A small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system and its operation process

Abstract

The present application discloses a small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system and its operation process, including: a feed inlet, a gasification incinerator, a screw slag discharger, a ceramic heat exchanger, a deacidification tower, a bag filter, a chimney, a fan, a Stirling engine, a cold end, a hot end, a generator, an electrolytic water device, a compressor, a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank. The organic solid waste enters the gasification incinerator through the feed inlet, and the finally generated ash slag is sent out by the screw slag discharger at the bottom of the gasification incinerator. The high-temperature flue gas enters the ceramic heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the clean air in the ceramic heat exchanger, and then successively enters the deacidification tower and the bag filter to remove the acidic gases and fly ash particles in the flue gas, and then is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney. The Stirling engine moves under the action of hot air and drives the generator to generate electricity. The generated electricity is directly sent to the electrolytic water device to electrolyze water into hydrogen and oxygen, and is respectively sent to the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank for storage through the compressor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system and its operation process. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of China's urbanization process, the permanent rural population has been decreasing year by year, and the daily domestic waste generation is about 50 - 100 t / d. If a traditional waste incineration plant is directly built, due to its complex system and large capital consumption, it is difficult to recover the investment cost; if a waste incineration plant is jointly built by uniting surrounding rural areas, the waste needs to be transported across regions, which is extremely likely to cause the NIMBY effect problem.

[0003] At the same time, due to agricultural production labor such as crop planting in rural areas, a large amount of waste biomass is generated, which is scattered and difficult to collect and process centrally. And in the case of tight new energy subsidies, traditional biomass power generation projects are difficult to obtain power generation subsidies. If biomass and domestic waste are directly mixed for power generation, due to different subsidy prices and emission standards for waste incineration power generation and biomass incineration power generation, it will face problems that are difficult to implement.

[0004] Publication No. CN207394855U discloses a waste gas carbon combustion furnace, which has a flame nozzle. After the input waste is gasified, high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas is ejected through the flame nozzle and is subsequently used for boiler heating or Stirling generator power generation.

[0005] Publication No.: CN207363831U discloses a heat exchange furnace for a small waste incineration furnace waste heat power generation system, which directly connects the hot end of a Stirling engine to the outer shell of the incineration furnace for heat exchange to achieve energy recovery and utilization. The above two utility models only disclose part of the combustion furnace technology and do not describe and implement the entire system.

[0006] Publication No. CN210068339U discloses a waste incineration waste heat utilization Stirling power generation system, which directly uses the hot flue gas generated by the incineration furnace to act on multiple series-connected or parallel-connected Stirling generators to achieve flexible throughput and installed capacity. However, this system directly heats the Stirling engine with the flue gas, and the flue gas generated by waste incineration contains a large amount of HCl gas, which is extremely likely to damage the Stirling engine.

[0007] Publication No. CN208595549U discloses a waste incineration flue gas waste heat recovery system, which uses a Stirling engine and a circulating heat pump to construct a system loop to efficiently and reasonably utilize the waste heat of the flue gas generated by the incineration furnace. However, the system is relatively complex and not suitable for small waste treatment requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Technical problems to be solved: This application proposes a small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system and its operation process, aiming to solve the problems existing in the prior art. In existing solid waste (such as garbage, biomass, etc.) gasification systems, the quality of the gasified gas produced highly depends on the physical and chemical properties of the raw materials. The composition of the gasified gas varies greatly and contains a large amount of tar, making it difficult to be directly utilized. In solid waste incineration power generation systems, due to their huge investment, a certain amount of solid waste needs to be generated daily (usually requiring more than 500 t / d), otherwise problems such as the inability to recover the construction cost will arise.

[0009] Technical solutions:

[0010] A small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system includes: a feed inlet, a gasification incinerator, a screw slag discharger, a ceramic heat exchanger, a deacidification tower, a bag filter, a chimney, a fan, a Stirling engine, a cold end, a hot end, a generator, an electrolytic water device, a compressor, a hydrogen storage tank, and an oxygen storage tank. The gasification incinerator is cylindrical. The feed inlet is connected to the lower half of the gasification incinerator. The screw slag discharger is arranged at the bottom of the gasification incinerator. A high-temperature flue gas outlet is provided at the top of the gasification incinerator. The ceramic heat exchanger is provided with a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet, an air inlet, and an air outlet. The flue gas inlet of the ceramic heat exchanger is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet at the top of the gasification incinerator. The flue gas outlet of the ceramic heat exchanger is sequentially connected to the deacidification tower, the bag filter, and the chimney. There is a set of Stirling engines, namely the 1st to the Nth levels. The cold end is arranged at one end of the Stirling engine, and the hot end is arranged at the other end of the Stirling engine. The fan is connected to the cold end of the Nth Stirling engine. The cold ends of the Nth to the 1st Stirling engines are sequentially connected. The cold end of the 1st Stirling engine is connected to the air inlet of the ceramic heat exchanger. The air in the atmosphere passes through the cold ends of each Stirling engine in reverse starting from the cold end of the Nth Stirling engine via the fan, and then enters the ceramic heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-temperature flue gas. The air outlet of the ceramic heat exchanger is connected to the hot end of the 1st Stirling engine. The hot ends of the 1st to the Nth Stirling engines are sequentially connected. The 1st to the Nth Stirling engines are connected in series and are connected to the generator through a coupling. The generator is connected to the electrolytic water device. There are two compressors at the top of the electrolytic water device. The hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank are respectively connected to the two compressors.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: A secondary air inlet is provided in the upper middle part of the gasification incinerator.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: The inner wall of the gasification incinerator is wrapped with refractory materials to prevent the gasification furnace from being burned out during operation. A hot air and oxygen input port is provided at the bottom of the furnace chamber of the gasification incinerator.

[0013] This application also discloses the operation process of the small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: The organic solid waste enters the gasification incinerator from the feed inlet;

[0015] Step 2: The organic solid waste entering the gasification incinerator remains at the bottom of the furnace of the gasification incinerator. The hot air and oxygen input port at the bottom of the furnace feeds the hot air and oxygen in the oxygen storage tank discharged from the hot end of the Nth Stirling engine. The hot air and oxygen slowly penetrate the entire layer of materials, causing the layer of materials to undergo a gasification reaction under the combined action of the hot air and oxygen. Finally, the generated ash is sent out by the screw slag discharger at the bottom of the gasification incinerator:

[0016] Step 3: After the organic solid waste is gasified, secondary air is blown into the secondary air inlet in the upper-middle part of the gasification incinerator, causing the gasified gas to be directly burned completely in the furnace, and at the same time generating high-temperature flue gas;

[0017] Step 4: The high-temperature flue gas enters the ceramic heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the clean air in the ceramic heat exchanger, and then enters the acid removal tower and the bag filter in sequence to remove the acidic gas and fly ash particles in the flue gas, and then is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney;

[0018] Step ⑤: The air in the atmosphere starts from the cold end of the Nth Stirling engine through the fan, reversely passes through the cold ends of each level of Stirling engine, and then enters the ceramic heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-temperature flue gas. The heated hot air starts from the hot end of the first-level Stirling engine and is transported step by step backward. After exchanging heat with the hot end of the Nth Stirling engine, the hot air is divided into two parts and sent into the gasification incinerator. One part of the hot air is used as primary air and sent into the hot air and oxygen input port at the bottom of the furnace of the gasification incinerator together with the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank, and the other part of the hot air is used as secondary air and sent into the secondary air inlet;

[0019] Step ⑥: The Stirling engine moves under the action of the hot air and drives the generator to generate electricity. The generated electricity is directly sent into the electrolytic water device to electrolyze water into hydrogen and oxygen, and is stored in the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank through compressors respectively;

[0020] Step ⑦: The hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank is sold to the surrounding residents for mixed combustion with ordinary civil gas. Part of the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank is used for the gasification incinerator, and the other part is sold to the surrounding factories or sold in cans.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: The organic solid waste is domestic waste or biomass.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: The secondary air is the hot air discharged from the hot end of the Nth Stirling engine.

[0023] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions adopted by the small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system of the present application have the following technical effects:

[0024] 1. The ceramic heat exchanger is used to exchange heat for the flue gas of the organic solid waste gasification and incineration system. The hot air drives the generator through a multi-stage series Stirling engine for power generation, and the generated electric energy is used to produce hydrogen and oxygen.

[0025] 2. A small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system and its operation method are provided, which can dispose of various organic solid wastes such as domestic waste and biomass in a mixed and collaborative manner, convert the chemical energy in the organic solid waste into hydrogen and oxygen, and its products can be supplied to the surrounding production and life, avoiding the policy gap of power generation grid connection subsidies; at the same time, the system is simple, the energy conversion efficiency is high, and the generated flue gas can be discharged into the air after simple treatment.

[0026] 3. The ceramic heat exchanger is used to displace the energy in the high-temperature flue gas into clean air, and the clean air is used to heat the Stirling engine, which can effectively ensure the service life of the Stirling engine.

[0027] 4. The air from the atmosphere passes through the cold end of the Stirling engine step by step from the last stage to the first stage, which can effectively recover the waste heat at the cold end of the Stirling engine and improve the system efficiency.

[0028] 5. The electrolysis water device is coupled with the waste gasification to produce hydrogen with stable composition and calorific value, which can effectively avoid problems such as unstable calorific value of the gasified gas and inconvenient utilization of a large amount of tar in the traditional waste gasification process; at the same time, a part of the generated hydrogen and oxygen can be recycled in the system. For example, hydrogen can be used as an auxiliary fuel for system startup, and oxygen can be added to the primary air entering from the furnace bottom to ensure complete gasification of the organic solid waste and reasonably control the temperature in the gasification incinerator.

[0029] 6. The system does not adopt the traditional steam turbine power generation system and does not use the traditional boiler, which can effectively reduce the system construction cost and save the construction cost. Brief description of the drawings

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system of the present application.

[0031] Description of the reference numerals: 1. Feed inlet; 2. Gasification incinerator; 3. Screw slag extractor; 4. Ceramic heat exchanger; 5. Acid scrubber; 6. Bag filter; 7. Chimney; 8. Fan; 9. Stirling engine; 10. Cold end; 11. Hot end; 12. Generator; 13. Electrolysis water device; 14. Compressor; 15. Hydrogen storage tank; 16. Oxygen storage tank. Detailed description of the invention

[0032] The following further elaborates on the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] A small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system includes: a feed inlet 1, a gasification incinerator 2, a screw slag discharger 3, a ceramic heat exchanger 4, a deacidification tower 5, a bag filter 6, a chimney 7, a fan 8, a Stirling engine 9, a cold end 10, a hot end 11, a generator 12, an electrolyzed water device 13, a compressor 14, a hydrogen storage tank 15, and an oxygen storage tank 16. The gasification incinerator 2 is cylindrical. The feed inlet 1 is connected to the lower half of the gasification incinerator 2. The screw slag discharger 3 is arranged at the bottom of the gasification incinerator 2. The top of the gasification incinerator 2 is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet. The ceramic heat exchanger 4 is provided with a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet, an air inlet, and an air outlet. The flue gas inlet of the ceramic heat exchanger 4 is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet at the top of the gasification incinerator 2. The flue gas outlet of the ceramic heat exchanger 4 is sequentially connected to the deacidification tower 5, the bag filter 6, and the chimney 7. One set of Stirling engines 9 is provided, which are the 1st to Nth levels respectively. The cold end 10 is arranged at one end of the Stirling engine 9, and the hot end 11 is arranged at the other end of the Stirling engine 9. The fan 8 is connected to the cold end of the Nth Stirling engine. The cold ends of the Nth to 1st Stirling engines are sequentially connected. The cold end of the 1st Stirling engine is connected to the air inlet of the ceramic heat exchanger 4. The air in the atmosphere passes through the cold ends of each Stirling engine in reverse starting from the cold end of the Nth Stirling engine via the fan 8, and then enters the ceramic heat exchanger 4 to exchange heat with the high-temperature flue gas. The air outlet of the ceramic heat exchanger 4 is connected to the hot end of the 1st Stirling engine. The hot ends of the 1st to Nth Stirling engines are sequentially connected. The 1st to Nth Stirling engines are connected in series in sequence and are connected to the generator 12 through a coupling. The generator 12 is connected to the electrolyzed water device 13. Two compressors 14 are arranged at the top of the electrolyzed water device 13. The hydrogen storage tank 15 and the oxygen storage tank 16 are respectively connected to the two compressors.

[0035] A secondary air inlet is provided in the middle and upper part of the gasification incinerator 2. The inner wall of the gasification incinerator 2 is wrapped with refractory materials to prevent the gasification furnace from being burned out during operation. A hot air and oxygen input port is provided at the bottom of the furnace chamber of the gasification incinerator 2.

[0036] Embodiment 2

[0037] An operation process of a small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system is as follows:

[0038] The first step: The organic solid waste enters the gasification incinerator 2 from the feed inlet 1;

[0039] Step 2: The organic solid waste entering the gasification incinerator 2 remains at the bottom of the furnace of the gasification incinerator 2, and is sent into the hot air and oxygen storage tank 16 from which the hot air and oxygen discharged from the hot end of the Nth - stage Stirling engine are input through the hot air and oxygen inlet at the bottom of the furnace. The hot air and oxygen slowly penetrate the entire layer of materials, causing the layer of materials to undergo a gasification reaction under the combined action of the hot air and oxygen. Finally, the generated ash slag is sent out by the screw slag discharger 3 at the bottom of the gasification incinerator:

[0040] Step 3: After the organic solid waste is gasified, secondary air is blown into the secondary air inlet in the upper - middle part of the gasification incinerator 2, so that the gasified gas is directly burned completely in the furnace, and at the same time, high - temperature flue gas is generated;

[0041] Step 4: The high - temperature flue gas enters the ceramic heat exchanger 4, exchanges heat with the clean air in the ceramic heat exchanger 4, and then enters the acid - removal tower 5 and the bag filter 6 in sequence to remove the acidic gases and fly ash particles in the flue gas, and then is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 7;

[0042] Step 5: The air in the atmosphere starts from the cold end of the Nth - stage Stirling engine through the fan 8, reversely passes through the cold ends of each stage of the Stirling engine, and then enters the ceramic heat exchanger 4 to exchange heat with the high - temperature flue gas. The heated hot air starts from the hot end of the first - stage Stirling engine and is transported step by step backward. After exchanging heat with the hot end of the Nth - stage Stirling engine, the hot air is divided into two parts and sent into the gasification incinerator 2. One part of the hot air is used as primary air and sent into the hot air and oxygen inlet at the bottom of the furnace of the gasification incinerator 2 together with the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank 16, and the other part of the hot air is used as secondary air and sent into the secondary air inlet;

[0043] Step 6: The Stirling engine 9 moves under the action of the hot air and drives the generator 12 to generate electricity. The generated electricity is directly sent into the electrolytic water device 13 to electrolyze water into hydrogen and oxygen, and is respectively sent into the hydrogen storage tank 15 and the oxygen storage tank 16 for storage through the compressor 14;

[0044] Step 7: The hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 15 is sold to the surrounding residents for mixed combustion with ordinary civil gas. Part of the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank 16 is used for the gasification incinerator 2, and the other part is sold to the surrounding factories or sold in cans.

[0045] The organic solid waste is domestic waste or biomass; the secondary air is the hot air discharged from the hot end of the Nth - stage Stirling engine.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system, characterized in that, The small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system includes: a feed inlet (1), a gasification and incineration furnace (2), a screw slag discharger (3), a ceramic heat exchanger (4), a deacidification tower (5), a bag filter (6), a chimney (7), a fan (8), a Stirling engine (9), a cold end (10), a hot end (11), a generator (12), an electrolytic water device (13), a compressor (14), a hydrogen storage tank (15), and an oxygen storage tank (16). The gasification and incineration furnace (2) is cylindrical. The feed inlet (1) is connected to the lower half of the gasification and incineration furnace (2). The screw slag discharger (3) is arranged at the bottom of the gasification and incineration furnace (2). A high-temperature flue gas outlet is provided at the top of the gasification and incineration furnace (2). The ceramic heat exchanger (4) is provided with a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet, an air inlet, and an air outlet. The flue gas inlet of the ceramic heat exchanger (4) is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet at the top of the gasification and incineration furnace (2). The flue gas outlet of the ceramic heat exchanger (4) is sequentially connected to the deacidification tower (5), the bag filter (6), and the chimney (7). There is a set of Stirling engines (9), which are the 1st to the Nth levels respectively. The cold end (1) is arranged at one end of the Stirling engine (9), and the hot end (11) is arranged at the other end of the Stirling engine (9). The fan (8) is connected to the cold end of the Nth-level Stirling engine. The cold ends of the Nth-level to the 1st-level Stirling engines are sequentially connected. The cold end of the 1st-level Stirling engine is connected to the air inlet of the ceramic heat exchanger (4). The air in the atmosphere passes through the cold ends of each level of the Stirling engine in reverse order starting from the cold end of the Nth-level Stirling engine via the fan (8), and then enters the ceramic heat exchanger (4) to exchange heat with the high-temperature flue gas. The air outlet of the ceramic heat exchanger (4) is connected to the hot end of the 1st-level Stirling engine. The hot ends of the 1st-level to the Nth-level Stirling engines are sequentially connected. The 1st-level to the Nth-level Stirling engines are connected in series in sequence and are connected to the generator (12) through a coupling. The generator (12) is connected to the electrolytic water device (13). There are two compressors (14) arranged at the top of the electrolytic water device (13). The hydrogen storage tank (15) and the oxygen storage tank (16) are respectively connected to the two compressors. The inner wall of the gasification and incineration furnace (2) is wrapped with refractory materials to prevent the gasification furnace from being burned out during operation. A hot air and oxygen input port is provided at the bottom of the furnace chamber of the gasification and incineration furnace (2).

2. The small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system according to claim 1, wherein: A secondary air inlet is provided in the middle and upper part of the gasification and incineration furnace (2).

3. The operating process of the small organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes the following steps: The first step: The organic solid waste enters the gasification and incineration furnace (2) from the feed inlet (1). The second step: The organic solid waste entering the gasification and incineration furnace (2) remains at the bottom of the furnace chamber of the gasification and incineration furnace (2). The hot air and oxygen input port at the bottom of the furnace chamber is used to send the hot air discharged from the hot end of the Nth-level Stirling engine and the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank (16). The hot air and oxygen slowly penetrate the entire layer of materials, causing the layer of materials to undergo a gasification reaction under the combined action of the hot air and oxygen. Finally, the generated ash slag is sent out by the screw slag discharger (3) at the bottom of the gasification and incineration furnace: Step 3: After the organic solid waste is gasified, secondary air is introduced into the secondary air inlet in the upper-middle part of the gasification incinerator (2), so that the gasified gas is directly and completely burned in the furnace, and at the same time, high-temperature flue gas is generated; Step 4: The high-temperature flue gas enters the ceramic heat exchanger (4), exchanges heat with the clean air in the ceramic heat exchanger (4), and then successively enters the acid removal tower (5) and the bag filter (6) to remove the acid gas and fly ash particles in the flue gas, and then is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney (7); Step 5: The air in the atmosphere starts from the cold end of the Nth-stage Stirling engine via the fan (8), reversely passes through the cold ends of each stage of the Stirling engine, and then enters the ceramic heat exchanger (4) to exchange heat with the high-temperature flue gas. The heated hot air starts from the hot end of the 1st-stage Stirling engine and is transported step by step backward. After exchanging heat with the hot end of the Nth-stage Stirling engine, the hot air is divided into two parts and sent into the gasification incinerator (2). One part of the hot air is used as primary air and sent into the hot air and oxygen input port at the bottom of the furnace of the gasification incinerator (2) together with the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank (16), and the other part of the hot air is used as secondary air and sent into the secondary air inlet; Step 6: The Stirling engine (9) moves under the action of the hot air and drives the generator (12) to generate electricity. The generated electricity is directly sent into the electrolytic water device (13) to electrolyze water into hydrogen and oxygen, and is respectively sent into the hydrogen storage tank (15) and the oxygen storage tank (16) for storage through the compressor (14); Step 7: The hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank (15) is sold to the surrounding residents for mixed combustion with ordinary civil gas. Part of the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank (16) is used for the gasification incinerator (2), and the other part is sold to the surrounding factories or sold in cans; 4. The operating process of the small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The organic solid waste is domestic waste or biomass.

5. The operating process of the small-scale organic solid waste gasification and incineration treatment system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The secondary air is the hot air discharged from the hot end of the Nth-stage Stirling engine.

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