Hairpin winding for motor stator

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator (1) for an electric machine (401), comprising: a plurality of pins (2, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36) arranged in slots (5, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58) in the stator (1) in concentric circles (7) at different distances from a center point (M) of the stator, each concentric circle forming a layer (L1, L2, L3, L4), wherein four corresponding pins (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36) in different layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) are arranged in slots (5, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58) of the stator (1) in concentric circles (7) at different distances from a center point (M) of the stator, each concentric circle forming a layer (L1, L2, L3, L4) 4) are connected in series with each other to form a winding (41): a first pin (21) of the winding (41) is located in a first slot (51) in a 4n‑3 layer (L1), wherein n is a natural number; a second pin (22) of the winding (41) is located in a second slot (52) in a 4n‑2 layer (L2), wherein the second slot (52) is at a first radial distance (71) from the first slot (51) in a first circumferential direction of the stator (1); a third pin (23) of the winding (41) is located in the first slot (51) in a 4n layer (L4); and a fourth pin (24) of the winding (41) is located in the second slot (52) in a 4n‑3 layer (L3).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a stator with a pin for an electric machine, in particular an electric motor. Background Art

[0002] Electric machines are well known and are increasingly used as electric motors for driving vehicles. An electric machine consists of a stator and a rotor.

[0003] The stator comprises a number of slots in which the windings are guided. The windings may be formed of insulated copper rods in the form of pins. The rotor is located in the stator and is connected to the rotor shaft.

[0004] Such a pin motor, U-shaped pin motor or hairpin motor is known, for example, from US Pat. No. 9,136,738 B2. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the invention is to provide a stator with windings consisting of pins which is easy to manufacture.

[0006] According to the present invention, a stator for an electric motor comprises a plurality of pins arranged on concentric circles at different distances from a stator center point (M) in a slot in the stator, and each concentric circle forms a layer; wherein four pins in different layers are connected in series with each other and form a winding. A first pin of the winding is located in a first slot in a 4n-3 layer, wherein n is a natural number, a second pin of the winding is located in a second slot in a 4n-2 layer, wherein the second slot is at a first radial distance from the first slot in a first circumferential direction of the stator, a third pin of the winding is located in a first slot in a 4n layer, and a fourth pin of the winding is located in a second slot in a 4n-1 layer.

[0007] A stator with a winding according to the invention can be easily produced and generates an effective electromagnetic field. These connection types produce an electrically conductive connection between the pins in the slots. This connection type can be welding the conductor to the pin, or the pin can already be in the form of a double pin or a so-called U-pin, so that the connection is already formed when inserted into the stator. The ends of the pins bent towards each other are welded together, which also constitutes a connection type.

[0008] The layers may be numbered in increasing order from the outside to the inside relative to the center point of the stator.

[0009] Preferably, the stator includes a first and a second end face; and the first and second pins are connected to each other on the second end face by a first connection type; the second and third pins are connected to each other on the first end face by a second connection type; the third and fourth pins are connected to each other on the second end face by a third connection type, wherein the first, second and third connection types are different from each other.

[0010] The different connection types allow improved manufacturing. The alternation of the positions of these connection types on the different end faces allows efficient formation of the windings around the stator teeth located between the slots.

[0011] Even the same end face of the stator may have different connection types due to the pins being bent in different directions relative to the inside or outside of the stator.

[0012] Combinations of the above-mentioned connection types on different or the same end faces of the stator are also possible. The same connection type on the same end face of the stator and different connection types on different end faces make easy and fast manufacturing possible. For example, on one end face, the connection is produced by a pre-bent pin, which is called a double pin or a U-shaped pin, while on the other end face of the stator, the individual sides of the single pin or double pin are welded to each other. The welding point may be located at the foot of the single pin or double pin.

[0013] In one embodiment of the invention, the stator may comprise at least two windings, and at least a fourth pin in the second slot may be connected to a fifth pin in the 4n-3 layer in the third slot by a fourth connection type.

[0014] Furthermore, the stator can preferably comprise a plurality of windings which extend over the entire circumference of the stator, thereby forming partial coils.

[0015] This means that the windings have symmetry, resulting in a uniform rotating field.

[0016] In another embodiment, the corresponding pins of two partial coils can be connected to each other via a fifth connection type.

[0017] The fifth connection type can be realized, for example, by means of specially bent pins.

[0018] Preferably, at least two partial coils can form the coil.

[0019] Furthermore, preferably, the corresponding pins of the two coils can be connected to each other via a sixth connection type.

[0020] A sixth connection type may be produced by a conductor attached to a pin or by a conductive ring.

[0021] The two coils can be connected in parallel and can additionally be fed by the same phase. The parallel connection can be achieved by connecting the first and fifth or fourth and eighth terminal pins in pairs.

[0022] The two coils can be connected in parallel and can additionally be fed by the same phase.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the partial coils may form six coils, and six phases may be allocated to them such that two coils allocated to different phases are located in adjacent slots, respectively.

[0024] Furthermore, the two phases may each have approximately the same current and voltage curves, so that a six-phase inverter can control only a three-phase motor. This arrangement makes it possible to distribute the current of the switching elements in the inverter.

[0025] Preferably, the respective other pins of the two coils can be connected to one another and the two coils can thus be connected in parallel, in particular assigned to one phase.

[0026] Thus, two coils of adjacent slots can be connected in parallel and fed by one phase, resulting in a stator with windings for a three-phase motor.

[0027] In one embodiment, the second connection type may include a first double pin formed by the second pin and the third pin, wherein the first double pin has two inwardly bent pin legs with corresponding welding points, and the first double pin bridges the first radial distance.

[0028] The double pin can be inserted into the stator from one end face and welded to another double pin at the other end face.

[0029] Preferably, the fourth connection type may include a second double pin formed by the fourth pin and the fifth pin, wherein the second double pin has two outwardly bent pin legs, the pin legs have corresponding welding points, and the second double pin bridges the first radial distance.

[0030] The first distance describes the number of slots to be bridged. The actual spatial distance to be bridged depends on the position of the pins in the layer, since double pins connect different layers.

[0031] Furthermore, preferably, the fifth connection type may include a third double pin formed by the two first end pins, wherein the third double pin has two pin legs bent in the same direction and having corresponding welding points, and the third double pin bridges the second radial distance.

[0032] The second radial distance may be shorter than the first radial distance by at least one slot.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, the single pin may include a second end pin and a pin leg bent clockwise.

[0034] Preferably, the first connection type may be formed by a welding connection between a first welding point at a pin foot of the second double pin or the first single pin and a second welding point at a pin foot of the first double pin or the third double pin.

[0035] In another embodiment, the third connection type may be formed by a welded connection between a third weld point at the pin foot of the first double pin or the second single pin and a fourth weld point at the pin foot of the second double pin or the third double pin.

[0036] According to the invention, a vehicle comprises an electric machine having a stator according to one of the preferred embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 The stator is shown.

[0038] Figure 2 A stator with eight slots and four layers is shown.

[0039] Figure 3 The winding pattern of the first portion of the coil is shown.

[0040] Figure 4 The winding pattern of the second portion of the coil is shown.

[0041] Figure 5 The stator and therefore the coils are shown with two coil sections and their connection to one another.

[0042] Figure 6 A stator is shown having two coils consisting of two respective partial coils.

[0043] Figure 7 A stator with two further coils is shown.

[0044] Figure 8 A stator with two further coils is shown.

[0045] Fig. 9 A stator with six coils is shown.

[0046] Fig.10 The winding patterns of the two coils are shown.

[0047] Fig.11 Two single pins are shown.

[0048] Fig.12 A double pin is shown with the pin legs bent inwardly.

[0049] Fig.13 A double pin is shown with the pin legs bent outwardly.

[0050] Fig.14 A double pin is shown having one inwardly curved leg and one outwardly curved leg.

[0051] Fig.15 A vehicle is shown having an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor, with a stator having a connection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] Figure 1A stator 1 is shown with a plurality of slots 5 in which pins 3 are guided. The stator has a first end face 7 and a second end face 9. Furthermore, an interface 11 is located on the first end face 7, via which the stator can be connected to an inverter. The interface 11 is connected to the pins via a sixth connection type 66. Of course, the rotor is also necessary for the operation of the electric machine.

[0053] Figure 2 A stator 1 is shown with slots 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 and pins 21, 22, 23, 24 on four layers, only eight slots are shown. The pins are arranged in the slots. The pins are adjacent to each other in the slots; Figure 2 In the example of , four pins are placed side by side in one slot. Therefore, the four pins in one slot are located on different concentric circles L1, L2, L3, L4 around the stator center point M, which circles thus form separate layers. There is a distance 71 between two corresponding slots. This distance 71 is Figure 2 All slots shown are identical.

[0054] Figure 3 Shows Figure 2 The stator 1 in FIG. The pins are still arranged on concentric circles, that is to say on layers, which are not drawn for the sake of a better illustration. Figure 3 It is shown which pins are connected in series with each other. For greater clarity, the pins are only located in the rectangles filled with black. The white rectangles are not taken into account in this figure, but only clarify the layer in which the described pins are located. The first pin 21 is located in the first slot 51 in the layer L1. This first pin 21 is connected to the second pin 22 in the slot 52 via the first connection type 61, as shown by the dashed line. The second pin 22 is located in the layer L2. The second pin 22 is connected to the third pin 23 in the slot 51 via the second connection type 62, as shown by the short dashed line. The third pin 23 is in turn located in the first slot 51, that is to say in the same slot as the first pin 21. However, the third pin 23 is located in the layer L4. Therefore, in the slot 51, there is still room for two further pins between the first pin 21 and the third pin 23. This is shown by the two white rectangles in the form of placeholders. The third pin 23 is connected to the fourth pin 24 via the third connection type 63, as shown by the solid line. The fourth pin 24 is located in the same slot 52 as the second pin 22. The fourth pin 24 is located in the layer L3 directly adjacent to the second pin 22. Thus, in the slot 52, in the layers L1 and L4 adjacent to the two pins 22, 24, there is still space for two further pins. This is shown by two white rectangles in the form of placeholders. The four pins 21, 22, 23, 24 and their connections resulting from the different connection types 61, 62, 63 form the first winding 41.

[0055] The fourth pin 24 is connected to the fifth pin 25 in the third slot 53 via the fourth connection type 64, as shown by the long dashed line. For the fifth pin 25, the above series connection of subsequent pins in the stator starts again, the position of the fifth pin 25 being rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise relative to the position of the first pin 21.

[0056] The series connection of the fifth pin 25 with the other pins in slots 53 and 54 forms the second winding 42. The first, second and third connection types 61, 62, 63 between these pins are respectively identical to those of the pins of the first winding 41.

[0057] The two windings 41, 42 are connected via a fourth connection type 64. The continuation of the series connection forms the winding 43 in the slots 55, 56 and the winding 44 in the slots 57, 58. The windings 42, 43, 44 are each connected via a fourth connection type 64. Therefore, the fourth connection type 64 is identical between the individual windings 41, 42, 43, 44. This is also the case if the first, second and third connection types 61, 62, 63 between the pins of the windings 43, 44 are identical to the first, second and third connection types 61, 62, 63 of the windings 41, 42.

[0058] The four windings 41, 42, 43, 44 form a first partial coil by a counterclockwise loop around the stator 1. The last pin in this partial coil is the end pin 26.

[0059] Figure 4 Shows Figure 3 The stator 1 in FIG. 1 shows eight slots 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, which are located Figure 3 to the left of the slot and immediately adjacent to Figure 3 slot.

[0060] Pins 31, 32, 33, 34 are connected with Figure 3 The pins 21, 22, 23, and 24 are connected in series in the same manner. The corresponding connection type is Figure 3 The winding 45 constitutes a special feature and is indicated by the same reference numerals. Figure 5 Described in. Figure 4 It can be clearly seen that the pins of windings 46, 47, 48 have the same Figure 3The first pin 31 of the second partial coil is located in the first slot 94 in layer L1. This first pin 31 is connected to the second pin 32 in the slot 93 via the first connection type 61, as shown by the dashed line. The second pin 32 is located in layer L2. The second pin 32 is connected to the third pin 33 in the slot 94 via the second connection type 62, as shown by the short dashed line. The third pin 33 is again located in the first slot 94, that is to say in the same slot as the first pin 31. However, the third pin 33 is in layer L4. Therefore, there is still room for two further pins in the slot 98 between the first pin 31 and the third pin 33, which is shown by the two white rectangles in the form of placeholders. The third pin 33 is connected to the fourth pin 34 via the third connection type 63, as shown by the solid line. The fourth pin 34 is located in the same slot 93 as the second pin 32. The fourth pin 34 is located in layer L3 directly adjacent to the second pin 32. Thus, in the slot 97 , in the layers L1 and L4 adjacent to the two pins 32 , 34 , there is still space for two further pins, which is shown by the two white rectangles in the form of placeholders. The four pins and their connection form the first winding 46 .

[0061] The first pin 31 is connected to a fourth pin of the second winding 47 via a fourth connection type, as indicated by a long dashed line.

[0062] For the fourth pin, the above-described series connection of subsequent pins in the stator begins again, with the position of the fourth pin of the second winding 47 rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise relative to the position of the fourth pin 34 of the first winding 46 .

[0063] The series connection of the first pin of the second winding 47 with the other pins in the slots 97 and 98 forms the third winding 48. The first, second and third connection types 61, 62, 63 between these pins are the same as the corresponding first, second and third connection types 61, 62, 63 of the pins of the first and second windings 46, 47.

[0064] As described above, the series connection of the pins in the stator forms windings 46, 47, 48. Winding 45 is formed at the beginning and end of the series connection. The fourth pin 34 of the first winding 46 is connected to the fifth pin 35 in the third slot 92 via the fourth connection type 64. The fifth pin 35 is in turn connected to the first end pin 36 in the slot 91 via the first connection type 61. According to Figure 5 , the end pin 36 of the second partial coil is connected to the end pin 26 of the first partial coil.

[0065] After the above complete circuit, the pin in layer L3 of slot 91 is also connected to the pin in layer L4 of slot 92. This latter pin is configured as a single pin and has an output 83 for connecting an energy source. The four windings 45, 46, 47, 48 thus form a second partial coil.

[0066] The loop of the series connection of the pins of the second partial coil thus extends in the opposite direction to the pins of the first partial coil.The directions of circulation of the two partial coils can be freely selected; they only have to be different.

[0067] Figure 5 Shown from Figure 3 and 4 The first and second coil sections are connected, whereby Figure 4 The winding 45 of the second partial coil constitutes a special feature.

[0068] The winding 45 starts from the first end pin of the second partial coil in the layer L2 in the slot 91, which is connected to the first end pin 26 of the winding 44 of the first partial coil in the slot 58 via the fifth connection type 65. This connection is made by Figure 5 The thick dashed line in .

[0069] The first and second partial coils are connected via the fifth connection type 65 between the layer L3 in the slot 58 and the layer L2 in the slot 91 and form the first coil 201 .

[0070] Figure 6 Shown by Figure 3 and 4 The pin configuration of the two partial coils in FIG. 1 is shown by the black squares. The same reference numerals in these figures represent the same pins, slots and respective connection types. Figure 3 and 4 The other two partial coils of the principle are represented as white squares in the white rectangle, which fill the free layers in the slots of the first and second partial coils, respectively, to form a second coil that follows the winding pattern of the first and second partial coils. Figure 6 Two coils are shown, each consisting of two partial coils.

[0071] The connection of the two partial coils of the second coil 202 is indicated by a long dashed line 67 and is realized by a fifth connection type.

[0072] Also shown are the inputs and outputs of the coil, which are implemented as single pins 217, 219; see Fig.11 The input 81 of the first coil is located at slot 51 and the output 83 is located at slot 92. The input 87 of the second coil is located at slot 93 and the output 85 is located at slot 58. The second radial distance 73 is shorter than the first radial distance 71 by one slot, for example.

[0073] Figure 7 The pin configuration through the third and fourth coils is shown with black squares with white dots and white squares with black dots. Figure 3 , 4, 5 and 6, which is offset two slots clockwise compared to the pins and connections shown in the following figures. Also shown are the input 101 and output 103 of the third coil and the input 107 and output 105 of the fourth coil.

[0074] Figure 8 The pin configuration is shown passing through the fifth and sixth coils. This is done by Figure 3 , 4 , 5 and 6, which is offset four slots clockwise compared to the pins and connections shown in the following figures. Also shown are the input 111 and output 113 of the fifth coil and the input 117 and output 115 of the sixth coil.

[0075] Fig. 9 Shown Figure 6 , 7 The combination of 8 forms a pin configuration passing through six coils.

[0076] Fig.10 The winding pattern of the first coil 201 and the second coil 202 is shown in the case where the stator has 48 slots and four layers. The third and fourth coils and the fifth and sixth coils are generated by the offset of two corresponding slots and Fig.10 The inputs 81, 87 and outputs 83, 85 of the two coils 201, 202 are also shown.

[0077] Fig.11 Two single pins 217, 219 or I pins are shown. The actual pin arranged in the stator slot is located in the center. The reference numerals are the same as in the previous figures. The pins are shown with a first end face pointing upwards, from the perspective of the stator center point. The input or output 81, 101, 111, 83, 103, 113, 85, 105, 115, 87, 107, 117 is located at the top. The left single pin 217 is used on layer L4. The right single pin 219 is used on layer L1. At the bottom end, the two pins have pin feet 63a, 61a with welding points 221, 225.

[0078] Fig.12 A first double pin 211 is shown, which is made of a pre-bent longer pin and forms a connection 62 between the second pin 22, 32 and the third pin 23, 33. The pre-bent connection 62 is located on the first end face 7 and is produced by welding at the welding points 223, 225 of the pin legs 63a, 61b on the second end face 9. The center is located in the slot and forms the aforementioned pin, which has the created reference numerals from the previous figures. The double pin can bridge the distance 71 between the slots.

[0079] Connect 61 by Fig.11 The right side single pin 217 and Fig.12The first double pin 211 in the embodiment is formed by welding two welding points 221 and 223 together through the pin legs 61a, 61b.

[0080] Fig.11 The left side single pin 219 is similar to Fig.12 The pins 23, 33 of the first double pin 211 are identical to each other. The pin foot 63a and the welding point 225 are identical. The single pin 219 does not have a connection 62 like the first double pin 211 because the coil ends or starts at the left single pin 219.

[0081] Fig.13 A second double pin 213 or U-shaped pin is shown. This pre-bent second double pin 213 forms a connection 64 between the fourth pin 24, 34 and the fifth or first pin 31, 25, respectively. Only the first pin 21 of the first winding of the first part of each coil is designed as a single pin. The pin feet 63b, 61a arranged at the bottom of the pin are connected to the pin by their welding points 227, 221. Fig.11 , 12 The welding points 223 , 225 of the pins 14 form the respective connection types 61 and 63 .

[0082] The first distance 71 is the same only in terms of the number of slots to be bridged. The actual spatial distance to be bridged is different because the double pins connect different layers.

[0083] Fig.11 The right side single pin 217 is similar to Fig.13 The pins 25, 31, 35 of the second double pin 217 are identical to each other. The pin foot 61a and the welding point 221 are identical. The single pin 217 does not have a connection 64 like the second double pin 213 because the coil ends or starts at the right single pin 217.

[0084] Fig.14 The double pin 215 forms connection types 65 and 67 and appears only once per coil in the form of a specific double pin. The double pin 215 includes pins 26 and 36 and pin feet 63b and 61b with welding points 227 and 223, which form connection types 61 and 63 with welding points 225 and 221. The double pin 215 can bridge the second distance 73, that is, one slot smaller than the first distance 71.

[0085] Thus, the first connection type 61 is formed by the pins 61a, 61b and the soldering points 221 and 223. The third connection type 63 is thus formed by the pins 63a, 63b and the soldering points 225 and 227.

[0086] Fig.15is a basic schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle 403, such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, comprising an electric machine 401, in particular an electric motor, having an exemplary embodiment of a stator 1 for driving the vehicle 403. The vehicle 403 may also include an inverter 405, which supplies the electric machine 401 with alternating current from a direct current source.

[0087] Reference numerals list

[0088] 1 Stator

[0089] 2,21,22,23,24,25 pins

[0090] 31,32,33,34,35 pins

[0091] Slots 5,51,52,53,54,55,56

[0092] Slots 57,58,91,92,93,94,95

[0093] Slots 96, 97, 98

[0094] 7First end surface

[0095] 9 Second end surface

[0096] 11Interfaces

[0097] 26,36 end pins

[0098] 41-48 Winding

[0099] 61 First connection type

[0100] 62 Second connection type

[0101] 63 Third connection type

[0102] 64Fourth connection type

[0103] 65,67 Fifth connection type

[0104] 66 Sixth connection type

[0105] 61a, 61b, 63a, 63b pins

[0106] 71Distance

[0107] 401 Motor

[0108] 81,87,101,107,111,117 input

[0109] 83,85,103,105,113,115 output

[0110] 201 First Coil

[0111] 202 Second coil

[0112] 211,213,215 double pin

[0113] 217,219 single pin

[0114] 221,223,225,227 welding points

[0115] 403 Vehicles

[0116] 405 Inverter

[0117] L1, L2, L3, L4 layers

[0118] M stator center point

Claims

1. A stator (1) for an electric motor (401), comprising: A plurality of pins (2, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36) arranged on concentric circles at different distances from a stator center point (M) in slots (5, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58) in the stator (1), and each concentric circle forms a layer (L1, L2, L3, L4); wherein four pins (21, 22, 23, 24) in different layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) are connected in series with each other and form a winding (41), A first pin (21) of the winding (41) is located in a first slot (51) in a 4n-3 layer (L1), where n is a natural number; A second pin (22) of the winding (41) is located in a second slot (52) in the 4n-2 layer (L2), wherein the second slot (52) is at a first radial distance (71) from the first slot (51) in a first circumferential direction of the stator (1); The third pin (23) of the winding (41) is located in the first slot (51) in the 4n layer (L4); The fourth pin (24) of the winding (41) is located in the second slot (52) in the 4n-1 layer (L3); The stator (1) has a first end surface (7) and a second end surface (9); and The first pin (21) and the second pin (22) are connected to each other on the second end face (9) via a first connection type (61); The second pin (22) and the third pin (23) are connected to each other on the first end face (7) via a second connection type (62); The third pin (23) and the fourth pin (24) are connected to each other on the second end face (9) via a third connection type (63); The first connection type, the second connection type and the third connection type are different from each other.

2. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein: The stator has at least two windings (41, 42, 43), and at least a fourth pin (24) in a second slot (52, 54, 56) is connected to a fifth pin (25) in a 4n-3 layer (L1) in a third slot (53) by a fourth connection type (64).

3. The stator (1) according to claim 2, wherein: The stator (1) has a plurality of windings (41, 42, 43, 44) which extend over the entire circumference of the stator (1) to form partial coils.

4. The stator (1) according to claim 3, wherein: The corresponding pins (26, 36) of the two partial coils are connected to one another via a fifth type of connection (65).

5. The stator (1) according to claim 4, wherein: At least two partial coils form a coil (201, 202).

6. The stator (1) according to claim 5, wherein: The partial coils form six coils, and six phases are allocated to the six coils in such a manner that two coils allocated to different phases are located in adjacent slots (51-58, 91-98), respectively.

7. The stator (1) according to claim 5, wherein: The corresponding inputs (81, 101, 111, 85, 105, 115) of the pins (21) of the two coils (201, 202) are connected to each other via a sixth connection type (66).

8. The stator (1) according to claim 7, wherein: The respective outputs (83, 103, 113, 87, 107, 117) of the pins (37) of the two coils (201, 202) are connected to one another, and the two coils are thus connected in parallel and are in particular assigned to one phase.

9. The stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, wherein: The second connection type (62) comprises a first double pin (211) formed by the second pin (22, 32) and the third pin (23, 33), wherein the first double pin (211) has two inwardly bent pin legs (63a, 61b) having corresponding welding points (225, 223), and the first double pin bridges a first radial distance (71).

10. The stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 8, wherein: The fourth connection type (64) comprises a second double pin (213) formed by the fourth pin (24, 34) and the fifth pin (25, 35), wherein the second double pin (213) has two outwardly bent pin legs (63b, 61a) having corresponding welding points (227, 221), and the second double pin bridges a first radial distance (71).

11. The stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 4 to 8, wherein: The fifth connection type (65) comprises a third double pin (215) formed by two first end pins (26, 36), wherein the third double pin (215) has two pin legs (63b, 61b) bent in the same direction and having corresponding welding points (227, 223), and the third double pin bridges the second radial distance (73).

12. The stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, wherein: The single pin (217, 219) includes a second end pin (21, 37) and a pin leg (61a, 63a) bent clockwise.

13. The stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, wherein: The first connection type (61) is formed by a welding connection between a first welding point (221) at a pin foot (61a) of the second double pin (213) or the first single pin (217) and a second welding point (223) at a pin foot (61b) of the first double pin (211) or the third double pin (215).

14. The stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, wherein: The third connection type (63) is formed by a welding connection between a third welding point (225) at a pin foot (63a) of the first double pin (211) or the second single pin (219) and a fourth welding point (227) at a pin foot (63b) of the second double pin (213) or the third double pin (215).

15. A stator (1) for an electric motor (401), comprising: A plurality of pins (2, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36) arranged on concentric circles at different distances from a stator center point (M) in slots (5, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58) in the stator (1), and each concentric circle forms a layer (L1, L2, L3, L4); The four pins (21, 22, 23, 24) in different layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) are connected in series with each other in the order of the first pin (21), the second pin (22), the third pin (23) and the fourth pin (24) to form a winding (41), A first pin (21) of the winding (41) is located in a first slot (51) in a 4n-3 layer (L1), where n is a natural number; A second pin (22) of the winding (41) is located in a second slot (52) in the 4n-2 layer (L2), wherein the second slot (52) is at a first radial distance (71) from the first slot (51) in a first circumferential direction of the stator (1); The third pin (23) of the winding (41) is located in the first slot (51) in the 4n layer (L4); The fourth pin (24) of the winding (41) is located in the second slot (52) in the 4n-1 layer (L3); The stator has at least two windings (41, 42, 43), and at least a fourth pin (24) in a second slot (52, 54, 56) is connected to a fifth pin (25) in a 4n-1 layer (L1) in a third slot (53) via a fourth connection type (64).

16. The stator (1) according to claim 15, wherein: The stator (1) has a first end surface (7) and a second end surface (9); and The first pin (21) and the second pin (22) are connected to each other on the second end face (9) via a first connection type (61); The second pin (22) and the third pin (23) are connected to each other on the first end face (7) via a second connection type (62); The third pin (23) and the fourth pin (24) are connected to each other on the second end face (9) via a third connection type (63); The first connection type, the second connection type and the third connection type are different from each other.

17. The stator (1) according to claim 15, wherein: The stator (1) has a plurality of windings (41, 42, 43, 44) which extend over the entire circumference of the stator (1) to form partial coils.

18. The stator (1) according to claim 17, wherein: The corresponding pins (26, 36) of the two partial coils are connected to one another via a fifth type of connection (65).

19. The stator (1) according to claim 18, wherein: At least two partial coils form a coil (201, 202).

20. The stator (1) according to claim 19, wherein: The partial coils form six coils, and six phases are allocated to the six coils in such a manner that two coils allocated to different phases are located in adjacent slots (51-58, 91-98), respectively.

21. The stator (1) according to claim 19, wherein: The corresponding inputs (81, 101, 111, 85, 105, 115) of the pins (21) of the two coils (201, 202) are connected to each other via a sixth connection type (66).

22. The stator (1) according to claim 21, wherein: The respective outputs (83, 103, 113, 87, 107, 117) of the pins (37) of the two coils (201, 202) are connected to one another, and the two coils are thus connected in parallel and are in particular assigned to one phase.

23. The stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 16 to 22, wherein: The second connection type (62) comprises a first double pin (211) formed by the second pin (22, 32) and the third pin (23, 33), wherein the first double pin (211) has two inwardly bent pin legs (63a, 61b) having corresponding welding points (225, 223), and the first double pin bridges a first radial distance (71).

24. The stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 16 to 22, wherein: The fourth connection type (64) comprises a second double pin (213) formed by the fourth pin (24, 34) and the fifth pin (25, 35), wherein the second double pin (213) has two outwardly bent pin legs (63b, 61a) having corresponding welding points (227, 221), and the second double pin bridges a first radial distance (71).

25. The stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 18 to 22, wherein: The fifth connection type (65) comprises a third double pin (215) formed by two first end pins (26, 36), wherein the third double pin (215) has two pin legs (63b, 61b) bent in the same direction and having corresponding welding points (227, 223), and the third double pin bridges the second radial distance (73).

26. The stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 22, wherein: The single pin (217, 219) includes a second end pin (21, 37) and a pin leg (61a, 63a) bent clockwise.

27. The stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 16 to 22, wherein: The first connection type (61) is formed by a welding connection between a first welding point (221) at a pin foot (61a) of the second double pin (213) or the first single pin (217) and a second welding point (223) at a pin foot (61b) of the first double pin (211) or the third double pin (215).

28. The stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 16 to 22, wherein: The third connection type (63) is formed by a welding connection between a third welding point (225) at a pin foot (63a) of the first double pin (211) or the second single pin (219) and a fourth welding point (227) at a pin foot (63b) of the second double pin (213) or the third double pin (215).

29. A vehicle (403) having an electric machine (401) having a stator (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 28.

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