A single-feed-inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation system

Abstract

The single-feed reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation system comprises an occurrence module, a working condition adjusting module and a concentration difference power generation module, the occurrence module is used for converting heat energy into chemical potential energy between salt solutions with different concentrations, the working condition adjusting module is used for adjusting the temperature, pressure, concentration and flow of the dilute solution and the concentrated solution according to actual working conditions, and the concentration difference power generation module is used for converting the chemical potential energy between the salt solutions into electric energy through a reverse electrodialysis process, so that the conversion from heat energy to electric energy is realized through the above three processes, and the structure is simple, reliable, low in control difficulty, low in noise and high in reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to a single-feed-inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the social economy, energy has become a major constraint on social progress. my country's total energy consumption is enormous, and energy utilization efficiency needs to be further improved. Therefore, energy security has become a national strategy. In daily production and life in my country, a large amount of energy is directly lost as waste heat and is not effectively utilized, resulting in a significant waste of resources. Utilizing waste heat resources is a key means of energy recovery and improving energy efficiency. Current industrial systems release a large amount of waste heat into the environment, of which low-grade waste heat accounts for approximately 42%. This large amount of waste heat emission leads to reduced industrial efficiency and increased production costs. Furthermore, this reduced industrial efficiency increases industrial electricity consumption. Thermal power generation, currently the main form of power generation, causes serious environmental pollution through the combustion of fossil fuels. The increasing demand for electricity has led to an increase in demand for fossil fuels. Given the increasingly scarce natural resources, the concept of sustainable development has been proposed, and the development and utilization of new energy sources has gradually become a new theme in global development. Therefore, new technologies and methods are needed to recover and utilize waste heat, especially the huge amount of low-grade waste heat. This will improve energy utilization and alleviate global energy shortages.

[0003] Existing waste heat utilization technologies primarily include: the Rankine cycle, the Kalina cycle, thermoelectric power generation, piezoelectric power generation, osmotic membrane concentration power generation, and reverse electrodialysis heat engines. The Rankine cycle and the Kalina cycle are suitable for applications with high waste heat temperatures and are unable to effectively utilize low-grade waste heat. They also face challenges such as high boiling points, toxicity, and low efficiency of the working fluids. Thermoelectric and piezoelectric power generation are expensive and have low power generation efficiency, with a maximum exergy efficiency of approximately 20%. Osmotic membrane heat engines primarily consist of an osmotic membrane and a turbine expander, but the high cost and technical complexity of the liquid expander make it difficult to commercialize.

[0004] In 1979, Leob proposed a reverse electrodialysis heat engine based on reverse electrodialysis concentration technology. The system mainly consists of a concentration power generation module and a heat generation module. Using waste heat as the driving force, the heat generation module converts waste heat energy into salt concentration gradient energy. Then, the concentration power generation module converts the salt concentration gradient energy into electrical energy through the reverse electrodialysis process and outputs it to the outside. At present, the reverse electrodialysis heat engine technology in the world is still in the exploratory stage, with only a small number of experimental prototypes, and has not been widely used in industry. There are many problems with the existing technology: First, the internal heat recovery effect of the system is poor, and the system exergy loss is large; second, the temperature of the heat generation process remains constant, and efficient utilization of waste heat cannot be achieved; third, when using a multi-stage multi-effect technology configuration, the system reliability is reduced, the cost increases, the control difficulty increases, and it is difficult to achieve industrialization; fourth, the internal heat recovery effect of the generator is poor, and the system exergy loss is large.

[0005] Therefore, it is essential to thermodynamically optimize the reverse electrodialysis heat engine system to enable it to efficiently utilize low-grade waste heat for power generation. Simultaneously, the system structure must be optimized to ensure simplicity, reliable operation, and adjustable parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a single-feed-inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system with high heat source utilization and simple structure.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a single-feed-inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system, comprising a generation module, a working condition adjustment module, and a concentration power generation module;

[0009] The generating module comprises a continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1), a condenser (2) and a regenerator (3); the working condition regulating module comprises a first mixer (4), a dilute solution pump (6), a thermostat (7), an intermediate concentration solution diverter (8), a throttle valve (9), a second mixer (10) and a concentrated solution pump (12); the concentration difference power generation module comprises an electrode system (13), an ion exchange membrane (14), a reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) and an external circuit (16); wherein:

[0010] The intermediate concentration solution enters the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1) from the first inlet (1-5), and the intermediate concentration solution flows from top to bottom along the heat exchange tube of the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1). The external heat source enters the temperature-variable distillation generator (1) from the second inlet (1-1) and flows from bottom to top. The intermediate concentration solution absorbs heat from the external heat source, thereby performing a continuous temperature-variable distillation process. The steam generated during the continuous temperature-variable distillation process flows out from the first outlet (1-3) and enters the condenser 2 for condensation to become condensate S1. The condensate S1 enters the first mixer (4). The concentrated solution generated during the continuous temperature-variable distillation process flows out from the second outlet (1-4), undergoes a reheating process in the regenerator (3), and becomes concentrated solution S2 after the temperature is reduced.

[0011] The condensate S1 enters the mixer (4) for concentration adjustment, then enters the dilute solution pump (6) for pressure adjustment, and then enters the thermostat (7) for temperature adjustment to become a dilute solution S3 and enter the concentration difference power generation module;

[0012] The concentrated solution S2 is pressure-regulated by the concentrated solution pump (12) and then enters the thermostat (7) for temperature regulation to become the concentrated solution S4 and enter the concentration difference power generation module;

[0013] The dilute solution S3 and the concentrated solution S4 enter the reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) from the working condition adjustment module, and flow in a partitioned manner on both sides of the ion exchange membrane (14). The ions in the solution pass through the ion exchange membrane (14) under the action of the concentration gradient, thereby forming a directional ion flow. The electrode system (13) converts the ion flow into an electron flow, which is output by the external circuit 16. The concentrated solution S5 and the dilute solution S6 formed after the reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation process are mixed by the second mixer (10) and enter the throttle valve (9) for pressure regulation, and then enter the intermediate concentration solution diverter (8), wherein a small part of the solution is diverted to the first mixer (4), and the rest of the solution is diverted to the intermediate concentration solution S7 and enters the regenerator 3. The adjustable range of the flow ratio of the two solutions is from 0% to 100%. After the intermediate concentration solution S7 enters the regenerator 3 for reheating, the temperature rises and enters the continuous temperature variable distillation generator (1) through the inlet 1-5 to perform the continuous temperature variable distillation process, thereby completing a complete working cycle.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system, comprising: a generation module, a working condition adjustment module and a concentration power generation module;

[0015] The generating module comprises a continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1), a condenser (2) and a regenerator (3); the working condition regulating module comprises a first mixer (4), a dilute solution pump (6), a thermostat (7), a throttle valve (9), a second mixer (10), a concentrated solution pump (12) and a concentrated solution diverter (17); the concentration difference power generation module comprises an electrode system (13), an ion exchange membrane (14), a reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) and an external circuit (16); wherein:

[0016] The intermediate concentration solution enters the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1) from the first inlet (1-5), and the intermediate concentration solution flows from top to bottom along the heat exchange tube of the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1). The external heat source enters the temperature-variable distillation generator (1) from the second inlet (1-1) and flows from bottom to top. The intermediate concentration solution absorbs heat from the external heat source, thereby performing a continuous temperature-variable distillation process. The steam generated during the continuous temperature-variable distillation process flows out from the first outlet (1-3) and enters the condenser 2 for condensation to become condensate S1. The condensate S1 enters the first mixer (4). The concentrated solution generated during the continuous temperature-variable distillation process flows out from the second outlet (1-4), undergoes a reheating process in the regenerator (3), and becomes concentrated solution S2 after the temperature is reduced.

[0017] The condensate S1 enters the mixer (4) for concentration adjustment, then enters the dilute solution pump (6) for pressure adjustment, and then enters the thermostat (7) for temperature adjustment to become a dilute solution S3 and enter the concentration difference power generation module;

[0018] The concentrated solution S2 enters the concentrated solution diverter (17), a small portion of the solution is diverted to the mixer (4), and the remaining solution is diverted to the concentrated solution pump (12) for pressure regulation, and then enters the temperature equalizer (7) for temperature regulation to become concentrated solution S4 and enter the concentration power generation module. The flow ratio of the two solutions can be adjusted from 0% to 100%.

[0019] The dilute solution S3 and the concentrated solution S4 enter the reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) from the working condition adjustment module, and flow in a partitioned manner on both sides of the ion exchange membrane (14). The ions in the solution pass through the ion exchange membrane (14) under the action of the concentration gradient, thereby forming a directional ion flow. The electrode system (13) converts the ion flow into an electron flow, which is output by the external circuit 16. The concentrated solution S5 and the dilute solution S6 formed after the reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation process are mixed by the second mixer (10) and then enter the throttle valve (9) for pressure regulation to form an intermediate concentration solution S7. After entering the regenerator 3, the temperature rises and the solution enters the continuous temperature variable distillation generator (1) through the inlet 1-5 to perform the continuous temperature variable distillation process, thereby completing a complete working cycle.

[0020] In some embodiments, the continuous temperature variable distillation generator (1) comprises a plurality of axially distributed equilibrium stage trays filled with fillers, wherein the number of the equilibrium stage trays can be increased or decreased according to the temperature of the heat source; or the continuous temperature variable distillation generator (1) comprises a plurality of continuous temperature variable distillation generators connected in parallel.

[0021] In some embodiments, the condenser (2) can adopt different methods to exchange heat with the outside, including natural convection heat exchange of air, forced convection heat exchange of air, mixed convection heat exchange of air, radiation heat exchange, natural convection heat exchange of liquid and forced convection heat exchange of liquid; when the condenser (2) adopts forced convection heat exchange, the cold and hot fluids can adopt co-current, counter-current and cross-current methods to exchange heat.

[0022] In some embodiments, the regenerator (3) and the thermostat (7) can adopt the methods of co-current, counter-current and cross-current for heat exchange; the thermostat (7) can adopt the method of two-fluid heat exchange, and can also introduce a third cooling fluid to adjust the temperature of the solution.

[0023] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned solution is composed of a solute and a solvent; the solute is composed of one or more pairs of anions and cations, and the cations include lithium ions, sodium ions, magnesium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, manganese ions, zinc ions, silver ions, iron ions, ferrous ions, aluminum ions, barium ions, copper ions, rubidium ions, cesium ions, strontium ions, hydrogen ions, and ammonium ions; the anions include fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, carbonate ions, bicarbonate ions, sulfate ions, bisulfate ions, sulfite ions, bisulfite ions, cobaltate ions, and silver nitrate ions. , hypochlorite ion, perchlorate ion, manganate ion, oxalate ion, acetate ion, hydrocyanate ion, formate ion, phosphate ion, phosphite ion, benzoate ion, sulfide ion, chromate ion; the solute is composed of one or more liquids, and the liquid includes water, ethanol, methanol, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, acetonitrile, ether, acetone, isopropanol, hexafluoroisopropanol, trifluoroethanol, trifluoroacetic acid, tetrafluorofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide; the concentration range of the above-mentioned dilute solution is from zero to less than the saturation concentration of the solution, and the concentration range of the above-mentioned concentrated solution is from greater than zero to the saturation concentration.

[0024] In some embodiments, the intermediate concentration solution splitter (8) and the concentrated solution splitter (17) can adjust the split ratio according to actual working conditions, and the adjustment range is 0% to 100%.

[0025] In some embodiments, the dilute solution pump (6) and the concentrated solution pump (12) include volumetric, dynamic and diaphragm types; the dilute solution pump (6) and the concentrated solution pump (12) can be one each, or multiple pumps can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0026] In some embodiments, the electrode system (13) may be an active electrode or an inert electrode, and the electrode system includes a lithium electrode, a carbon electrode, a carbon rod electrode, a platinum electrode, a titanium electrode, and a copper electrode; the electrode liquid may be a separate redox working fluid pair, or may be the dilute solution and concentrated solution.

[0027] In some embodiments, the cells of the reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) may be connected in series or in parallel.

[0028] In some embodiments, the ion exchange membrane (14) includes a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, and the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane are arranged alternately.

[0029] In some embodiments, the operating condition adjustment module further comprises a dilute solution storage tank (5) and a concentrated solution storage tank (11); the condensate S1 after the concentration adjustment process in the first mixer (4) enters the dilute solution storage tank (5) for solution storage, and the concentrated solution S2 after the heat recovery process in the regenerator (3) enters the concentrated solution storage tank (11) for solution storage.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention achieves the following technical effects:

[0031] The single-feed-port reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system provided by the present invention includes a generation module, an operating condition adjustment module and a concentration power generation module. The generation module converts thermal energy into chemical potential energy between salt solutions of different concentrations. The operating condition adjustment module adjusts the temperature, pressure, concentration and flow of the dilute solution and the concentrated solution according to the actual operating conditions. The concentration power generation module converts the chemical potential energy between the salt solutions into electrical energy through the reverse electrodialysis process. The conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy is achieved through the above three processes. The system has a simple and reliable structure, low control difficulty, low noise and high reliability.

[0032] In addition, the single-feed-port reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system provided by the present invention includes a continuous temperature-variable distillation generator that can achieve a high degree of matching between the solution generation process and the variable temperature heat source, reduce irreversible losses in the heat transfer process, and improve the utilization rate of the heat source; the system operating condition module is adjustable and has a heat storage function, which can adapt to fluctuations in actual production, the power generation capacity configuration is flexible, and the system has a good internal heat recovery effect.

[0033] In addition, the single feed port reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system provided by the present invention includes a continuous temperature variable distillation generator feed port with adjustable position to enhance the temperature and concentration matching between the feed solution and the solution at the feed tower plate, thereby reducing irreversible losses caused by different solution temperatures and concentrations during feeding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a single-feed-port reverse electrodialysis concentration-difference power generation system provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a temperature equalizer for introducing a third cooling fluid provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3This is a structural schematic diagram of the single-feed-port reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system provided in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0038] The apparatus comprises: a continuous temperature swing distillation generator 1, a condenser 2, a regenerator 3, a first mixer 4, a dilute solution storage tank 5, a dilute solution pump 6, a temperature equalizer 7, an intermediate concentration solution diverter 8, a throttle valve 9, a second mixer 10, a concentrated solution storage tank 11, a concentrated solution pump 12, an electrode system 13, an ion exchange membrane 14, a reverse electrodialysis cell stack 15, an external circuit 16, and a concentrated solution diverter 17. In the accompanying drawings, the arrows indicate the direction of solution flow. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0041] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0042] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] See also Figure 1 , is a schematic structural diagram of a single-feed-inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprising: a generating module, a working condition adjustment module, and a concentration power generation module. Among them:

[0045] The generating module comprises a continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1), a condenser (2) and a regenerator (3).

[0046] It can be understood that the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1) can realize the continuous temperature-variable distillation process, the condenser (2) can realize the condensation process, and the regenerator (3) can realize the reheating process. The above-mentioned continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1) can realize a high degree of matching between the solution generation process and the temperature-variable heat source, reduce the irreversible loss of the heat transfer process, and improve the utilization rate of the heat source; the steam generated in the continuous temperature-variable distillation process is subjected to a condensation process and becomes a condensate S1; the concentrated solution generated in the continuous temperature-variable distillation process is subjected to a reheating process and becomes a concentrated solution S2; the condensate S1 and the concentrated solution S2 enter the working condition adjustment module.

[0047] The working condition adjustment module comprises a first mixer (4), a dilute solution pump (6), a thermostat (7), an intermediate concentration solution diverter (8), a throttle valve (9), a second mixer (10) and a concentrated solution pump (12).

[0048] It can be understood that the working condition adjustment module can realize the concentration adjustment process, the pressure adjustment process and the temperature adjustment process, and has a heat storage function, can adapt to fluctuations in actual production, and has flexible power generation capacity configuration; the condensate S1 and the concentrated solution S2 undergo concentration, pressure, and temperature adjustment processes in sequence to become the dilute solution S3 and the concentrated solution S4, respectively, and then enter the concentration difference power generation module; the dilute solution S5 and the concentrated solution S6 are mixed and then undergo a pressure adjustment process to become the intermediate concentration solution S7, and then enter the generation module.

[0049] The concentration difference power generation module comprises an electrode system (13), an ion exchange membrane (14), a reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15), and an external circuit (16).

[0050] It can be understood that the concentration difference power generation module can realize the reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation process; the dilute solution S3 and the concentrated solution S4 undergo the reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation process to become the concentrated solution S5 and the dilute solution S6 respectively, and then enter the working condition adjustment module.

[0051] The single-feed-inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system provided in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 of the present invention operates as follows:

[0052] The intermediate concentration solution enters the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1) from the first inlet (1-5), and the intermediate concentration solution flows from top to bottom along the heat exchange tube of the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1). The external heat source enters the temperature-variable distillation generator (1) from the second inlet (1-1) and flows from bottom to top. The intermediate concentration solution absorbs heat from the external heat source, thereby performing a continuous temperature-variable distillation process. The steam generated during the continuous temperature-variable distillation process flows out from the first outlet (1-3) and enters the condenser 2 for condensation to become condensate S1. The condensate S1 enters the first mixer (4). The concentrated solution generated during the continuous temperature-variable distillation process flows out from the second outlet (1-4), undergoes a reheating process in the regenerator (3), and becomes concentrated solution S2 after the temperature is reduced.

[0053] The condensate S1 enters the mixer (4) for concentration adjustment, then enters the dilute solution pump (6) for pressure adjustment, and then enters the thermostat (7) for temperature adjustment to become a dilute solution S3 and enter the concentration difference power generation module;

[0054] The concentrated solution S2 is pressure-regulated by the concentrated solution pump (12) and then enters the thermostat (7) for temperature regulation to become the concentrated solution S4 and enter the concentration difference power generation module;

[0055] The dilute solution S3 and the concentrated solution S4 enter the reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) from the working condition adjustment module, and flow in a partitioned manner on both sides of the ion exchange membrane (14). The ions in the solution pass through the ion exchange membrane (14) under the action of the concentration gradient, thereby forming a directional ion flow. The electrode system (13) converts the ion flow into an electron flow, which is output by the external circuit 16. The concentrated solution S5 and the dilute solution S6 formed after the reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation process are mixed by the second mixer (10) and enter the throttle valve (9) for pressure regulation, and then enter the intermediate concentration solution diverter (8), wherein a small part of the solution is diverted to the first mixer (4), and the rest of the solution is diverted to the intermediate concentration solution S7 and enters the regenerator 3. The adjustable range of the flow ratio of the two solutions is from 0% to 100%. After the intermediate concentration solution S7 enters the regenerator 3 for reheating, the temperature rises and enters the continuous temperature variable distillation generator (1) through the inlet 1-5 to perform the continuous temperature variable distillation process, thereby completing a complete working cycle.

[0056] In some embodiments, the continuous temperature variable distillation generator (1) comprises a plurality of axially distributed equilibrium stage trays filled with fillers, wherein the number of the equilibrium stage trays can be increased or decreased according to the temperature of the heat source; or the continuous temperature variable distillation generator (1) comprises a plurality of continuous temperature variable distillation generators connected in parallel.

[0057] It can be understood that the continuous temperature variable distillation generator (1) can achieve a high degree of matching between the solution generation process and the variable temperature heat source, reduce the irreversible loss in the heat transfer process, and improve the utilization rate of the heat source; and the feed port of the continuous temperature variable distillation generator (1) is adjustable in position to strengthen the temperature and concentration matching between the feed solution and the solution at the feed tray, thereby reducing the irreversible loss caused by the different solution temperatures and concentrations during feeding.

[0058] In some embodiments, the condenser (2) can adopt different methods to exchange heat with the outside, including natural convection heat exchange of air, forced convection heat exchange of air, mixed convection heat exchange of air, radiation heat exchange, natural convection heat exchange of liquid and forced convection heat exchange of liquid; when the condenser (2) adopts forced convection heat exchange, the cold and hot fluids can adopt co-current, counter-current and cross-current methods to exchange heat.

[0059] In some embodiments, the regenerator (3) and the thermostat (7) can exchange heat in a co-current, counter-current and cross-current manner.

[0060] See also Figure 2 , is the thermostat (7) provided in Example 1 of the present invention. The thermostat (7) can adopt a two-fluid heat exchange form, and can also introduce a third cooling fluid to adjust the temperature of the solution.

[0061] It can be understood that when the temperature of the dilute solution S3 and the concentrated solution S4 is higher than the temperature that the reverse electrodialysis cell stack can withstand, cooling water enters the thermostat 7 to adjust the temperature of the solution.

[0062] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned solution is composed of a solute and a solvent; the solute is composed of one or more pairs of anions and cations, and the cations include lithium ions, sodium ions, magnesium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, manganese ions, zinc ions, silver ions, iron ions, ferrous ions, aluminum ions, barium ions, copper ions, rubidium ions, cesium ions, strontium ions, hydrogen ions, and ammonium ions; the anions include fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, carbonate ions, bicarbonate ions, sulfate ions, bisulfate ions, sulfite ions, bisulfite ions, cobaltate ions, and silver nitrate ions. , hypochlorite ion, perchlorate ion, manganate ion, oxalate ion, acetate ion, hydrocyanate ion, formate ion, phosphate ion, phosphite ion, benzoate ion, sulfide ion, chromate ion; the solute is composed of one or more liquids, and the liquid includes water, ethanol, methanol, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, acetonitrile, ether, acetone, isopropanol, hexafluoroisopropanol, trifluoroethanol, trifluoroacetic acid, tetrafluorofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide; the concentration range of the above-mentioned dilute solution is from zero to less than the saturation concentration of the solution, and the concentration range of the above-mentioned concentrated solution is from greater than zero to the saturation concentration.

[0063] It can be understood that the above-mentioned solutions are diverse in types, rich in selectivity, and are environmentally friendly and non-toxic.

[0064] In some embodiments, the intermediate concentration solution splitter (8) and the concentrated solution splitter (17) can adjust the split ratio according to actual working conditions, and the adjustment range is 0% to 100%.

[0065] In some embodiments, the dilute solution pump (6) and the concentrated solution pump (12) include volumetric, dynamic and diaphragm types; the dilute solution pump (6) and the concentrated solution pump (12) can be one each, or multiple pumps can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0066] In some embodiments, the electrode system (13) may be an active electrode or an inert electrode, and the electrode system includes a lithium electrode, a carbon electrode, a carbon rod electrode, a platinum electrode, a titanium electrode, and a copper electrode; the electrode liquid may be a separate redox working fluid pair, or may be the dilute solution and concentrated solution.

[0067] In some embodiments, the cells of the reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) may be connected in series or in parallel.

[0068] In some embodiments, the ion exchange membrane (14) includes a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, and the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane are arranged alternately.

[0069] In some embodiments, the operating condition adjustment module further comprises a dilute solution storage tank (5) and a concentrated solution storage tank (11); the condensate S1 after the concentration adjustment process in the first mixer (4) enters the dilute solution storage tank (5) for solution storage, and the concentrated solution S2 after the heat recovery process in the regenerator (3) enters the concentrated solution storage tank (11) for solution storage.

[0070] It can be understood that before the dilute solution S1 and the concentrated solution S2 enter the dilute solution pump 6 and the concentrated solution pump 12, they can be stored in the dilute solution storage tank 5 and the concentrated solution storage tank 11 respectively to achieve energy storage and adjust actual demand. They can also enter the solution pump directly through bypass without passing through the storage tank.

[0071] The single-feed-port reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system provided in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 of the present invention includes a generation module, an operating condition adjustment module and a concentration power generation module. The generation module converts thermal energy into chemical potential energy between salt solutions of different concentrations. The operating condition adjustment module adjusts the temperature, pressure, concentration and flow rate of the dilute solution and the concentrated solution according to the actual operating conditions. The concentration power generation module converts the chemical potential energy between the salt solutions into electrical energy through the reverse electrodialysis process. The conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy is achieved through the above-mentioned three processes. The system structure is simple and reliable, with low control difficulty, low noise and high reliability.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] See also Figure 3 , is a structural schematic diagram of a single-feed-port reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Only the differences from Example 1 are described below.

[0074] A single-feed-inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention includes: a generation module, a working condition adjustment module, and a concentration power generation module;

[0075] The generating module comprises a continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1), a condenser (2) and a regenerator (3); the working condition regulating module comprises a first mixer (4), a dilute solution pump (6), a thermostat (7), a throttle valve (9), a second mixer (10), a concentrated solution pump (12) and a concentrated solution diverter (17); the concentration difference power generation module comprises an electrode system (13), an ion exchange membrane (14), a reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) and an external circuit (16); wherein:

[0076] The intermediate concentration solution enters the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1) from the first inlet (1-5), and the intermediate concentration solution flows from top to bottom along the heat exchange tube of the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1). The external heat source enters the temperature-variable distillation generator (1) from the second inlet (1-1) and flows from bottom to top. The intermediate concentration solution absorbs heat from the external heat source, thereby performing a continuous temperature-variable distillation process. The steam generated during the continuous temperature-variable distillation process flows out from the first outlet (1-3) and enters the condenser 2 for condensation to become condensate S1. The condensate S1 enters the first mixer (4). The concentrated solution generated during the continuous temperature-variable distillation process flows out from the second outlet (1-4), undergoes a reheating process in the regenerator (3), and becomes concentrated solution S2 after the temperature is reduced.

[0077] The condensate S1 enters the mixer (4) for concentration adjustment, then enters the dilute solution pump (6) for pressure adjustment, and then enters the thermostat (7) for temperature adjustment to become a dilute solution S3 and enter the concentration difference power generation module;

[0078] The concentrated solution S2 enters the concentrated solution diverter (17), a small portion of the solution is diverted to the mixer (4), and the remaining solution is diverted to the concentrated solution pump (12) for pressure regulation, and then enters the temperature equalizer (7) for temperature regulation to become concentrated solution S4 and enter the concentration power generation module. The flow ratio of the two solutions can be adjusted from 0% to 100%.

[0079] The dilute solution S3 and the concentrated solution S4 enter the reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) from the working condition adjustment module, and flow in a partitioned manner on both sides of the ion exchange membrane (14). The ions in the solution pass through the ion exchange membrane (14) under the action of the concentration gradient, thereby forming a directional ion flow. The electrode system (13) converts the ion flow into an electron flow, which is output by the external circuit 16. The concentrated solution S5 and the dilute solution S6 formed after the reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation process are mixed by the second mixer (10) and then enter the throttle valve (9) for pressure regulation to form an intermediate concentration solution S7. After entering the regenerator 3, the temperature rises and the solution enters the continuous temperature variable distillation generator (1) through the inlet 1-5 to perform the continuous temperature variable distillation process, thereby completing a complete working cycle.

[0080] The single-feed-port reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system provided in the above-mentioned embodiment 2 of the present invention includes a generation module, an operating condition adjustment module and a concentration power generation module. The generation module converts thermal energy into chemical potential energy between salt solutions of different concentrations. The operating condition adjustment module adjusts the temperature, pressure, concentration and flow rate of the dilute solution and the concentrated solution according to the actual operating conditions. The concentration power generation module converts the chemical potential energy between the salt solutions into electrical energy through the reverse electrodialysis process. The conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy is achieved through the above-mentioned three processes. The system structure is simple and reliable, with low control difficulty, low noise and high reliability.

[0081] The above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and specifically describes the technical principles of the present invention. These descriptions are intended only to explain the principles of the present invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Based on the explanations herein, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, as well as other specific embodiments of the present invention that can be imagined by those skilled in the art without inventive effort, shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system, characterized in that: It includes generation module, working condition adjustment module and concentration difference power generation module; The generating module comprises a continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1), a condenser (2) and a regenerator (3); the working condition regulating module comprises a first mixer (4), a dilute solution pump (6), a thermostat (7), an intermediate concentration solution diverter (8), a throttle valve (9), a second mixer (10) and a concentrated solution pump (12); the concentration difference power generation module comprises an electrode system (13), an ion exchange membrane (14), a reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) and an external circuit (16); wherein: An intermediate concentration solution enters the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1) from the first inlet (1-5), and the intermediate concentration solution flows from top to bottom along the heat exchange tube of the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1). An external heat source enters the temperature-variable distillation generator (1) from the second inlet (1-1) and flows from bottom to top. The intermediate concentration solution absorbs heat from the external heat source, thereby performing a continuous temperature-variable distillation process. Steam generated during the continuous temperature-variable distillation process flows out from the first outlet (1-3) and enters the condenser (2) for condensation to become condensate S1. The condensate S1 enters the first mixer (4). The concentrated solution generated during the continuous temperature-variable distillation process flows out from the second outlet (1-4), undergoes a reheating process in the regenerator (3), and becomes concentrated solution S2 after the temperature is lowered. The condensate S1 enters the mixer (4) for concentration adjustment, then enters the dilute solution pump (6) for pressure adjustment, and then enters the thermostat (7) for temperature adjustment to become a dilute solution S3 and enter the concentration difference power generation module; The concentrated solution S2 is pressure-regulated by the concentrated solution pump (12), then enters the thermostat (7) for temperature regulation, becomes concentrated solution S4, and enters the concentration difference power generation module; The dilute solution S3 and the concentrated solution S4 enter the reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) from the working condition adjustment module, and flow in a partitioned manner on both sides of the ion exchange membrane (14). The ions in the concentrated solution and the dilute solution pass through the ion exchange membrane (14) under the action of the concentration gradient, thereby forming a directional ion flow. The electrode system (13) converts the ion flow into an electron flow, which is output by the external circuit (16). The concentrated solution S5 and the dilute solution S6 formed after the reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation process are mixed by the second mixer (10) and enter the throttle valve (9) for pressure regulation, and then enter the intermediate concentration solution diverter (8), wherein part of the solution is diverted to the first mixer (4), and the remaining solution is diverted as the intermediate concentration solution S7 and enters the regenerator (3). The flow ratio of the two solutions flowing into the first mixer (4) and the regenerator (3) is adjustable in the range of 0% to 100%. %; After the intermediate concentration solution S7 enters the regenerator (3) for reheating, its temperature rises and it enters the continuous temperature variable distillation generator (1) through the first inlet (1-5) to undergo the continuous temperature variable distillation process, thereby completing a complete working cycle.

2. A single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system, characterized in that: include: Generation module, operating condition adjustment module and concentration difference power generation module; The generating module comprises a continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1), a condenser (2) and a regenerator (3); the working condition regulating module comprises a first mixer (4), a dilute solution pump (6), a thermostat (7), a throttle valve (9), a second mixer (10), a concentrated solution pump (12) and a concentrated solution diverter (17); the concentration difference power generation module comprises an electrode system (13), an ion exchange membrane (14), a reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) and an external circuit (16); wherein: The intermediate concentration solution enters the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1) from the first inlet (1-5), and the intermediate concentration solution flows from top to bottom along the heat exchange tube of the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1). The external heat source enters the temperature-variable distillation generator (1) from the second inlet (1-1) and flows from bottom to top. The intermediate concentration solution absorbs heat from the external heat source, thereby performing a continuous temperature-variable distillation process. The steam generated during the continuous temperature-variable distillation process flows out from the first outlet (1-3) and enters the condenser (2) for condensation to become condensate S1. The condensate S1 enters the first mixer (4). The concentrated solution generated during the continuous temperature-variable distillation process flows out from the second outlet (1-4), undergoes a reheating process in the regenerator (3), and becomes concentrated solution S2 after the temperature is reduced. The condensate S1 enters the mixer (4) for concentration adjustment, then enters the dilute solution pump (6) for pressure adjustment, and then enters the thermostat (7) for temperature adjustment to become a dilute solution S3 and enter the concentration difference power generation module; The concentrated solution S2 enters the concentrated solution diverter (17), a small portion of the solution is diverted to the mixer (4), and the remaining solution is diverted to the concentrated solution pump (12) for pressure regulation, and then enters the temperature equalizer (7) for temperature regulation to become concentrated solution S4 and enter the concentration power generation module. The flow ratio of the two solutions can be adjusted from 0% to 100%. The dilute solution S3 and the concentrated solution S4 enter the reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) from the working condition adjustment module, and flow in a partitioned manner on both sides of the ion exchange membrane (14). The ions of the concentrated solution and the dilute solution pass through the ion exchange membrane (14) under the action of the concentration gradient, thereby forming a directional ion flow. The electrode system (13) converts the ion flow into an electron flow, which is output by the external circuit (16); the concentrated solution S5 and the dilute solution S6 formed after the reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation process are mixed by the second mixer (10) and then enter the throttle valve (9) for pressure regulation, forming an intermediate concentration solution S7 and entering the regenerator (3) where the temperature rises, and then enters the continuous temperature variable distillation generator (1) through the first inlet (1-5) to perform the continuous temperature variable distillation generation process, thereby completing a complete working cycle.

3. The single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1) has a plurality of axially distributed equilibrium-stage trays filled with fillers, and the number of the equilibrium-stage trays increases or decreases according to the temperature of the heat source; or the continuous temperature-variable distillation generator (1) includes a plurality of continuous temperature-variable distillation generators connected in parallel.

4. The single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The condenser (2) adopts different methods to exchange heat with the outside, including natural convection heat exchange of air, forced convection heat exchange of air, mixed convection heat exchange of air, radiation heat exchange, natural convection heat exchange of liquid and forced convection heat exchange of liquid; when the condenser (2) adopts forced convection heat exchange, the cold and hot fluids adopt one or more of the following methods of co-current, counter-current and cross-current for heat exchange.

5. The single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The regenerator (3) and the thermostat (7) adopt one or more of the following methods for heat exchange: co-current, counter-current or cross-current; the thermostat (7) adopts a two-fluid heat exchange form, or introduces a third cooling fluid to adjust the temperature of the solution.

6. The single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The intermediate concentration solution, the dilute solution and the concentrated solution are composed of a solute and a solvent; the solute is composed of one or more pairs of anions and cations, and the cations include lithium ions, sodium ions, magnesium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, manganese ions, zinc ions, silver ions, iron ions, ferrous ions, aluminum ions, barium ions, copper ions, rubidium ions, cesium ions, strontium ions, hydrogen ions, and ammonium ions; the anions include fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, carbonate ions, bicarbonate ions, sulfate ions, bisulfate ions, sulfite ions, bisulfite ions, cobaltate ions, silver nitrate ions, hypochlorite ions, perchlorate ions, manganate ions, oxalate ions, acetate ions, hydrocyanate ions, formate ions, phosphate ions, phosphite ions, benzoate ions, sulfide ions, and chromate ions; the solute is composed of one or more liquids, and the liquids include water, ethanol, methanol, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, acetonitrile, ether, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, hexafluoroisopropanol, trifluoroethanol, trifluoroacetic acid, tetrafluorofuran, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide; the concentration range of the above-mentioned dilute solution is from zero to less than the saturation concentration of the solution, and the concentration range of the above-mentioned concentrated solution is from greater than zero to the saturation concentration.

7. The single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The intermediate concentration solution splitter (8) and the concentrated solution splitter (17) adjust the split ratio according to actual working conditions, and the adjustment range is 0% to 100%.

8. The single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The dilute solution pump (6) and the concentrated solution pump (12) include volumetric, dynamic and diaphragm types; the dilute solution pump (6) and the concentrated solution pump (12) are respectively in the form of a single unit or multiple units connected in series or in parallel.

9. The single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The electrode system (13) adopts an active electrode or an inert electrode, and the electrode system includes a lithium electrode, a carbon electrode, a carbon rod electrode, a platinum electrode, a titanium electrode, and a copper electrode; the electrode liquid is a separate redox working medium pair, or the dilute solution and the concentrated solution.

10. The single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cells of the reverse electrodialysis cell stack (15) are connected in series or in parallel.

11. The single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The ion exchange membrane (14) includes a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, and the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane are arranged alternately.

12. The single feed inlet reverse electrodialysis concentration difference power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working condition adjustment module further comprises a dilute solution storage tank (5) and a concentrated solution storage tank (11); the condensate S1 after the concentration adjustment process in the first mixer (4) enters the dilute solution storage tank (5) for solution storage, and the concentrated solution S2 after the reheating process in the regenerator (3) enters the concentrated solution storage tank (11) for solution storage.

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