A micro-energy harvesting system and control method for timed electrical energy output

Abstract

This invention discloses a micro-energy harvesting system and control method for timed output of electrical energy in the field of energy harvesting. The system includes energy storage capacitors A, B, and C; the output terminal of a unidirectional conduction circuit is electrically connected to energy storage capacitor A; the input terminal of the unidirectional conduction circuit is used to connect to an energy source; energy storage capacitor A is electrically connected to energy storage capacitors B and C respectively; a microcontroller samples the voltage of energy storage capacitors B and C; the microcontroller control selection circuit selects energy storage capacitors B and C to discharge; the unidirectional conduction circuit, timer circuit, electronic switch circuit, DC-DC circuit, Schmitt trigger buffer, and capacitor B are sequentially electrically connected; this invention uses the electrical energy harvested by the energy storage capacitors to supply power to power-consuming components on time and as needed, avoiding the need to start the load and consume additional electrical energy when there is insufficient power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy harvesting, specifically relating to a micro-energy harvesting system and control method for timed electrical energy output. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the harvesting of weak energy in the environment has attracted great attention due to its advantages such as convenient collection and wide availability of sources. Currently, weak energy harvesting is one of the international research hotspots. However, traditional weak energy harvesting circuits cannot cut off the power supply in real time, cannot achieve on-demand supply, and the system takes too long to enter the working state for the first time. This greatly increases the energy loss of the DC-DC circuit, resulting in low energy utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a micro-energy harvesting system and control method for timed output of electrical energy. When the power supply of the energy source is interrupted, the electrical energy collected through the energy storage capacitor is used to supply power to the power-consuming components on time and as needed, avoiding the starting of the load and consumption of additional electrical energy when the power is insufficient, thus solving the problems of low energy utilization and unstable circuit power supply.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention provides a micro-energy harvesting system for timed output of electrical energy, including energy storage capacitor A, energy storage capacitor B and energy storage capacitor C; the output terminal of a unidirectional conduction circuit is electrically connected to energy storage capacitor A; the input terminal of the unidirectional conduction circuit is used to connect to an energy source;

[0006] The energy storage capacitor A is electrically connected to energy storage capacitors B and C respectively, and energy storage capacitors B and C are connected in parallel; the microcontroller samples the voltage of energy storage capacitors B and C; the microcontroller controls the selection circuit to select energy storage capacitors B and C to discharge.

[0007] The unidirectional conduction circuit, timer circuit, electronic switch circuit, DC-DC circuit, Schmitt trigger buffer, and capacitor B are electrically connected in sequence. The timer circuit starts after the set time is over. The microcontroller can control the timer by giving a turn-off signal. The Schmitt trigger buffer is controlled by the voltage on the supercapacitor B.

[0008] Preferably, the capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor B is smaller than the capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor C.

[0009] Preferably, a current-controlled voltage regulator circuit A is provided in the circuit between the unidirectional conduction circuit and the energy storage capacitor A; a current-controlled voltage regulator circuit B is provided in the circuit between the energy storage capacitor A and the energy storage capacitor B; a current-controlled voltage regulator circuit C is provided in the circuit between the energy storage capacitor A and the energy storage capacitor C; and the current-controlled voltage regulator circuit A, the current-controlled voltage regulator circuit B, and the current-controlled voltage regulator circuit C are field-effect transistors.

[0010] Preferably, the microcontroller is an STM32 microcontroller; the timer in the timer circuit is a chip TPL5110DDCT; the Schmitt trigger buffer is a chip SN74AUP1G17DBVR; the selection circuit is a chip TS5A3160DBVR; the DC-DC circuit includes a chip TPS61220DCKR; the chip TPS61220DCKR is used to boost the DC voltage.

[0011] Preferably, the TPS61220DCKR chip is controlled by both a Schmitt trigger and a timer circuit.

[0012] Preferably, a sampling circuit A is provided in the circuit between the microcontroller and the energy storage capacitor B; a sampling circuit B is provided in the circuit between the microcontroller and the energy storage capacitor C.

[0013] The sampling circuits A and B include a first resistor, a second resistor, and a field-effect transistor (FET) connected in sequence. A microcontroller branch and a ground branch are provided in the circuit between the first and second resistors. A protective capacitor is provided on the ground branch. The gate of the FET is electrically connected to the microcontroller. The drain of the FET is electrically connected to the second resistor. The source of the FET is grounded. The source and gate of the FET are electrically connected through a third resistor.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides a control method for a micro-energy harvesting system, comprising:

[0015] An energy source charges energy storage capacitors A, B, and C; a microcontroller samples the voltage of energy storage capacitors B and C.

[0016] When the input voltage reaches the upper threshold voltage of the Schmitt trigger buffer and outputs a high level, the timer circuit controls the DC-DC circuit to enable within each set time period. After the microcontroller completes its work, it controls the DC-DC circuit to stop working through the timer.

[0017] When the power supply to the energy source is interrupted, energy storage capacitor A discharges first; after energy storage capacitor A discharges, the microcontroller control selection circuit selects energy storage capacitors B and C to discharge based on their voltages; when the voltages of energy storage capacitors A, B, and C are less than the corresponding thresholds, the micro-energy harvesting system stops working.

[0018] Preferably, after the power supply from the energy source is restored, the energy storage capacitors A, B, and C are charged sequentially.

[0019] Preferably, the method by which the microcontroller-controlled selection circuit selects energy storage capacitors B and C to discharge based on their voltages includes:

[0020] When the voltages of both energy storage capacitor B and energy storage capacitor C are greater than the corresponding threshold, the microcontroller selects energy storage capacitor B with the smaller capacitance value to discharge via a selection circuit.

[0021] When the voltage of the energy storage capacitor B is less than the corresponding threshold after discharge, the microcontroller selects the energy storage capacitor C to discharge via the selection circuit.

[0022] A third aspect of the present invention provides a power generation system, including a solar panel for generating direct current and a micro-energy harvesting system; the solar panel is electrically connected to the input terminal of a unidirectional conduction circuit in the micro-energy harvesting system; and the micro-energy harvesting system provides a continuous and stable power supply to power-consuming components.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] In this invention, the output terminal of the unidirectional conduction circuit is electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor A; the input terminal of the unidirectional conduction circuit is used to connect to the energy source; the energy storage capacitor A is electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor B and the energy storage capacitor C respectively. When the power supply from the energy source is interrupted, the electrical energy collected by the energy storage capacitors A, B and C supplies power to the power-consuming components on time and as needed, avoiding the starting of the load and the consumption of additional electrical energy when the power is insufficient.

[0025] In this invention, based on the voltages of energy storage capacitors B and C, the microcontroller-controlled selection circuit selects energy storage capacitors B and C to discharge. The capacitance of energy storage capacitor B is smaller than that of energy storage capacitor C. Utilizing the complementary advantages of large and small capacitors, the smaller capacitance of energy storage capacitor B enables rapid discharge, while the larger capacitance of energy storage capacitor C stores more energy for extended periods to replenish energy when supply is insufficient. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A structural diagram of a micro-energy harvesting system for timed electrical energy output provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A circuit diagram of a micro-energy harvesting system for timed electrical energy output provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of the microcontroller and power consumption circuit provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a micro-energy harvesting system for timed output of electrical energy is characterized by comprising energy storage capacitors A, B, and C; each energy storage capacitor provides backup power when the power supply capacity of the micro-energy source is insufficient to maintain the operation of the load; the output terminal of a unidirectional conduction circuit is electrically connected to energy storage capacitor A; the input terminal of the unidirectional conduction circuit is used to connect to a DC-type micro-energy source; the function of the DC-type micro-energy source is to convert weak solar energy into DC power; the function of the unidirectional conduction circuit is to prevent the electrical energy in energy storage capacitor A from flowing backward to the DC-type micro-energy source for discharge; the unidirectional conduction circuit is directly connected to a first current-controlled voltage regulator circuit A; the unidirectional conduction circuit is a high-speed switching diode with ultra-low leakage current.

[0032] The energy storage capacitor A is electrically connected to energy storage capacitors B and C, respectively, and energy storage capacitors B and C are connected in parallel. The capacitance of energy storage capacitor B is 1F, and the capacitance of energy storage capacitor C is 7F. Utilizing the complementary advantages of large and small capacitors, the smaller capacitance of energy storage capacitor B enables rapid discharge, while the larger capacitance of energy storage capacitor C stores more energy for extended periods to replenish energy when the energy supply is insufficient. The microcontroller samples the voltage of energy storage capacitors B and C. The microcontroller control selection circuit selects energy storage capacitors B and C to discharge.

[0033] A current-controlled voltage regulator circuit A is provided in the circuit between the unidirectional conduction circuit and the energy storage capacitor A; a current-controlled voltage regulator circuit B is provided in the circuit between the energy storage capacitor A and the energy storage capacitor B; a current-controlled voltage regulator circuit C is provided in the circuit between the energy storage capacitor A and the energy storage capacitor C; the current-controlled voltage regulator circuit A, the current-controlled voltage regulator circuit B and the current-controlled voltage regulator circuit C are field-effect transistors, and the field-effect transistors are MOS transistors.

[0034] A sampling circuit A is provided in the circuit between the microcontroller and the energy storage capacitor B. The sampling circuit A is used to acquire the voltage signal of the energy storage capacitor B. A sampling circuit B is provided in the circuit between the microcontroller and the energy storage capacitor C. The sampling circuit B is used to acquire the voltage signal of the energy storage capacitor C.

[0035] A unidirectional conduction circuit, a timer circuit, an electronic switch circuit, a DC-DC circuit, a Schmitt trigger buffer, and capacitor B are electrically connected in sequence. The electronic switch circuit is used to connect or disconnect the DC-DC circuit under the control of the timer circuit. The electronic switch circuit is composed of a PMOS transistor with low on-resistance. The timer circuit and the Schmitt trigger buffer are electrically controlled by a microcontroller. The Schmitt trigger circuit controls the enable terminal of the DC-DC circuit to reduce power loss. The Schmitt trigger circuit is based on a Schmitt trigger chip with ultra-low power consumption and an operating voltage range of 0.8V to 3.2V. The timer circuit is used to control the electronic switch circuit to turn on once at regular intervals. The DC-DC circuit provides a stable DC voltage for the microcontroller application circuit.

[0036] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 The diagram shows the circuit diagram of the micro-energy harvesting system of the present invention. The microcontroller is an STM32 microcontroller. The timer circuit consists of an ultra-low power system timer chip TPL5110DDCT, resistors R4 and R5, and capacitor C5. The PB6 pin of the microcontroller is connected to the DONE pin of the timer chip. After the microcontroller completes one operation, it pulls the TPS61220DCKR high to stop it from working. The Schmitt trigger buffer is a chip SN74AUP1G17DBVR. The selection circuit is a chip TS5A3160DBVR.

[0037] Capacitors C1 and C2, resistors R1 to R3, inductor L1, MOSFETs Q1 and Q2, and the boost converter chip TPS61220DCKR constitute a DC-DC circuit. The TPS61220DCKR chip is used to boost the DC voltage. When R4 = 43 kΩ, the timer circuit enables the TPS61220DCKR chip every 5 minutes. The enable interval of the TPS61220DCKR can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of R4. The TPS61220DCKR chip is dually controlled by a Schmitt trigger and a timer circuit. The Schmitt trigger buffer chip SN74AUP1G17DBVR and the ultra-low power system timer chip TPL5110DDCT simultaneously determine whether the DC-DC circuit works, effectively avoiding the adverse conditions of high power loss and low energy utilization in traditional micro-energy harvesting circuits.

[0038] The unidirectional conduction circuit is composed of a unidirectional diode D1; the energy storage capacitor A is composed of a supercapacitor C8, the energy storage capacitor B is composed of a supercapacitor C6, and the energy storage capacitor C is composed of a supercapacitor C9; the current-controlled voltage regulator circuit A is a PMOS transistor Q3, which automatically adjusts the gate-source voltage according to the output capability of the micro energy source; the current-controlled voltage regulator circuit B is a MOS transistor Q4; and the current-controlled voltage regulator circuit C is a MOS transistor Q7.

[0039] The sampling circuit A includes a first resistor R6, a second resistor R8, and a field-effect transistor Q5 connected in sequence; the sampling circuit B includes a first resistor R7, a second resistor R9, and a field-effect transistor Q6 connected in sequence; a microcontroller connection branch and a grounding branch are provided on the circuit between the first resistors R6 and R7 and the second resistors R8 and R9; a protective capacitor C11 is provided on the grounding branch of the sampling circuit A, and a protective capacitor C10 is provided on the grounding branch of the sampling circuit B; the gates of the field-effect transistors Q5 and Q6 are electrically connected to the microcontroller; the drains of the field-effect transistors Q5 and Q6 are electrically connected to the second resistor; the sources of the field-effect transistors Q5 and Q6 are grounded; the source and gate of the field-effect transistor Q5 are electrically connected through a third resistor R11, and the source and gate of the field-effect transistor Q6 are electrically connected through a third resistor R10.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] A control method for a micro-energy harvesting system is provided in this embodiment. This micro-energy harvesting control method can be applied to the micro-energy harvesting system described in Embodiment 1. The micro-energy harvesting control method includes:

[0042] When the DC-DC circuit is not activated, the microcontroller cannot obtain power and remains idle, thus reducing power consumption.

[0043] The energy source charges energy storage capacitor A, energy storage capacitor B, and energy storage capacitor C in sequence; the microcontroller samples the voltage of energy storage capacitor B and energy storage capacitor C.

[0044] The Schmitt trigger buffer and timer jointly control the DC-DC circuit. The conditions for the DC-DC circuit to operate are: the Schmitt trigger buffer and timer enable the DC-DC circuit simultaneously; at the moment the DC-DC circuit starts, the input power of the DC-DC circuit comes from the COM terminal of the selector.

[0045] When the input voltage reaches the upper threshold voltage of the Schmitt trigger buffer, the Schmitt trigger buffer outputs a high level to enable the DC-DC circuit; when the input voltage reaches the lower threshold voltage of the Schmitt trigger buffer, the Schmitt trigger buffer outputs a low level to stop the DC-DC circuit from working.

[0046] The timer circuit enables the DC-DC circuit within each set time period. When R4 = 43 kΩ, the timer circuit enables the TPS61220DCKR chip every 5 minutes. The enable time interval of the TPS61220DCKR can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of R4. After each operation, the microcontroller controls the DC-DC circuit to stop working by pulling up the DONE pin voltage of the timer.

[0047] When the power supply to the energy source is interrupted, energy storage capacitor A discharges; after energy storage capacitor A discharges, the microcontroller control selection circuit selects energy storage capacitors B and C to discharge based on their voltages, using the following methods:

[0048] When the voltages of both energy storage capacitors B and C are greater than the corresponding threshold, the microcontroller prioritizes discharging energy storage capacitor B, which has a smaller capacitance value, through a selection circuit. When the voltage of energy storage capacitor B is less than the corresponding threshold after discharging, the microcontroller selects energy storage capacitor C to discharge through the selection circuit. By utilizing the complementary advantages of large and small capacitors, the smaller capacitance value energy storage capacitor B enables a fast response to complete the discharge, while the larger capacitance value energy storage capacitor C stores more electrical energy for a longer period of time to replenish electrical energy when the energy supply is insufficient.

[0049] If the energy storage capacitor B is insufficient to power the circuit once, the microcontroller will select the energy storage capacitor C with a larger capacitance value to provide power through the selection circuit.

[0050] When the voltages of energy storage capacitors A, B, and C are lower than the corresponding thresholds, the micro-energy harvesting system stops working. After the power supply from the energy source is restored, it continues to charge energy storage capacitors A, B, and C in sequence.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] A power generation system includes a low-light solar panel for generating direct current and a micro-energy harvesting system as described in Embodiment 1; the low-light solar panel is electrically connected to the input terminal of a unidirectional conduction circuit in the micro-energy harvesting system; the micro-energy harvesting system supplies power to power-consuming components on demand and at regular intervals.

[0053] Test case and domain dictionary management mainly includes query, addition, deletion, modification, and import / export operations; keyword extraction mainly extracts keywords from historical test cases as additional information for test cases, and matches keywords from tester input data with historical keywords to accelerate test case recommendation speed; test case clustering mainly clusters historical test cases to obtain test case packages, thereby reducing the computational load of test case recommendation; test case recommendation is the ultimate goal of the system, using the optimal attribute weights and test text vector similarity to obtain the final similarity value, and recommending it to testers after ranking.

[0054] Testers input project domain information and software type on the front-end page, and input text according to test requirements. The back-end processes the text through vectorization, keyword extraction, similarity calculation, etc., and outputs relevant test cases to assist testers in test case design. Testers can select a test case to modify and utilize.

[0055] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0056] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0057] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0058] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A micro energy-harvesting system that times the output of electrical energy, characterized by, The single-way conducting circuit, the timer circuit, the electronic switch circuit, the DC-DC circuit, the Schmitt trigger buffer and the energy storage capacitor B are sequentially electrically connected; the timer circuit is started after a set time ends, the single-chip microcomputer controls the timer by giving off signal, and the Schmitt trigger buffer is controlled by the voltage on the energy storage capacitor B; The energy source charges the energy storage capacitor A, the energy storage capacitor B and the energy storage capacitor C; the single-chip microcomputer samples the voltage of the energy storage capacitor B and the energy storage capacitor C; In the case that the input voltage reaches the upper threshold voltage of the Schmitt trigger buffer and outputs high level, the timer circuit controls the DC-DC circuit to be enabled every set time period, and the single-chip microcomputer controls the DC-DC circuit to stop working after completing work every time through the timer; When the power supply of the energy source is interrupted, the energy storage capacitor A is discharged preferentially; after the energy storage capacitor A is discharged, the single-chip microcomputer controls the selection circuit to select the energy storage capacitor B and the energy storage capacitor C to discharge according to the voltage of the energy storage capacitor B and the energy storage capacitor C, and the method comprises: When the voltage of the energy storage capacitor B and the energy storage capacitor C is greater than the corresponding threshold value, the single-chip microcomputer controls the selection circuit to preferentially select the energy storage capacitor B with smaller capacitance to discharge; When the voltage of the energy storage capacitor B is less than the corresponding threshold value after being discharged, the single-chip microcomputer controls the selection circuit to select the energy storage capacitor C to discharge; When the voltage of the energy storage capacitor A, the energy storage capacitor B and the energy storage capacitor C is less than the corresponding threshold value, the micro energy collection system stops working; After the power supply of the energy source is restored, the energy storage capacitor A, the energy storage capacitor B and the energy storage capacitor C are sequentially charged. Flow control voltage stabilizing circuits A, B and C are arranged on the circuit between the single-way conducting circuit and the energy storage capacitor A, between the energy storage capacitor A and the energy storage capacitor B, and between the energy storage capacitor A and the energy storage capacitor C respectively; the flow control voltage stabilizing circuits A, B and C are field effect transistors. The single-chip microcomputer is an STM32 single-chip microcomputer; the timer in the timer circuit is a chip TPL5110DDCT; the Schmitt trigger buffer is a chip SN74AUP1G17DBVR; the selection circuit is a chip TS5A3160DBVR; the DC-DC circuit is provided with a chip TPS61220DCKR; the chip TPS61220DCKR is used to boost the direct current voltage.

2. The micro energy-harvesting system for timed output of electrical energy of claim 1, wherein, The chip TPS61220DCKR is double-controlled by the Schmitt trigger and the timer circuit.

3. The micro energy-harvesting system for timed output of electrical energy of claim 1, wherein, Sampling circuits A and B are arranged on the circuit between the single-chip microcomputer and the energy storage capacitor B and between the single-chip microcomputer and the energy storage capacitor C respectively.

4. The micro energy-harvesting system for timed output of electrical energy of claim 3, wherein, ​ 5. The micro energy-harvesting system for timed output of electrical energy of claim 1, wherein, ​ The sampling circuit A and the sampling circuit B comprise a first resistor, a second resistor and a field effect transistor connected in sequence; a single-chip microcomputer branch and a grounding branch are arranged on the circuit between the first resistor and the second resistor; a protection capacitor is arranged on the grounding branch; a gate of the field effect transistor is electrically connected with the single-chip microcomputer; a drain of the field effect transistor is electrically connected with the second resistor; a source of the field effect transistor is grounded; and the source of the field effect transistor and the gate of the field effect transistor are electrically connected through a third resistor.

6. A power generation system characterized by comprising: The micro energy collection system comprises a solar panel for generating direct current and the micro energy collection system of any one of claims 1 to 5; the solar panel is electrically connected with an input end of the unidirectional conduction circuit in the micro energy collection system; and the micro energy collection system continuously and stably supplies power for the power consumption element.

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