating device 301, and the comparative solution is affected by the ambient temperature of the flow path through which the comparative solution passes. This influence is examined by the following calculation. In addition, Es1 and Es2 correspond to the potential Es of the measured object, and ERef corresponds to the potential ERef of the reference electrode.

[0087] T1 represents the temperature difference between the dilution liquid and the standard liquid before and after heating by the pre-dispensing heating device 301, and T2 represents the temperature difference of the comparative liquid caused by the peripheral temperature of the flow path through which the comparative liquid passes. In addition, Tk is set to the ambient temperature, Ts is set to the temperature of the liquid flowing into the ISE electrode 351, and TRef is set to the temperature of the liquid flowing into the comparative electrode 352. Thus, the following formulas (10) and (11) are established.

[0088] Ts=Tk+T1…(10)

[0089] TRef=Tk+T2…(11)

[0090] Therefore, the potential of the ISE electrode 351 is set to Esk when the ambient temperature influence is taken into account, and the potential of the comparison electrode 352 is set to ERefk. Then, according to formula (2) and formula (3), the following formula (12) and formula (13) are established. The potential difference Ewk generated at this time is expressed by formula (14).

[0091] Esk=E0+[{R(Tk+T1)} / (nF)]logCs…(12)

[0092] ERefk=E0+[{R(Tk+T2)} / (nF)]logCRef…(13)

[0093] Ewk=Esk-ERefk

[0094] =(RTk / nF)log(Cs / CRef)+(RT1 / nF)logCs-(RT2 / nF)logCRef…(14)

[0095] Comparing formula (14) with formula (7), it can be seen that formula (14) contains error terms shown in the second and third terms on the right side of formula (14). This error term causes measurement errors and causes a decrease in accuracy and precision in electrolyte measurement.

[0096] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 17 A method for solving the above-mentioned problems will be described.

[0097] [First embodiment]

[0098] Figure 1 It is an external view of the degassing system 200 in the first embodiment. Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the appearance of the hollow fiber 130 in the first embodiment. Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber 130 in the first embodiment is shown. Figure 4 is a side view of the degassing device 100 according to the first embodiment, Figure 51 is a top view of the degassing device 100 according to the first embodiment. Figure 6 is a side view of the degassing system 200. In addition, Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An enlarged view of reference numeral 150 in FIG.

[0099] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 1 , the degassing system 200 includes a degassing device 100 and a vacuum pump 201. In addition, the container 110 in the degassing device 100 includes an outer cylinder portion 111 having a bottomed cylindrical shape and a cover portion 112 constituting an upper surface, and has a space S inside. Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the cover 112 has a first introduction port 121 a , a first outlet port 121 b , a second introduction port 122 a , a second outlet port 122 b , and a vacuum pump connection port 125 .

[0100] like Figure 1 As shown, the degassing device 100 has a plurality of hollow fibers 130 (in Figure 1 to Figure 3 In the example, there are two hollow fibers, namely the first hollow fiber 131 and the second hollow fiber 132).

[0101] like Figure 1 As shown, one end of the first hollow filament 131 among these hollow filaments 130 is connected to the first inlet 121a, and the other end is connected to the first outlet 121b. In addition, one end of the second hollow filament 132 is connected to the second inlet 122a, and the other end is connected to the second outlet 122b. A liquid flowing from the first inlet 121a to the first outlet 121b flows in the first hollow filament 131. Similarly, another liquid flowing from the second inlet 122a to the second outlet 122b flows in the second hollow filament 132.

[0102] The first hollow fiber 131 and the second hollow fiber 132 are respectively made of a material that is permeable to gas but not to liquid, such as tetrafluoroethylene resin. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 are in contact with each other by being woven into a spiral shape. In this way, by weaving the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 into a spiral shape, heat exchange can be performed between the liquid flowing through the first hollow filament 131 and the liquid flowing through the second hollow filament 132. In addition, as long as the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 are in contact with each other, they do not need to be woven into a spiral shape, but woven into a spiral shape can perform efficient heat exchange.

[0103] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, a vacuum pump connecting pipe 202 connected to a vacuum pump 201 at the other end is connected to the vacuum pump connecting port 125. With such a structure, the vacuum pump 201 is used to depressurize the interior of the degassing device 100. The vacuum pump 201 is used to depressurize the interior of the degassing device 100 to about 0 to 15 KPa (preferably 8 KPa).

[0104] In this way, the interior of the degassing device 100 is depressurized by the vacuum pump 201, whereby the gas (dissolved gas) dissolved in the liquid flowing through the first hollow fibers 131 and the second hollow fibers 132 passes through the hollow fiber walls and diffuses into the interior of the degassing device 100. Thus, the liquid flowing through the first hollow fibers 131 and the second hollow fibers 132 can be degassed.

[0105] That is, according to Figure 1 to Figure 6 The degassing device 100 shown can simultaneously perform degassing of a plurality of liquids flowing inside the first hollow fibers 131 and the second hollow fibers 132 and thermal balance by heat exchange without increasing the size of the degassing device 100 .

[0106] According to the function of the degassing device 100 as described above, the length of the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 in the degassing device 100 is longer than the length at which the gas in the liquid flowing through the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 can be degassed. In addition, the length of the portion where the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 contact each other is longer than the length at which the heat exchange between the liquids flowing through the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 is sufficiently performed and reaches a thermal equilibrium state. Preferably, the length of the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 is at least 0.5 m.

[0107] When the vacuum pump 201 is driven, the interior of the degassing device 100 is depressurized, so the outer cylinder 111 may be greatly deformed. At this time, due to the time-dependent deformation of the outer cylinder 111, creep failure may occur in the outer cylinder 111. Therefore, if the molding material of the outer cylinder 111 uses a material with a tensile elastic modulus of 10 to 30 [GPa], it is possible to prevent the time-dependent deformation.

[0108] In addition, if Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the surface of each of the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 is pleated (concave and convex). By having such a structure, the surface area of ​​each of the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 becomes larger, and the amount of gas passing through becomes more. That is, efficient degassing can be performed. In addition, the surface of each of the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 is pleated, thereby increasing the area in which the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 are in contact with each other. As a result, the heat exchange between the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 can be carried out efficiently.

[0109] In addition, Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the example shown, the surfaces of the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 are pleated, and thus, the surfaces of the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 are provided with concavoconvex. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the surfaces of the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 may be provided with concavoconvex by providing a structure on a protrusion on the surfaces of the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132.

[0110] In addition, Figure 1 , Figures 4 to 6 In the figure shown, the vacuum pump connection port 125 is arranged in the center, but it may not be limited to the center. In addition, the arrangement of the first inlet 121a, the first outlet 121b, the second inlet 122a and the second outlet 122b may not be Figure 1 and Figure 5 That is, the configuration of the first inlet 121a, the first outlet 121b, the second inlet 122a, and the second outlet 122b may not be as shown. Figure 1 and Figure 5 Arranged symmetrically as shown.

[0111] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing a method of installing the hollow fibers 130 inside the degassing device 100 .

[0112] like Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of hollow fibers 130 (in Figure 7 The hollow filaments 130 (in the example, 2 filaments) are multiple-bent and then contained in the bag 140. Furthermore, the bag 140 containing the hollow filaments 130 is also contained in the outer cylinder 111. Although it also depends on the material and thickness of the hollow filaments 130, if the bundle is bundled in such a way that the width of the bent portion (reference numeral 142) is about 3 cm, the degassing performance will not be impaired in the middle of the liquid delivery. That is, the flow path resistance can be sufficiently reduced. Figure 7As shown, the hollow fibers 130 may be bundled using a rope 141, or the hollow fibers 130 may be directly stored in a bent state in the bag 140. In addition, the bag 140 for storing the hollow fibers 130 is preferably a bag with a mesh added so as not to impair the degassing function.

[0113] (Variation Example)

[0114] Figure 8 It is a diagram showing a modified example of the degassing device 100 .

[0115] exist Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 In the example shown, the outer cylinder 111a is formed by injection molding or blow molding, and the outer cylinder 111a is formed into a shape in which the outer cylinder 111a and the bottom are integrated, that is, a bottomed cylinder. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the outer cylinder 111a may be formed into a straight tube such as a hard polyvinyl chloride tube, and the bottom 113 may be formed into an independent component. Figure 8 The bottom cover independent type degassing device 100a shown in the figure. In order to maintain the airtightness of the vacuum, the outer cylinder 111, the cover 112, and the bottom 113 are formed into one piece by ultrasonic welding, but they can also be formed into an embedded one.

[0116] [Second Embodiment]

[0117] Fig. 9 It is a diagram showing a degassing device 100b according to a second embodiment.

[0118] Fig. 9 The degassing device 100b shown is Figure 8 Similarly, the bottom 113 is set as an independent component, the first inlet 121a and the second inlet 122a are arranged on the cover 112, and the first outlet 121b and the second outlet 122b are arranged on the bottom 113. That is, the first inlet 121a and the second inlet 122a are arranged on different surfaces from the first outlet 121b and the second outlet 122b. Fig. 9 In the example shown, the bottom 113 is provided as an independent component, but Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 Even when the bottom 113 and the outer tube 111 are integrated, that is, when the outer tube 111 is a bottomed cylindrical shape, the first outlet 121b and the second outlet 122b can be arranged at the bottom. In addition, the first inlet 121a and the first outlet 121b can be arranged at the cover 112, and the second inlet 122a and the second outlet 122b can be arranged at the bottom. That is, the first inlet 121a, the first outlet 121b, the second inlet 122a, and the second outlet 122b can be arranged at any surface of the degassing device 100. In this way, it is possible to improve the Fig.15 The degree of freedom in the arrangement of the flow path in the electrolyte measurement system 1 described later is discussed in the following.

[0119] [Third Embodiment]

[0120] Fig.10 It is a figure which shows the hollow fiber 130c in 3rd Embodiment.

[0121] Fig.10 The example shown uses hollow fibers 130c of different thicknesses. That is, the first hollow fibers 131c, which are thick hollow fibers 130c, are connected to the second hollow fibers 132, which are thin hollow fibers 130c, in a spiral shape. By setting such a structure, even if the liquid flow rate and specific heat of the liquid flowing through the first hollow fibers 131c and the liquid flowing through the second hollow fibers 132 are different, they can be set to the same temperature.

[0122] In addition, Fig.10 In the example shown, the lengths of the first hollow fibers 131c and the second hollow fibers 132 may be different. Thus, even when the liquid flow rate and specific heat of the liquid flowing through the first hollow fibers 131c and the liquid flowing through the second hollow fibers 132 are different, the temperatures of these liquids can be made the same. Fig.10 In the example shown, the first hollow filament 131c and the second hollow filament 132 have different thicknesses, but the first hollow filament 131 and the second hollow filament 132 of the same thickness may have different lengths. Thus, even when the liquid flow rate and specific heat of the liquid flowing through the first hollow filament 131 and the liquid flowing through the second hollow filament 132 are different, the temperatures of these liquids can be made the same. In addition, degassing of multiple liquids can be performed without enlarging the degassing device 100.

[0123] [Fourth Embodiment]

[0124] Fig.11 This is a partial cross-sectional view showing a portion of a degassing device 100d according to the fourth embodiment. Fig.12 It is a top view of the degassing device 100d of the fourth embodiment. Fig.13 1 is a diagram showing a hollow fiber 130d in a degassing device 100d. Fig.13 Yes Fig.11 FIG. 150 is an enlarged view of the reference numeral 150a.

[0125] exist Figure 11 to Figure 13 FIG. 1 shows a degassing device 100d for three liquids to flow through. Fig.11 and Fig.12As shown, the cover 112 of the degassing device 100 has a first inlet 121a, a first outlet 121b, a second inlet 122a, a second outlet 122b, a third inlet 123a, and a third outlet 123b. Fig.11 In the figure, the first outlet 121b is not shown.

[0126] Furthermore, the degassing device 100d contains Fig.13 As shown in the figure, there are three hollow filaments 130d (first hollow filament 131, second hollow filament 132, third hollow filament 133). Different liquids flow through the first hollow filament 131, the second hollow filament 132, and the third hollow filament 133, respectively. In addition, one end of the first hollow filament 131 is connected to the first inlet 121a, and the other end is connected to the first outlet 121b. Similarly, one end of the second hollow filament 132 is connected to the second inlet 122a, and the other end is connected to the second outlet 122b. In addition, one end of the third hollow filament 133 is connected to the third inlet 123a, and the other end is connected to the third outlet 123b.

[0127] Furthermore, the first hollow filament 131, the second hollow filament 132, and the third hollow filament 133 are connected to each other by being woven into a spiral shape. In addition, even if the first hollow filament 131, the second hollow filament 132, and the third hollow filament 133 are not woven into a spiral shape, they only need to be connected, but by weaving them into a spiral shape, efficient heat exchange can be performed. Thus, the temperatures of the three different liquids flowing through the first hollow filament 131, the second hollow filament 132, and the third hollow filament 133 can be effectively made the same.

[0128] In addition, the cover 112 has a vacuum pump connection port 125 connected to the vacuum pump connection pipe 202. The vacuum pump 201 is connected to the vacuum pump connection port 125 via the vacuum pump connection pipe 202, and the vacuum pump 201 is operated to decompress the interior of the degassing device 100d by the vacuum pump 201. Thus, the liquids flowing through the first hollow filament 131, the second hollow filament 132, and the third hollow filament 133 can be degassed.

[0129] Thus, degassing and heat exchange of a plurality of liquids can be performed simultaneously without increasing the size of the degassing device 100d.

[0130] [Fifth Embodiment]

[0131] Fig.14 It is a diagram showing the appearance of a degassing system 200e according to the fifth embodiment.

[0132] In the degassing system 200e, a heater 160 as a temperature control mechanism is provided around the degassing device 100e. Figure 1The structure shown in the above is the same as that shown in the above, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted. By providing such a heater 160, the temperature of the liquid flowing through each of the hollow fibers 130 disposed inside the degassing device 100 can be adjusted to a desired temperature. Thus, degassing and heat exchange of a plurality of liquids can be performed simultaneously without enlarging the degassing device 100, that is, without enlarging the degassing system 200e, and the liquid temperature can also be adjusted to a predetermined temperature.

[0133] [Sixth Embodiment]

[0134] Fig.15 It is a diagram showing a configuration example of an electrolyte measuring system 1 according to a sixth embodiment. Fig.15 The electrolyte measurement system 1 shown uses the degassing device 100 shown in this embodiment.

[0135] exist Fig.15 In the Fig.18 The same structures are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

[0136] Fig.15 The electrolyte measurement system 1 shown is Fig.18 The electrolyte measuring system 1g shown is different in the following points.

[0137] 1. The pre-dispensing heating device 301 and the heating device heat source 302 are omitted.

[0138] 2. In addition to the comparative solution and the diluent, the standard solution is also circulated in the degassing device 100c. That is, the standard solution flow path 315 for the standard solution to flow, the diluent flow path 325 for the diluent to flow, and the comparative solution flow path 335 for the comparative solution to flow are connected to the degassing device 100c. Here, the standard solution flow path 315 is a flow path for sending the standard solution from the standard solution container 311 to the standard solution nozzle 313, that is, the dilution tank 380. In addition, the diluent flow path 325 is a flow path for sending the diluent from the diluent container 321 to the diluent nozzle 323, that is, the dilution tank 380. And the comparative solution flow path 335 is a flow path for sending the comparative solution from the comparative solution container 331 to the comparative electrode 352.

[0139] In addition, 3 liquids are circulated, so use Figure 11 to Figure 13 Degassing device 100c is shown.

[0140] Other structures and Fig.18 The electrolyte measurement system 1g is shown.

[0141] Furthermore, in the electrolyte measurement in the electrolyte measurement system 1, the comparison liquid and the diluent must be degassed. In addition, the standard liquid and the diluent must be at the same temperature, and the temperature of the comparison liquid must be constant. In addition, a specimen is mixed in the diluent, but the specimen is extremely small relative to the diluent, so the temperature of the diluent can be regarded as constant. That is, degassing of the standard liquid is not necessary, and setting the comparison liquid to the same temperature as the standard liquid and the diluent is not necessary. However, there is no problem even if the standard liquid is degassed, and there is no problem even if the comparison liquid is set to the same temperature as the standard liquid and the diluent. Therefore, there is no problem in circulating the comparison liquid, the standard liquid, and the diluent in the degassing device 100c. Furthermore, by circulating the comparison liquid, the standard liquid, and the diluent in the degassing device 100c, the pre-dispensing heating device 301 and the heating device heat source 302 can be omitted. By simultaneously performing degassing and heat exchange of multiple liquids without enlarging the degassing device 100c, that is, without enlarging the electrolyte measurement system 1, it is possible to achieve Fig.15 The electrolyte measurement system 1 shown is space-saving.

[0142] [Seventh Embodiment]

[0143] Fig.16 It is a diagram showing a configuration example of an electrolyte measuring system 1f according to the seventh embodiment.

[0144] exist Fig.16 In the electrolyte measurement system 1f shown in FIG. 1 , the standard solution and the diluent are set to be the same reagent. Fig.16 The reagents that make the standard solution and the diluent the same are called standard and diluent. For example, a buffer solution such as triethanolamine is used as the main component, and the standard solution is set to contain 4.0 to 5.0 mmol / L of sodium ions, 0.1 to 0.2 mmol / L of potassium ions, and 3.0 to 4.0 mmol / L of chloride ions. Therefore, even if the standard solution and the diluent are set to the same components, the potential difference can be measured.

[0145] exist Fig.16In the electrolyte measurement system 1f shown, a standard and diluent container 391 is provided to replace the standard liquid container 311 and the diluent container 321. In addition, in the electrolyte measurement system 1f, a standard and diluent liquid feeding device 392 is provided to replace the standard liquid feeding device 312 and the diluent liquid feeding device 322. In addition, in the electrolyte measurement system 1f, a standard and diluent nozzle 393 is provided to replace the standard liquid nozzle 313 and the diluent nozzle 323. In addition, in the electrolyte measurement system 1f, a first standard and diluent two-way solenoid valve 394a is provided to replace the first standard liquid two-way solenoid valve 314a and the first diluent two-way solenoid valve 324a. In addition, in the electrolyte measurement system 1f, a second standard and diluent two-way solenoid valve 394b is provided to replace the second standard liquid two-way solenoid valve 314b and the second diluent two-way solenoid valve 324b.

[0146] Furthermore, the degassing device 100 is connected to a standard and diluent flow path 395 through which the standard and diluent flow and a comparative liquid flow path 335 through which the comparative liquid flows. Here, the standard and diluent flow path 395 is a flow path for delivering the standard and diluent from the standard and diluent container 391 to the standard and diluent nozzle 393, i.e., the dilution tank 380.

[0147] And, in Fig.16 In the electrolyte measurement system 1f shown in the figure, the liquids flowing in the degassing device 100 are two liquids, namely, the standard liquid, the diluent liquid and the comparative liquid. Figures 1 to 10 Degassing devices 100, 100a, 100b are shown.

[0148] Other structures and Fig.15 The electrolyte measuring system 1 shown is the same, and therefore, description thereof is omitted.

[0149] With this structure, only two reagents are required for electrolyte measurement. Fig.15 Compared with the electrolyte measuring system 1 shown in the figure, the electrolyte measuring system 1f can achieve space saving.

[0150] [Processing device 400]

[0151] Fig.17 4 is a diagram showing the hardware configuration of the processing device 400 used in this embodiment.

[0152] The processing device 400 is composed of a PC (Personal computer) or the like. The processing device 400 has a memory 401, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 402, and a storage device 403 such as an HD (Hard Disk). The processing device 400 has an input device 404 such as a keyboard and a mouse, a display device 405 such as a display, and a communication device 406 such as a NIC (Network Interface Card).

[0153] Then, the program stored in the storage device 403 is loaded into the memory 401 and executed by the CPU 402. Thus, a function for controlling each unit of the electrolyte measurement system 1 and a function for analyzing a potential difference obtained by the electrolyte measurement system 1 are realized.

[0154] By using the degassing device 100 shown in this embodiment, degassing and heat exchange can be performed simultaneously, and high-precision electrolyte measurement can be performed.

[0155] The degassing device 100 of this embodiment has hollow fibers 130 connected to each other inside. With such a structure, the liquid in the connected hollow fibers 130 can efficiently exchange heat, and the liquid flowing in each hollow fiber 130 can be made to have the same temperature. In addition, due to the spiral shape, the outer half of the hollow fiber 130 is connected to the vacuum pressure in the degassing device 100, so that the gas-liquid separation of the solution can be effectively performed.

[0156] The effect of making the liquid flowing through each hollow filament 130 the same temperature is demonstrated by a mathematical formula. The uniform temperature of the degassing device 100 (100c) of this embodiment is set to Th. That is, formula (10) and formula (11) become formula (15) and formula (16). The potential difference Ewkh generated at this time becomes formula (17) according to formula (14).

[0157] Th=Tk+T1…(15)

[0158] Th=Tk+T2…(16)

[0159] Ewkh=(RTh / nF)logCs-(RTh / nF)logCRef

[0160] =(RTh / nF)log(Cs / CRef)…(17)

[0161] In addition, in formula (15) and formula (16), T1 = T2.

[0162] Here, when comparing equation (17) with equation (14), the error term in equation (14) is eliminated in equation (17). Therefore, it is proved that the potential difference does not fluctuate due to the error term.

[0163] At this time, as in formula (5), formula (6), formula (7), formula (8), formula (9), and formula (13), Es1h is set to the potential generated by the ISE electrode 351 when measuring the standard solution, and Es2h is set to the potential generated by the ISE electrode 351 when measuring the diluted sample. Similarly, ERefh is set to the potential generated by the comparison electrode 352, and Ew1h is set to the potential difference between the potential generated by the ISE electrode 351 when measuring the standard solution and the potential generated by the comparison electrode 352. Furthermore, Ew2h is set to the potential difference between the potential generated by the ISE electrode 351 when measuring the diluted sample and the potential generated by the comparison electrode 352, and Ew0h is set to the difference between Ew1h and Ew2h. Thus, ERefh cancels out. That is, when using formula (17) to calculate the formula equivalent to formulas (5) to (9), the following formulas (18-1) to (18-6) are established.

[0164] Es1h=E0+(RTh / nF)logC1…(18-1)

[0165] Es2h=E0+(RTh / nF)logC2…(18-2)

[0166] ERefh=E0+(RTh / nF)logCRef…(18-3)

[0167] Ew1h=Es1h-ERefh…(18-4)

[0168] Ew2h=Es2h-ERefh…(18-5)

[0169] Ew0h=Ew1h-Ew2h

[0170] =(RTh / nF)log(C1 / C2)…(18-6)

[0171] According to the present embodiment, by using the formula (18-6) using Th as a uniform temperature, the variation of the potential difference due to the error term can be eliminated, thereby achieving high-precision electrolyte analysis.

[0172] In addition, in the present embodiment, the electrolyte measurement of blood is described, but it is not limited to this field. For example, the degassing device 100 of the present embodiment can also be applied to a chemiluminescent immunoassay device. In a chemiluminescent immunoassay device, measurement is performed by causing the immune reaction amount to chemiluminesce. At this time, a pre-trigger with hydrogen peroxide as the main component is added to the mixed solution of the specimen and the reagent, and then a trigger with sodium hydroxide as the main component is added. At this time, by minimizing the temperature difference between the pre-trigger solution and the trigger solution and degassing the solutions of both, high-precision analysis and measurement can be performed. Therefore, by circulating the pre-trigger container and the trigger container in the degassing device 100 of the present embodiment, chemiluminescent immunoassay analysis and measurement can be performed.

[0173] In addition, in the electrochemiluminescent immune item measuring device, the temperature difference of the two different solutions is minimized, and the two solutions are degassed, thereby, high-precision analysis and measurement can also be performed. Therefore, in the electrochemiluminescent immune item measuring device, by circulating the two different solutions in the degassing device 100 in this embodiment, high-precision analysis and measurement can be performed.

[0174] In this embodiment, each unit in the electrolyte measurement system 1 or 1f is controlled and the electrolyte is analyzed by the processing device 400. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and each unit in the electrolyte measurement system 1 or 1f may be controlled and the electrolyte may be analyzed by a different device.

[0175] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and includes various modifications. For example, the embodiments described above are described in detail to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and are not limited to having all the structures described. In addition, a part of the structure of a certain embodiment can be replaced with the structure of other embodiments, and the structure of other embodiments can be added to the structure of a certain embodiment. In addition, for a part of the structure of each embodiment, other structures can be added, deleted, or replaced.

[0176] In addition, the various structures, functions, storage device 403, etc. in the processing device 400 may also be implemented by hardware by designing part or all of them using, for example, integrated circuits. Fig.17As shown, the above-mentioned structures, functions, etc. can also be realized by software by interpreting and executing programs for realizing each function by a processor such as CPU 402. In addition to being stored in HD, information such as programs, tables, files, etc. for realizing each function can also be stored in a recording device such as memory 401, SSD (Solid State Drive), or a recording medium such as IC (Integrated Circuit) card, SD (Secure Digital) card, DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), etc.

[0177] In addition, in each embodiment, the control lines and information lines are shown as those considered necessary for explanation, and not all the control lines and information lines on the product are necessarily shown. In fact, it can be considered that almost all the structures are connected to each other.

[0178] Description of Reference Numerals

[0179] 1. 1f Electrolyte measurement system

[0180] 100, 100a, 100b, 100d, 100e Degassing device

[0181] 121a First introduction port (port on one end side)

[0182] 121b First outlet (outlet on the other end side)

[0183] 122a Second introduction port (port on one end side)

[0184] 122b Second outlet (outlet on the other end side)

[0185] 130, 130c, 130d hollow fiber

[0186] 131 First Hollow Fiber

[0187] 132 Second hollow fiber

[0188] 133 Third hollow fiber

[0189] 200 Degassing System

[0190] 201 Vacuum pump (exhaust mechanism)

[0191] 110 Container

[0192] 111, 111a outer cylinder part

[0193] 112 Lid (container)

[0194] 113 bottom (container)

[0195] 160 Heater (temperature control mechanism)

[0196] 311 Standard Liquid Container

[0197] 315 Standard solution flow path (first flow path)

[0198] 321 Dilution container

[0199] 325 diluent flow path (third flow path)

[0200] 331 Comparative liquid container

[0201] 335 Comparative liquid flow path (fourth flow path)

[0202] 341 Specimen container (sample container)

[0203] 351 ISE Electrode

[0204] 352 Comparison Electrode

[0205] 355 Differential Voltage Calculation Device

[0206] 380 Dilution tank

[0207] 391 Standard and diluent containers

[0208] 395 Standard and diluent flow path (second flow path)

[0209] S Space

Claims

1. An electrolyte measurement system with a degassing device, characterized in that: The degassing device comprises: A first hollow fiber that allows a first treatment liquid to flow from a port on one end side to a port on the other end side so that a gas in the treatment liquid can permeate through a membrane; A second hollow fiber that allows a second treatment liquid to flow from a port on one end side to a port on the other end side so that a gas in the treatment liquid can permeate through the membrane; a container that accommodates the first hollow filament and the second hollow filament therein; an exhaust mechanism connected to the interior space of the container, One of the first hollow fibers and one of the second hollow fibers are woven into a spiral shape over a predetermined length, so that the hollow fibers are connected to each other. The electrolyte measurement system has: a sample container, which holds the specimen; a standard and diluent container for holding a standard and diluent having the function of diluting the sample; a comparative fluid container which holds the comparative fluid; a dilution tank for diluting the sample injected from the sample container using the standard and diluent; a comparison electrode for measuring the potential of the comparison liquid; An ISE electrode that measures the potential of the standard and diluent and the potential of the standard and diluent diluted with the specimen; a differential voltage measuring device for calculating a differential potential which is a difference between a potential measured by the ISE electrode and a potential measured by the comparison electrode; an analysis device for analyzing an electrolyte contained in the sample based on the differential potential calculated by the differential voltage measurement device; a first flow path for delivering the comparative solution from the comparative solution container to the comparative electrode; a second flow path, which delivers the standard and diluent to the dilution tank; The degassing device includes the two hollow fibers connected to the first flow path and the second flow path therein.

2. The electrolyte measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In addition to the first hollow filament and the second hollow filament, other hollow filaments are accommodated in the container, and one of the other hollow filaments, one of the first hollow filaments, and one of the second hollow filaments are mutually woven into a spiral shape.

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