Carbon-based waste treatment method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for treating carbon-based waste. The method for treating carbon-based waste includes classifying carbon-based waste to be at least divided into solid carbon-based waste, muddy carbon-based waste, and fluid carbon-based waste, respectively preprocessing the solid carbon-based waste, muddy carbon-based waste, and fluid carbon-based waste to adjust the water content and calorific value of the solid carbon-based waste, the water content and calorific value of the muddy carbon-based waste, and the viscosity and calorific value of the fluid carbon-based waste, mixing the preprocessed solid carbon-based waste, muddy carbon-based waste with raw coal into a mixture, feeding the mixture into a boiler coal mill for grinding into powder, feeding the ground powder mixture into a boiler pulverized coal burner for incineration, and atomizing and incinerating the fluid carbon-based waste by pumping it into the boiler. The method for treating carbon-based waste of the present invention has the advantages of low cost, simple method, high energy utilization rate, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of resource utilization of solid waste, hazardous waste and carbon emission reduction, and specifically, to a method for treating carbon-based waste. Background Art

[0002] Carbon-based solid (hazardous) waste fuel is a renewable energy with neutral CO2 emissions, and the carbon emissions during power generation are calculated as "zero emissions". The technology of using coal-fired boilers to consume carbon-based solid (hazardous) waste can, on the one hand, achieve a substantial reduction in carbon dioxide emission intensity in a short time by increasing the proportion of non-fossil energy and renewable energy in coal-fired boilers, obtaining carbon emission benefits, and on the other hand, can dispose of carbon-based solid (hazardous) waste to obtain disposal subsidies and obtain benefits by utilizing the heat in the solid waste.

[0003] In related technologies, the treatment cost of carbon-based solid (hazardous) waste fuel is relatively high and the energy utilization rate is relatively low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in related technologies to some extent. To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating carbon-based waste with simple method, low cost and high utilization.

[0005] The method for treating carbon-based waste according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: classifying carbon-based waste to be at least divided into solid carbon-based waste, muddy carbon-based waste and fluid carbon-based waste; respectively preprocessing the solid carbon-based waste, the muddy carbon-based waste and the fluid carbon-based waste to adjust the water content and calorific value of the solid carbon-based waste, the water content and calorific value of the muddy carbon-based waste, and the viscosity and calorific value of the fluid carbon-based waste; mixing the preprocessed solid carbon-based waste, the muddy carbon-based waste with raw coal into a mixture, grinding the mixture into powder, and feeding the ground mixture into the boiler and burning it in the pulverized coal burner of the boiler, or, grinding the preprocessed solid carbon-based waste into powder, feeding the ground solid carbon-based waste into the boiler and burning it in the solid / hazardous waste burner in the boiler, grinding the preprocessed muddy carbon-based waste into powder, and feeding the ground muddy carbon-based waste into the boiler and burning it in the solid / hazardous waste burner in the boiler; feeding the preprocessed fluid carbon-based waste into the boiler and atomizing and burning it in the boiler.

[0006] The method for treating carbon-based waste according to the embodiment of the present invention classifies, preprocesses and burns carbon-based waste, thereby realizing the harmless treatment of carbon-based waste, improving the utilization rate of carbon-based waste, providing ideas for the treatment of carbon-based waste, and realizing energy conservation and emission reduction of the boiler.

[0007] In some embodiments, the classified carbon-based waste is stored separately in respective storage areas.

[0008] In some embodiments, explosion-proof, fire-proof and waterproof treatments are performed on the flammable and explosive objects in the carbon-based waste, and anti-corrosion treatment is performed on the corrosive objects in the carbon-based waste.

[0009] In some embodiments, the exhaust gas generated by the carbon-based waste is mixed with the secondary air of the boiler so that the gas is sent to the boiler for combustion.

[0010] In some embodiments, the solid, liquid and gas components of the carbon-based waste in the storage area are detected for safety management and compatibility setting.

[0011] In some embodiments, the solid carbon-based waste includes domestic waste, industrial waste and agricultural and forestry waste. The steps for pretreatment of the solid carbon-based waste include: screening out the non-combustible substances in the domestic waste and industrial waste; crushing and compatibly mixing the screened domestic waste and industrial waste so that the lower calorific value of the domestic waste and industrial waste is not less than 2000 Kcal / kg, the chlorine element content of the domestic waste and industrial waste does not exceed 2%, and the moisture content of the domestic waste and industrial waste is not higher than 50%; and / or, crushing or compacting the agricultural and forestry waste.

[0012] In some embodiments, the steps for pretreatment of the sludge carbon-based waste include: dehydrating, drying, separating oil and water, and compatibly mixing the sludge carbon-based waste so that the moisture content of the sludge carbon-based waste is not less than 50% and the lower calorific value of the sludge carbon-based waste is not less than 2000 Kcal / kg.

[0013] In some embodiments, the steps for dehydrating the sludge carbon-based waste include: mechanically dehydrating the sludge carbon-based waste or dehydrating the sludge carbon-based waste using the low-quality waste heat of the boiler; and / or, the steps for drying the sludge carbon-based waste include: drying the sludge carbon-based waste using steam or drying the sludge carbon-based waste using the flue gas at 300-400 °C at the rear end of the economizer of the boiler.

[0014] In some embodiments, the carbon-based waste further includes fluid carbon-based waste. The steps for pretreatment of the fluid carbon-based waste include: conditioning by pretreatment methods such as filtration, evaporation concentration, chemical precipitation, pH control, heating, and adding additives so that the viscosity of the fluid carbon-based waste < 40 mPas, the suspended solid particle size of the fluid carbon-based waste < 40 mesh, and the calorific value of the fluid carbon-based waste ≥ 2500 Kcal / L.

[0015] In some embodiments, the weight of the solid carbon-based waste is less than 10% of the weight of the raw coal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the carbon-based waste treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0018] Reference will be made below to the appended Figure 1 to describe the carbon-based waste treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] As Figure 1 shown, the carbon-based waste treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps.

[0020] Classify the carbon-based waste to be divided into at least solid carbon-based waste, muddy carbon-based waste, and fluid carbon-based waste. Specifically, the carbon-based waste is waste with a high carbon content or hazardous waste with a high carbon content. According to the physical state of the carbon-based waste, it can be divided into solid carbon-based waste, muddy carbon-based waste, and fluid carbon-based waste.

[0021] Perform pretreatment on the solid carbon-based waste, muddy carbon-based waste, and fluid carbon-based waste respectively to adjust the water content and calorific value of the solid carbon-based waste, the water content and calorific value of the muddy carbon-based waste, and the viscosity and calorific value of the fluid carbon-based waste. Specifically, the solid carbon-based waste and the muddy carbon-based waste are treated respectively to reduce the water content of the solid carbon-based waste and the muddy carbon-based waste to ensure that the solid carbon-based waste can burn. The viscosity of the fluid carbon-based waste is lower than a preset value to ensure that the fluid carbon-based waste can flow during transportation, so as to facilitate the combustion of the fluid carbon-based waste in the boiler. The calorific value of the solid carbon-based waste, the calorific value of the muddy carbon-based waste, and the calorific value of the fluid carbon-based waste are adjusted to a preset value to ensure the utilization rate of the solid carbon-based waste, the muddy carbon-based waste, and the fluid carbon-based waste.

[0022] Mix the pretreated solid carbon-based waste and muddy carbon-based waste with raw coal to form a mixture, grind the mixture into powder, and feed the ground powder into the boiler and incinerate it in the pulverized coal burner of the boiler. Specifically, the solid carbon-based waste or the muddy carbon-based waste is ground into powder with raw coal and then fed into the boiler and incinerated by the burner in the boiler.

[0023] Alternatively, grind the pretreated solid carbon-based waste into powder, and feed the ground solid carbon-based waste into a boiler and incinerate it in the solid / hazardous waste burner of the boiler. Grind the pretreated sludge carbon-based waste into powder, and feed the ground sludge carbon-based waste into a boiler and incinerate it in the solid / hazardous waste burner of the boiler. Specifically, the solid carbon-based waste or sludge carbon-based waste can be directly fed into the boiler through a grinder and incinerated in the solid / hazardous waste burner of the boiler.

[0024] Feed the pretreated fluid carbon-based waste into a boiler and incinerate it in the boiler. Respectively pump the pretreated fluid carbon-based waste into the boiler, so as to perform atomized incineration in the boiler.

[0025] The carbon-based waste treatment method according to the embodiments of the present invention classifies, pretreats and incinerates carbon-based waste, realizes harmless, reduction, stabilization and resource treatment of carbon-based waste, effectively solves ecological and environmental protection problems, forms a circular economy, and provides a safe, reliable, economically feasible carbon-based waste disposal and co-disposal technical route for coal-fired boilers, improves the profitability of coal-fired units, and helps the transformation and development of coal-fired boilers.

[0026] In some embodiments, the classified carbon-based waste is stored in respective storage areas. Specifically, store the solid carbon-based waste in the storage area for solids, and store the sludge carbon-based waste in the storage area for sludge, so as to facilitate the management of carbon-based waste.

[0027] In some embodiments, perform explosion-proof, fire-proof and waterproof treatments on the flammable and explosive objects in the carbon-based waste, perform gas purification treatment on the waste gas generated by the carbon-based waste, and perform anti-corrosion treatment on the corrosive objects in the carbon-based waste. Specifically, for the carbon-based waste containing flammable and explosive objects (for example, alkali metals explode when encountering water), explosion-proof, fire-proof and waterproof treatments need to be performed on the storage area, so as to prevent the safety performance of the carbon-based waste in the storage area. For the carbon-based waste that can generate toxic and harmful waste gas in the storage area, a gas purification device needs to be set in the storage area to purify the waste gas generated by the carbon-based waste to absorb the toxic and harmful substances in the waste gas, so as to prevent the carbon-based waste from generating toxic and harmful waste gas to pollute the environment. For the carbon-based waste stored in the storage area with corrosivity, a 1m skirt for intercepting leakage can be set for the storage area, and the ground and the skirt are built with firm and anti-seepage materials such as concrete, and are anticorrosive and anti-seepage with epoxy resin. Thus, the safety performance of the carbon-based waste is ensured.

[0028] In some embodiments, the waste gas generated by the carbon-based waste is mixed with the secondary air of the boiler, so as to feed the gas into the boiler for combustion. Specifically, the waste gas generated by the carbon-based waste can be collected and fed into the boiler through the secondary air, so that the waste gas burns in the burner of the boiler.

[0029] In some embodiments, the carbon-based waste in the storage area is detected for solid, liquid, and gas components for safe management and compatibility setting. Specifically, the costs of the solid, liquid, and gas components of the carbon-based waste in the storage area can be detected to eliminate toxic, harmful, and explosive substances in the carbon-based waste, and the carbon-based waste in the storage area can be compatibly formulated based on the solid, liquid, and gas components to adjust the water content and calorific value of the carbon-based waste.

[0030] It can be understood that compatibility means mixing carbon-based waste with a low content of a certain substance and carbon-based waste with a high content of a certain substance so that the content of a certain substance in the mixed carbon-based waste meets the required standards. For example, carbon-based waste with a high carbon content and carbon-based waste with a low carbon content are mixed to adjust the carbon content in the mixed carbon-based waste.

[0031] In some embodiments, the solid carbon-based waste includes domestic waste, industrial waste, and agricultural and forestry waste. The steps for pretreating the solid carbon-based waste include:

[0032] Screen out non-combustible substances from domestic waste. Crush and compatibly formulate the screened domestic waste so that the lower calorific value of the domestic waste is not less than 2000 Kcal / kg, the chlorine element content of the domestic waste does not exceed 2%, and the moisture content of the domestic waste does not exceed 50%. And / or, crush or compact the agricultural and forestry waste. Specifically, for industrial waste (such as industrial waste from leather factories, waste plastics, waste paper, waste tires, waste activated carbon adsorbents, etc.), non-combustible substances are separated by mechanical or manual means, and after mechanical crushing or cryogenic cold nitrogen crushing (for tires, plastics, etc.), compatibility is carried out so that the lower calorific value of the industrial waste is not less than 2000 Kcal / kg, the chlorine element content does not exceed 2%, and the moisture content does not exceed 50%. For agricultural and forestry waste, it can be crushed or compacted into derived fuel, and after weighing, it is pre-mixed with raw coal in the bin before the coal feeder, and then sent to the coal pulverizer. After being made into a certain particle size, it is distributed to the coal powder burner for combustion.

[0033] In some embodiments, the steps for pretreating the sludge carbon-based waste include: dehydrating, drying, separating oil and water, and compatibly formulating the sludge carbon-based waste so that the moisture content of the sludge carbon-based waste is not less than 50%, and the lower calorific value of the sludge carbon-based waste is not less than 2000 Kcal / kg. For sludge carbon-based waste (such as municipal and industrial sludge, oil sludge, etc.), pretreatment is carried out by means of dehydration, drying, or heating for oil-water separation and resource recovery according to the material properties, so as to ensure that the moisture content of the sludge carbon-based waste is not less than 50% and the lower calorific value of the sludge carbon-based waste is not less than 2000 Kcal / kg.

[0034] In some embodiments, the steps of dehydrating the sludge-like carbon-based waste include: mechanically dehydrating the sludge-like carbon-based waste or dehydrating the sludge-like carbon-based waste by using the low-quality waste heat of the boiler. And / or, the steps of drying the sludge-like carbon-based waste include: drying the sludge-like carbon-based waste by using steam or drying the sludge-like carbon-based waste by using the flue gas at 300-400 °C at the rear end of the economizer of the boiler. Thus, the sludge-like carbon-based waste is pretreated so that the water content of the sludge-like carbon-based waste is not less than 50%, and the lower calorific value of the sludge-like carbon-based waste is not less than 2000 Kcal / kg.

[0035] In some embodiments, the carbon-based waste further includes the fluidized carbon-based waste. The steps of pretreating the fluidized carbon-based waste include: conditioning by means of pretreatment methods such as filtration, evaporation and concentration, chemical precipitation, pH control, heating, and addition of additives, so that the viscosity of the fluidized carbon-based waste < 40 mPas, the suspended solid particle size of the fluidized carbon-based waste < 40 mesh, and the calorific value of the fluidized carbon-based waste ≥ 2500 Kcal / L. For the fluidized carbon-based waste (such as chemical organic waste liquids in printing and dyeing, pesticide processing, pharmaceutical production, papermaking, etc.), pretreatment methods such as filtration, evaporation and concentration, chemical precipitation, pH control, heating, and addition of additives are used for conditioning to reduce the water content and salt content in the furnace, control the viscosity to ensure fluidity, and remove debris particles, so that the viscosity < 40 mPas, the suspended solid particle size < 40 mesh, avoid clogging of the atomizing nozzle, and control the calorific value ≥ 2500 Kcal / L to ensure self-ignition under the condition of being ignited by auxiliary fuel.

[0036] In some embodiments, the weights of the solid carbon-based waste and the sludge-like carbon-based waste are less than 10% of the weight of the raw coal. Thus, problems of slagging, abrasion, and pollutant emission caused by the solid carbon-based waste and the sludge-like carbon-based waste are prevented.

[0037] The following is the carbon-based waste treatment method according to the embodiments of the present invention, including the following steps:

[0038] After the carbon-based waste arrives at the site of the coal-fired boiler, it is stored separately according to the types and characteristics of the carbon-based waste, and supporting facilities such as fire prevention, rain prevention, explosion prevention, leakage prevention, and waste gas collection are set up. After mechanical sorting, waste plastics and waste tires are crushed at low temperature; leather factory scraps and corn straws are mechanically crushed, and after crushing, they are pressed into shape to make derived fuels; municipal sludge is dried with 0.6-0.8 MPa saturated steam, and the water content is dried from 80% to 50%; then through blending, the lower calorific value is not less than 2000 Kcal / kg, and the chlorine element content does not exceed 2%. The blended raw materials are weighed and pre-mixed with raw coal in the bin before the coal feeder. The carbon-based waste accounts for 5% of the total coal volume, and then it is sent to the coal pulverizer, made into a certain particle size, and then distributed to the coal powder burner for combustion. Papermaking wastewater is conditioned through pretreatment methods such as filtration, concentration, and pH adjustment, and the calorific value is controlled to be ≥2500 kJ / kg, and then sent to the boiler atomizing burner for combustion.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0040] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0041] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communicable with each other; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0042] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Also, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0043] In the present invention, the terms "an embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0044] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the above embodiments are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon-based waste treatment method, characterized in that, Including: Classifying carbon-based wastes into at least solid carbon-based wastes, sludge carbon-based wastes, and fluid carbon-based wastes; Performing pretreatment on the solid carbon-based wastes, the sludge carbon-based wastes, and the fluid carbon-based wastes respectively to adjust the water content and calorific value of the solid carbon-based wastes, the water content and calorific value of the sludge carbon-based wastes, and the viscosity and calorific value of the fluid carbon-based wastes; Mixing the pretreated solid carbon-based wastes and sludge carbon-based wastes with raw coal to form a mixture, grinding the mixture into powder, feeding the ground mixture into the boiler and burning it in the pulverized coal burner of the boiler, wherein the weight of the carbon-based wastes is less than 10% of the weight of the raw coal; Alternatively, grinding the pretreated solid carbon-based wastes into powder, feeding the ground solid carbon-based wastes into the boiler and burning them in the solid / hazardous waste burner in the boiler, grinding the pretreated sludge carbon-based wastes into powder, feeding the ground sludge carbon-based wastes into the boiler and burning them in the solid / hazardous waste burner in the boiler, and mixing the exhaust gas generated by the carbon-based wastes with the secondary air of the boiler so that the gas is fed into the boiler for combustion; Feeding the pretreated fluid carbon-based wastes into the boiler and burning them atomized in the boiler; The steps for pretreating the sludge carbon-based wastes include: dehydrating, drying, separating oil and water, and formulating the sludge carbon-based wastes respectively so that the moisture content of the sludge carbon-based wastes is not less than 50%, and the lower calorific value of the sludge carbon-based wastes is not less than 2000 Kcal / kg; The steps for dehydrating the sludge carbon-based wastes include: mechanically dehydrating the sludge carbon-based wastes or dehydrating the sludge carbon-based wastes using the low-quality waste heat of the boiler; and / or The steps for drying the sludge carbon-based wastes include: drying the sludge carbon-based wastes using steam or drying the sludge carbon-based wastes using the flue gas at 300-400°C at the rear end of the economizer of the boiler; The carbon-based wastes further include fluid carbon-based wastes, and the steps for pretreating the fluid carbon-based wastes include: conditioning by pretreatment methods such as filtration, evaporation and concentration, chemical precipitation, pH control, heating, and adding additives so that the viscosity of the fluid carbon-based wastes < 40 mPas, the suspended solid particle size of the fluid carbon-based wastes < 40 mesh, and the calorific value of the fluid carbon-based wastes ≥ 2500 Kcal / L.

2. The carbon-based waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein Storing the classified carbon-based wastes in respective storage areas.

3. The carbon-based waste treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Performing explosion-proof, fire-proof, and waterproof treatments on the flammable and explosive objects in the carbon-based wastes, and performing anti-corrosion treatment on the corrosive objects in the carbon-based wastes.

4. The carbon-based waste treatment method according to claim 2, wherein Detecting the solid, liquid, and gas components of the carbon-based wastes in the storage area for safety management and formulation setting.

5. The carbon-based waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid carbon-based wastes include domestic wastes, industrial wastes, and agricultural and forestry wastes, and the steps for pretreating the solid carbon-based wastes include: Screening out the non-combustible substances in the domestic wastes and industrial wastes; Crush and blend the screened domestic waste and industrial waste so that the lower calorific value of the domestic waste and industrial waste is not less than 2000 Kcal / kg, the chlorine element content of the domestic waste and industrial waste does not exceed 2%, and the moisture content of the domestic waste and industrial waste is not higher than 50%; and / or, Crush or compact the agricultural and forestry waste.

Images