A multi-scale airport bird strike prevention method based on landscape ecology

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-scale airport bird strike prevention method based on landscape ecology. It uses landscape ecology theory and safety pattern theory to construct a pattern for the birds that are key to the prevention and control of the airport, and evaluates the impact of the land and environment around the airport on the key birds. It also simulates the movement and diffusion corridors of the key birds around the airport, identifies strategic points that need to be focused on, and thus clarifies the key spatial areas that require airport bird strike prevention and control, such as key driving areas, key luring areas, and key prevention areas. The present invention uses landscape ecology theory to construct a bird safety pattern, pays attention to different types of pattern elements at different scales, and uses a method for prevention and control of the elements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bird strike prevention and control, and more specifically to a multi-scale airport bird strike prevention and control method based on landscape ecology. Background Art

[0002] Bird strike prevention and control at airports is known as a global problem and is a complex and comprehensive project. In recent years, with the popularization of environmental protection concepts and the implementation of ecological civilization construction policies, the ecological environment of the entire country has been greatly improved, with an increase in bird habitats and an increase in the number of birds. At the same time, my country's economic strength is also constantly improving, the level of urbanization is getting higher and higher, and urban agglomerations have become an important spatial form of urbanization in my country in the new era. People's living standards and consumption payment capabilities are also increasing, which requires that inter-city travel efficiency must be more and more efficient. Therefore, increasing the number of flights and building comprehensive airport hubs have become an important hardware requirement in cities, and the number of airports will also become an indispensable indicator for evaluating cities. The 2020 "Guiding Opinions of the Civil Aviation Administration on Strengthening the Overall Planning of Civil Transport Airports" stated that by 2035, the overall planning of airports will become an important guide for the sustainable development of various airports. Therefore, the status of airport planning in the entire national space planning is pivotal, which requires the rational allocation of airport space resources, strict control of airport bird strikes, and the strengthening of bird strike prevention to protect the lives and property of the people. This is not only to meet people's growing demand for a better life, but also an inevitable requirement for the high-quality development of airports in the new era. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art. Currently, there is no better prevention and control method to effectively reduce the frequency of bird strike incidents at airports. A multi-scale airport bird strike prevention and control method based on landscape ecology is provided. By using landscape ecology theory to construct a bird safety pattern, different types of pattern elements are paid attention to at different scales, and a method for preventing and controlling the elements is adopted.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0005] A multi-scale airport bird strike prevention method based on landscape ecology is carried out in the following steps:

[0006] Step S1, based on the characteristics of bird habits, obtain the resistance factors that affect bird flight, construct a multi-factor importance scaling matrix, quantify the resistance of different environmental factors to bird flight, and use this as a basis to define the spatial resistance value;

[0007] Step S2, based on the bird habitat (source) information and the spatial resistance value obtained in step S1, calculating the minimum cumulative resistance value from the bird habitat (source) to various locations;

[0008] Step S3, using the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in step S2, finding the resistance mutation threshold value, and obtaining a multi-level buffer zone for birds;

[0009] Step S4, based on the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in step S2, using a tool to obtain a set of minimum resistance values;

[0010] Step S5, based on the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in step S2, using a tool to obtain a set of maximum resistance values;

[0011] Step S6, based on the bird habitat (source) information and the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in step S2, using cost path analysis, obtain the minimum cost resistance path from each bird habitat (source) to the bird habitats other than itself;

[0012] Step S7, based on the minimum resistance value set obtained in step S4 and the minimum cost resistance path obtained in step S6, using a clipping tool to obtain the intersection of the two, which is the strategic point;

[0013] Step S8, based on the maximum resistance value set obtained in step S5 and the minimum cost resistance path obtained in step S6, using a clipping tool to obtain the intersection of the two, which is the strategic point;

[0014] Step S9, based on the strategic points obtained in step S7 and step S8, strategic points of different natures are selected according to three different standards: key driving away area, key luring area and key prevention area.

[0015] In step S1, various factors that create resistance to bird flight include environmental factors, interference factors, and ecological factors.

[0016] In step S4, the method for obtaining the minimum resistance value set and the maximum resistance value set includes a hydrological analysis method.

[0017] In step S5, the method for obtaining the minimum resistance value set and the maximum resistance value set includes a hydrological analysis method.

[0018] In step S9, the following steps are performed:

[0019] Step S9-1, the strategic point of focus in the key driving area is the intersection point obtained based on step S7;

[0020] Step S9-2, the strategic point of the key driving area is the intersection point obtained based on step S7 on the side close to the key driving area, and is the intersection point obtained based on step S8 on the side close to the key luring area;

[0021] Step S9-3, the strategic point focused on in the key attraction area is the intersection point obtained based on step S8.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention is divided into multiple scale ranges for research and is not limited to a single bird-repelling study. Instead, it uses a combination of thrust and gravity to transfer birds in areas at risk of bird strikes to safe areas, which not only meets the requirements of ecological protection in the new era, but also can achieve the effect of reducing the probability of bird strikes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a framework diagram of the multi-scale airport bird strike prevention method based on landscape ecology of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the multi-scale airport bird strike prevention method based on landscape ecology of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a high-risk bird resistance overlay evaluation map;

[0026] Figure 4 It is the minimum cumulative resistance surface map for high-risk birds;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a level 3 buffer zone map for high-risk birds;

[0028] Figure 6 It is the minimum set of minimum resistance values ​​for high-risk birds;

[0029] Figure 7 It is the maximum value set among the minimum resistance values ​​of high-risk birds;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a safety pattern diagram for high-risk birds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through specific embodiments.

[0032] A multi-scale airport bird strike prevention method based on landscape ecology is carried out in the following steps:

[0033] S1, based on the characteristics of bird habits, obtain the factors that affect bird flight, construct a multi-factor importance scaling matrix, quantify the resistance of different environmental factors to bird flight, and use this as a basis to define the spatial resistance value.

[0034] Among them, the first-level indicators of multiple resistance factors include but are not limited to ecological type factors, distance factors, and foraging condition factors; the second-level indicators include but are not limited to land use type, distance to cultivated land, distance to forest, grass and shrubs, distance to water system wetlands, distance to built-up areas, distance to bare land, number of natural enemies, food richness, and concealment. Use the analytic hierarchy process to construct a judgment matrix, in which the score of the judgment matrix needs to consider the professional advice of experts. Perform a consistency test on the eigenvectors and eigenroots of the judgment matrix. If they meet the requirements, they can be used. Otherwise, the comparison matrix needs to be reconstructed. The eigenvector is the weight of the influencing factor, and the spatial resistance value is defined based on this, such as Figure 3 , red represents a large resistance value, and green represents a small resistance value;

[0035] S2, based on the bird habitat (source) information and the spatial resistance value obtained in S1, uses the minimum cumulative resistance model, the formula is as follows:

[0036]

[0037] MCR represents the minimum cumulative resistance value that needs to be calculated; Hij represents the distance that needs to be traversed from any point i in space to the source grid j; Ri represents the resistance value of the spatial unit; the minimum value of the sum of the two multiplies is the minimum cumulative resistance value required for the study, and the minimum cumulative resistance value from the bird habitat (source) to each location is calculated, such as Figure 4 ;

[0038] S3, using the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in S2, finds the resistance mutation threshold and obtains the multi-level buffer zone for birds. The resistance mutation threshold can be obtained using the histogram, and the mutation threshold selects the first three mutation values ​​to obtain a three-level buffer zone, such as Figure 5 As shown, the colors from dark to light are the primary buffer, the secondary buffer, and the tertiary buffer;

[0039] S4, based on the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in S2, uses hydrological analysis tools to obtain a valley line similar to the elevation data, which is the minimum resistance value set, such as Figure 6 As shown;

[0040] S5, based on the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in S2, uses hydrological analysis tools to obtain the ridge line similar to the elevation data, which is the maximum resistance value set, such as Figure 7 As shown;

[0041] S6, based on the bird habitat (source) information and the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in S2, first generate a cost backlink; then based on the minimum cumulative resistance value and the cost backlink, one bird habitat block is the source, and the remaining bird habitat blocks are the sinks, and the minimum cost path tool is used to obtain the minimum cost resistance path from each bird habitat (source) to each other bird habitat except itself, such as Figure 8 As shown;

[0042] S7, based on the minimum resistance value set obtained in S4 and the minimum cost resistance path obtained in S6, the intersection of the two is obtained by using the clipping tool, which is the strategic point, or the strategic point is obtained by directly visually creating the intersection element;

[0043] S8, based on the maximum resistance value set obtained in S5 and the minimum cost resistance path obtained in S6, the intersection of the two is obtained by using the clipping tool, which is the strategic point, or the strategic point is obtained by directly visually creating the intersection element;

[0044] S9. The strategic points that need to be focused on in the key driving away area are the strategic points obtained based on S7, the strategic points that need to be focused on in the key prevention area are the strategic points obtained based on S7 on the side close to the key driving away area, the strategic points obtained based on S8 on the side close to the key luring area, and the strategic points that need to be focused on in the key luring area are the strategic points obtained based on S8. Among them, the scale selection of key driving away areas, key prevention areas, and key luring areas needs to refer to the "Wildlife Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" (implemented on March 1, 1989), "2020 Wildlife Protection Implementation Regulations" (implemented on July 4, 2020), "Civil Airport Bird Ecological Environment Survey Guide" (issued on September 21, 2010), "Civil Airport Bird Prevention Work Assessment Manual" (issued on August 27, 2017), "Air Force Airport Bird Strike Prevention Work Regulations"

[2019] Order No. 82, "Annex XIV Airports" of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, and the People's Republic of China Industry Standard "Civil Airport Airfield Technical Standards" and other relevant clearance management requirements. It can be divided into three scales: the key driving away area is within 8 kilometers, the key prevention area is within 8-15 kilometers, and the key luring area is within 15-20 kilometers.

[0045] The present invention is described above by way of example. It should be noted that, without departing from the core of the present invention, any simple deformation, modification or other equivalent replacement that can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive effort falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-scale airport bird strike prevention method based on landscape ecology, characterized by: Follow the steps below: Step S1, based on the characteristics of bird habits, obtain the resistance factors that affect bird flight, construct a multi-factor importance scaling matrix, quantify the resistance of different environmental factors to bird flight, and use this as a basis to define the spatial resistance value; the first-level indicators of multiple resistance factors include but are not limited to ecological type factors, distance factors, and foraging condition factors; the second-level indicators include but are not limited to land use type, distance to cultivated land, distance to forest, grass and shrubs, distance to water system wetlands, distance to built-up areas, distance to bare land, number of natural enemies, food abundance, and concealment; Step S2, calculating the minimum cumulative resistance value from the bird habitat to various locations based on the bird habitat information and the spatial resistance value obtained in step S1; Step S3, using the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in step S2, finding the resistance mutation threshold value, and obtaining a multi-level buffer zone for birds; Step S4, based on the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in step S2, using a tool to obtain a set of minimum resistance values; Step S5, based on the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in step S2, using a tool to obtain a set of maximum resistance values; Step S6, based on the bird habitat information and the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in step S2, using cost path analysis, obtain the minimum cost resistance path from each bird habitat to other bird habitats except itself; Step S7, based on the minimum resistance value set obtained in step S4 and the minimum cost resistance path obtained in step S6, using a clipping tool to obtain the intersection of the two, that is, the first strategic point; Step S8, based on the maximum resistance value set obtained in step S5 and the minimum cost resistance path obtained in step S6, using a clipping tool to obtain the intersection of the two, i.e., the second strategic point; Step S9, based on the first strategic point and the second strategic point obtained in step S7 and step S8, strategic points of different natures are selected according to three different standards of key driving away area, key luring area and key prevention area; in step S9, the following steps are performed: Step S9-1, the strategic point of focus in the key driving area is the intersection point obtained based on step S7; Step S9-2, the strategic point of the key driving area is the intersection point obtained based on step S7 on the side close to the key driving area, and is the intersection point obtained based on step S8 on the side close to the key luring area; Step S9-3, the strategic point focused on in the key attraction area is the intersection point obtained based on step S7.

2. The multi-scale airport bird strike prevention method based on landscape ecology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, various factors that create resistance to bird flight include environmental factors, interference factors, and ecological factors.

3. The multi-scale airport bird strike prevention method based on landscape ecology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, based on the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in step S2, a set of minimum resistance values ​​is obtained using a hydrological analysis tool.

4. The multi-scale airport bird strike prevention method based on landscape ecology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, based on the minimum cumulative resistance value obtained in step S2, a set of maximum resistance values ​​is obtained using a hydrological analysis tool.

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