Gain adjustable high ratio dc / dc converter with wide input voltage range

Abstract

The application discloses a wide input voltage range gain adjustable high conversion ratio DC / DC converter which is composed of N-stage high conversion ratio DC / DC converter, negative voltage output DC / DC converter and a first capacitor; N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the conversion ratio of the input voltage and the output voltage of the N-stage high conversion ratio DC / DC converter is a fixed value, the conversion ratio is related to the stage number N, the wiring mode of the converter and the type of the basic conversion unit constituting the converter; the negative voltage output DC / DC converter can output negative voltage, the voltage gain of the negative voltage is adjusted by controlling the on and off time of the switch tube, the wide range voltage input of the power supply is adapted, and the input voltage of the N-stage high conversion ratio DC / DC converter is adjusted. The application improves the traditional switching resonant converter, improves the voltage conversion ratio of the converter, and realizes the stable and adjustable output voltage of the load side when the input voltage changes in a wide range and the input voltage fluctuates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of DC / DC converters, and in particular to a high-ratio DC / DC converter with adjustable gain over a wide input voltage range. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, server power supplies generally use a 48V intermediate bus architecture, with this 48V derived from power conversion on the server motherboard. Existing technical solutions mostly employ a two-stage voltage conversion architecture, first converting the voltage to 12V, and then converting it again to the required lower voltages such as 3.3V or 1.2V. This two-stage voltage conversion increases system power loss, thus reducing system efficiency, and increases system size, thus reducing power density. Traditional switched resonant cavity converters require a large number of switching transistors to form a high-number DC / DC converter to achieve a high turnaround ratio. Furthermore, these high-turnaround DC / DC converters generally operate in an open-loop state without voltage regulation, resulting in poor immunity to input voltage fluctuations and load power fluctuations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art and provide a high-ratio DC / DC converter with adjustable gain over a wide input voltage range. This converter consists of an N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter and a negative voltage output DC / DC converter, which reduces power loss, improves power efficiency, reduces power supply size, and increases power density. Compared with traditional switched resonant cavity converters, it reduces the size and the number of components used. In addition, by adjusting the negative voltage value of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter, this invention enables the system to resist fluctuations and wide-range changes in the power supply voltage, maintain the stability of the input voltage of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter, and thus achieve the effect of maintaining a stable output voltage.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: a high-ratio DC / DC converter with adjustable gain over a wide input voltage range. This converter consists of an N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter, a negative-voltage output DC / DC converter, and a first capacitor. The N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is an N-stage converter composed of N conversion units, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. This N-stage converter is a non-isolated converter used to achieve high-ratio voltage conversion. The negative-voltage output DC / DC converter is either an isolated converter or a non-isolated converter, capable of outputting a negative voltage. The voltage gain of the negative voltage is adjusted to adapt to a wide input voltage range of the power supply.

[0005] The negative voltage output DC / DC converter has a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, and a negative output terminal. The N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter also has a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a positive output terminal, and a negative output terminal. The positive input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter and the positive terminal of the power supply. The negative input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and the positive terminal of the first capacitor. The negative output terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter, the negative terminal of the first capacitor, and the ground terminal. The positive output terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the load. The negative output terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the load and the ground terminal. The negative terminal of the power supply is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the first capacitor, and the negative terminal of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the ground terminal.

[0006] The input-output voltage ratio of this N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is a fixed value. This ratio is related to the number of stages N, the converter's wiring method, and the type of basic conversion unit that makes up the converter. The maximum value of this ratio is related to N and follows the following rules: a 2-stage conversion unit achieves a 5-fold ratio, a 3-stage conversion unit achieves a 13-fold ratio, and when N>3, the ratio is the sum of the ratios achieved by stages N-1 to N-2, plus the ratio achieved by stage N-1, plus 3. The on and off times of the switching transistors inside the negative voltage output DC / DC converter affect the ratio of the converter's output voltage to its input voltage. Therefore, controlling the duty cycle of the switching transistors can adjust the value of the negative voltage output, resisting voltage fluctuations and wide-range changes in the power supply. By adjusting the negative voltage value of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter, the input voltage of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is kept stable, thereby achieving the effect of maintaining a stable output voltage.

[0007] Preferably, the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is a non-isolated converter, composed of a first switch, a second switch, and an inductor. All of these components are two-terminal components, including a first terminal and a second terminal. The complementary first and second switches form a half-bridge circuit, which includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The first terminal of the first switch is electrically connected to the first terminal of the half-bridge circuit, the second terminal of the first switch is electrically connected to the midpoint of the half-bridge circuit and the first terminal of the second switch, and the second terminal of the second switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the inductor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter. The first terminal of the half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter.

[0008] Let the voltage across the first capacitor be V. cThe voltage of the power supply is V. in The duty cycle of the first switching transistor is D, and the duty cycle of the second switching transistor is 1-D, where D ranges from 0 to 1. The relationship between the voltage of the first capacitor and the voltage of the power supply is as follows:

[0009]

[0010] By adjusting the value of D, the output voltage of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter can be adjusted, ensuring that the input voltage V of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter remains constant even with a wide range of power supply voltage inputs. in +V c constant.

[0011] Preferably, the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is a non-isolated converter, composed of a first inductor, a second inductor, a second capacitor, a switching transistor, and a diode. Each of these components is a two-terminal component, comprising a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal of the first inductor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the switching transistor and the first terminal of the second capacitor, and the second terminal of the first inductor is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter. The first terminal of the second inductor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second capacitor and the second terminal of the diode, and the second terminal of the second inductor is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter. The negative input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the first terminal of the diode and the second terminal of the switching transistor.

[0012] Let the voltage across the first capacitor be V. c The voltage of the power supply is V. in The duty cycle of the switching transistor is D, where D ranges from 0 to 1. The relationship between the voltage of the first capacitor and the voltage of the power supply is as follows:

[0013]

[0014] By adjusting the value of D, the output voltage of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter can be adjusted, ensuring that the input voltage V of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter remains constant even with a wide range of power supply voltage inputs. in +V c constant.

[0015] Preferably, the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is an isolated converter, consisting of first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth switching transistors, a first inductor, a second inductor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, and a transformer; the switching transistors, inductors, and capacitors are all two-terminal components, including a first terminal and a second terminal; the transformer has a primary side first terminal, a primary side second terminal, a secondary side first terminal, a secondary side second terminal, and a secondary side midpoint; the number of turns of the inductor winding between the primary side first terminal and the primary side second terminal is p, the number of turns of the inductor winding between the secondary side first terminal and the secondary side midpoint is s, and the number of turns of the inductor winding between the secondary side midpoint and the secondary side second terminal is s; the primary winding and the secondary winding are electrically isolated.

[0016] The first terminal of the first switching transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second switching transistor and the negative input terminal of the negative output DC / DC converter. The midpoint of the secondary side of the transformer is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the negative output DC / DC converter. The first terminal of the secondary side of the transformer is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first switching transistor, and the second terminal of the secondary side of the transformer is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second switching transistor. The complementary third and fourth switching transistors constitute a first half-bridge circuit, which includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The first terminal of the third switching transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first half-bridge circuit, the second terminal of the third switching transistor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit and the first terminal of the fourth switching transistor, and the second terminal of the fourth switching transistor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first half-bridge circuit. The complementary fifth and sixth switching transistors constitute a second half-bridge circuit, which includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The first terminal of the fifth switching transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second half-bridge circuit, the second terminal of the fifth switching transistor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit and the first terminal of the sixth switching transistor, and the second terminal of the sixth switching transistor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second half-bridge circuit.

[0017] The positive input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second capacitor, the first terminal of the first half-bridge circuit, and the first terminal of the second half-bridge circuit; the negative input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second capacitor, the second terminal of the first half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal of the second half-bridge circuit; the first terminal of the first inductor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit; the second terminal of the first inductor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second inductor and the first terminal of the primary side of the transformer; the first terminal of the third capacitor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit; the second terminal of the third capacitor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second inductor and the second terminal of the primary side of the transformer.

[0018] Let the voltage across the first capacitor be V. c The voltage of the power supply is V. in After determining the values ​​of p and s of the transformer, the voltage turns ratio of the transformer is fixed. The output voltage V of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter can be adjusted by changing the duty cycle or switching frequency of the switching transistor. cAdjustable, ensuring that the input voltage V of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter remains constant across a wide range of power supply voltage inputs. in +V c constant.

[0019] Preferably, the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is an N-stage converter composed of N-stage conversion units. The first-stage conversion unit adopts a first-type basic conversion unit, and the other conversion units besides the first-stage conversion unit adopt either a first-type basic conversion unit or a second-type basic conversion unit. Both the first-type and second-type basic conversion units include the following components:

[0020] Input port;

[0021] Output port;

[0022] The first resonant cavity includes a first end and a second end;

[0023] The second resonant cavity includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the second resonant cavity is electrically connected to the output port;

[0024] The first half-bridge circuit includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first resonant cavity. The first terminal of the first half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the input port, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the output port.

[0025] The second half-bridge circuit includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first resonant cavity. The first terminal of the second half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the output port, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the ground port.

[0026] The second end of the second resonant cavity of the first type of basic transformer unit is electrically connected to the ground port. The second type of basic transformer unit also includes:

[0027] The third half-bridge circuit includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The midpoint of the third half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second resonant cavity of the second type of basic converter unit. The first terminal of the third half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the output port of the lower-level converter unit, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the ground port.

[0028] The first half-bridge circuit consists of a first switch and a second switch operating in complementary mode. The first terminal of the first switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second switch and the midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit. The second terminal of the first switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the second switch is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first half-bridge circuit. The second half-bridge circuit consists of a third switch and a fourth switch operating in complementary mode. The first terminal of the third switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the fourth switch and the midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit. The second terminal of the third switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the fourth switch is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second half-bridge circuit. The third half-bridge circuit consists of a fifth switch and a sixth switch operating in complementary mode. The first terminal of the fifth switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the sixth switch and the midpoint of the third half-bridge circuit. The second terminal of the fifth switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the third half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the sixth switch is electrically connected to the first terminal of the third half-bridge circuit.

[0029] In this N-stage converter, the output port of the first-stage converter unit is the positive output terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter and is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the load. The output ports of the other converter units besides the first-stage converter unit are electrically connected to the input ports of the next lower-stage converter units. The input port of the N-stage converter unit is the positive input terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter. The negative input terminal, negative output terminal, and grounding port of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter are at the same potential.

[0030] Preferably, the first resonant cavity is composed of an inductor and a capacitor, which are connected in series.

[0031] Preferably, the second resonant cavity is composed of an inductor and a capacitor, with the inductor and capacitor connected in series, or it is composed of only a capacitor.

[0032] Preferably, all first switches, all third switches, and the sixth switch of each stage of the conversion unit composed of the second type of basic conversion units are simultaneously turned on and simultaneously turned off; all second switches, all fourth switches, and the fifth switch of each stage of the conversion unit composed of the second type of basic conversion units are simultaneously turned on and simultaneously turned off; without considering dead time, the duty cycle of each switch is 50%; all switches of each stage of the conversion unit from the first stage to the Nth stage operate at either a variable frequency or a fixed frequency.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0034] Compared with traditional two-stage series-connected converters, this invention has only one stage of main power converter for voltage conversion, which reduces the number of power conversions, reduces power loss, improves converter efficiency, and at the same time reduces converter size and increases power density.

[0035] Compared with existing switched resonant cavity converters, this invention improves the input voltage to output voltage ratio, reduces the number of switching devices and inductors and capacitors used while using the same number of conversion units, reduces power loss, improves converter efficiency, and lowers costs.

[0036] By controlling the on and off times of the switching transistors in the negative voltage output DC / DC converter, the output negative voltage value can be adjusted, the input voltage of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter can be adjusted, the wide range of power supply voltage input can be adapted, and the voltage fluctuations of the power supply can be resisted, thus achieving stable and adjustable output voltage on the load side. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first type of basic transformation unit structure in this embodiment.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second type of basic transformation unit structure in this embodiment.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the resonant cavity structure in this embodiment.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the half-bridge circuit structure in this embodiment.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure and connection method of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter and the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter in this embodiment.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection for the first negative voltage output DC / DC converter implementation method when the number of conversion unit stages N is 3 in this embodiment.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection for the second negative voltage output DC / DC converter implementation method when the number of conversion unit stages N is 3 in this embodiment.

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection for the third negative voltage output DC / DC converter implementation method when the number of conversion unit stages N is 3 in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0046] This embodiment provides a high-ratio DC / DC converter with adjustable gain over a wide input voltage range. The converter consists of an N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter, a negative-voltage output DC / DC converter, and a first capacitor. The N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is an N-stage converter composed of N conversion units, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. This N-stage converter is a non-isolated converter, composed of components such as transistors, capacitors, and inductors, used to achieve high voltage conversion ratios. The negative-voltage output DC / DC converter is either an isolated or non-isolated converter, composed of components such as transistors, inductors, capacitors, diodes, and transformers, capable of outputting a negative voltage. By adjusting the voltage gain of the negative voltage, it adapts to the wide input voltage range of the power supply.

[0047] The first-stage converter of the N-stage converter adopts the first type of basic converter, and the other converters other than the first stage adopt the first type of basic converter or the second type of basic converter.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the first type of basic conversion unit includes: an input port, an output port, a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity, a first half-bridge circuit, a second half-bridge circuit, and a ground port. The first end of the first half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the input port, and the second end of the first half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the output port. The first end of the first resonant cavity is electrically connected to the midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit, and the second end of the first resonant cavity is electrically connected to the midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit. The first end of the second resonant cavity is electrically connected to the output port, and the second end of the second resonant cavity is electrically connected to the ground port.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, the second type of basic conversion unit includes: an input port, an output port, a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity, a first half-bridge circuit, a second half-bridge circuit, and a third half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the first half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the input port, and the second terminal of the first half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the output port. The first terminal of the first resonant cavity is electrically connected to the midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal of the first resonant cavity is electrically connected to the midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the second resonant cavity is electrically connected to the output port, and the second terminal of the second resonant cavity is electrically connected to the midpoint of the third half-bridge circuit.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the resonant cavity includes a first end and a second end, which are composed of an inductor and a capacitor connected in series; or it may be composed of only a capacitor.

[0051] like Figure 4As shown, the half-bridge circuit includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint, and is composed of a first switching transistor and a second switching transistor that operate in a complementary manner. The switching transistors can operate at either a variable frequency or a fixed frequency.

[0052] The first terminal of the second half-bridge circuit of the N-stage converter is electrically connected to the output port, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the ground port. The first terminal of the third half-bridge circuit in the second type of basic converter unit is electrically connected to the output port of the next lower-level converter unit, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the ground port. The output port of the first-stage converter unit in this N-stage converter is the positive output terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter and is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the load. The output ports of the other converter units besides the first-stage converter unit are electrically connected to the input ports of the next lower-level converter units. The input port of the N-stage converter unit is the positive input terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter. The negative input terminal, negative output terminal, and ground port of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter are at the same potential.

[0053] The first half-bridge circuit of the N-stage converter consists of a first switch Q1 and a second switch Q2 operating complementaryly. The first terminal of the first switch Q1 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second switch Q2 and the midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal of the first switch Q1 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the second switch Q2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first half-bridge circuit. The second half-bridge circuit consists of a third switch Q3 and a fourth switch Q4 operating complementaryly. The first terminal of the third switch Q3 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the fourth switch Q4 and the midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal of the third switch Q3 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the fourth switch Q4 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second half-bridge circuit. The third half-bridge circuit consists of a fifth switch Q5 and a sixth switch Q6 operating complementaryly. The first terminal of the fifth switch Q5 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the sixth switch Q6 and the midpoint of the third half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal of the fifth switch Q5 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the third half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the sixth switch Q6 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the third half-bridge circuit.

[0054] The first switching transistors Q1, all third switching transistors Q3, and the sixth switching transistor Q6 of each stage of the N-stage converter (composed of the second type of basic switching units) are simultaneously turned on and off. Similarly, all second switching transistors Q2, all fourth switching transistors Q4, and the fifth switching transistor Q5 of each stage of the N-stage converter (composed of the second type of basic switching units) are simultaneously turned on and off. Without considering dead time, the duty cycle for each switching transistor is 50%. All switching transistors in each stage of the N-stage converter operate at either a variable frequency or a fixed frequency.

[0055] The input voltage to output voltage ratio of the N-stage converter is a fixed value. This ratio is related to the number of stages N, the wiring method of the converter, and the type of basic conversion unit that makes up the converter. The maximum value of this ratio is related to N and satisfies the following rule: the 2-stage conversion unit achieves a 5-fold ratio, the 3-stage conversion unit achieves a 13-fold ratio, and when N>3, the ratio is the sum of the ratio achieved by the (N-1)th stage to the ratio achieved by the 2nd stage, plus the ratio achieved by the (N-1)th stage, plus 3.

[0056] like Figure 5 As shown, the negative voltage output DC / DC converter has a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, and a negative output terminal; the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter has a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a positive output terminal, and a negative output terminal. The positive input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter and the positive terminal of the power supply; the negative input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and the positive terminal of the first capacitor C; the negative output terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter, the negative terminal of the first capacitor C, and the ground port; the positive output terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the load; the negative output terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the load and the ground port; the negative terminal of the power supply is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the first capacitor C; and the negative terminal of the first capacitor C is electrically connected to the ground port.

[0057] The on and off times of the switching transistors inside a negative voltage output DC / DC converter affect the ratio of the converter's output voltage to its input voltage. Therefore, controlling the duty cycle of the switching transistors can adjust the value of the negative voltage output, resisting voltage fluctuations and wide-range variations in the power supply. By adjusting the negative voltage value of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter, the input voltage of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter can be kept stable, thereby achieving the effect of maintaining a stable output voltage.

[0058] like Figure 6As shown, the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is a non-isolated converter, consisting of a first switch S1, a second switch S2, and an inductor L. All these components are two-terminal components, including a first terminal and a second terminal. The complementary first switch S1 and second switch S2 form a half-bridge circuit, which includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The first terminal of the first switch S1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal of the first switch S1 is electrically connected to the midpoint of the half-bridge circuit and the first terminal of the second switch S2. The second terminal of the second switch S2 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the inductor L is electrically connected to the midpoint of the half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter. The first terminal of the half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter. Let the voltage across the first capacitor C be V. c The voltage of the power supply is V. in The duty cycle of the first switch S1 is D, and the duty cycle of the second switch S2 is 1-D, where D ranges from 0 to 1. The voltage across the first capacitor C is equal to the voltage V of the power supply. in The relation is:

[0059]

[0060] By adjusting the value of D, the output voltage of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter can be adjusted, ensuring that the input voltage V of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter remains constant even with a wide range of power supply voltage inputs. in +V c constant.

[0061] like Figure 7 As shown, the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is a non-isolated converter, consisting of a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a second capacitor C1, a switching transistor S1, and a diode D. Each of these components is a two-terminal component, comprising a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the switching transistor S1 and the first terminal of the second capacitor C1, and the second terminal of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter. The first terminal of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second capacitor C1 and the second terminal of the diode D, and the second terminal of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter. The negative input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the first terminal of the diode D and the second terminal of the switching transistor S1. Let the voltage across the first capacitor C be V. c The voltage of the power supply is V. in The duty cycle of the switching transistor S1 is D, where D ranges from 0 to 1. The voltage across the first capacitor C is equal to the voltage V of the power supply. in The relation is:

[0062]

[0063] By adjusting the value of D, the output voltage of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter can be adjusted, ensuring that the input voltage V of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter remains constant even with a wide range of power supply voltage inputs. in +V c constant.

[0064] like Figure 8 As shown, the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is an isolated converter, consisting of six switching transistors (first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth), a first inductor, a second inductor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, and a transformer. The switching transistors, inductors, and capacitors are all two-terminal components, including a first terminal and a second terminal. The transformer has a primary side with a first terminal and a second terminal, a secondary side with a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The number of turns in the inductor winding between the primary and secondary sides is p, the number of turns in the inductor winding between the secondary side with a first terminal and the midpoint is s, and the number of turns in the inductor winding between the secondary side with a midpoint is s. The primary and secondary windings are electrically isolated. The first terminal of the first switching transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second switching transistor and the negative input terminal of the negative output DC / DC converter. The midpoint of the secondary side of the transformer is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the negative output DC / DC converter. The first terminal of the secondary side of the transformer is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first switching transistor, and the second terminal of the secondary side of the transformer is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second switching transistor. The complementary third and fourth switching transistors constitute a first half-bridge circuit, which includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The first terminal of the third switching transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first half-bridge circuit, the second terminal of the third switching transistor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit and the first terminal of the fourth switching transistor, and the second terminal of the fourth switching transistor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first half-bridge circuit. The complementary fifth and sixth switching transistors constitute a second half-bridge circuit, which includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The first terminal of the fifth switching transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second half-bridge circuit, the second terminal of the fifth switching transistor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit and the first terminal of the sixth switching transistor, and the second terminal of the sixth switching transistor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second half-bridge circuit.

[0065] The positive input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second capacitor, the first terminal of the first half-bridge circuit, and the first terminal of the second half-bridge circuit. The negative input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second capacitor, the second terminal of the first half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal of the second half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the first inductor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal of the first inductor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second inductor and the first terminal of the primary winding of the transformer. The first terminal of the third capacitor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal of the third capacitor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second inductor and the second terminal of the primary winding of the transformer. Let the voltage of the first capacitor be V.c The voltage of the power supply is V. in After determining the values ​​of p and s of the transformer, the voltage turns ratio of the transformer is a fixed value. The output voltage V of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter can be adjusted by changing the duty cycle or switching frequency of the switching transistor. c Adjustable, ensuring that the input voltage V of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter remains constant across a wide range of power supply voltage inputs. in +V c constant.

[0066] The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any changes made in accordance with the shape and connection principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-ratio DC / DC converter with adjustable gain over a wide input voltage range, characterized in that: This converter consists of an N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter, a negative-voltage output DC / DC converter, and a first capacitor. The N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is an N-stage converter composed of N-stage conversion units, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. This N-stage converter is a non-isolated converter used to achieve high-ratio voltage conversion. The negative-voltage output DC / DC converter can be an isolated or non-isolated converter, capable of outputting a negative voltage. By adjusting the voltage gain of the negative voltage, it can adapt to a wide input voltage range of the power supply. The negative voltage output DC / DC converter has a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, and a negative output terminal. The N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter also has a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a positive output terminal, and a negative output terminal. The positive input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter and the positive terminal of the power supply. The negative input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and the positive terminal of the first capacitor. The negative output terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter, the negative terminal of the first capacitor, and the ground terminal. The positive output terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the load. The negative output terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the load and the ground terminal. The negative terminal of the power supply is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the first capacitor, and the negative terminal of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the ground terminal. The input voltage to output voltage ratio of this N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is a fixed value. This ratio is related to the number of stages N, the converter's wiring method, and the type of basic conversion unit that makes up the converter. The maximum value of this ratio is related to N and follows the following rules: a 2-stage conversion unit achieves a 5-fold ratio, a 3-stage conversion unit achieves a 13-fold ratio, and when N > 3, the ratio is the sum of the ratios achieved by stages N-1 to N-2, plus the ratio achieved by stage N-1, plus 3. The on and off times of the switching transistors inside the negative voltage output DC / DC converter affect the ratio of the converter's output voltage to its input voltage. Therefore, controlling the duty cycle of the switching transistors can adjust the value of the negative voltage output, resisting voltage fluctuations and wide-range changes in the power supply. By adjusting the negative voltage value of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter, the input voltage of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is kept stable, thereby achieving the effect of maintaining a stable output voltage. An N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter is an N-stage converter composed of N stages of conversion units. The first stage conversion unit uses the first type of basic conversion unit, while the other conversion units use the second type of basic conversion unit. Both the first and second type of basic conversion units include the following components: Input port; Output port; The first resonant cavity includes a first end and a second end; The second resonant cavity includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the second resonant cavity is electrically connected to the output port; The first half-bridge circuit includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first resonant cavity. The first terminal of the first half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the input port, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the output port. The second half-bridge circuit includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first resonant cavity. The first terminal of the second half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the output port, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the ground port. The second end of the second resonant cavity of the first type of basic transformer unit is electrically connected to the ground port. The second type of basic transformer unit also includes: The third half-bridge circuit includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The midpoint of the third half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second resonant cavity of the second type of basic converter unit. The first terminal of the third half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the output port of the lower-level converter unit, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the ground port. In this N-stage converter, the output port of the first-stage converter unit is the positive output terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter and is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the load. The output ports of the other converter units besides the first-stage converter unit are electrically connected to the input ports of the next lower-stage converter units. The input port of the N-stage converter unit is the positive input terminal of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter. The negative input terminal, negative output terminal, and grounding port of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter are at the same potential.

2. The high-ratio DC / DC converter with wide input voltage range as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The negative voltage output DC / DC converter is a non-isolated converter, composed of a first switch, a second switch, and an inductor. All of these components are two-terminal, consisting of a first terminal and a second terminal. The complementary first and second switches form a half-bridge circuit, which includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The first terminal of the first switch is electrically connected to the first terminal of the half-bridge circuit, the second terminal of the first switch is electrically connected to the midpoint of the half-bridge circuit and the first terminal of the second switch, and the second terminal of the second switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the inductor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter. The first terminal of the half-bridge circuit is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter. Let the voltage across the first capacitor be V. c The voltage of the power supply is V. in The duty cycle of the first switching transistor is D, and the duty cycle of the second switching transistor is 1-D, where D ranges from 0 to 1. The relationship between the voltage of the first capacitor and the voltage of the power supply is as follows: ； By adjusting the value of D, the output voltage of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter can be adjusted, ensuring that the input voltage V of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter remains constant even with a wide range of power supply voltage inputs. in +V c constant.

3. The high-ratio DC / DC converter with adjustable gain over a wide input voltage range according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative voltage output DC / DC converter is a non-isolated converter, composed of a first inductor, a second inductor, a second capacitor, a switching transistor, and a diode. Each of these components is a two-terminal component, consisting of a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal of the first inductor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the switching transistor and the first terminal of the second capacitor, and the second terminal of the first inductor is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter. The first terminal of the second inductor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second capacitor and the second terminal of the diode, and the second terminal of the second inductor is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter. The negative input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the first terminal of the diode and the second terminal of the switching transistor. Let the voltage across the first capacitor be V. c The voltage of the power supply is V. in The duty cycle of the switching transistor is D, where D ranges from 0 to 1. The relationship between the voltage of the first capacitor and the voltage of the power supply is as follows: ； By adjusting the value of D, the output voltage of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter can be adjusted, ensuring that the input voltage V of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter remains constant even with a wide range of power supply voltage inputs. in +V c constant.

4. The high-ratio DC / DC converter with adjustable gain over a wide input voltage range according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative voltage output DC / DC converter is an isolated converter, consisting of six switching transistors (first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth), a first inductor, a second inductor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, and a transformer. The switching transistors, inductors, and capacitors are all two-terminal components, including a first terminal and a second terminal. The transformer has a primary side first terminal, a primary side second terminal, a secondary side first terminal, a secondary side second terminal, and a secondary side midpoint. The number of turns in the inductor winding between the primary side first terminal and the primary side second terminal is p, the number of turns in the inductor winding between the secondary side first terminal and the secondary side midpoint is s, and the number of turns in the inductor winding between the secondary side midpoint and the secondary side second terminal is s. The primary and secondary windings are electrically isolated. The first terminal of the first switching transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second switching transistor and the negative input terminal of the negative output DC / DC converter. The midpoint of the secondary side of the transformer is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the negative output DC / DC converter. The first terminal of the secondary side of the transformer is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first switching transistor, and the second terminal of the secondary side of the transformer is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second switching transistor. The complementary third and fourth switching transistors constitute a first half-bridge circuit, which includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The first terminal of the third switching transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first half-bridge circuit, the second terminal of the third switching transistor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit and the first terminal of the fourth switching transistor, and the second terminal of the fourth switching transistor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first half-bridge circuit. The complementary fifth and sixth switching transistors constitute a second half-bridge circuit, which includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a midpoint. The first terminal of the fifth switching transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second half-bridge circuit, the second terminal of the fifth switching transistor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit and the first terminal of the sixth switching transistor, and the second terminal of the sixth switching transistor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second half-bridge circuit. The positive input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second capacitor, the first terminal of the first half-bridge circuit, and the first terminal of the second half-bridge circuit; the negative input terminal of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second capacitor, the second terminal of the first half-bridge circuit, and the second terminal of the second half-bridge circuit; the first terminal of the first inductor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit; the second terminal of the first inductor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second inductor and the first terminal of the primary side of the transformer; the first terminal of the third capacitor is electrically connected to the midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit; the second terminal of the third capacitor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second inductor and the second terminal of the primary side of the transformer. Let the voltage across the first capacitor be V. c The voltage of the power supply is V. in After determining the values ​​of p and s of the transformer, the voltage turns ratio of the transformer is fixed. The output voltage V of the negative voltage output DC / DC converter can be adjusted by changing the duty cycle or switching frequency of the switching transistor. c Adjustable, ensuring that the input voltage V of the N-stage high-ratio DC / DC converter remains constant across a wide range of power supply voltage inputs. in +V c constant.

5. The high-ratio DC / DC converter with adjustable gain over a wide input voltage range according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first half-bridge circuit consists of a first switch and a second switch operating in complementary mode. The first terminal of the first switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second switch and the midpoint of the first half-bridge circuit. The second terminal of the first switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the second switch is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first half-bridge circuit. The second half-bridge circuit consists of a third switch and a fourth switch operating in complementary mode. The first terminal of the third switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the fourth switch and the midpoint of the second half-bridge circuit. The second terminal of the third switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the fourth switch is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second half-bridge circuit. The third half-bridge circuit consists of a fifth switch and a sixth switch operating in complementary mode. The first terminal of the fifth switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the sixth switch and the midpoint of the third half-bridge circuit. The second terminal of the fifth switch is electrically connected to the second terminal of the third half-bridge circuit. The first terminal of the sixth switch is electrically connected to the first terminal of the third half-bridge circuit.

6. The gain-adjustable high-ratio DC / DC converter with a wide input voltage range according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first resonant cavity is composed of an inductor and a capacitor, which are connected in series.

7. The high-ratio DC / DC converter with wide input voltage range according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second resonant cavity consists of an inductor and a capacitor, which are connected in series, or it consists of only a capacitor.

8. The high-ratio DC / DC converter with wide input voltage range according to claim 5, characterized in that: All first switches, all third switches, and the sixth switch of each stage of the converter unit composed of the second type of basic converter units are simultaneously turned on and simultaneously turned off. All second switches, all fourth switches, and the fifth switch of each stage of the converter unit composed of the second type of basic converter units are simultaneously turned on and simultaneously turned off. Without considering the dead time, the duty cycle of each switch is 50%. All switches in each stage of the converter unit from the first stage to the Nth stage operate at either a variable frequency or a fixed frequency.

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