Ignition device and combustion system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an ignition device for igniting fuel in a main combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising: a housing; a pre-combustion chamber formed in the housing and connected to the main combustion chamber; and an intake assembly, wherein the intake end of the intake assembly is respectively connected to an air source and a first fuel source, and the exhaust end of the intake assembly is connected to the pre-combustion chamber; wherein the air source and the first fuel source are selectively connected to the pre-combustion chamber through the intake assembly, and the pre-combustion chamber is used to scavenge air when the pre-combustion chamber and the air source are connected. The present disclosure also provides a combustion system, comprising: a body; a piston installed in the body; a cylinder head installed at an opening position of the body, and the body, the piston and the cylinder head define the main combustion chamber; and a combustion system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and in particular to an ignition device and a combustion system. Background Art

[0002] In order to effectively improve the stability and rapid combustion capability of an internal combustion engine based on lean combustion and / or low-carbon alternative fuel technology, in the prior art, an internal combustion engine can be provided with a main combustion chamber and a pre-combustion chamber connected to each other, wherein the fuel burns in the pre-combustion chamber and forms a jet flame to serve as an ignition device for the main combustion chamber.

[0003] However, the pre-combustion chamber is smaller in size and more complex in structure than the main combustion chamber. Therefore, high-temperature exhaust gas is easily retained inside the pre-combustion chamber, which may cause pre-combustion chamber ablation and fire in the next cycle, thereby reducing the reliability of the combustion system. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the existing technical problems, the present invention provides an ignition device and a combustion system, which are used to at least partially solve the above technical problems.

[0005] One aspect of the present disclosure provides an ignition device for igniting fuel in a main combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising: a shell; a pre-combustion chamber formed in the shell and communicated with the main combustion chamber; and an intake assembly, wherein the intake end of the intake assembly is respectively connected to an air source and a first fuel source, and the exhaust end of the intake assembly is communicated with the pre-combustion chamber; wherein the air source and the first fuel source are selectively communicated with the pre-combustion chamber through the intake assembly, and when the pre-combustion chamber and the air source are communicated, they are used to scavenge the pre-combustion chamber.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the ignition device further comprises a spark plug disposed in the housing, wherein a discharge end of the spark plug is located in the pre-combustion chamber.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the housing includes: a first shell; and a second shell, the second shell and the first shell are movably installed, and in an installed state, the second shell and the first shell define the pre-combustion chamber.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a through hole is formed on the first shell, and the through hole is communicated with the pre-combustion chamber to limit the discharge end of the spark plug within the pre-combustion chamber.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of spray holes are formed on the second shell, and the plurality of spray holes are formed on the second shell at intervals to connect the pre-combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the air intake assembly includes a solenoid valve, in which a first air intake end, a second air intake end and an exhaust end are formed; the first air intake end is connected to the air source, and the second air intake end is connected to the first fuel source.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the solenoid valve includes: a valve body; and two valve blocks slidably mounted in the valve body and configured to close or open the first air inlet end and / or the second air inlet end.

[0012] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a combustion system, comprising: a body; a piston installed in the body; a cylinder head installed at an opening position of the body, the body, the piston and the cylinder head defining a main combustion chamber; and an ignition device.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the ignition device is disposed in a middle position of the cylinder head and extends into the main combustion chamber along the axial direction of the cylinder head.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a second fuel source is further included, wherein the second fuel source is connected to the main combustion chamber, and the first fuel source is supplied by the ignition device to ignite the second fuel source which is supplied by the second fuel source.

[0015] According to the ignition device of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present disclosure, the outer shell serves as an installation base to form a pre-combustion chamber and is connected to an intake assembly, and the intake assembly connects the pre-combustion chamber to the air source and the first fuel source respectively, and realizes air intake to the ignition device when it is connected to the first fuel source. When it is connected to the air source, the high-temperature exhaust gas remaining in the pre-combustion chamber is guided into the main combustion chamber through a pressure difference, thereby more effectively realizing scavenging of the pre-combustion chamber, and more effectively preventing ablation or fire in the pre-combustion chamber.

[0016] According to the combustion system of the above embodiment of the present disclosure, the ignition device is used to ignite the fuel introduced into the main combustion chamber, which can make the combustion process of the combustion system more stable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an ignition device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of a housing portion of an ignition device of the illustrated exemplary embodiment;

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of an air intake assembly portion of an ignition device of the illustrated exemplary embodiment;

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 3The schematic diagram of the structure of the air intake assembly in the working state is shown; 4a is the scavenging state; 4b is the air intake state; 4c is the sparking state;

[0021] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a combustion system according to the present disclosure; and

[0022] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another combustion system according to the present disclosure.

[0023] Reference numerals

[0024] 1. Ignition device;

[0025] 11. Nut;

[0026] 12. Gasket;

[0027] 13. Air intake assembly;

[0028] 131, first air inlet end;

[0029] 132, second air inlet end;

[0030] 133, valve body;

[0031] 134, sealing head;

[0032] 135. Compression spring;

[0033] 136, valve block;

[0034] 137. Connecting rod;

[0035] 138, exhaust end;

[0036] 139. Coil

[0037] 14. Shell;

[0038] 141. first shell;

[0039] 1411, through hole;

[0040] 1412, airway;

[0041] 142. Second shell;

[0042] 1421, nozzle;

[0043] 2. Cylinder head;

[0044] 3. Body;

[0045] 4. Piston; and

[0046] 5. Injector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The terms "comprise", "include", etc. used herein indicate the existence of the features, steps, operations and / or components, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.

[0049] All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0050] In the case of using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", it should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning of the expression generally understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.). In the case of using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, or C, etc.", it should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning of the expression generally understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).

[0051] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an ignition device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of a housing portion of an ignition device of the illustrated exemplary embodiment; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of an air intake assembly portion of an ignition device of the illustrated exemplary embodiment; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the structure of the partial working state of the air intake component is shown; among them, 4a is the scavenging state; 4b is the air intake state; 4c is the sparking state.

[0052] The present invention provides an ignition device for igniting fuel in a main combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, it includes: a shell 14, a pre-combustion chamber formed in the shell 14, and an intake assembly 13 connected to the pre-combustion chamber; the above-mentioned pre-combustion chamber is connected to the main combustion chamber, and the intake end of the intake assembly 13 is respectively connected to an air source and a first fuel source, wherein the air source and the first fuel source are selectively connected to the pre-combustion chamber through the intake assembly 13, and the pre-combustion chamber is scavenged when the pre-combustion chamber and the air source are connected.

[0053] In detail, in the state where no ignition source is configured, the first fuel gas introduced into the pre-combustion chamber by the first fuel source can be selected as fuel gas with higher activity, wherein the fuel gas with higher activity is characterized as fuel gas that can be compressed and ignited under the temperature and pressure environment formed by the pre-combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0054] For example, the fuel source may also utilize liquid or other non-gaseous fuels.

[0055] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the ignition device further comprises a spark plug 15 disposed in the housing 14, wherein the discharge end of the spark plug 15 is located in the pre-combustion chamber, so as to ignite the first fuel in the pre-combustion chamber.

[0056] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 2 As shown, the housing 14 includes a first housing 141 and a second housing 142; wherein the second housing 142 and the first housing 141 are movably mounted, and in the mounted state, the first housing 141 and the second housing 142 define a pre-combustion chamber. The spark plug 15 is included to facilitate the assembly of the ignition device.

[0057] In detail, the first shell 141 includes a sleeve, a containing space is formed inside the sleeve, and the containing space is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a partition formed in an integral manner, and an inner wall of the second cavity located at the lower part forms an internal thread.

[0058] Furthermore, the second shell 142 includes a cap-shaped part, which includes an integrally formed ball head and a tubular part extending tangentially along the outer diameter of the ball head, and the outer wall of the tubular part forms an external thread for fixing with the internal thread of the sleeve. In the fixed state, the space in the second shell 142 and the area defined by the second cavity of the first shell 141 serve as a pre-combustion chamber.

[0059] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a through hole 1411 is formed on the first housing 141 , and the through hole 1411 is communicated with the pre-combustion chamber to restrict the spark plug 15 on the first housing 141 .

[0060] In detail, a through hole 1411 is formed on the partition of the first housing 141, and the inner diameter of the through hole 1411 is adapted to the outer diameter of the discharge end of the spark plug 15, so as to embed the discharge end of the spark plug 15 therein and extend the discharge end into the pre-combustion chamber.

[0061] Furthermore, the other end of the spark plug 15 away from the discharge end is fixed to the housing 14 through a nut 11 and a washer 12. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0062] For example, the spark plug 15 may also be fixed by other connectors and the housing. Alternatively, the spark plug 15 may also be arranged separately from the pre-combustion chamber, for example, the pre-combustion chamber may be integrally formed on the cylinder head 2, and the spark plug 15 may be directly fixed on the cylinder head 2.

[0063] Furthermore, an air passage 1412 is formed on the first shell 141 for connecting 138 with the exhaust end of the air intake assembly 13 .

[0064] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of spray holes 1421 are formed at intervals on the second shell 142 to connect the pre-combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber.

[0065] In detail, the spray holes 1421 include but are not limited to being arranged at the end of the second housing 142 opposite to the piston 4, and being arranged circumferentially along the end in the main combustion chamber, so as to evenly diffuse the first fuel and form a jet flame or a hot jet in the main combustion chamber with the first fuel ignited in the pre-combustion chamber.

[0066] In detail, the number of the spray holes 1421 is 4 to 6. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0067] For example, the number of the spray holes 1421 is 8 or other numbers.

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the air intake assembly 13 includes a three-position three-way solenoid valve forming a first air intake end 131, a second air intake end 132 and an exhaust end 138. The first air intake end 131 is connected to an air source, and the second air intake end 132 is connected to a first fuel source.

[0069] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the solenoid valve includes a valve body 133 and two valve blocks 136 . The two valve blocks 136 are slidably installed in the valve body 133 and are configured to close the first air inlet end 131 and / or the second air inlet end 132 .

[0070] In detail, an installation space is formed in the valve body 133 , and sealing heads 134 are respectively installed at both ends of the installation space for sealing. An electromagnetic coil 139 is wound around the outside of each sealing head 134 to provide a magnetic field.

[0071] In detail, the two valve blocks 136 are fixed by a connecting rod 137 to achieve synchronous movement of the two valve blocks 136. The two valve blocks 136 are slidably installed in the installation space between the two sealing heads 134, and the position change is achieved through magnetic field adsorption.

[0072] Furthermore, a compression spring 135 is installed between each valve block 136 and the adjacent sealing head 134. When the electromagnetic coil 139 does not provide a magnetic field, the two compression springs 135 apply pressure to the valve block 136 to reset it, so as to limit the two valve blocks 136 to a position where the first air inlet end 131 and the second air inlet end 132 are closed at the same time and the exhaust end 138 is normally open.

[0073] Furthermore, the ignition device includes: Figure 4 Three states are shown.

[0074] Among them, 4a is the scavenging state. When the coil is supplied with current in a specific direction, a magnetic field is formed inside the valve body 133, and the valve block 136 moves under the action of the magnetic field until the system is balanced. The first air inlet end 131 and the exhaust end 138 are connected, the second air inlet end 132 is closed, and high-pressure air is passed into the pre-combustion chamber to realize the scavenging function.

[0075] 4b is the ventilation state. When the direction of the current in the coil changes, the direction of the magnetic field inside the valve body 133 changes, and the valve block 136 moves again under the action of the magnetic field until the system is balanced. The second intake end 132 and the exhaust end 138 are connected, the first intake end 131 is closed, and the first fuel is introduced into the pre-combustion chamber to form a mixed gas.

[0076] Among them, 4c is the sparking state, when the first fuel is introduced, the coil is powered off, and the valve block 136 is in the middle position in the valve body 133 under the action of the compression spring 135. The first intake end 131 and the second intake end 132 are both closed, and the spark plug 15 sparks to ignite the mixture in the pre-combustion chamber.

[0077] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a combustion system according to the present disclosure.

[0078] The present disclosure provides a combustion system, such as Figure 5 As shown, it includes a body 3, a piston 4 installed in the body 3, a cylinder head 2 installed at the opening position of the body 3, and an ignition device 1; wherein the area between the body 3, the piston 4 and the cylinder head defines a main combustion chamber.

[0079] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the ignition device is disposed in the middle of the cylinder head 2 and extends along the axial direction of the cylinder head 2 into the main combustion chamber.

[0080] In detail, the air intake assembly 13 is in an air intake state so that the first fuel enters the pre-combustion chamber. The main combustion chamber matched therewith is fed with fuel through the air intake duct. The spark plug 15 ignites the first fuel in the pre-combustion chamber and forms a jet flame or a hot jet through the nozzle hole 1421 to ignite the fuel in the main combustion chamber.

[0081] For example, methane fuel may be used as the first fuel, and the fuel introduced into the main combustion chamber may be consistent with the first fuel (also methane), so as to form an internal combustion engine using methane as fuel.

[0082] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another combustion system according to the present disclosure.

[0083] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 6 As shown, the combustion system also includes a second fuel source, which is connected to the main combustion chamber through a second fuel injector 5. The first fuel gas introduced by the ignition device into the first fuel source ignites the second fuel gas introduced by the second fuel source.

[0084] In detail, in the above embodiment, the injector 5 is arranged in the middle of the cylinder head 2, and the ignition device is arranged in the cylinder head 2 beside the injector 5, and the second fuel sprayed by the injector and the jet flame sprayed by the ignition device intersect.

[0085] For example, methane can be used as the first fuel and ammonia fuel can be used as the second fuel. The methane is ignited in the pre-combustion chamber by the spark plug 15, and then the ammonia fuel in the main combustion chamber is ignited by the jet flame formed by the ignited methane.

[0086] Furthermore, the above-mentioned fuel does not limit the type of fuel, and the fuel should include liquid or supercritical fluid state in addition to gaseous state.

[0087] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above. However, these embodiments are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used in combination to advantage. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents. Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art may make a variety of substitutions and modifications, which should all fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An ignition device for igniting fuel in a main combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, the ignition device (1) comprising: Shell (14); A pre-combustion chamber, formed in the housing (14) and in communication with the main combustion chamber; as well as An air intake component (13), wherein an air intake end of the air intake component (13) is respectively connected to an air source and a first fuel source, and an exhaust end (138) of the air intake component (13) is in communication with the pre-combustion chamber; The air source and the first fuel source are selectively connected to the pre-combustion chamber via the air intake assembly (13), and when the pre-combustion chamber is connected to the air source, the pre-combustion chamber is scavenged; The air intake component (13) comprises a solenoid valve, wherein a first air intake end (131), a second air intake end (132) and an exhaust end (138) are formed in the solenoid valve; The solenoid valve comprises: a valve body (133); and Two valve blocks (136) are slidably mounted in the valve body (133) and are configured to close at least one of the first air inlet end (131) and the second air inlet end (132); Wherein, the first air inlet end (131) is connected to the air source, and the second air inlet end (132) is connected to the first fuel source; An installation space is formed in the valve body (133), and sealing heads (134) are respectively installed at both ends of the installation space for sealing. The two valve blocks (136) are fixed by a connecting rod (137) to achieve synchronous movement of the two valve blocks (136). The two valve blocks (136) are slidably installed in the installation space between the two sealing heads (134), and an electromagnetic coil (139) is wound around the outside of each sealing head (134) to provide a magnetic field to adsorb the valve block (136).

2. The ignition device according to claim 1, further comprising a spark plug (15) disposed in the housing (14), wherein a discharge end of the spark plug (15) is located in the pre-combustion chamber.

3. The ignition device according to claim 2, wherein: The housing (14) comprises: A first housing (141); and The second shell (142) is movably mounted with the first shell (141); in the mounted state, the second shell (142) and the first shell (141) define the pre-combustion chamber.

4. The ignition device according to claim 3, wherein: A through hole (1411) is formed on the first shell (141), and the through hole (1411) is connected to the pre-combustion chamber, so as to limit the discharge end of the spark plug (15) within the pre-combustion chamber.

5. The ignition device according to claim 3, wherein: A plurality of spray holes (1421) are formed on the second shell (142); the plurality of spray holes (1421) are formed at intervals on the second shell (142) to connect the pre-combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber.

6. A combustion system comprising: Body (3); A piston (4) installed in the body (3); a cylinder head (2) mounted at an opening of the engine body (3), wherein the engine body (3), the piston (4) and the cylinder head (2) define a main combustion chamber; and An ignition device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The combustion system according to claim 6, wherein: The ignition device is arranged in the middle of the cylinder head (2) and extends along the axial direction of the cylinder head (2) into the main combustion chamber.

8. The combustion system according to claim 7, further comprising a second fuel source, wherein the second fuel source is connected to the main combustion chamber, and the first fuel gas introduced by the ignition device into the first fuel source ignites the second fuel gas introduced by the second fuel source.

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