Internal ventilation mechanism for audio systems having non-porous membranes

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an internal ventilation mechanism for an audio system having a non-porous membrane. The present disclosure discloses an electronic device that may include a housing, an audio component, and a gasket. The housing may define a first internal volume, and the audio component may define a second internal volume. The audio component may include a membrane and a ventilation element having a fluid-impermeable layer. The ventilation element may define a fluid path that places the first internal volume in fluid communication with the second internal volume. At least a portion of the fluid path may extend parallel to the fluid-impermeable layer. The gasket may define a seal between the first internal volume and an ambient environment adjacent to the housing.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This disclosure claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 179934, filed on April 26, 2021, entitled “INTERNAL VENTING MECHANISMS FOR AUDIO SYSTEM WITH NON-POROUS MEMBRANE,” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 083045, filed on September 24, 2020, entitled “INTERNAL VENTING MECHANISMS FOR AUDIO SYSTEM WITH NON-POROUS MEMBRANE,” the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The described examples generally relate to electronic devices and, more particularly, to ventilated electronic devices. Background Art

[0004] Recent advances in electronics have driven electronic devices to encompass smaller form factors while providing increased battery life, performance, and durability. These attributes have contributed to electronic devices (such as smart watches) that are portable and used for a variety of activities, such as swimming, traveling, exercising, scuba diving, mountaineering, backpacking, snorkeling, camping, fishing, cycling, and other activities. Indeed, portable electronic devices provide instantaneous resources relevant to both indoor and outdoor activities, such as monitoring or measuring heart rate, location information, atmospheric pressure, and the like. While portable electronic devices are desirable in a wide range of activities, the attributes of the environment in which the portable electronic devices are used, such as temperature, humidity, and pressure, can significantly affect the performance and functionality of the electronic components within the portable electronic devices. Therefore, improvements and advancements in portable electronic devices may be desirable to withstand environmental attributes without inhibiting the functionality of the electronic devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to some aspects of the present disclosure, an electronic device may include: a housing that at least partially defines a first internal volume; and an audio component that defines a second internal volume. The audio component may include a membrane and a venting element. The venting element may define a fluid path extending from the first internal volume to the second internal volume, and place the first internal volume in fluid communication with the second internal volume.

[0006] In some examples, the audio component includes a microphone. In some examples, the electronic device may be a smart watch or a smart phone. The ventilation element may include a fluid-impermeable layer, and at least a portion of the fluid path may extend parallel to the fluid-impermeable layer. The fluid-impermeable layer may define a channel extending from a central portion of the ventilation element to a periphery of the ventilation element. The channel may form at least a portion of the fluid path. The ventilation element may include a porous material disposed adjacent to the fluid-impermeable layer. The porous material may define the fluid path. The porous material may include metal. In some examples, the ventilation element may include a coil coupled to the fluid-impermeable layer. The coil may at least partially define the fluid path.

[0007] In some examples, the ventilation element can include a first layer that at least partially defines a first channel extending from a central portion of the ventilation element into the first layer. The ventilation element can include a second layer that at least partially defines a second channel extending from a periphery of the ventilation element into the second layer. The ventilation element can include a fluid-permeable intermediate layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The fluid-permeable intermediate layer can place the first channel in fluid communication with the second channel.

[0008] According to some examples, an audio component may include: a housing that at least partially defines an interior volume; a membrane that at least partially defines the interior volume; and a venting element in fluid communication with the interior volume. The venting element may define a fluid path extending from the interior volume to an ambient environment outside the housing.

[0009] In some examples, the fluid path can extend from a central portion of the ventilation element to a periphery of the ventilation element. In some examples, the ventilation element can include a first layer that at least partially defines a first channel extending from a central portion of the ventilation element into the first layer. The ventilation element can include a second layer that at least partially defines a second channel extending from the periphery of the ventilation element into the second layer. The ventilation element can include a fluid-permeable intermediate layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The fluid-permeable intermediate layer can place the first channel and the second channel in fluid communication. The first channel and the second channel can extend parallel to the fluid-permeable intermediate layer. The width of the first channel can vary along the length of the first channel. The width of the second channel can vary along the length of the second channel. An area of the fluid-permeable intermediate layer disposed between the first channel and the second channel can place the first channel and the second channel in fluid communication.

[0010] The ventilation element may include a series of protrusions arranged along the length of the fluid path. In some examples, the ventilation element may include: a first fluid-impermeable layer; a second fluid-impermeable layer; and a porous layer, the porous layer being arranged between the first fluid-impermeable layer and the second fluid-impermeable layer. The porous layer may define the fluid path. The porous layer may include metal foam. In some examples, the ventilation element may include a coiled member coupled to the fluid-impermeable layer. At least a portion of the fluid path may be formed by the fluid-impermeable layer and the coiled member. In some examples, the ventilation element may include a coiled member coupled to the fluid-impermeable layer. The coiled member may define a conduit extending through the coiled member, and at least a portion of the fluid path may be formed by the conduit. The audio component may be a speaker or a microphone.

[0011] According to some aspects of the present disclosure, a ventilating element for a portable electronic device may include a fluid-impermeable layer defining a surface of the ventilating element. The ventilating element may include a fluid-permeable layer disposed adjacent to the fluid-impermeable layer. The fluid-permeable layer may define a fluid path extending from a central portion of the ventilating element to a periphery of the ventilating element.

[0012] In some examples, the fluid-permeable layer may define a channel extending from a central portion of the ventilating element toward a periphery of the ventilating element. The channel may form at least a portion of the fluid path. In some examples, the fluid-permeable layer may include foam. In some examples, the fluid-permeable layer may include a coiled tubular member. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The present disclosure will be readily understood through the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and wherein:

[0014] Figure 1A A perspective view of a portable electronic device is shown.

[0015] Figure 1B Shown Figure 1A A perspective view of a housing of a portable electronic device.

[0016] Figure 1C Shown Figure 1A A top cross-sectional view of a portable electronic device.

[0017] Figure 1D A block diagram of a portable electronic device is shown.

[0018] Figure 2 A cross-sectional side view of an audio component assembly is shown.

[0019] Figure 3AA cross-sectional side view of an audio component assembly is shown.

[0020] Figure 3B A perspective view from above of the ventilation element is shown.

[0021] Figure 3C A perspective view from above of the ventilation element is shown.

[0022] Figure 4A A cross-sectional side view of an audio component assembly is shown.

[0023] Figure 4B A perspective view from above of the ventilation element is shown.

[0024] Figure 4C Shown Figure 4B Cross-sectional side view of a ventilation element.

[0025] Figure 5A A cross-sectional side view of an audio component assembly is shown.

[0026] Figure 5B A perspective view from above of the ventilation element is shown.

[0027] Figure 5C Shown Figure 5B Cross-sectional side view of a ventilation element.

[0028] Figure 6A A cross-sectional side view of an audio component assembly is shown.

[0029] Figure 6B A perspective view from above of the ventilation element is shown.

[0030] Figure 6C Shown Figure 6B Cross-sectional side view of a ventilation element.

[0031] Figure 7A A cross-sectional side view of an audio component assembly is shown.

[0032] Figure 7B An exploded view of the ventilation element is shown.

[0033] Figure 7C Shown Figure 7B A top perspective view of a ventilation element.

[0034] Figure 7D A top view of an example of a ventilation element is shown.

[0035] Figure 7E A plan view of another example of a ventilation element is shown.

[0036] Figure 7F Shown Figure 7B Cross-sectional side view of a ventilation element.

[0037] Figure 8 A cross-sectional side view of a portable electronic device is shown.

[0038] Figure 9 A cross-sectional side view of a portable electronic device is shown.

[0039] Figure 10 A cross-sectional side view of a portable electronic device is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] This description provides examples and does not limit the scope, applicability, or configuration set forth in the claims. Therefore, it should be understood that the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed may be modified without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, and that various examples may omit, substitute, or add other programs or components as appropriate. Furthermore, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0041] Portable electronic devices may utilize electronic components with one or more membranes, such as audio components like speakers or microphones, air pressure vents, and the like. For example, a microphone may include a membrane that moves relative to sound waves applied to the membrane. Electronic and / or electrical components within the microphone may convert the membrane's movement into an electrical signal, which can be transmitted to other components of the portable electronic device. The membrane and microphone housing may define a volume that experiences changes in relative pressure (e.g., the pressure within the volume relative to the pressure of the surrounding environment outside the volume). For example, the temperature and / or atmospheric pressure resulting from immersion in a liquid may change the relative pressure within the volume. Fluctuations in relative pressure may degrade the operation of the membrane or otherwise lead to poor microphone performance. Therefore, ventilating the volume defined by the membrane and microphone housing can be beneficial for regulating the relative pressure within the volume. One option for ventilating the membrane utilizes a porous membrane that allows fluid to be expelled through the membrane itself. However, porous membranes can expose the portable electronic device to the ingress of contaminants such as dust, sand, debris, fluids, corrosive materials, and other types of organic and inorganic materials.

[0042] The present disclosure relates to a venting element having a feature defining a fluid path that fluidically connects a first internal volume of a portable electronic device to a second internal volume of the portable electronic device. For example, the portable electronic device may include a housing that defines a first internal volume, and the portable electronic device may include an audio component, such as a microphone assembly, a speaker assembly, or other audio component that forms a second internal volume. The audio component may include a venting element that is at least partially disposed within the second internal volume. The venting element may include one or more fluid-impermeable layers. The venting element may define a fluid path having a portion that fluidically connects the first internal volume and the second internal volume, the portion extending parallel to the one or more fluid-impermeable layers. Thus, the venting element may provide a vent or fluid path between the audio component and the housing to adjust the relative pressure within the first volume. In some examples, the first internal volume may be fluidically connected to the surrounding environment outside the housing via an air pressure vent disposed in a sidewall of the housing.

[0043] Portable electronic devices are trending toward smaller form factors, or otherwise toward electronic components that take up less space within the housing of the portable electronic device. This trend may result in multiple electronic components being tightly packed within the housing, disposed within a common internal volume. However, packaging components within a relatively small and confined space may present challenges, for example, the operation of one electronic component may diminish or degrade the effective operation of another electronic component. A microphone, for example, may be disposed within the housing and may be required to vent through the same portion of the housing that forms the rear volume of the speaker of the portable electronic device. In this example, the fluid path defined by the microphone to vent to relative pressure may also enable sound waves from the speaker to travel to the microphone (e.g., through the fluid path), thereby reducing or diminishing the functionality of the microphone.

[0044] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to a ventilation element that defines a fluid path while also attenuating or reducing sound waves with a wavelength between 20 Hz and 20 kHz. In other words, the fluid path defined by the ventilation element can act as a low-pass filter that allows airflow through the fluid path while also attenuating sound waves higher than 20 Hz. For example, the layer of the ventilation element can define one or more channels that form at least a portion of the fluid path. The one or more channels can extend from the central portion of the ventilation element toward the periphery of the ventilation element. In some examples, the two channels can be placed so as to be fluidically connected through a fluid-permeable interlayer disposed between the two channels. In some examples, the fluid-permeable interlayer can enable fluid to flow between the two channels, but prevents or suppresses sound waves from entering the second internal volume (e.g., the volume defined by the audio component).

[0045] As another example, the ventilation element may include a porous layer disposed between a first fluid-impermeable layer and a second fluid-impermeable layer. The porous layer may include a metal foam. As another example, the ventilation element may include a coiled member coupled to the fluid-impermeable layer, and a fluid path may be defined between the coiled member and the fluid-impermeable layer. In some examples, the coiled member may form a hollow channel or conduit (e.g., a hollow coiled tube), and at least a portion of the fluid path may be defined by the channel conduit.

[0046] While in some examples the membrane support and the venting element are described herein as distinct and separate components of an audio component assembly, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that in some examples the venting element may function as the membrane support (see Figures 3A to 3C ), and thus a fluid path can be defined that places two or more volumes in fluid communication. Figures 1A to 7F Any of the following examples described can be implemented with a ventilation element serving as a membrane support, or can be implemented otherwise with a membrane support and a different ventilation element. Thus, any function or feature described herein in relation to a ventilation element can also be applied to a membrane support, and vice versa.

[0047] In another aspect of the present disclosure, an enclosure or cover can be positioned over at least a portion of an audio component to prevent or inhibit auxiliary sound waves from negatively impacting the performance of the audio component. For example, when a microphone and a speaker are each in fluid communication with a common volume (e.g., the volume formed by the housing of a portable electronic device), sound waves generated by the speaker can propagate into the volume of the microphone and degrade or otherwise interfere with the performance of the microphone. The enclosure or cover can enable fluid communication between the microphone and the volume while preventing or inhibiting sound waves generated by the speaker from degrading the performance of the audio component.

[0048] In an example, the enclosure or cover can be impermeable to fluid except at a vent. The vent can enable fluid communication between the microphone and the volume so that pressure differentials between the microphone and the surrounding environment can be equalized. The enclosure or cover can be directly coupled to the audio component, the housing of the portable electronic device, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the enclosure or cover can be formed of a material that enables fluid communication but otherwise attenuates sound waves at least partially. For example, the enclosure or cover can include a porous material, such as a metal or an elastomeric open-cell foam. Figures 8 to 10 Let's discuss these and other examples.

[0049] The specific embodiments given herein with respect to these drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. In addition, as used herein, a system, method, article, component, feature, or sub-feature comprising at least one of a first option, a second option, or a third option should be understood to mean a system, method, article, component, feature, or sub-feature that can include one of each listed option (e.g., only one first option, only one second option, only one third option), multiple of a single listed option (e.g., two or more first options), two options simultaneously (e.g., one first option and one second option), or a combination thereof (e.g., two first options and one second option).

[0050] Figure 1A An example of a portable electronic device 100 is shown. Figure 1A The portable electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a watch, such as a smart watch. Figure 1A The smartwatch of is merely one representative example of a device that may be used in conjunction with the systems and methods disclosed herein. The portable electronic device 100 may correspond to any form of wearable electronic device, portable media player, media storage device, portable digital assistant ("PDA"), tablet computer, computer, mobile communication device, GPS unit, remote control device, or other electronic device. The portable electronic device 100 may also be referred to as an electronic device or a consumer device. In some examples, the portable electronic device 100 may include a housing 102 that may, for example, carry operating components within an interior volume at least partially defined by the housing 102. The electronic device 100 may also include a strap 104 or other retaining component that may secure the device 100 to the user's body as desired. Reference is made below to Figure 1B More details of the portable electronic device 100 are provided.

[0051] Figure 1B Shown Figure 1A10. The housing 102 may be a substantially continuous or unitary component and may define one or more openings 106, 108, 110, 112 to receive components of the portable electronic device 100 and / or provide access to internal portions of the electronic device 100. For example, one or more of the openings 106, 108, 110, 112 may provide fluid communication between an ambient environment external to the housing 102 and one or more internal volumes within the housing 102 and / or electronic components disposed within the housing 102. The electronic components may be disposed within the internal volumes at least partially defined by the housing 102 and may be attached to the housing 102 via adhesives, internal surfaces, attachment features, threaded connectors, studs, posts, or other features formed into, defined by, or otherwise becoming part of the housing 102 and / or the cover and / or back cover of the portable electronic device 100.

[0052] Figure 1C Shown Figure 1A A top cross-sectional view of a portable electronic device 100 is depicted. In some examples, the device 100 may include input components, such as one or more buttons 114 and / or a crown 116, which may be disposed in the openings 110, 112. An audio component assembly 118 may be disposed in an interior volume that communicates with the exterior or surrounding environment through the opening 108. In some examples, the audio component assembly 118 may include a microphone or a speaker. Other electronic components may be disposed within the interior volume of the housing 102, such as a tactile feedback module 120, a battery 122, and a speaker 124. Although the present disclosure only mentions some specific electronic components of the portable electronic device 100, it should be understood that the portable electronic device may include any number or type of electronic components that may be included in the portable electronic device 100. For example, the portable electronic device 100 may include a display, a main logic board having a system-in-package (SiP), one or more antennas, wireless communication circuitry, a camera, a second logic board, one or more sensors, and / or any other electronic components.

[0053] One or more of the electronic components provided within the portable electronic device 100 may include a film (see Figures 2 to 6C), the membrane requires ventilation to regulate the relative pressure within the volume to avoid damage to the membrane (e.g., inelastic deformation caused by relative pressure on the membrane) and / or to achieve satisfactory operation of the electronic components. For example, the audio component assembly 118 may include a membrane that at least partially defines a volume within the audio component assembly 118. This volume may require ventilation to regulate the relative pressure within the volume and prevent damage to the membrane and achieve effective function of the audio component assembly 118. In some examples, a venting element (such as a membrane support or other component) may define a fluid path between the volume of the audio component assembly 118 and the interior volume of the housing 102 (e.g., Figure 1C Thus, in some examples, the audio component assembly 118 can include a venting element that defines a fluid path (shown by arrow 126) to the interior volume of the housing 102 and various components disposed within the interior volume of the housing 102.

[0054] Figure 1D A block diagram of a portable electronic device 100 disposed in an ambient environment 128 is shown. The block diagram of the portable electronic device 100 includes a housing 102, an audio component assembly 118 having a membrane 130 and a ventilation element 132, and a housing vent 134. The membrane 130 can be non-porous or fluid-impermeable and can include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The membrane 130 can have a thickness of approximately 10 microns, between approximately 3 microns and approximately 7 microns, between approximately 7 microns and approximately 12 microns, or less than approximately 30 microns. The membrane 130 and the audio component assembly 118 can define or otherwise form an audio component volume 136.

[0055] The audio component volume 136 may experience changes in relative pressure (e.g., the pressure within the audio component volume 136 relative to the pressure of the surrounding environment 128 outside the audio component volume 136). For example, changes in temperature and / or atmospheric pressure may alter the relative pressure within the audio component volume 136. Fluctuations in relative pressure may degrade the membrane 130 or otherwise cause poor performance of the audio component assembly 118. In some examples, the audio component assembly 118 may include a membrane support (not shown). Although the membrane support may be positioned adjacent to the membrane 130 to limit inelastic deformation of the membrane 130, the membrane support cannot completely prevent degradation and damage to the membrane 130. Therefore, venting the audio component volume 136 may help regulate the relative pressure within the audio component volume 136, thereby preventing damage to the membrane 130. In some examples, the venting element 132 may provide a fluid path (shown by arrow 126) that places the audio component volume 136 in fluid communication with the volume defined by the housing (e.g., housing volume 138). The housing volume 138 can be in fluid communication with the housing vent 134 to provide pressure regulation between the housing volume 138 and the ambient environment 128. In other words, the absolute pressure within the housing volume 138 can be equalized or substantially equalized with the absolute pressure of the ambient environment 128. Because the venting element 132 provides fluid communication between the audio component volume 136 and the housing volume 138, the absolute pressure within the audio component volume 136 can also be equalized or substantially equalized with the absolute pressure of the ambient environment 128 via a fluid path (as indicated by arrow 126) that places the audio component volume 136 in fluid communication with the ambient environment 128 (i.e., through the housing volume 138 and the housing vent 134).

[0056] Any number or type of components in any configuration described herein may be included in a portable electronic device. The components may include any combination of features described herein and may be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a portable electronic device having a housing having the structure described herein and defining an internal volume, as well as the concepts regarding membranes and fluid paths, may be applied not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of examples in any combination. Figure 2 Examples of audio component assemblies for portable electronic devices are described that include components having various features in various arrangements.

[0057] Figure 2Shown is a cross-sectional view of an audio component assembly 200. Audio component assembly 200 may include housing 202, grille 204, membrane 206, venting element 208, gasket or seal 210 and electrical component 212. Housing 202 may include any desired material, such as a polymer material or plastic. Housing 202 may hold other components of audio component assembly 200 that may be attached thereto. In some examples, seal 210 may be attached, bonded or otherwise fixed to housing 202. Seal 210 may include a compliant material, such as a polymer material similar to rubber or plastic. In some examples, seal 210 may include silicone rubber. In some examples, seal 210 may be overmolded onto housing 202 and may directly contact housing 202 and the housing of a portable electronic device (not shown) to provide a seal or barrier between the surrounding environment (e.g., surrounding environment 128) and the internal volume (e.g., housing volume 138) of the device.

[0058] The grille 204 can be secured to the housing 202 and can act as a physical barrier to prevent objects (such as dust or rocks) from damaging the audio component assembly 200. The grille 204 can be permeable to air or liquid, and acoustic signals can pass through the grille to the membrane 206. The membrane 206 can move relative to sound waves applied to the membrane 206. Electrical components 212 within the audio component assembly 200 can convert the movement of the membrane 206 into an electrical signal that can be transmitted to other components of the portable electronic device (e.g., the portable electronic device 100). For example, the electrical components 212 can include one or more magnets, coils, wires, plates, capacitors, batteries, resistors, transistors, inductors, combinations thereof, or any other electrical components that can be used to manufacture an audio component.

[0059] In some examples, the venting element 208 can include one or more fluid-impermeable layers. In some examples, the one or more fluid-impermeable layers can define a surface of the venting element. The membrane 206 and other elements of the audio component assembly 200 can define an audio component volume 214. In some examples, where the audio component assembly 200 is included in an interior volume of an electronic device, the audio component volume 214 can be referred to as a second interior volume. For example, the membrane 206 and one or more of the housing 202, the seal 210, and the electrical components 212 can form or define the audio component volume 214. The venting element 208 can define a fluid path 216 that extends substantially parallel to the one or more fluid-impermeable layers and / or one or more surfaces defined by the fluid-impermeable layers and places the audio component volume 214 in contact with the interior volume 238 of the device (e.g., Figure 1DThe housing volume 138 shown is fluidly connected to the housing volume 138. In some examples, the venting element 208 can be positioned adjacent to the membrane 206 and can serve as a membrane support element. That is, the venting element 208 can provide a stop or reinforcement that interfaces with the membrane 206 when the membrane 206 is deformed into the venting element 208. Additionally or alternatively, the audio component assembly 200 can include a different and separate membrane support element positioned adjacent to the venting element 208 (see Figures 4A to 6C ).

[0060] Any number or type of components in any configuration described herein may be included in a portable electronic device. The components may include any combination of features described herein and may be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a portable electronic device having a housing having the structure described herein and defining an internal volume, as well as the concepts regarding membranes and fluid paths, may be applied not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of examples in any combination. Figures 3A to 3C Examples of audio component assemblies for portable electronic devices are described that include components having various features in various arrangements.

[0061] Figure 3A Shown is a cross-sectional view of an audio component assembly 300 disposed in a housing 301 of a portable electronic device. Audio component assembly 300 may include housing 302, grille 304, film 306, ventilating element 308, gasket or seal 310, and electrical component 312. Housing 302 may include substantially similar features and functions to other housings described herein (e.g., housing 202). Grille 304 may include substantially similar features and functions to other grilles described herein (e.g., grille 204). Film 306 may include substantially similar features and functions to other films described herein (e.g., film 206). Seal 310 may include substantially similar features and functions to other seals described herein (e.g., seal 210). Electrical component 312 may include substantially similar features and functions to other electrical components described herein (e.g., electrical component 212).

[0062] In some examples, the venting element 308 can include a fluid-impermeable layer 314 and one or more apertures 316 extending through the venting element 308. In some examples, the fluid-impermeable layer 314 can define a surface of the venting element 308. The fluid-impermeable layer 314 can include a heat-activated film (HAF), a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape (PSA), a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), combinations thereof, or any other polymer-based material.

[0063] like Figure 3B As shown, the vent element 308 may be planar and form a circular profile. Figure 3BThe venting element 308 depicted in FIG has a circular profile, but the venting element 308 can have a profile similar to any geometric shape, such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle, a combination thereof, or any other geometric shape. One or more holes 316 can enable fluid communication between the membrane 306 and the electrical component 312. For example, movement of the membrane 306 can cause air to travel through the internal volume 318 formed in the audio component assembly 300. In this example, the venting element 308 can serve as a membrane support, as described herein.

[0064] The venting element 308 may serve as a venting element that defines or forms a fluid path extending parallel or substantially parallel to the fluid impermeable layer 314 (in the embodiment of FIG. Figure 3A 317). The fluid path can place the interior volume 318 of the audio component assembly 300 in fluid communication with a volume external to the audio component assembly 300. For example, the fluid impermeable layer 314 can form or define a channel 320 that acts as a fluid path for placing the interior volume 318 in fluid communication with another volume external to the audio component assembly 300. The channel 320 can spiral from a central portion 322 of the venting element 308 to a periphery 324 of the venting element 308. Although the channel 320 is in the Figure 3B 314, but those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the fluid path may be defined by one or more channels having any of a variety of shapes, lengths, and locations around the fluid impermeable layer 314. In some examples, the venting element 308 may include one or more linear and / or curved channels, each extending radially from a central portion 322 of the venting element 308 to a perimeter 324 of the venting element 308.

[0065] In some examples, the channel 320 can enable air to flow through the channel 320 to adjust the relative pressure within the interior volume 318 of the audio component assembly 300. Additionally or alternatively, the channel 320 can attenuate sound waves traveling within the channel 320 to reduce or prevent loss of functionality of the audio component assembly 300. For example, the audio component assembly 300 can be disposed within the housing 301 of a portable electronic device and require ventilation through the same portion of the housing 301 that forms the rear volume of the portable electronic device's speaker. In this example, the fluid path defined by the channel 320 to ventilate the relative pressure can also enable sound waves from the speaker to travel to the audio component assembly 300 (e.g., through the fluid path), thereby reducing or diminishing the functionality of the audio component assembly 300. Thus, the channel 320 can be designed to reduce or otherwise attenuate sound waves traveling through the channel 320. For example, the properties of the channel 320 can be varied so that the channel 320 acts as a low-pass filter that attenuates or reduces sound waves having wavelengths above 20 Hz.

[0066] The attribute of passage 320 may include width, length, depth, cross-sectional geometry or a combination thereof. Any one of the width, depth and / or cross-sectional geometry of passage 320 may vary along the length of passage 320. For example, the width of passage 320 may narrow near the periphery 324 of ventilation element 308 and widen near the center 322 of ventilation element 308. Similarly, the depth of passage may be shallower near the periphery 324 of ventilation element 308 and deeper near the center 322 of ventilation element 308. Cross-sectional shape (for example, the shape of the length intercepted through the passage of passage 320) may be rectangular, trapezoidal, circular, elliptical, triangular or any other geometric shape. In addition, in some examples, the cross-sectional shape of passage 320 may vary along the length of passage 320.

[0067] In some examples, the venting element 308 may include one or more protrusions positioned along the length of the channel 320. Figure 3C As shown, the venting element 308 may include a plurality of protrusions 326 disposed on a floor or base 328 of the channel 320. The protrusions 326 may be disposed within the channel 320 to attenuate or further attenuate sound waves traveling through the channel 320. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the protrusions 326 may be disposed on a sidewall 330 of the channel 320 to attenuate or further attenuate sound waves traveling through the channel 320. Each of the protrusions 326 may extend from a base 328 and / or sidewall 330 of the channel 320. The protrusions 326 may be deposited, printed, machined, adhered, attached, etched, molded, or otherwise disposed on the base 328 and / or sidewall 330 of the channel 320.

[0068] While the channels 320 are described as being formed on the fluid-impermeable layer 314 of the venting element 308 , in other examples, the channels 320 may also or alternatively be formed on the fluid-impermeable layer of a separate and distinct venting element positioned adjacent to the venting element 308 .

[0069] Any number or type of components in any configuration described herein may be included in a portable electronic device. The components may include any combination of features described herein and may be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a portable electronic device having a housing having the structure described herein and defining an internal volume, as well as the concepts regarding membranes and fluid paths, may be applied not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of examples in any combination. Examples of audio component assemblies for portable electronic devices that include venting elements are described below with reference to Figures 4A to 7F Provide a description.

[0070] Figure 4AShown is a cross-sectional view of an audio component assembly 400 arranged in the housing 401 of a portable electronic device.Audio component assembly 400 may include housing 402, grille 404, film 406, film support 408, gasket or seal 410, electrical component 412 and ventilation element 414. Housing 402 may include substantially similar features and functions to other housings as described herein (e.g., housing 202, 302). Grille 404 may include substantially similar features and functions to other grilles as described herein (e.g., grille 204, 304). Film 406 may include substantially similar features and functions to other films as described herein (e.g., film 206, 306). Film support 408 may include substantially similar features and functions to other film supports as described herein (e.g., ventilation element 208, 308). Alternatively, film support 408 may not have any channel (e.g., channel 320), and simply provides support (e.g., limiting the inelastic deformation of film 406) to film as reinforcement. The seal 410 may include substantially similar features and functionality as other seals described herein (eg, seals 210, 310). The electrical component 412 may include substantially similar features and functionality as other electrical components described herein (eg, electrical components 212, 312).

[0071] In some examples, a venting element 414 may be positioned adjacent to the membrane support 408 and define a fluid path ( Figure 4A 4 (depicted as arrow 417 in the figure), the fluid path places the interior volume 416 of the audio component assembly 400 in fluid communication with a volume external to the audio component assembly 400. Figures 4A to 4C As shown, ventilation element 414 may include a first fluid-impermeable layer 418A, a second fluid-impermeable layer 418B, and a porous material 420 disposed between the first fluid-impermeable layer 418A and the second fluid-impermeable layer 418B. In some examples, fluid-impermeable layers 418A and 418B may define the surface of ventilation element 414. Porous material 420 may include metal, metal alloy, polymer, ceramic or a combination thereof. For example, porous material 420 may be made of metal foam. Porous material 420 may adhere to or otherwise attach to the first fluid-impermeable layer 418A and the second fluid-impermeable layer 418B by, for example, adhesive, molding, welding, printing or any other mechanism for attaching the first fluid-impermeable layer 418A and the second fluid-impermeable layer 418B to the porous material 420. A fluid path may extend from the central hole 422 of ventilation element 414 to the periphery 424 of ventilation element 414. One or more of the fluid-impermeable layers 418A, 418B may include a heat activated film (HAF), a pressure sensitive adhesive tape (PSA), a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), combinations thereof, or any other polymer-based material.

[0072] In one embodiment, the porous material 420 is provided with a plurality of holes, for example, ...

[0073] The properties of the ventilation element 414 may include the porosity of the porous material 420, the thickness of the porous material 420, the diameter of the central hole 422, or a combination thereof. For example, when the porous material 420 has a relatively large thickness and / or includes a material with a relatively high porosity, relatively more fluid flow can be achieved through the ventilation element 414.

[0074] like Figure 4B As shown, the ventilation element can be planar and form a circular profile. Figure 4B The vent element 414 is depicted as having a circular profile, but the vent element 414 can have a profile similar to any geometric shape, such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle, combinations thereof, or any other geometric shape. The central hole 422 can enable fluid communication between the membrane 406 and the electrical component 412. For example, movement of the membrane 406 can cause air to travel through the interior volume 416 formed within the audio component assembly 400.

[0075] While the fluid path is described as being formed within the vent element 414, in other examples, the fluid path may also or alternatively be formed within the membrane support 408. For example, the membrane support 408 may include a porous material disposed between a first fluid-impermeable layer and a second fluid-impermeable layer.

[0076] Figure 5AShown is a cross-sectional view of an audio component assembly 500 arranged in the housing 501 of a portable electronic device.Audio component assembly 500 may include housing 502, grille 504, film 506, film support 508, gasket or seal 510, electrical component 512 and ventilation element 514. Housing 502 may include substantially similar features and functions with other housings as described herein (e.g., housing 202,302,402). Grille 504 may include substantially similar features and functions with other grilles as described herein (e.g., grille 204,304,404). Film 506 may include substantially similar features and functions with other films as described herein (e.g., film 206,306,406). Film support 508 may include substantially similar features and functions with other film supports as described herein (e.g., ventilation element 208,308). Alternatively, the membrane support 508 may lack any channels (e.g., channels 320) and simply serve as a reinforcement to provide support to the membrane (e.g., to limit inelastic deformation of the membrane 506). The seal 510 may include substantially similar features and functionality as other seals described herein (e.g., seals 210, 310, 410). The electrical component 512 may include substantially similar features and functionality as other electrical components described herein (e.g., electrical components 212, 312, 412).

[0077] In some examples, a venting element 514 can be positioned adjacent to the membrane support 508 and define a fluid path that places an interior volume 516 of the audio component assembly 500 in fluid communication with a volume external to the audio component assembly 500. Figures 5A to 5C As shown, the ventilation element 514 may include a first fluid-impermeable layer 518A, a second fluid-impermeable layer 518B, and a coil 520 disposed between the first fluid-impermeable layer 518A and the second fluid-impermeable layer 518B. In some examples, the fluid-impermeable layers 518A and 518B may define the surface of the ventilation element 514. The coil 520 may include a metal, a metal alloy, a polymer, a ceramic, or a combination thereof. For example, the coil 520 may be a coiled copper wire having a diameter of approximately 50 microns, less than 10 microns, between approximately 10 microns and approximately 20 microns, between approximately 20 microns and approximately 40 microns, between approximately 40 microns and approximately 60 microns, or less than approximately 200 microns.

[0078] The coil 520 may be adhered or otherwise attached to the first and second fluid-impermeable layers 518A, 518B using adhesives, welding, fasteners, molding, or a combination thereof. The coil 520 and the first and second fluid-impermeable layers 518A, 518B may form a gap 526 within the ventilation element 514 that may define one or more fluid pathways ( Figure 5A517). The fluid path defined by the vent element 514 can extend from the central aperture 522 of the vent element 514 to the periphery 524 of the vent element 514. One or more of the fluid-impermeable layers 518A, 518B can include a heat activated film (HAF), a pressure sensitive adhesive tape (PSA), a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), combinations thereof, or any other polymer-based material.

[0079] Additionally or alternatively, ventilation element 514 can make sound wave attenuation to reduce or prevent the loss of the function of audio component assembly 500.For example, audio component assembly 500 can be arranged in the housing 501 of portable electronic device, and needs to be ventilated by the same part of the rear volume of the loudspeaker of the formation portable electronic device of housing 501.In this example, the fluid path limited by ventilation element 514 to relative pressure ventilation can also make the sound wave from loudspeaker can (for example, by fluid path) travel to audio component assembly 500, thereby reduce or weaken the function of audio component assembly 500.Therefore, ventilation element 514 can be designed to reduce or otherwise attenuate the sound wave that travels through ventilation element 514.For example, the attribute of ventilation element 514 can change so that ventilation element 514 is used as low-pass filter, and this low-pass filter attenuates or reduces the sound wave with the wavelength higher than 20Hz.

[0080] The properties of the venting element 514 may include the diameter of the coil 520, the cross-sectional shape of the coil 520, the size or volume of the gap 526, the diameter of the central aperture 522, the number of turns forming the coil 520, or a combination thereof. For example, when the gap 526 formed between the coil 520 and the first fluid-impermeable layer 518A and the second fluid-impermeable layer 518B defines a relatively large volume, relatively more fluid flow may be achieved through the venting element 514. Thus, the diameter of the coil 520, the cross-sectional shape of the coil 520, or a combination thereof may be manipulated to allow greater fluid flow through the gap 526 within the venting element 514.

[0081] like Figure 5B As shown, the vent element 514 can be planar and form a circular profile. Figure 5B The vent element 514 is depicted as having a circular profile, but the vent element 514 can have a profile similar to any geometric shape, such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle, a combination thereof, or any other geometric shape. The central hole 522 can enable fluid communication between the membrane 506 and the electrical component 512. For example, movement of the membrane 506 can cause air to travel through the interior volume 516 formed within the audio component assembly 500.

[0082] While the fluid path is described as being formed within the venting element 514, in other examples, the fluid path may also or alternatively be formed within the membrane support 508. For example, the membrane support 508 may include a coil disposed between a first fluid-impermeable layer and a second fluid-impermeable layer.

[0083] Figure 6A Shown is a cross-sectional view of an audio component assembly 600. Audio component assembly 600 may include housing 602, grille 604, film 606, film support 608, gasket or seal 610, electrical component 612 and ventilation element 614. Housing 602 may include substantially similar features and functions with other housings as described herein (e.g., housing 202,302,402,502). Grille 604 may include substantially similar features and functions with other grilles as described herein (e.g., grille 204,304,404,504). Film 606 may include substantially similar features and functions with other films as described herein (e.g., film 206,306,406,506). Film support 608 may include substantially similar features and functions with other film supports as described herein (e.g., ventilation element 208,308,408,508). Alternatively, the membrane support 608 may lack any channels (e.g., channels 320) and simply serve as a reinforcement to provide support to the membrane (e.g., to limit inelastic deformation of the membrane 606). The seal 610 may include substantially similar features and functionality as other seals described herein (e.g., seals 210, 310, 410, 510). The electrical component 612 may include substantially similar features and functionality as other electrical components described herein (e.g., electrical components 212, 312, 412, 512).

[0084] In some examples, a venting element 614 can be positioned adjacent to the membrane support 608 and define a fluid path that places an interior volume 616 of the audio component assembly 600 in fluid communication with a volume external to the audio component assembly 600. Figures 6A to 6C As shown, the ventilation element 614 may include a first fluid-impermeable layer 618A, a second fluid-impermeable layer 618B, and a coiled tube 620 disposed between the first fluid-impermeable layer 618A and the second fluid-impermeable layer 618B. In some examples, the fluid-impermeable layers 618A, 618B may define the surface of the ventilation element 614. The coiled tube 620 may include a metal, a metal alloy, a polymer, a ceramic, or a combination thereof. For example, the coiled tube 620 may include a metal alloy tube coiled around a central axis. In some examples, the first fluid-impermeable layer 618A and the second fluid-impermeable layer 618B may include a resin or a curable adhesive that is poured over the coiled tube 620 to form the ventilation element 614. As shown in FIG. Figure 6CAs shown, the first and second fluid-impermeable layers 618A, 618B can be formed from a single material that envelops the coiled tube 620. Alternatively, the first and second fluid-impermeable layers 618A, 618B can be formed from segments of different materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or some other polymer, adhered or otherwise attached to the coiled tube 620 using adhesives, welding, fasteners, molding, or a combination thereof. The coiled tube 620 can form a conduit 626 (i.e., a fluid path) that extends from the central hole 622 of the venting element 614 to the periphery 624 of the venting element 614. The conduit 626 can have a diameter of approximately 50 microns, less than 10 microns, between approximately 10 microns and approximately 20 microns, between approximately 20 microns and approximately 40 microns, between approximately 40 microns and approximately 60 microns, or less than approximately 200 microns in diameter.

[0085] Additionally or alternatively, ventilation element 614 can make sound wave attenuation to reduce or prevent the loss of the function of audio component assembly 600.For example, audio component assembly 600 can be arranged in the shell of portable electronic device, and needs to be ventilated by the same part of the rear volume of the loudspeaker of the formation portable electronic device of shell.In this example, the fluid path limited to relative pressure ventilation by ventilation element 614 can also make the sound wave from loudspeaker can (for example, by fluid path) travel to audio component assembly 600, thereby reduce or weaken the function of audio component assembly 600.Therefore, ventilation element 614 can be designed to make the sound wave that travels through ventilation element 614 reduce or otherwise attenuate.For example, the attribute of ventilation element 614 can change so that ventilation element 514 is used as low-pass filter, and this low-pass filter makes the sound wave attenuation or reduction with the wavelength higher than 20Hz.

[0086] The properties of the vent element 614 may include the outer diameter of the coiled tube 620, the cross-sectional shape of the coiled tube 620, the inner diameter of the coiled tube 620 (e.g., the diameter of the conduit 626), the diameter of the central hole 622, or a combination thereof. For example, when the inner diameter of the coiled tube 620 (e.g., the diameter of the conduit 626) is relatively large, relatively more fluid flow may be achieved through the vent element 614. Therefore, the diameter of the conduit 626 may be selected to allow a greater amount of fluid to flow through the vent element 614.

[0087] like Figure 6B As shown, the vent element 614 can be planar and form a circular profile. Figure 6BThe vent element 614 is depicted as having a circular profile, but the vent element 614 can have a profile similar to any geometric shape, such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle, a combination thereof, or any other geometric shape. The central hole 622 can enable fluid communication between the membrane 606 and the electrical component 612. For example, movement of the membrane 606 can cause air to travel through the interior volume 616 formed within the audio component assembly 600.

[0088] While the fluid path is described as being formed within the venting element 614, in other examples, the fluid path may also or alternatively be formed within the membrane support 608. For example, the membrane support 608 may include a coiled tube disposed between a first fluid-impermeable layer and a second fluid-impermeable layer.

[0089] Figure 7A Shown is a cross-sectional view of an audio component assembly 700 arranged in a housing 701 of a portable electronic device.Audio component assembly 700 may include housing 702, grille 704, film 706, film support 708, gasket or seal 710, electrical component 712 and ventilation element 714. Housing 702 may include substantially similar features and functions to other housings as described herein (e.g., housing 202,302,402,502). Grille 704 may include substantially similar features and functions to other grilles as described herein (e.g., grille 204,304,404,504). Film 706 may include substantially similar features and functions to other films as described herein (e.g., film 206,306,406,506). Film support 708 may include substantially similar features and functions to other film supports as described herein (e.g., ventilation element 208,308,408,508). Alternatively, the membrane support 708 may lack any channels (e.g., channels 320) and simply serve as a reinforcement to provide support to the membrane (e.g., to limit inelastic deformation of the membrane 706). The seal 710 may include substantially similar features and functionality as other seals described herein (e.g., seals 210, 310, 410, 510). The electrical component 712 may include substantially similar features and functionality as other electrical components described herein (e.g., electrical components 212, 312, 412, 512).

[0090] like Figure 7B As shown, the venting element 714 can be planar and form a circular profile. Figure 7BThe vent element 714 is depicted as having a circular profile, but the vent element 714 can have a profile similar to any geometric shape, such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle, a combination thereof, or any other geometric shape. The central hole 722 can enable fluid communication between the membrane 706 and the electrical component 712. For example, movement of the membrane 706 can cause air to travel through the interior volume 716 formed within the audio component assembly 700.

[0091] Although the fluid path is described as being formed within the venting element 714, in other examples, the fluid path may also or alternatively be formed within the membrane support 708. For example, the membrane support 708 may include a porous material disposed between a first fluid-impermeable layer and a second fluid-impermeable layer.

[0092] In some examples, the venting element 714 can be positioned adjacent to the membrane support 708 and define a fluid path ( Figure 7A and Figure 7F 7 (depicted as arrow 717 in the figure), the fluid path places the interior volume 716 of the audio component assembly 700 in fluid communication with a volume external to the audio component assembly 700. 7A to 7F As shown, the ventilation element 714 may include a first fluid-impermeable layer 718A, a second fluid-impermeable layer 718B, and a fluid-permeable intermediate layer 720 disposed between the first fluid-impermeable layer 718A and the second fluid-impermeable layer 718B. In some examples, the fluid-impermeable layers 718A and 718B may define the surface of the ventilation element 714. The fluid-permeable intermediate layer 720 may include a metal, a metal alloy, a polymer, a ceramic, or a combination thereof. For example, the fluid-permeable intermediate layer 720 may be made of a porous metal such as metal foam, thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV), or any other fluid-permeable material. The fluid-permeable intermediate layer 720 may, for example, utilize an adhesive, molding, welding, printing, or any other mechanism for attaching the first fluid-impermeable layer 718A and the second fluid-impermeable layer 718B to the fluid-permeable intermediate layer 720 to adhere or otherwise attach to the first fluid-impermeable layer 718A and the second fluid-impermeable layer 718B. One or more of the fluid-impermeable layers 718A, 718B may include a heat activated film (HAF), a pressure sensitive adhesive tape (PSA), a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), combinations thereof, or any other polymer-based material.

[0093] In an example, the fluid path can extend from the central hole 722 or central portion of the venting element 714 to the periphery 724 of the venting element 714. For example, the first fluid-impermeable layer 718A can at least partially form a first channel 726A extending from the central hole 722 into the first fluid-impermeable layer 718A. In some examples, the first channel 726A can be formed by the first fluid-impermeable layer 718A and another component of the audio component assembly 700 (e.g., a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) between the membrane support 708 or a component of the audio component assembly). The first channel 726A can have a width W1 that varies along the length L1 of the first channel 726A. For example, the width W1 of the first channel 726A can be larger or wider adjacent to the central hole 722 and can narrow as the first channel 726A extends toward the periphery 724.

[0094] In an example, the second fluid-impermeable layer 718B can at least partially form a second channel 726B extending from the perimeter 724 into the second fluid-impermeable layer 718B. In some examples, the second channel 726B can be formed by a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) between the second fluid-impermeable layer 718B and another component of the audio component assembly 700 (e.g., the spacer 728 or a component of the audio component assembly). The second channel 726B can have a width W2 that varies along the length L2 of the second channel 726B. For example, the width W2 of the second channel 726B can be larger or wider adjacent the perimeter 724 and can narrow as the second channel 726B extends toward the center hole 724.

[0095] like Figures 7B to 7E As shown, in some examples, each of the first channel 726A and the second channel 726B can be flared or expanded to facilitate alignment of the first channel 726A and the second channel 726B during manufacturing. In other words, the first channel 726A and the second channel 726B can be slightly misaligned and still form a fluid path because less manufacturing precision is required to overlap the flared profiles of each of the first channel 726A and the second channel 726B. Figures 7B to 7E , the profile or shape of each of the first and second channels 726A, 726B can resemble any geometric shape capable of providing the features disclosed herein. For example, one or more of the first and second channels 726A, 726B can resemble a triangle, a circle, a square, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a diamond, an ellipse, a pentagon, another geometric shape, a free-form shape, or a combination thereof.

[0096] Figure 7D726B. T , such that region 730 enables fluid (e.g., air) to flow between first channel 726A and second channel 726B. First channel 726A and second channel 726B and region 730 can form at least a portion of a fluid path that enables pressure within volume 716 to be vented, for example, when membrane 706 is biased by atmospheric pressure of an environment external to the portable electronic device.

[0097] In some examples, distances D1 and D2 may be equal or substantially equal. When distance D1 is equal or substantially equal to distance D2, region 730 may encompass a total distance D1. T centered (e.g., centered about midway between perimeter 724 and central aperture 722). In some examples, distance D1 may be greater than or less than distance D2. When distance D1 is greater than or less than distance D2, region 730 may be positioned closer to central aperture 722 or perimeter 724. For example, when distance D1 is greater than distance D2, region 730 may be positioned closer to or closer to perimeter 724 than central aperture 722.

[0098] The respective distances (e.g., distance D1 and distance D2) that the first channel 726A and the second channel 726B extend can form or define the size and shape of the region 730. For example, Figure 7E As shown, relatively large distances (e.g., distance D3 and distance D4) may form a relatively large region 730 (i.e., larger than the distances represented by Figure 7D The area 730 of the fluid permeable intermediate layer 720 that enables fluid communication between the first channel 726A and the second channel 726B may be at least 0.005 mm in size. 2 , about 0.005mm 2 to about 0.01mm 2 , about 0.01mm 2 to about 0.03mm 2 , about 0.03mm 2 to about 0.05mm2 , about 0.05mm 2 to about 0.07mm 2 , about 0.07mm 2 to about 0.1mm 2 or greater than 0.1mm 2 .

[0099] The size of the region 730, the thickness of the fluid-permeable intermediate layer 720, and the material or materials of the fluid-permeable intermediate layer 720 can determine the amount of fluid that can pass through the fluid path. In some examples, the thickness of the fluid-permeable intermediate layer 720 can be at least 5 μm, about 5 μm to about 15 μm, about 15 μm to about 20 μm, about 20 μm to about 25 μm, about 25 μm to about 30 μm, about 30 μm to about 40 μm, about 40 μm to about 60 μm, or greater than 60 μm. In some examples, the airflow rate along the fluid path defined by the ventilation element 714 can be at least 0.5 SCCM at 0.1 bar, about 1 SCCM at 0.1 bar to about 1.5 SCCM at 0.1 bar, about 1.5 SCCM at 0.1 bar to about 2 SCCM at 0.1 bar, about 2 SCCM at 0.1 bar to about 4 SCCM at 0.1 bar, about 4 SCCM at 0.1 bar to about 8 SCCM at 0.1 bar, or greater than 8 SCCM at 0.1 bar. Although this range of airflow rate refers to 7A to 7F The examples shown are described, but these airflow rates also apply to Figures 2 to 6C The examples shown and Figures 8 to 10 Example shown.

[0100] In addition, fluid permeation intermediate layer 720 can make the sound wave that travels in ventilating element 714 attenuate to reduce or prevent the loss of the function of audio component assembly 700.For example, audio component assembly 700 can be arranged in the shell 701 of portable electronic device and need to be ventilated by the same part of the rear volume of the loudspeaker that forms portable electronic device of shell 701.In this example, the fluid path that is limited to relative pressure ventilation by ventilating element 714 can also make the sound wave from loudspeaker can (for example, by fluid path) travel to audio component assembly 700, thereby reduce or weaken the function of audio component assembly 700.Therefore, ventilating element 714 can be designed to make the sound wave that travels through ventilating element 714 reduce or otherwise attenuate.For example, the attribute of ventilating element 714 can change so that ventilating element 714 is used as low-pass filter, and this low-pass filter makes the sound wave attenuation or reduction with the wavelength higher than 20Hz. The properties of the ventilation element 714 may include the porosity or permeability of the fluid permeable intermediate layer 720, the thickness of the fluid permeable intermediate layer 720, the diameter of the central hole 722, the area and size of the region 730, the respective thicknesses of the first fluid impermeable layer 718A and the second fluid impermeable layer 718B, or a combination thereof.

[0101] Figure 7F A cross-sectional view of a ventilation element 714 is shown, which includes a first fluid-impermeable layer 718A and a second fluid-impermeable layer 718B, a fluid-permeable intermediate layer 720, and a fluid path 717 extending through an area 730. In some examples, the portion of the fluid path 717 extending through the fluid-permeable intermediate layer 720 can be tortuous or nonlinear to attenuate or reflect sound waves propagating along the fluid path 717.

[0102] Any number or type of components in any configuration described herein may be included in a portable electronic device. The components may include any combination of features described herein and may be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a portable electronic device having a housing having the structure described herein and defining an internal volume, as well as the concepts regarding membranes and fluid paths, may be applied not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of examples in any combination. Examples of audio component assemblies for portable electronic devices including housings are described below with reference to Figures 8 to 10 Provide a description.

[0103] Figure 8A cross-sectional view of a portable electronic device 800 is shown that includes a housing 802 and an audio component assembly 804 disposed within the housing 802. The audio component assembly 804 may include features and components that are functionally substantially similar to other audio component assemblies described herein (e.g., any one or more of the audio component assemblies 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700). For example, the audio component volume 806 may experience changes in relative pressure (e.g., the pressure within the audio component volume 806 relative to the pressure of the surrounding environment 808 outside the audio component volume 806). For example, changes in temperature and / or atmospheric pressure may alter the relative pressure within the audio component volume 806. Fluctuations in relative pressure may degrade components (e.g., a membrane) of the audio component assembly 804 or otherwise cause the audio component assembly 804 to perform poorly.

[0104] Thus, venting the audio component volume 806 can help regulate the relative pressure within the audio component volume 806, thereby preventing damage to the audio component assembly 804. In some examples, a venting element (e.g., venting elements 132, 208, 308, 414, 514, 614, 714) can provide a fluid path (shown by arrow 810) that places the audio component volume 806 in fluid communication with an exterior volume 812 defined by the housing 802. However, other components within the housing 802 can interfere with or negatively impact the performance of the audio component assembly 804. For example, a speaker 814 disposed within the housing 802 can emit one or more sound waves 816 that can propagate through the fluid path 810 and negatively impact the performance of the audio component assembly 804.

[0105] In some examples, the audio component assembly 804 may include an enclosure 818 having one or more vents 820 that inhibit or prevent one or more sound waves 816 from propagating into the audio component volume 806, but still provide fluid communication between the audio component volume 806 and the external volume 812. In an example, the enclosure 818 may be fluid-impermeable except at the vents 820. The vents 820 may enable fluid communication between the audio component volume 806 and the external volume 812, so that the pressure difference between the audio component volume 806 and the surrounding environment 808 may be at least partially equalized. The vents 820 may be formed of a material that enables fluid communication but otherwise attenuates the sound waves 816 at least partially. For example, the vents 820 may include a porous material, such as metal or a polymer-based open-cell foam, that enables fluid to pass through the vents 820. The vents 820 may be attached to the enclosure 818 using an adhesive, one or more fasteners, molding, co-molding, welding (e.g., ultrasonic welding), or a combination thereof. Although the vents 820 are shown on a particular sidewall 824B of the enclosure 818 , the vents 820 may be positioned on any sidewall (eg, sidewalls 824A, 824B, 824C) or other surface of the enclosure 818 .

[0106] The enclosure 818 can be directly coupled to the audio component assembly 804, the housing 802 of the portable electronic device 800, or a combination thereof. For example, the enclosure 818 can be press-fit, fastened, adhered, molded, or otherwise attached to the audio component assembly 804, such as Figure 8 As shown. Enclosure 818 can at least partially define an intermediate volume 822 that is in fluid communication with both audio component volume 806 and exterior volume 812. Enclosure 818 can comprise metal, ceramic, polymer, or a combination thereof. For example, enclosure 818 can be formed from a stamped aluminum sheet or machined aluminum billet. Enclosure 818 can be molded, machined, stamped, cast, or manufactured by any other method.

[0107] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of a portable electronic device 900 is shown that includes a housing 902 and an audio component assembly 904 disposed within the housing 902. The audio component assembly 904 may include features and components that are functionally substantially similar to other audio component assemblies described herein (e.g., any one or more of the audio component assemblies 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 804). The audio component assembly 904 may define or form an audio component assembly volume 906. The pressure within the volume 906 may vary relative to the atmospheric pressure of an ambient environment 908 external to the housing 902.

[0108] In some examples, venting elements (e.g., venting elements 132, 208, 308, 414, 514, 614, 714) can provide a fluid path (indicated by arrow 910) that places the audio component volume 906 in fluid communication with an exterior volume 912 defined by the housing 902. However, other components within the housing 902 can interfere with or negatively impact the performance of the audio component assembly 904. For example, a speaker 914 disposed within the housing 902 can emit one or more sound waves 916 that can propagate through the fluid path 910 and negatively impact the performance of the audio component assembly 904.

[0109] In some examples, the audio component assembly 904 may be substantially surrounded by an enclosure 918 having one or more vents 920 that inhibit or prevent one or more sound waves 916 from propagating into the audio component volume 906, while still providing fluid communication between the audio component volume 906 and the external volume 912. In an example, the enclosure 818 may be fluid-impermeable except at the vents 820. The vents 920 may enable fluid communication between the audio component volume 906 and the external volume 912, such that pressure differentials between the audio component volume 906 and the surrounding environment 908 may be equalized. The vents 920 may be formed of a material that enables fluid communication but otherwise attenuates the sound waves 916 at least partially. For example, the vents 920 may include a porous material, such as metal or a polymer-based open-cell foam, that enables fluid to pass through the vents 920. The vents 920 may be attached to the enclosure 918 using an adhesive, one or more fasteners, molding, co-molding, welding (e.g., ultrasonic welding), or a combination thereof. While vents 920 are shown on a particular sidewall 924B of enclosure 918 , one or more vents 920 may be positioned on one or more sidewalls (eg, sidewalls 924A, 924B, 924C) or any other surface of enclosure 918 .

[0110] The enclosure 918 can be directly coupled to the audio component assembly 904, the housing 902 of the portable electronic device 900, or a combination thereof. For example, the enclosure 918 can be fastened, adhered, molded, or otherwise attached to the housing 902. The enclosure 918 can at least partially form an intermediate volume 922 that is in fluid communication with both the audio component volume 906 and the external volume 912. The enclosure 918 can comprise metal, ceramic, a polymer, or a combination thereof. For example, the enclosure 918 can be formed from a stamped aluminum sheet or a machined aluminum billet. The enclosure 918 can be molded, machined, stamped, cast, or manufactured by any other method thereof.

[0111] Figure 10A cross-sectional view of a portable electronic device 1000 is shown that includes a housing 1002 and an audio component assembly 1004 disposed within the housing 1002. The audio component assembly 1004 may include features and components that are functionally substantially similar to other audio component assemblies described herein (e.g., any one or more of the audio component assemblies 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 804, 904). The audio component assembly 1004 may define or form an audio component assembly volume 1006. The pressure within the volume 1006 may vary relative to the atmospheric pressure of an ambient environment 1008 outside the housing 1002.

[0112] In some examples, venting elements (e.g., venting elements 132, 208, 308, 414, 514, 614, 714) may provide a fluid path (indicated by arrow 1010) that places the audio component volume 1006 in fluid communication with an exterior volume 1012 defined by the housing 1002. However, other components within the housing 1002 may interfere with or negatively impact the performance of the audio component assembly 1004. For example, a speaker 1014 disposed within the housing 1002 may emit one or more sound waves 1016 that may propagate through the fluid path 1010 and negatively impact the performance of the audio component assembly 1004.

[0113] In some examples, the audio component assembly 1004 can be substantially surrounded by an enclosure 1018 that inhibits or limits the propagation of one or more sound waves 1016 into the audio component volume 1006, while still providing fluid communication between the audio component volume 1006 and the external volume 1012. In an example, the enclosure 1018 can be fluid-permeable to enable fluid communication between the audio component volume 1006 and the external volume 1012, so that pressure differentials between the audio component volume 1006 and the surrounding environment 1008 can be equalized. The enclosure 1018 can be formed from one or more materials that enable fluid communication but otherwise attenuate the sound waves 1016 at least partially. For example, the enclosure 1018 can include a fluid-permeable layer 1020 (such as metal or a polymer-based open-cell foam) that enables fluid to flow through the enclosure 1018 while reducing or hindering the propagation of sound waves into the audio component volume 1006. The fluid permeable layer 1020 may be attached to a support structure 1022 positioned around the audio component assembly 1004 .

[0114] In an example, the support structure 1022 may be a rigid structure that supports the fluid permeable layer 1020 in a fixed position relative to the audio component assembly 1004. For example, the support structure 1022 may be stamped, machined, cast, or molded from a semi-rigid material (e.g., a polymer, ceramic, metal, or combinations thereof).

[0115] The enclosure 1018 can be directly coupled to the audio component assembly 1004, the housing 1002 of the portable electronic device 1000, or a combination thereof. For example, the enclosure 1018 can be fastened, adhered, molded, or otherwise attached to the housing 1002. The enclosure 1018 can at least partially form an intermediate volume 1026 that is in fluid communication with both the audio component volume 1006 and the exterior volume 1012.

[0116] To the extent applicable to the present technology, the collection and use of data obtained from various sources can be used to improve the delivery of inspirational content or any other content that may be of interest to users. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, such collected data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data may include demographic data, location-based data, phone numbers, email addresses, ID, home address, data or records related to the user's health or fitness level (e.g., vital sign measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information.

[0117] This disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data within the disclosed technology can be used to benefit users. For example, this personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content of particular interest to the user. Thus, the use of such personal information data enables users to exercise planned control over the content delivered. Furthermore, this disclosure contemplates other uses of personal information data that benefit users. For example, health and fitness data can be used to provide insights into a user's overall health or serve as positive feedback for individuals using technology to pursue health goals.

[0118] This disclosure contemplates that entities responsible for collecting, analyzing, disclosing, transmitting, storing, or otherwise using such personal information will adhere to established privacy policies and / or practices. Specifically, such entities should implement and adhere to privacy policies and practices that are recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or government requirements for maintaining the privacy and security of personal information. Such policies should be easily accessible to users and updated as the collection and / or use of data changes. Personal information collected from users should be used for the entity's legitimate and reasonable purposes and not shared or sold beyond those legitimate uses. Furthermore, such collection / sharing should be conducted with the user's informed consent. Furthermore, such entities should consider taking any necessary steps to safeguard and secure access to such personal information and ensure that others with access to the personal information adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Furthermore, such entities may subject themselves to third-party assessments to demonstrate compliance with widely accepted privacy policies and practices. Furthermore, policies and practices should be tailored to the specific type of personal information collected and / or accessed and to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdictional considerations. For example, in the United States, the collection or access of certain health data may be governed by federal and / or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Therefore, different privacy practices should be maintained for different types of personal data in each country.

[0119] Regardless of the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates examples where users selectively block the use or access of personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates providing hardware elements and / or software elements to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, with respect to an advertising delivery service, the disclosed technology may be configured to allow a user to choose to "opt in" or "opt out" to participate in the collection of personal information data at any time during or after registration for the service. In another example, a user may choose not to provide emotion-related data to a targeted content delivery service. In another example, a user may choose to limit the length of time that emotion-related data is retained, or to completely prohibit the development of underlying emotional conditions. In addition to providing "opt-in" and "opt-out" options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications related to access or use of personal information. For example, a user may be notified that their personal information data will be accessed when downloading an application, and then be reminded again just before the personal information data is accessed by the application.

[0120] Furthermore, it is an object of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting data collection and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health-related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect the privacy of users. De-identification can be facilitated by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of stored data (e.g., collecting location data at the city level rather than the address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data on users), and / or other methods, where appropriate.

[0121] Thus, while this disclosure broadly covers the use of personal information data to implement one or more of the various disclosed examples, this disclosure also contemplates that various examples may be implemented without access to such personal information data. That is, various examples of the disclosed technology will not fail to function due to the lack of all or part of such personal information data. For example, content may be selected and delivered to a user by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or an absolute minimum amount of personal information, such as content requested by a device associated with the user, other non-personal information available to a content delivery service, or publicly available information.

[0122] For illustrative purposes, the foregoing description uses specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details are not required to practice the examples. Therefore, the foregoing description of the specific examples described herein is presented for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit these examples to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings.

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising: a housing at least partially defining a first interior volume; and an audio component defining a second interior volume, the audio component comprising: membrane; and a venting element defining a fluid path extending from the first interior volume to the second interior volume, the venting element comprising: a first layer at least partially defining a first channel; a second layer at least partially defining a second channel; and A fluid-permeable intermediate layer is disposed between the first layer and the second layer.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein: The first channel extends from a central portion of the ventilating element; and The second channel extends from a periphery of the ventilating element.

3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein: The length of the first channel is greater than half the distance between the central portion and the periphery; and The length of the second channel is greater than half of the distance.

4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the fluid-permeable intermediate layer comprises a region disposed between the first channel and the second channel, the region placing the first channel and the second channel in fluid communication. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the audio component comprises a microphone.

6. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein: the first channel narrows in width as the first channel extends from the central portion; and The width of the second channel narrows as the second channel extends from the periphery.

7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the fluid-permeable intermediate layer further comprises a porous metal.

8. The electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising an enclosure disposed within the housing and at least partially surrounding the audio component, the enclosure defining a third internal volume, the fluid path placing the first internal volume, the second internal volume, and the third internal volume in fluid communication.

9. An audio component, comprising: a housing at least partially defining an interior volume; a membrane at least partially defining the interior volume; and a venting element in fluid communication with the interior volume, the venting element defining a fluid path extending from the interior volume to an environment external to the housing, the venting element comprising: a first fluid impermeable layer; a second fluid impermeable layer; and A porous layer is disposed between the first fluid-impermeable layer and the second fluid-impermeable layer, the porous layer defining at least a portion of the fluid path.

10. The audio component of claim 9, wherein the fluid path extends from a central portion of the venting element to a periphery of the venting element.

11. The audio component of claim 9, wherein the venting element comprises: a first layer at least partially defining a first channel; a second layer at least partially defining a second channel; and A fluid-permeable intermediate layer is disposed between the first layer and the second layer.

12. The audio component of claim 11, wherein: The first channel and the second channel extend parallel to the fluid-permeable intermediate layer; the width of the first channel varies along the length of the first channel; The width of the second channel varies along the length of the second channel; and The region of the fluid permeable intermediate layer is disposed between the first channel and the second channel.

13. The audio component of claim 9, wherein the porous layer comprises metal foam.

14. The audio component of claim 9, wherein the venting element further comprises: A coiled member is coupled to the fluid impermeable layer, at least a portion of the fluid path being defined by the fluid impermeable layer and the coiled member.

15. The audio component of claim 9, wherein the venting element further comprises: fluid impermeable layer; and A coiled member is coupled to the fluid impermeable layer, the coiled member defining a conduit, and at least a portion of the fluid path is formed by the conduit.

16. The audio component of claim 9, wherein the audio component comprises at least one of a speaker or a microphone.

17. A ventilation element for a portable electronic device, the ventilation element comprising: a first fluid-impermeable layer defining a first surface of the ventilating element; a second fluid-impermeable layer defining a second surface of the ventilating element; and A coiled member is disposed between the first and second fluid impermeable layers, the coiled member defining a conduit defining a fluid path extending to an external environment.

18. The ventilation element of claim 17, wherein the conduit extends from a central portion of the ventilation element toward a periphery of the ventilation element.

19. The ventilating element of claim 17, wherein the fluid impermeable layer comprises a polymer.

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