A hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification and a carbon removal method for coal gasification

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of coal gasification, in particular to a hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification. The hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification comprises a coal gasification device, which is provided with a steam inlet and a coal inlet at the bottom and a syngas outlet at the top; a hydrogen-rich reactor, which is provided with a syngas inlet and a first solid-phase discharge port at the bottom, the syngas inlet is communicated with the syngas outlet, and the hydrogen-rich reactor is further provided with a first gas-phase discharge port and a first solid-phase feeding port; a thermal decomposition reactor, which is provided with a second solid-phase discharge port at the bottom, the second solid-phase discharge port is communicated with the first solid-phase feeding port, and the thermal decomposition reactor is further provided with a second solid-phase feeding port and a second gas-phase discharge port, the second solid-phase feeding port is communicated with the first solid-phase discharge port; and a solar heat source, which is suitable for providing heat for the thermal decomposition reactor. The hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification has good decarburization effect, high hydrogen-rich yield, and greatly reduced decarburization energy consumption.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of coal gasification, in particular to a hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification and a carbon removal method for coal gasification. BACKGROUND

[0002] China's installed capacity of thermal power reaches 1.14 billion kilowatts, and the current energy structure in China is still dominated by coal, accounting for 58% of energy consumption. Compared with traditional coal-fired power generation technology, the overall coal gasification technology has higher performance and is conducive to further reducing carbon emissions.

[0003] Coal gasification refers to the process of converting solid fuels such as coal or coke, semi-coke, etc. into gaseous products and a small amount of residue under high-temperature normal or pressurized conditions with a gasifying agent. The gasifying agent is mainly steam, air or their mixture, and the gaseous products have different compositions depending on the quality of the raw coal, the type of the gasifying agent and the gasification process, and can be divided into air coal gas, semi-water coal gas, water coal gas, etc.

[0004] In coal gasification using steam as the gasifying agent, the obtained gas is water gas, which mainly contains CO and H2. After a water gas shift reaction, CO becomes CO2. At this time, the removal of CO2 has a synergistic effect on improving the purity of H2. The existing PSA purification of H2 has poor decarburization effect, and it is difficult to achieve high hydrogen enrichment effect. Moreover, the adsorbent relies on traditional fossil energy regeneration, so it also causes large energy consumption. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the defects of poor decarburization effect and large energy consumption in the prior art, so as to provide a hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification and a carbon removal method for coal gasification.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification, comprising:

[0007] a coal gasification device, the bottom of which is provided with a steam inlet and a coal inlet, and the top of which is provided with a syngas outlet;

[0008] a hydrogen-rich reactor, the bottom of which is provided with a syngas inlet and a first solid phase outlet, the syngas inlet being in communication with the syngas outlet, and the hydrogen-rich reactor being further provided with a first gas phase outlet and a first solid phase inlet;

[0009] a thermal decomposition reactor, the bottom of which is provided with a second solid phase outlet, the second solid phase outlet being in communication with the first solid phase inlet, and the thermal decomposition reactor being further provided with a second solid phase inlet and a second gas phase outlet, the second solid phase inlet being in communication with the first solid phase outlet;

[0010] The solar heat source is suitable for providing heat for the thermal decomposition reactor.

[0011] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0012] The material regeneration tank is provided with a third solid phase feeding port and a third solid phase discharging port, the third solid phase feeding port is communicated with the first solid phase discharging port, and the third solid phase discharging port is communicated with the second solid phase feeding port.

[0013] Optionally, the solar heat source is arranged on the material regeneration tank and is suitable for absorbing and storing solar energy and providing heat for the thermal decomposition reactor.

[0014] Optionally, the first gas phase discharging port is suitable for connecting a gas turbine combined waste heat boiler for power generation, and the second gas phase discharging port is suitable for connecting a CO2 turbine combined waste heat boiler for power generation.

[0015] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0016] The water tank is connected with the gas turbine and / or the CO2 turbine and is suitable for receiving waste heat, and an outlet of the water tank is communicated with the steam inlet.

[0017] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0018] The oxide tank is communicated with the second solid phase discharging port, a bottom of the oxide tank is provided with a material outlet, and the material outlet is communicated with the first solid phase feeding port.

[0019] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0020] The gas tank is communicated with the oxide tank and the second gas phase discharging port through on-off valves, and the oxide tank is provided with a third gas phase discharging port.

[0021] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0022] The coal purification device is provided with an input port suitable for connecting a coal source and an output port communicated with the coal inlet.

[0023] The present application also provides a carbon removal method for coal gasification, wherein water gas and steam generated after coal gasification are introduced into a hydrogen-rich reactor containing oxides to generate carbonates and H2; the generated carbonates are transported into a thermal decomposition reactor to perform thermal decomposition under the action of solar energy to generate oxides and CO2; and the generated oxides are transported into the hydrogen-rich reactor to react; and the cycle is repeated.

[0024] Optionally, the generated H2 is introduced into a gas turbine combined waste heat boiler for power generation, and the generated CO2 is introduced into a CO2 turbine combined waste heat boiler for power generation.

[0025] The technical scheme of the present application has the following advantages:

[0026] 1. The hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification provided by the present application is provided with a coal gasification device, a hydrogen-rich reactor and a thermal decomposition reactor, and an oxide is placed in the hydrogen-rich reactor during use, and the water gas and steam discharged from the coal gasification device enter the hydrogen-rich reactor to occur the following reactions (taking CaO as an example):

[0027] CO+H2O→H2+CO2, CO2+CaO→CaCO3

[0028] In the first aspect, CO2 reacts with the oxide, the removal of CO2 can be realized, and the consumption of CO2 can promote the water gas shift reaction, further eliminate CO, and the carbon removal effect is good, and a H2-rich phase can also be generated; in the second aspect, the oxide generates carbonate after carbon removal, the carbonate is decomposed in the thermal decomposition reactor to form oxide again, so that the renewable utilization of the carbon capture material is realized, and the heat depends on solar energy, thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption of decarbonization.

[0029] 2. The hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification provided by the present application is provided with a material regeneration storage tank, which can store the carbonate generated in the hydrogen-rich reactor, so that the hydrogen-rich reaction and the thermal decomposition reaction are separated by the material regeneration storage tank, and even if the two reactions are not synchronized, the independent continuous operation of the two reactions can be ensured, thereby improving the production efficiency.

[0030] 3. The hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification provided by the present application sets the solar heat source on the material regeneration tank, so that the solar heat source does not need to occupy an independent space, and the space occupation is smaller.

[0031] 4. The hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification provided by the present application links the gas phase discharge port with a steam turbine or a gas turbine, so that the generated H2 or CO2 can be concentratedly treated.

[0032] 5. The hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification provided by the present application is provided with a water storage tank, which is connected with the steam turbine or the gas turbine, so that the waste heat of the steam turbine or the gas turbine can be transferred to the water storage tank to generate steam, thereby further reducing the loss of the whole device and saving the environment.

[0033] 6. The hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification provided by the present application is provided with an oxide storage tank, which can store the oxide, so that even if the hydrogen-rich reaction and the thermal decomposition reaction are not synchronized, the production efficiency can be prevented from being reduced due to the unsynchronized reaction.

[0034] 7. The hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification provided by the present invention is equipped with a gas storage tank. On the one hand, by controlling the amount of CO2 entering the oxide storage tank, the ratio of oxides and carbonates in the oxide tank can be controlled, thereby affecting the degree of hydrogen-rich reaction conversion when entering the hydrogen-rich reactor. Thus, the degree of hydrogen-rich reaction conversion can be improved by adjusting the ratio of oxides and carbonates. On the other hand, when CO2 is excessive, the excess CO2 will carry the heat released by its reaction with oxides and be discharged from the third gas phase outlet to provide heat to other scenarios that require heat. Thus, the system has an energy storage function.

[0035] 8. The carbon removal method for coal gasification provided by this invention utilizes the ability of oxides to absorb CO2. The reaction between CO2 and oxides is exothermic, promoting the reaction between CO and H2O in water gas, thereby achieving decarbonization while generating an H2-rich phase. Furthermore, the generated carbonates decompose into oxides in the thermal decomposition reactor and enter the hydrogen-rich reactor for reaction, thus realizing the recycling of carbon capture materials. Moreover, the heat relied upon comes from solar energy, reducing energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen-rich reaction system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen-rich reactor in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0040] 1. Coal gasification unit; 11. Steam inlet; 12. Coal inlet; 13. Syngas outlet; 2. Hydrogen-rich reactor; 21. Syngas inlet; 22. First gas phase outlet; 23. First solid phase inlet; 24. First solid phase outlet; 3. Thermal decomposition reactor; 31. Second solid phase outlet; 32. Second solid phase inlet; 33. Second gas phase outlet; 4. Material regeneration storage tank; 41. Third solid phase inlet; 42. Third solid phase outlet; 5. Water storage tank; 6. Oxide storage tank; 61. Third gas phase outlet; 7. Gas storage tank; 8. Coal purification unit. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Combination Figs. 1-2As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification, which comprises:

[0042] a coal gasification device 1, which is provided with a steam inlet 11 and a coal inlet 12 at the bottom and a syngas outlet 13 at the top; the syngas comprises water gas and steam; the coal gasification device 1 is adapted to generate a coal gasification reaction with steam as a gasification agent;

[0043] a hydrogen-rich reactor 2, which is provided with a syngas inlet 21 and a first solid phase outlet 24 at the bottom, the syngas inlet 21 is communicated with the syngas outlet 13, and the hydrogen-rich reactor 2 is further provided with a first gas phase outlet 22 and a first solid phase inlet 23; the hydrogen-rich reactor 2 is adapted to generate a hydrogen-rich reaction; the first gas phase outlet 22 is adapted to discharge the generated H2; the first solid phase inlet 23 is adapted to input an oxide; the positions of the first solid phase inlet 23 and the first gas phase outlet 22 are not limited, preferably, the first solid phase inlet 23 is arranged at the side of the hydrogen-rich reactor 2, and the first gas phase outlet 22 is arranged at the top of the hydrogen-rich reactor 2; the hydrogen-rich reactor 2 preferably adopts a fluidized bed reaction structure, such as Fig. 2 As shown, the generated carbonate after the reaction is discharged through the bottom of the cyclone;

[0044] a thermal decomposition reactor 3, which is provided with a second solid phase outlet 31 at the bottom, the second solid phase outlet 31 is communicated with the first solid phase inlet 23, and the thermal decomposition reactor 3 is further provided with a second solid phase inlet 32 and a second gas phase outlet 33, the second solid phase inlet 32 is communicated with the first solid phase outlet 24; the thermal decomposition reactor 3 is adapted to perform a carbonate exothermic reaction; the second solid phase outlet 31 is adapted to discharge the oxide, and the second solid phase inlet 32 is adapted to input the carbonate;

[0045] a solar heat source, which is adapted to provide heat for the thermal decomposition reactor; the solar heat source can adopt an existing mature device that can absorb solar energy and convert it into heat energy

[0046] In use of the system, the oxide can be selected from CaO or SrO or a combination of one or more perovskites.

[0047] The hydrogen-rich reaction system provided by the embodiment can pass the water gas and steam generated after the coal gasification into the oxide, so that the CO2 in the water gas can be eliminated by reacting with the oxide, the elimination of CO2 can promote the water gas shift reaction, further eliminate CO, and the carbon removal effect is good, and the H2 yield is improved, and a hydrogen-rich gas phase is generated; in addition, the carbonate generated after the oxide reacts with CO2 can be subjected to thermal decomposition to form the oxide again and enter the hydrogen-rich reactor 2, so that the renewable use of the carbon capture material is realized, and the heat energy required is from the solar energy, so that the energy consumption is reduced.

[0048] As an improved scheme, the hydrogen-rich reaction system further comprises:

[0049] A material regeneration tank 4 is provided with a third solid-phase inlet 41 and a third solid-phase outlet 42, the third solid-phase inlet 41 is communicated with the first solid-phase outlet 24, and the third solid-phase outlet 42 is communicated with the second solid-phase inlet 32. The material regeneration tank 4 is mainly used to store the carbonates generated from the hydrogen-rich reactor 2 in a state to be recycled.

[0050] Through the above improved scheme, the carbonates generated from the hydrogen-rich reactor 2 can be transported to the material regeneration tank 4 for storage, so that the thermal decomposition reaction and the hydrogen-rich reaction are separated by the material regeneration tank 4, even if the two reactions are not synchronized, the two reactions can be ensured to be carried out independently, thereby ensuring the production efficiency.

[0051] Preferably, the solar heat source is arranged on the material regeneration tank 4 and is adapted to absorb and store solar energy and provide heat for the thermal decomposition reactor 3. The material regeneration tank absorbs solar energy and stores it, and provides heat for the thermal decomposition reaction when needed. Preferably, the first gas-phase outlet 22 is adapted to be connected to a gas turbine combined with a waste heat boiler for power generation, and the second gas-phase outlet 33 is adapted to be connected to a CO2 turbine combined with a waste heat boiler for power generation. The above preferred scheme provides a specific processing mode for the H2 generated by the hydrogen-rich reaction and the CO2 generated by the thermal decomposition reaction, so that the system of the present application is linked with the turbine power generation system, and all gases can be recycled, which is more environmentally friendly and energy-saving.

[0052] As an improved scheme, the hydrogen-rich reaction system further comprises:

[0053] A water tank 5 is connected with the gas turbine and / or the CO2 turbine and is adapted to receive waste heat, and an outlet of the water tank 5 is communicated with the steam inlet 11. Specifically, the inlet of the water tank 5 can be connected with the gas turbine, or connected with the CO2 turbine, or connected with both.

[0054] Through the above improved scheme, the waste heat generated by the turbine is supplied to the water tank 5, and the water absorbs heat to form water vapor which is transported into the coal gasification device 1, thereby further improving the linkage between the hydrogen-rich reaction system of the present application and the turbine power generation system, and being more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0055] As an improved scheme, the hydrogen-rich reaction system further comprises:

[0056] An oxide tank 6 is communicated with the second solid-phase outlet 31, and a material outlet is arranged at the bottom of the oxide tank 6, and the material outlet is communicated with the first solid-phase inlet 23.

[0057] Through the above improvement scheme, the oxide generated by the thermal decomposition reaction can be transported to the oxide storage tank 6 for storage, so that the thermal decomposition reaction and the hydrogen-rich reaction are separated by the oxide storage tank 6, and even if the production rhythm of the thermal decomposition reaction and the hydrogen-rich reaction does not match, the oxide storage tank 6 can compensate, so that both reactions can be independently and continuously carried out, and the production efficiency is improved.

[0058] As an improvement scheme, the hydrogen-rich reaction system further comprises:

[0059] The gas storage tank 7 is communicated with the oxide storage tank 6 and the second gas phase outlet 33 through on-off valves, and the oxide storage tank 6 is provided with a third gas phase outlet 61. In use, the CO2 generated in the thermal decomposition reactor 3 enters the gas storage tank 7 for storage, which has two effects: one is that the proportion of oxide and carbonate in the oxide storage tank 6 can be controlled by controlling the CO2 content entering the oxide storage tank 6, so that the hydrogen-rich reaction is adjusted according to the proportion, and the conversion degree of the hydrogen-rich reaction is improved; the second is that when heat is needed, excess CO2 can be introduced into the oxide storage tank 6, and the excess CO2 can carry the heat and be discharged from the third gas phase outlet 61 to provide heat for the scene needing heat, saving energy, for example Fig. 1 The excess CO2 carries heat into the CO2 steam turbine combined with the waste heat boiler to generate power.

[0060] As an improvement scheme, the hydrogen-rich reaction system further comprises:

[0061] The coal purification device 8 is connected with a coal source at the input port and communicated with the coal inlet 12 at the output port.

[0062] Through the above improvement scheme, the coal entering the coal gasification device 1 is more clean, so that the water gas generated by the coal gasification contains less impurity gas, and the purity of H2 generated in the hydrogen-rich reactor 2 is higher.

[0063] The application also provides a carbon removal method for coal gasification. The water gas and water vapor after coal gasification are introduced into the hydrogen-rich reactor 2 containing oxide to generate carbonate and H2; the generated carbonate is transported to the thermal decomposition reactor 3 for thermal decomposition to generate oxide and CO2; the generated oxide is transported to the hydrogen-rich reactor 2 for reaction; and the cycle is repeated.

[0064] Specifically, the oxide is preferably at least one of CaO, SrO, Fe3O4, Co3O4, CuO, NiO, Mn2O3, Al2O3, or a perovskite type composite oxide, or a composite developed using the oxide as a base material. For example, a material in which Co3O4 is added to CaO as a base material is combined to form CaCO3 and CoO; a material in which Mn2O3 is added to CaO as a base material is combined to form CaCO3 and Mn3O4; and a material in which CuO is added to CaO as a base material is combined to form CaCO3 and Cu2O.

[0065] Preferably, the generated H2 is fed into a gas turbine combined waste heat boiler to generate power, and the generated CO2 is fed into a CO2 turbine combined waste heat boiler to generate power, so that both the generated H2 and CO2 can be utilized, and the power generation energy consumption is reduced, and the environment is protected and energy is saved.

[0066] It should be noted that the solid phase material can be transported between different devices by means of screw feeding or slope feeding.

[0067] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clarity, and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art can make other different forms of changes or modifications. All the embodiments do not need to be exhausted, and the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled to coal gasification, characterized in that, The system comprises a coal gasification device (1), a hydrogen-rich reactor (2), a thermal decomposition reactor (3), a material regeneration tank (4), an oxide tank (6) and a gas storage tank (7), wherein: The coal gasification device (1) is provided with a steam inlet (11) and a coal inlet (12) at the bottom and a syngas outlet (13) at the top for discharging the generated syngas and outputting to the hydrogen-rich reactor (2); The hydrogen-rich reactor (2) is a fluidized bed reactor, provided with a syngas inlet (21) at the bottom and a first solid phase outlet (24) for discharging the generated carbonate and outputting to the material regeneration tank (4), the syngas inlet (21) is communicated with the syngas outlet (13) of the coal gasification device (1), the hydrogen-rich reactor (2) is further provided with a first gas phase outlet (22) for discharging the generated H2 and a first solid phase inlet (23) connected to the oxide tank (6) and used for inputting oxide, and the first gas phase outlet (22) is connected to the downstream gas turbine combined waste heat boiler power generation system through a pipeline; The thermal decomposition reactor (3) is used for thermal decomposition of carbonate, provided with a second solid phase outlet (31) at the bottom for discharging the generated oxide and outputting to the oxide tank (6), the thermal decomposition reactor (3) is further provided with a second solid phase inlet (32) connected to the material regeneration tank (4) and used for inputting carbonate and a second gas phase outlet (33) for discharging the generated CO2, the second gas phase outlet (33) is connected to the downstream CO2 turbine combined waste heat boiler power generation system through a pipeline; A solar heat source is adapted to provide heat for the thermal decomposition reactor (3); The material regeneration tank (4) is used to store the generated carbonate from the hydrogen-rich reactor (2), provided with a third solid phase inlet (42) and a third solid phase outlet (41), the third solid phase inlet (42) is communicated with the first solid phase outlet (24) of the hydrogen-rich reactor (2), and the third solid phase outlet (42) is communicated with the second solid phase inlet (32) of the thermal decomposition reactor (3); The oxide tank (6) is communicated with the second solid phase outlet (31) of the thermal decomposition reactor (3) at the inlet, provided with a material outlet at the bottom, the material outlet is communicated with the first solid phase inlet (23) of the hydrogen-rich reactor (2) and the gas outlet of the gas storage tank (7) in a switchable manner, and the oxide tank (6) is further provided with a third gas phase outlet (61) connected to the downstream CO2 turbine combined waste heat boiler power generation system through a pipeline; The gas storage tank (7) is communicated with the second gas phase outlet (33) of the thermal decomposition reactor (3) at the inlet and with the material outlet of the oxide tank (6) at the outlet, and the communication of the gas storage tank (7) with the material outlet of the oxide tank (6) and the communication of the gas storage tank (7) with the second gas phase outlet (33) of the thermal decomposition reactor (3) are both controlled by on-off valves, and wherein: Part of the CO2 generated in the thermal decomposition reactor (3) is stored in a gas storage tank (7), and the proportion of oxides and carbonates in the oxide storage tank (6) is controlled by introducing CO2 into the oxide storage tank (6) to adjust the hydrogen-rich reaction according to the proportion; When heat is needed, excess CO2 is introduced into the oxide storage tank (6) to react with the oxides to release heat, and the excess CO2 carries the heat out of the third gas phase discharge port (61) to the heat supply scene.

2. The coupled gasification of coal hydrogen-rich reaction system of claim 1, wherein, The solar heat source is arranged on the material regeneration storage tank (4) and is adapted to absorb and store solar energy and supply heat to the thermal decomposition reactor (3).

3. The coupled gasification, hydrogen-rich reaction system of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: A water storage tank (5) connected to a gas turbine and / or a CO2 turbine, and adapted to receive waste heat, the outlet of the water storage tank (5) being in communication with the steam inlet (11) of the coal gasification device (1).

4. The hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, Further comprising a coal purification device (8) having an input adapted to be connected to a coal source and an output in communication with the coal inlet (12) of the coal gasification device (1).

5. A carbon removal method for coal gasification based on the hydrogen-rich reaction system coupled with coal gasification according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: After the coal is gasified, the water gas and steam are introduced into the hydrogen-rich reactor (2) containing oxides to generate carbonates and H2; the generated carbonates are transported to the thermal decomposition reactor (3) to undergo thermal decomposition under the action of solar energy to generate oxides and CO2; the generated oxides are transported to the hydrogen-rich reactor (2) to react; and the cycle is repeated.

6. The method of decarburization of coal gasification according to claim 5, characterized in that, The H2 generated in the hydrogen-rich reactor (2) is introduced into a gas turbine combined with a waste heat boiler to generate power, and the CO2 generated in the thermal decomposition reactor (3) is introduced into a CO2 turbine combined with a waste heat boiler to generate power.

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