A patch antenna system

Abstract

The present invention provides a patch antenna system, which is characterized by comprising a first PCB board, a second PCB board and support columns; a copper foil is coated on the upper layer of the first PCB board, and a first reflection structure, a second reflection structure and a first strip structure are formed; the second PCB board is a double-sided copper-clad structure; the upper surface is copper-clad to form a rectangular first patch antenna, a second patch antenna and a second strip structure, and the lower surface is covered with a complete copper foil to form a ground structure of the antenna; the support columns are arranged at positions corresponding to the four corners of the first PCB board and the second PCB board, and the support columns support between the first PCB board and the second PCB board. Through the partial reflection principle, the reflected far-field energy and the coupled near-field energy are offset from each other, so as to achieve good isolation between the closely arranged patch antenna systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and particularly to a design of an antenna system structure for decoupling a patch antenna. Background Art

[0002] Patch antenna: An antenna whose radiation element is in the form of a patch is called a patch antenna. The main components of a patch antenna are composed of a radiation patch structure, a dielectric structure, and a ground plane. According to the shape of the patch, it can be divided into rectangular patch, circular patch, triangular patch antennas, etc. The radiation mechanisms of these antennas are the same, and they all radiate by using the equivalent magnetic current of the electric field between the patch edge and the ground plane.

[0003] Decoupling: Decoupling in an antenna refers to reducing the coupling between antenna elements. If the antennas are named 1 and 2, then S21 represents the coupling between the antennas. The smaller S21 is, the smaller the coupling between the antennas, and the more obvious the decoupling effect. For a MIMO antenna system, antenna decoupling is a very critical design index, and the absolute value of S21 is also called the isolation degree between the two antennas.

[0004] Decoupling of patch antennas has always been a technical difficulty. Generally, decoupling is carried out by means of a defected ground, but this decoupling technology will damage the integrity of the ground plane, resulting in the destruction of the radiation characteristics of the patch antenna itself, and further increasing the design difficulty of the overall antenna system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a patch antenna system to solve the problem of how to achieve decoupling of the patch antenna and achieve a good isolation degree between closely arranged patch antennas.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a patch antenna system, which is characterized by comprising a first PCB board, a second PCB board and support columns; the upper layer of the first PCB board is coated with copper foil, and is provided with a first reflection structure, a second reflection structure and a first strip structure; the second PCB board is a double-sided copper-clad structure; the upper surface is copper-clad and is provided with a rectangular first patch antenna, a second patch antenna and a second strip structure, and the lower surface is covered with a complete copper foil to form the floor structure of the antenna; the support columns are provided at the positions corresponding to the four corners of the first PCB board and the second PCB board, and the support columns support between the first PCB board and the second PCB board; the second reflection structure is distributed from top to bottom in the middle part of the first PCB board; the first reflection structures are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the second reflection structure; the first strip structure is symmetrically and vertically distributed between the first reflection structure and the second reflection structure; the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the upper surface of the second PCB board; the second strip structure is horizontally distributed on the upper and lower sides of the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna; the first patch antenna is provided with a first feeding point at the lower left corner; the second patch antenna is provided with a second feeding point at the lower left corner.

[0007] Optionally, in the patch antenna system, the lengths of the first PCB board and the second PCB board are both 88 ± 8.8 mm, and the widths are both 40 ± 4 mm.

[0008] Optionally, in the patch antenna system, the support columns are made of insulating material.

[0009] Optionally, in the patch antenna system, the length of the support columns is 43.5 ± 0.5 mm.

[0010] Optionally, in the patch antenna system, the first reflection structure is a circular ring or a rectangular ring or a "worker"-shaped structure.

[0011] Optionally, in the patch antenna system, the number of the first reflection structures is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0012] Optionally, in the patch antenna system, the second reflection structure is a circular ring or a rectangular ring or a "worker"-shaped structure.

[0013] Optionally, in the patch antenna system, the number of the second reflection structures is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0014] Optionally, in the patch antenna system, the length of the first strip structure is 23.5 ± 2 mm, the width is 1 ± 0.1 mm, and the distance from the second reflection structure is 6 ± 0.6 mm.

[0015] Optionally, in the described patch antenna system, the lengths of the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna are 31.5 ± 3 mm, and the widths are 28.5 ± 2 mm.

[0016] Optionally, in the described patch antenna system, the distances of the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna from the nearest long edge of the second PCB board are 5.75 ± 0.5 mm, and the distances from the nearest short edge are 8.25 ± 0.8 mm.

[0017] Optionally, in the described patch antenna system, the length of the second strip structure is 23.5 ± 2 mm, the width is 1 ± 0.1 mm, and the distance from the nearest long side of the second PCB board is 1.95 ± 0.1 mm.

[0018] The present invention provides a patch antenna system, which is characterized by comprising a first PCB board, a second PCB board and support columns; the upper layer of the first PCB board is coated with copper foil, and a first reflection structure, a second reflection structure and a first strip structure are formed; the second PCB board is a double-sided copper-clad structure; the upper surface is copper-clad to form a rectangular first patch antenna, a second patch antenna and a second strip structure, and the lower surface is copper-clad with a complete copper foil to form the ground structure of the antenna; the support columns are arranged at the corresponding positions of the four corners of the first PCB board and the second PCB board, and the support columns support between the first PCB board and the second PCB board. Through the partial reflection principle, the far-field energy of reflection and the near-field energy of coupling are offset from each other, so as to achieve that there is still a good isolation degree between the closely arranged patch antenna systems, and the structure of the antenna system will not damage the integrity of the ground, thereby ensuring that the antenna solution is easy to be integrated with radio frequency and baseband systems with high requirements for ground integrity. Description of the Drawings

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the patch antenna system provided in this embodiment;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the first PCB board of the patch antenna system provided in this embodiment;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the second PCB board of the patch antenna system provided in this embodiment;

[0023] Figure 4 Decoupling schematic diagram of the patch antenna system provided in this embodiment;

[0024] Figure 5 Comparison diagram of S-parameter simulation results of the patch antenna system provided in this embodiment;

[0025] Figure 6 Simulated radiation pattern of the patch antenna system provided in this embodiment;

[0026] Among them, the descriptions of each reference numeral are as follows:

[0027] 1 - First PCB board; 2 - Second PCB board; 3 - Support pillar; 11 - First reflection structure; 12 - First strip structure; 13 - Second reflection structure; 21 - Second strip structure; 22 - First patch antenna; 23 - Second patch antenna; 24 - First feeding point; 25 - Second feeding point. Specific implementation manner

[0028] The following further describes in detail a patch antenna system proposed by the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise scales, only for conveniently and clearly assisting in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the structures shown in the accompanying drawings are often part of the actual structures. In particular, the accompanying drawings need to show different emphases and sometimes use different scales.

[0029] It should be noted that the "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims and drawings of the present invention are used to distinguish similar objects in order to describe the embodiments of the present invention, rather than to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such structures can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0030] This embodiment provides a patch antenna system, including a first PCB board 1, a second PCB board 2 and a support pillar 3; the upper layer of the first PCB board 1 is coated with copper foil, and a first reflection structure 11, a second reflection structure 13 and a first strip structure 12 are formed; the second PCB board 2 is a double-sided copper-clad structure; the upper surface is copper-clad to form a rectangular first patch antenna 22, a second patch antenna 23 and a second strip structure 21, and the lower surface is covered with a complete copper foil to form the ground structure of the antenna; the support pillar 3 is provided at the positions corresponding to the four corners of the first PCB board 1 and the second PCB board 2;

[0031] Figure 1 The structural diagram of the patch antenna system provided for this embodiment is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the support column 3 is supported between the first PCB board 1 and the second PCB board 2. Preferably, the support column 3 is made of an insulating material to ensure a good electrical isolation between the first PCB board 1 and the second PCB board 2. Preferably, the length of the support column is 43.5 ± 0.5 mm.

[0032] Figure 2 The structural diagram of the first PCB board of the patch antenna system provided for this embodiment is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the number of the second reflection structures 13 is 3, and they are distributed from top to bottom in the middle part of the first PCB board 1; the total number of the first reflection structures 11 is 6, and they are symmetrically distributed in groups of three on both sides of the second reflection structure 13; the first strip structures 12 are symmetrically distributed vertically between the first reflection structures 11 and the second reflection structures 13.

[0033] More preferably, in this embodiment, the first reflection structure 11 is circular, the diameter of the first reflection structure 11 is 8.4 ± 0.1 mm, the distance between the first reflection structures 11 at the upper and lower sides and the nearest long edge of the first PCB board 1 is 6.4 ± 0.1 mm, the distance between each adjacent pair of the first reflection structures 11 is 1 ± 0.1 mm, and the distance between the first reflection structure 11 and the nearest short edge of the first PCB board 1 is 23.6 ± 2 mm; the second reflection structure 13 is also circular, with a diameter of 11 ± 0.1 mm, the distance between the second reflection structures 13 at the upper and lower sides and the nearest upper and lower edges of the first PCB board 1 is 2.5 ± 0.1 mm, and the distance between adjacent second reflection structures 13 is 1 ± 0.1 mm; the length of the first strip structure 12 is 23.5 ± 2 mm, the width is 1 ± 0.1 mm, and the distance from the second reflection structure 13 is 6 ± 0.6 mm; the first strip structure 12 mainly separates the first reflection structure 11 and the second reflection structure 13, so that rings of different sizes can be isolated, and it is easier to adjust the phase difference generated by the reflection of electromagnetic waves irradiated on the first PCB board 1 through the ring size itself, so as to better achieve the mutual cancellation of coupling vectors.

[0034] Figure 3It is a structural diagram of the second PCB board 2 of the patch antenna system provided in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the first patch antenna 22 and the second patch antenna 23 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the upper surface of the second PCB board 2; two sets of the second strip structures 21 are horizontally distributed on the upper and lower sides of the first patch antenna 22 and the second patch antenna 23; the first patch antenna 22 and the second patch antenna 23 are respectively provided with a first feeding point 24 and a second feeding point 25 at the same position.

[0035] Preferably, the first PCB board 1 and the second PCB board 2 have the same size, with a length of 88 ± 8.8 mm and a width of 40 ± 4 mm.

[0036] Preferably, the first patch antenna 22 and the second patch antenna 23 have a length of 31.5 ± 3 mm and a width of 28.5 ± 2 mm; the distances from the first patch antenna 22 and the second patch antenna 23 to the nearest long edge of the second PCB board 2 are 5.75 ± 0.5 mm, and the distances to the nearest short edge of the second PCB board 2 are 8.25 ± 0.8 mm; the length of the second strip structure 21 is 23.5 ± 2 mm, the width is 1 ± 0.1 mm, and the distance to the nearest long side of the second PCB board 2 is 1.95 ± 0.1 mm; the distance from the first feeding point 24 to the nearest long side of the first patch antenna 22 is 6.1 ± 0.6 mm, and the distance to the nearest long side of the first patch antenna 22 is 6 ± 0.6 mm. The distance from the second feeding point 25 to the nearest long side of the second patch antenna 23 is 6.1 ± 0.6 mm, and the distance to the nearest long side of the second patch antenna 23 is 6 ± 0.6 mm.

[0037] Figure 4This is the decoupling schematic diagram of the patch antenna system provided in this embodiment. This figure only gives a simple description of the decoupling principle. It can be seen from the figure that in addition to directly coupling to interfere with the patch antenna 23, the first patch antenna 22 also radiates energy upward. The first reflection structure 11, the second reflection structure 13, and the first strip structure 12 on the first PCB board 1 will reflect this part of the energy, and the reflected energy and the direct coupling energy can cancel each other out; through the circular ring structure design, it is ensured that the electromagnetic energy is irradiated from the patch antenna to the circular ring structure on the PCB-1 and then reflected. The complete metal structure reflecting electromagnetic waves will bring a 180° phase mutation; different sizes of circular ring structures can cause phase mutations at different angles between 0-180°, and the phase change can be changed by adjusting the size of the circular ring, so as to ensure that the vector sum of the direct coupling and the coupling vector after reflection by the PCB-1 cancel each other out, achieving the effect of improving the isolation between antennas. The settings of the first reflection structure 11, the second reflection structure 13, and the first strip structure 12 on the first PCB board 1 can realize a 180° inversion of the phase difference formed by the phase mutation of the reflected phase and the path of the energy, so the vectors can cancel each other out; therefore, the decoupling principle can be summarized as the cancellation of near-field energy and far-field energy.

[0038] It should be noted that the shape, position, and number of the above reflection structures are only the preferred cases of this embodiment. As is well known to those skilled in the art, the reflection structure can also be a rectangular ring or an "I" - shaped structure, and the reflection structure can also be of other numbers or in other positions. As long as the electromagnetic wave is reflected by the reflection structure to achieve a 180° phase mutation, the decoupling of the patch antenna can be realized.

[0039] Furthermore, the setting of the second strip structure 21 can improve the isolation between the first patch antenna 22 and the second patch antenna 23, thereby improving the overall radiation efficiency of the antenna system.

[0040] Figure 5 This is the comparison diagram of the S - parameter simulation results of the patch antenna system provided in this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the change of S11 before and after the optimization of the antenna system is not obvious, but S21 is significantly optimized from - 7dB to below - 20dB, achieving a good isolation optimization effect.

[0041] Figure 6 This is the simulated radiation pattern of the patch antenna system provided in this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the isolation optimization structure does not affect the shape of the radiation pattern and the radiation gain of the entire antenna. The gain of the antenna system reaches more than 3.7dBi, and there is no obvious depression in the radiation pattern, achieving good radiation.

[0042] In summary, this embodiment provides a patch antenna system, which is characterized by including a first PCB board, a second PCB board and support columns; a copper foil is coated on the upper layer of the first PCB board to form a first reflection structure, a second reflection structure and a first strip structure; the second PCB board is a double-sided copper-clad structure; the upper surface is copper-clad to form a rectangular first patch antenna, a second patch antenna and a second strip structure, and the lower surface is covered with a complete copper foil to form the ground structure of the antenna; the support columns are provided at the positions corresponding to the four corners of the first PCB board and the second PCB board, and the support columns support between the first PCB board and the second PCB board. Through the partial reflection principle, the far-field energy of reflection and the near-field energy of coupling are offset from each other, so as to achieve that there is still a good isolation degree between the closely arranged patch antenna systems, and the integrity of the ground will not be damaged by the structure of the antenna system, thereby ensuring that the antenna solution is easy to be integrated with the radio frequency and baseband systems with high requirements for ground integrity.

[0043] The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Any changes and modifications made by those of ordinary skill in the art of the present invention according to the above disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A patch antenna system, characterized in that, It includes a first PCB board, a second PCB board and support columns; a copper foil is coated on the upper layer of the first PCB board, and a first reflection structure, a second reflection structure and a first strip structure are provided; the second PCB board is a double-sided copper-clad structure; the upper surface is copper-clad and provided with a rectangular first patch antenna, a second patch antenna and a second strip structure, and the lower surface is covered with a complete copper foil to form the ground structure of the antenna; the support columns are provided at the positions corresponding to the four corners of the first PCB board and the second PCB board, and the support columns support between the first PCB board and the second PCB board; the second reflection structure is distributed from top to bottom in the middle part of the first PCB board; the first reflection structure is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the second reflection structure; the first strip structure is symmetrically and vertically distributed between the first reflection structure and the second reflection structure; the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the upper surface of the second PCB board; the second strip structure is horizontally distributed on the upper and lower sides of the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna; the first patch antenna has a first feeding point at the lower left corner; the second patch antenna has a second feeding point at the lower left corner.

2. The patch antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lengths of the first PCB board and the second PCB board are both 88 ± 8.8 mm, and the widths are both 40 ± 4 mm.

3. The patch antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support columns are made of insulating material.

4. The patch antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the support columns is 43.5 ± 0.5 mm.

5. The patch antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first reflection structure is a circular ring or a rectangular ring or an "I" - shaped structure.

6. The patch antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the first reflection structures is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

7. The patch antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second reflection structure is a circular ring or a rectangular ring or an "I" - shaped structure.

8. The patch antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the second reflection structures is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

9. The patch antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the first strip structure is 23.5 ± 2 mm, the width is 1 ± 0.1 mm, and the distance from the second reflection structure is 6 ± 0.6 mm.

10. The patch antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lengths of the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna are 31.5 ± 3 mm, and the widths are 28.5 ± 2 mm.

11. The patch antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distances from the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna to the nearest long edge of the second PCB board are 5.75 ± 0.5 mm, and the distances to the nearest short edge are 8.25 ± 0.8 mm.

12. The patch antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the second strip structure is 23.5 ± 2 mm, the width is 1 ± 0.1 mm, and the distance from the nearest long side of the second PCB board is 1.95 ± 0.1 mm.

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