Rock breaking method, rock breaking device, and tunneling device

Abstract

The present application relates to a full-face tunneling device for soil or rock stratum, and particularly relates to a rock breaking method, a rock breaking device and a tunneling device. The rock breaking method comprises the following steps: 1) using a cutting edge of a cutter with a cutter driving device to obliquely cut into rock, and moving the cutter until a cutting groove capable of allowing the cutter to enter as a whole is excavated on a cutting surface; 2) adjusting the posture of the cutter, or exchanging the cutter, so that the cutting edge of the cutter is parallel to the groove wall of the cutting groove, and the cutter is translated until the excavation of the cutting surface is completed. In steps 1) and 2), the direction of the cutting edge of the cutter and the driving load are substantially in the same direction. Therefore, the bending moment borne by the cutting edge can be avoided, and the chipping of the cutting edge can be reduced, thereby prolonging the normal working period of the cutter and reducing the number of shutdowns. In summary, the rock breaking method of the present application can fully utilize the characteristics that the tensile shear strength of rock is lower than the compressive strength, realize the tensile shear failure of hard rock, improve the rock breaking efficiency, and reduce the loss of the rock breaking device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to tunneling equipment for full-face excavation in soil or rock strata, and in particular to a rock-breaking method, a rock-breaking device, and a tunneling device. Background Technology

[0002] Today, full-face tunneling equipment is widely used in tunnel and flatbed excavation. A typical traditional full-face tunneling machine includes the main machine and supporting equipment. The main machine consists of a shield, cutterhead, and main drive. The cutterhead includes a cutterhead panel and cutting tools mounted on it. When tunneling through rock strata, the rock-breaking tools are primarily roller cutters. The rollers extend parallel to the tunnel face (excavation face), and the cutting edges are perpendicular to the face. During tunneling, the main machine drives the cutterhead to rotate via the main drive, providing forward thrust through mechanisms such as support shoes. The roller cutters on the cutterhead vertically compress the tunnel face to excavate the rock and soil. The rock-breaking principle of this tunneling equipment is that the roller cutters, with the help of the powerful thrust of the cutterhead, compress and break the rock's compressive strength, penetrating the rock and forcing shallow cracks to form. Adjacent cracks then connect to form fragments that break off. Based on the aforementioned rock-breaking principles, traditional tunneling equipment requires significant power consumption, especially when the rock compressive strength is high, which increases the difficulty of rock breaking. When the rock compressive strength reaches 100 MPa, in addition to extremely high power consumption, the wear of the cutting tools also intensifies, leading to frequent chipping. When the rock compressive strength reaches 150 MPa, tunneling may even become impossible.

[0003] Studies have shown that the tensile and shear strength of rock is only 1 / 10 to 1 / 20 of its compressive strength. Utilizing this characteristic of rock could effectively solve the aforementioned problems. Based on this idea, patent application CN108571326A (published September 25, 2018) provides a composite cutting hard rock tunnel boring machine cutterhead and its tunneling machine; patent CN21400715U (published August 20, 2021) provides a guide tunnel reaming rotary cutting TBM cutterhead; patent application CN108868811A (published November 23, 2018) provides a multi-arm cantilever tunnel boring machine equipped with a suspended cutting blade for rock breaking and its construction method; and patent CN208619111U (published March 19, 2019) provides a hard rock cutting device for a tunnel boring machine and its tunneling machine.

[0004] The patent application CN108571326A discloses a composite cutting hard rock tunnel boring machine cutterhead. The central area of ​​the cutterhead panel is a planar structure, while the outer area is a conical structure. Several disc-shaped cutters are mounted on the planar structure, and several overhanging cutters are mounted on the conical structure. Through the combined arrangement of the disc-shaped cutters and the overhanging cutters, the cutters in the outer area perform overhanging cutting to break the rock, thereby achieving rock crushing by undermining the rock's tensile strength.

[0005] The patent disclosed in CN21400715U discloses a rotary cutting TBM cutter head with a guide hole enlarging function. The cutter head panel includes a central disc seat with a hollow channel at its center. Spoke structures are evenly distributed on the outer wall, forming a conical hollow body. A suspended cutting roller structure is mounted on the spoke structure. This cutter head also attempts to change the traditional TBM roller cutting principle of rock breaking, utilizing the characteristic that the rock shear strength is much lower than the uniaxial compressive strength and the rock breaking capability of the free face for rock crushing.

[0006] Patent application CN108868811A discloses a hard rock cutting device for a tunneling machine, which includes a cutterhead connected to the main body via a cantilever. A drive device is installed between the cutterhead and the cantilever, driving the cutterhead to swing and thus adjusting the cutting angle of the cutters on the cutterhead. By controlling the angle at which the cutters cut the rock, the tensile strength of the rock is broken, achieving the purpose of rock breaking.

[0007] The patent disclosed in CN208619111U discloses a multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine equipped with a cantilever cutter for rock breaking, which includes a main body, a rotary table on the main body, a cantilever on the rotary table, and a cutterhead connected to the cantilever via a rotating shaft. The cutterhead has rotary cutters. During the tunneling process, the cantilever is driven to swing by a pitch cylinder between the cantilever and the rotary table to break the rock by oblique cutting. By setting multiple cantilevers, the aim is to improve the excavation efficiency.

[0008] The above analysis shows that in the composite cutting hard rock tunnel boring machine cutterhead disclosed in patent application CN108571326A and the guide tunnel reaming rotary cutting TBM cutterhead disclosed in patent CN21400715U, the driving load of the cutter, i.e. the jacking force provided by the cutterhead, is inconsistent with the direction of the rock-breaking part (cutting edge) of the cutter. The included angle is usually very large, which cannot maximize the rock-breaking efficiency of the cutter. Furthermore, after the cutting edge contacts the rock, a bending moment is generated at the cutting edge under the action of the cutterhead thrust, which is very easy to cause chipping.

[0009] Patent application CN108868811A discloses a hard rock cutting device for a tunneling machine, and patent CN208619111U discloses a multi-arm cantilever tunneling machine equipped with a suspended cutting tool for rock breaking. Theoretically, this allows the driving load to align with the direction of the cutting edge, but the relative angle between the cutting edge and the rock is fixed, making it impossible to effectively create a free face and ensure continuous and efficient excavation. Furthermore, the cantilever structure is large and heavy, limiting the number of cutting heads that can be arranged. Without improving the cutting efficiency of individual cutting heads, it remains difficult to effectively improve construction efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rock-breaking method that fully utilizes the characteristic that the tensile shear strength of rock is lower than its compressive strength, thereby achieving tensile and shear failure of hard rock, improving rock-breaking efficiency, and reducing the wear and tear on the rock-breaking device.

[0011] Meanwhile, the present invention also aims to provide a rock-breaking device and a tunneling device that can be used to implement the rock-breaking method of the present invention.

[0012] To solve the above problems, the rock-breaking method of the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0013] The rock breaking method includes the following steps: 1) Using the cutting edge of the cutter with its own cutter drive device, the cutter is obliquely cut into the rock, and the cutter is moved until a groove is dug on the excavation surface that allows the entire cutter to enter.

[0014] 2) Adjust the posture of the cutter or replace the cutter so that the cutting edge of the cutter cuts flatly cuts the groove wall of the groove, and move the cutter until the excavation of the excavation surface is completed.

[0015] Beneficial Effects: Using the rock-breaking method of this invention, in step 1), the cutter head initially penetrates the excavation face at an oblique angle. At this stage, the rock's relatively weak shear strength allows for cutting into the rock with minimal force. After creating a groove on the excavation face large enough for the cutter head to enter entirely, in step 2), the cutter head performs a horizontal cut against the groove wall to break the rock. Since a free surface is formed behind the excavation face, the cutting force of the cutter head directly targets the rock cracks during the horizontal cut, resulting in tensile-shear failure. Utilizing the rock's relatively weak tensile and shear strength, this can be achieved with minimal force. In steps 1) and 2), the cutting direction of the cutter head is essentially in the same direction as the driving load. This avoids bending moments on the cutting edge, reduces chipping, and extends the normal operating cycle of the cutter, reducing downtime. In summary, the rock-breaking method of this invention fully utilizes the characteristic that the tensile-shear strength of rock is lower than its compressive strength to achieve tensile-shear failure of hard rock, improving rock-breaking efficiency while reducing wear and tear on the rock-breaking device.

[0016] Furthermore, when the cutting edge of the hob cuts the groove wall, the cutting edge is parallel to the excavation surface. When the cutting edge of the hob cuts is parallel to the excavation surface, its driving load direction will be completely consistent with the cutting edge direction, maximizing the utilization of the driving load and further preventing the cutting edge from being damaged by bending moment.

[0017] Furthermore, the geometric center of the cutter is offset from its rolling center. When the geometric center of the cutter is offset from its rolling center, high-frequency, low-radius vibration impact can be achieved during the cutter's rotation to break the rock, which intensifies the fatigue damage of the rock strata and improves the rock breaking efficiency.

[0018] Furthermore, in steps 1) and 2), two or more roller cutters are used simultaneously to cut the excavation face at an angle or horizontally. Using two or more roller cutters simultaneously to cut the excavation face at an angle or horizontally can further improve tunneling efficiency.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 2), at least one segment of the translational trajectory of the cutter head is a spiral trajectory. When the cutter head moves along the spiral trajectory, continuous excavation can be achieved, further improving excavation efficiency.

[0020] Furthermore, in step 2), the cutter completes the excavation of the excavation face by translating along two or more non-concentric spiral trajectories. The translation along two or more non-concentric spiral trajectories can cooperate to achieve excavation without dead angles, while reducing the requirements for the arrangement of the cutter.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 2), the translational trajectory of the cutter is an arc-shaped trajectory or a circular trajectory. In this case, excavation at different positions on the excavation face can be achieved by translating the cutter radially. By adjusting the radius of the cutter relative to its trajectory, full-section excavation of the excavation face can be achieved.

[0022] The rock-breaking device of the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0023] A rock-breaking device includes a central main shaft. At least one laterally extending cross arm is provided at the front of the central main shaft. A cutter is provided on the cross arm. The cutter is equipped with a cutter drive device and is oscillatingly mounted on the corresponding cross arm via a corresponding swing arm. The swing arm intersects with the cross arm and has an oblique cutting position for obliquely cutting the excavation surface and a flat cutting position for horizontally cutting the excavation surface when translated relative to the excavation surface within the swing range. An angle adjustment mechanism is provided between the swing arm (103) and the cross arm for adjusting the cutter (101) to the oblique cutting position or the flat cutting position and locking it therein.

[0024] Beneficial Effects: In the rock-breaking device of the present invention, the cutter is equipped with a cutter drive device and is oscillatingly mounted on the corresponding cross arm. Within the oscillation range, it has an oblique cutting position for obliquely cutting the excavation surface and a horizontal cutting position for horizontally cutting the excavation surface when translating relative to the excavation surface. Therefore, it can actively rotate to break the rock during operation. In the initial stage of excavation, the angle of the cutter can be adjusted to be in the oblique cutting position. At this time, the rock's weak shear strength can be utilized to achieve rock cutting with less force. After a groove that allows the cutter to enter the entire surface is excavated in this way, the cutter can be adjusted to the horizontal cutting position to cut the rock from the groove wall. The groove wall is horizontally cut to break the rock. At this time, since a free surface is formed on the rear side of the excavation surface, the cutting force of the cutter is directly applied to the rock cracks during the horizontal cutting process, resulting in tensile and shear failure. Utilizing the rock's weak tensile and shear strength, this can also be achieved with less force. Throughout the excavation process, the cutting direction of the cutter and the driving load are basically in the same direction. Therefore, bending moments on the cutting edge can be avoided, reducing chipping and thus extending the normal working cycle of the tool and reducing downtime. In summary, the rock-breaking device of the present invention can fully utilize the characteristic that the tensile shear strength of rock is lower than its compressive strength to achieve tensile and shear failure of hard rock, improve rock-breaking efficiency, and reduce the wear and tear of the rock-breaking device.

[0025] Furthermore, the crossarm is a telescopic arm that can extend and retract radially along the central main axis. When the crossarm is configured as a telescopic arm, during the tunneling process, the excavation range of the cutter head can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the crossarm in conjunction with the central main axis, allowing the cutter head to excavate over a larger area, thereby expanding the excavation radius of the rock-breaking device.

[0026] Furthermore, the telescopic arm includes a fixed sleeve, a telescopic sleeve, and a telescopic drive cylinder connected between the fixed sleeve and the telescopic sleeve, with the telescopic drive cylinder located within the fixed sleeve and the telescopic sleeve. This combined structure of the fixed sleeve, telescopic sleeve, and telescopic drive cylinder ensures sufficient thrust and tension in the radial direction of the central spindle, providing adequate driving load for the hob's cutting. Simultaneously, the built-in structure of the telescopic drive cylinder effectively protects it, ensuring its service life and low failure rate.

[0027] Furthermore, the swing arm is arranged perpendicularly to the corresponding horizontal arm, and the swing angle adjustment mechanism is a swing arm cylinder connected between the swing arm and the corresponding horizontal arm. The swing arm cylinder, as the swing angle adjustment mechanism, has the advantages of easy control and instant locking, enabling stepless adjustment of the hob's tilt angle.

[0028] Furthermore, the cutter has a cutter shaft that is offset from the geometric center of the cutter. When the cutter shaft is offset from its geometric center, high-frequency, low-radius vibration impact can be achieved during the rotation of the cutter to break the rock, which intensifies the fatigue damage of the rock strata and improves the rock breaking efficiency.

[0029] Furthermore, the cross arm and corresponding cutter have two or more sections, and when in the flat cutting position, the cutting edges of each cutter are aligned in the front-to-back direction. Two or more cutters aligned in the front-to-back direction ensure that the excavation distance of each cutter is equal, thereby balancing the load on each cutter.

[0030] Furthermore, the front side of the cutter is flat. A cutter with a flat front side can avoid interference and wear between itself and the excavation surface.

[0031] The tunneling device of the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0032] The tunneling device includes a main body, on which a rock-breaking device is provided. The rock-breaking device includes a central main shaft, and at least one laterally extending cross arm is provided at the front of the central main shaft. A cutter is provided on the cross arm, and the cutter is equipped with a cutter drive device and is oscillatingly mounted on the corresponding cross arm. Within the oscillation range, it has an oblique cutting position for obliquely cutting the excavation surface and a horizontal cutting position for horizontally cutting the excavation surface when it is translated relative to the excavation surface.

[0033] Beneficial Effects: In the tunneling device of the present invention, the rock-breaking device's cutter is equipped with a cutter drive device and is oscillatingly mounted on the corresponding crossarm. Within the oscillation range, it has an oblique cutting position for obliquely cutting the excavation surface and a horizontal cutting position for horizontally cutting the excavation surface when translating relative to the excavation surface. Therefore, it can actively rotate to break the rock during operation. In the initial stage of tunneling, the angle of the cutter can be adjusted to position it in the oblique cutting position. At this time, the rock's relatively weak shear strength can be utilized to achieve rock cutting with relatively small force. After a groove that allows the cutter to enter the entire excavation surface is excavated in this way, the cutter can be adjusted to the horizontal cutting position to cut the rock from the groove wall. The groove wall is horizontally cut to break the rock. At this time, since a free surface is formed on the rear side of the excavation surface, during the horizontal cutting process, the cutting force of the cutter is directly applied to the rock cracks, resulting in tensile and shear failure. Utilizing the rock's relatively weak tensile and shear strength, this can also be achieved with relatively small force. Throughout the entire excavation process, the cutting direction of the cutter and the driving load are basically in the same direction. Therefore, bending moments on the cutting edge can be avoided, reducing chipping and thus extending the normal working cycle of the cutting tool and reducing downtime. In summary, the tunneling device of the present invention solves the problem of low efficiency in existing rock breaking methods that utilize the characteristics of rock shear strength being less than uniaxial compressive strength and the rock breaking at the free face.

[0034] Furthermore, the crossarm is a telescopic arm that can extend and retract radially along the central main axis. When the crossarm is configured as a telescopic arm, during the tunneling process, the excavation range of the cutter head can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the crossarm in conjunction with the central main axis, allowing the cutter head to excavate over a larger area, thereby expanding the excavation radius of the rock-breaking device.

[0035] Furthermore, the telescopic arm includes a fixed sleeve, a telescopic sleeve, and a telescopic drive cylinder connected between the fixed sleeve and the telescopic sleeve, with the telescopic drive cylinder located within the fixed sleeve and the telescopic sleeve. This combined structure of the fixed sleeve, telescopic sleeve, and telescopic drive cylinder ensures sufficient thrust and tension in the radial direction of the central spindle, providing adequate driving load for the hob's cutting. Simultaneously, the built-in structure of the telescopic drive cylinder effectively protects it, ensuring its service life and low failure rate.

[0036] Furthermore, the swing arm is arranged perpendicularly to the corresponding horizontal arm, and the swing angle adjustment mechanism is a swing arm cylinder connected between the swing arm and the corresponding horizontal arm. The swing arm cylinder, as the swing angle adjustment mechanism, has the advantages of easy control and instant locking, enabling stepless adjustment of the hob's tilt angle.

[0037] Furthermore, the cutter has a cutter shaft that is offset from the geometric center of the cutter. When the cutter shaft is offset from its geometric center, high-frequency, low-radius vibration impact can be achieved during the rotation of the cutter to break the rock, which intensifies the fatigue damage of the rock strata and improves the rock breaking efficiency.

[0038] Furthermore, the cross arm and corresponding cutter have two or more sections, and when in the flat cutting position, the cutting edges of each cutter are aligned in the front-to-back direction. Two or more cutters aligned in the front-to-back direction ensure that the excavation distance of each cutter is equal, thereby balancing the load on each cutter.

[0039] Furthermore, the front side of the cutter is flat. A cutter with a flat front side can avoid interference and wear between itself and the excavation surface.

[0040] Furthermore, the main body of the device includes at least one cantilever that can drive the rock-breaking device to move horizontally, and the rock-breaking device is mounted on the cantilever. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking method of the present invention, showing the oblique cutting of the rolling cutter.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking method of the present invention, showing the use of a roller cutter for flat cutting.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hob eccentric vibration trajectory principle of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking process at the beginning in Embodiment 1 of the rock-breaking method of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking method of the present invention, in which the roller cutter moves along a spiral line to cut and break the rock.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a first perspective view of Embodiment 1 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a second perspective view of Embodiment 1 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of oblique cutting rock breaking in Embodiment 1 of the rock breaking device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a rock-breaking device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, which is also a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking method of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention after the outer rock layer has been broken, and it is also a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking method of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking device of the present invention when it is about to break through the middle rock layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and it is also a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking method of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation face formed after breaking the rock layer in the middle of the excavation face in Embodiment 1 of the rock breaking device of the present invention, and also a schematic diagram of the process of the rock breaking method of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention when the rock layer at the edge of the excavation face is about to be broken, and it is also a schematic diagram of the process of the rock-breaking method of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention after breaking the rock layer at the edge of the excavation face, and also a schematic diagram of the process of the rock-breaking method of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the tunnel after excavation using the rock-breaking device of the present invention in Embodiment 1, and also a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking method of the present invention.

[0056] In the diagram: 101, hobbing cutter; 102, excavation face; 21, grooving; 103, swing arm;

[0057] 104. Telescopic boom; 105. Central spindle; 106. Excavation blind spot; 107. Main drive unit; 108. Swing arm cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0059] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0060] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, terms such as "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0061] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0062] Example 1 of the rock-breaking method of the present invention:

[0063] The rock-breaking method includes the following steps: 1) Using a cutter 101 with a built-in cutter drive device, the cutter is obliquely cut into the excavation face 102 (e.g., ...). Figure 1 , Figure 4 ), and move the cutter 101 along a set path until a groove 21 is excavated on the excavation surface 102 that allows the cutter 101 to enter as a whole (e.g. Figure 2 , Figure 4 ); 2) Adjust the posture of the cutter head 101 so that the cutter head 101 is basically parallel to the excavation face (e.g., Figure 2The rolling cutter 101 is moved to cut horizontally against the wall of the groove 21 until the excavation of the excavation face is completed (e.g., ...). Figure 5 , Figure 9 , Figures 10-15 ).

[0064] In this embodiment, the rotation axis of the roller cutter 101 is eccentrically set to achieve a vibration rock-breaking effect (e.g., Figure 3 Additionally, to adjust the angle between the cutter head 101 and the excavation face, the cutter head 101 is mounted on a swing arm 103 that can be swung closer to or further away from the excavation face (e.g., ...). Figure 6 , Figure 7 When the swing arm 103 swings, the angle of inclination of the cutter 101 relative to the excavation face 102 can change accordingly. To achieve the movement of the cutter 101, the swing arm 103 is mounted on a central spindle 105 via a telescopic arm 104 (e.g., ...). Figure 6 , Figure 7 When the central spindle 105 rotates, the hob 101 will translate accordingly. When the telescopic arm 104 extends and retracts, the hob 101 will also translate accordingly.

[0065] In this embodiment, the path set in step 1) is an arc-shaped path (e.g., Figure 5 In step 2), the translation of the cutter 101 includes an arcuate translation around the central axis 105, a radial translation along the central axis 105 driven by the telescopic arm 104, and a translation that occurs along the central axis 105. Specifically, after the cutter 101 enters the cutting groove 21 through step 1), it first performs translational cutting around the central axis 105 under the rotation of the central axis 105. After one cut, the length of the telescopic arm 104 is adjusted (extended or shortened) to bring the cutter 101 to a new cutting position, and then it translates around the central axis 105 again. This cycle repeats, so that the translational trajectory of the cutter 101 forms a spiral. During the tunneling process, by translating the central axis 105, another spiral path translation is performed to eliminate the excavation blind zone 106 directly in front of the main axis and remove the excess part at the tunnel edge (such as...). Figure 5 , Figure 9 , Figures 10-15 ).

[0066] Example 2 of the rock-breaking method of the present invention:

[0067] In Embodiment 1 of the rock-breaking method of the present invention, the same cutter 101 is used in steps 1) and 2). In this embodiment, the cutter in step 2) can be a replaced cutter. For example, the tunneling machine has two cutting arms, the cutter in step 1) is located in one cutting arm, and the cutter in step 2) is located in the other cutting arm.

[0068] Example 3 of the rock-breaking method of the present invention:

[0069] In embodiments 1 and 2 of the rock-breaking method of the present invention, a single cutter head 101 is used to excavate the excavation face. In this embodiment, three cutter heads 101 are used simultaneously for excavation. The three cutter heads are located at different positions on the excavation face, for example, radially along the central spindle 105, with unequal distances between each cutter head 101 and the central spindle 105. Of course, in other embodiments, the number of cutter heads can be two or more, depending on the specific circumstances.

[0070] Example 4 of the rock-breaking method of the present invention:

[0071] In embodiments 1, 2, and 3 of the rock-breaking method of the present invention, the translation of the roller cutter 101 in step 2) includes the translation of a circular trajectory. In this embodiment, the translation of the roller cutter is only the translation in the up-down and left-right directions.

[0072] Example 5 of the rock-breaking method of the present invention:

[0073] In embodiments 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the rock-breaking method of the present invention, the inclination angle of the roller cutter 101 during the flat cutting in step 2) is 0°. In this embodiment, the value of the inclination angle can also be arranged according to the actual situation, for example, a value near 0°. As long as the purpose of flat cutting and rock breaking can be basically achieved, a better rock-breaking effect can be obtained.

[0074] Example 6 of the rock-breaking method of the present invention:

[0075] In embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the rock-breaking method of the present invention, the moving trajectory of the roller cutter 101 during horizontal cutting is spiral. In this embodiment, the trajectory of the roller cutter during horizontal cutting is circular. After cutting a circle, by adjusting the distance between the moving trajectory of the roller cutter and the center point, excavation at different positions on the excavation face can be achieved. This excavation method is a staged excavation in the radial direction of the excavation face. Similarly, in other embodiments of the rock-breaking method of the present invention, the moving trajectory of the roller cutter during horizontal cutting does not have to be a perfect circle; it can be just an arc.

[0076] Example 1 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention:

[0077] This rock-breaking device can be used to implement the rock-breaking method of the present invention, such as... Figure 5-12 As shown, it includes a central spindle 105, a cross arm, a swing arm 103, and a hob 101.

[0078] like Figure 6 , 6As shown, a main drive device 107 is connected to the rear end of the central spindle 105. The main drive device 107 can drive the central spindle 105 to rotate. In this embodiment, the main drive device 107 is specifically a hydraulic motor (in other embodiments, it can also be an electric motor). The function of the central spindle 105 is to drive the cutter 101 to move by rotating and to provide the cutter 101 with the pressure required to cut the rock.

[0079] The crossarm extends laterally along the central main shaft 105. In this embodiment, it specifically extends radially along the central main shaft 105, perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft 105. The crossarm here is specifically a telescopic arm 104, including a fixed sleeve, a telescopic sleeve, and a telescopic drive cylinder. The telescopic drive cylinder is hidden within the fixed sleeve and the telescopic sleeve. The fixed sleeve is fixedly connected to the main shaft; the connection method can be welding, bolting, etc., which will not be elaborated here. The telescopic sleeve of the telescopic arm 104 can extend and retract relative to the fixed sleeve under the drive of the telescopic drive cylinder, thus providing the driving load required for the cutter 101 to cut rock. In this embodiment, there are three crossarms of different lengths, resulting in different working radii.

[0080] The swing arm 103 extends laterally along the cross arm, with its tail end hinged to the cross arm. In this embodiment, a hinge seat is provided on the telescopic sleeve of the cross arm, and a fork head that cooperates with the hinge seat is provided at the tail end of the swing arm 103. The swing arm 103 is hinged to the cross arm through the cooperation between the fork head and the hinge seat. The swing axis of the swing arm 103 is parallel to the excavation face during tunneling, and it can move away from or closer to the excavation face by swinging. A swing angle adjustment mechanism is provided between the swing arm 103 and the cross arm. In this embodiment, the swing angle adjustment mechanism is composed of a telescopic component connected between the swing arm 103 and the cross arm, specifically the swing arm cylinder 108.

[0081] The hob 101 has a cutter shaft and a built-in hob drive device, which is installed on the front side of the swing arm 103 at the end away from the horizontal arm. In this embodiment, the hob drive device is specifically a motor, such as... Figure 3 As shown, in order to achieve the effect of vibratory rock breaking, the geometric center of the cutter 101 is eccentrically arranged relative to the rotation center. With the swing of the swing arm 103, the cutter 101 can form an oblique cutting position and a horizontal cutting position relative to the excavation face. When it is in the oblique cutting position, with the advancement and rotation of the central main shaft 105, the cutter 101 penetrates the rock in an oblique cutting posture. Driven by the central main shaft 105 and the cross arm, a cutting groove 21 can be cut out on the rock surface. At this time, the cutter 101 is adjusted to the horizontal cutting position. The inclination angle between the cutter 101 and the excavation face decreases, but the inclination angle between the cutter 101 and the groove wall of the cutting groove 21 increases. At this time, a free surface is formed at the edge of the cutting groove 21. The cutter 101 can easily cut the rock by moving it.

[0082] The working principle of the rock-breaking device in this embodiment is as follows: When in use, the rock-breaking device is installed on the cantilever of the main body of the tunneling machine. When tunneling begins, the extension arm cylinder 108 first causes the cutter 101, which is initially parallel to the excavation face, to tilt at an angle to reach the oblique cutting position and penetrate the rock in an oblique cutting posture. Then, the rotation of the central spindle 105 and the extension and retraction of the telescopic arm 104 are used to cut a groove 21 on the excavation face. At this time, the arm cylinder 108 retracts, and the cutter 101 and the excavation face return to a state of parallelism. Subsequently, the rotation of the central spindle 105 and the extension of the horizontal arm cause the cutter 101 to cut the groove wall of the groove 21 in a spiral trajectory. This cutting process constitutes the flat cutting process. Due to the presence of the crossarms, a blind excavation zone 106 will be formed at the center of the excavation face. At this time, the crossarms other than the longest crossarm can be retracted, and then the central spindle 105 can be translated so that the cutter 101 on the adjusted longest crossarm can cover the blind excavation zone 106, while the cutters 101 on the other crossarms will not cut into the rock strata outside the designed cross section, thus completing the cutting of the aforementioned blind excavation zone.

[0083] Example 2 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention:

[0084] In Embodiment 1 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention, the cross arm is a straight arm that extends radially along the central main axis. In this embodiment, the cross arm extends relative to the central main axis and is inclined forward from one end connected to the central main axis to the other end. That is, it only extends laterally to the central main axis and does not form a perpendicular relationship with the main axis. In this case, the cross arm will form a larger space at the front end of the central main axis to avoid interference between the central main axis and the excavation face during the tunneling process.

[0085] Example 3 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention:

[0086] In embodiments 1 and 2 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention, there are three horizontal arms, and the lengths of the three horizontal arms are not equal. In this embodiment, only one horizontal arm is used. During the tunneling process, the full-section excavation of the excavation face is achieved by the extension and retraction of the horizontal arm and the translation of the central main shaft.

[0087] Example 4 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention:

[0088] In embodiments 1, 2, and 3 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention, the cross arm is a telescopic arm. In this embodiment, the length of the cross arm is fixed, and during the tunneling process, full-section excavation is achieved by the translation of the central main shaft.

[0089] Example 5 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention:

[0090] In embodiments 1-4 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention, the swing arm and the cross arm are perpendicular to each other. In this embodiment, the swing arm only needs to ensure that it intersects with the cross arm, that is, there is a certain angle between the two, so that when the cross arm drives the thin-walled swing arm to move, the end of the swing arm away from the cross arm forms an arc-shaped motion of "digging a hole".

[0091] Example 6 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention:

[0092] In embodiments 1-5 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention, the swing angle adjustment mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder. In this embodiment, the swing angle adjustment device adopts a screw and nut cooperation structure, that is, screws are respectively hinged to the swing arm and the cross arm, and the swing angle of the swing arm is adjusted by rotating the nut that cooperates with both. Of course, in other embodiments, the swing angle adjustment device can also use push rods of unequal length. When it is necessary to adjust the swing angle of the swing arm, different push rods can be replaced.

[0093] Example 7 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention:

[0094] In embodiments 1-6 of the rock-breaking device of the present invention, the center of the roller cutter is offset from its rolling center. In this embodiment, the center of the roller cutter is coaxial with the rolling center.

[0095] Embodiment 1 of the tunneling device of the present invention: The device includes a device body, the device body includes a cantilever, and a rock breaking device is provided at the end of the cantilever away from the device body and can drive the rock breaking device to move horizontally. The structure of the device body is prior art, such as the body of an existing cantilever tunneling machine, etc. The structure of the rock breaking device is the same as that of Embodiment 1 of the rock breaking device of the present invention, and will not be described in detail here.

[0096] It should be particularly emphasized that in other embodiments of the tunneling device of the present invention, the number of cantilever arms of the main body of the device may be two or more, and the structure of the rock breaking device may be any one of the structures of embodiments 2-7 of the rock breaking device of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of breaking rock, characterised by, The method comprises the following steps: 1) obliquely cutting into the excavation surface by using the cutting edge of the cutter with a cutter driving device, and moving the cutter until a cutting groove is excavated on the excavation surface, which can allow the cutter to enter as a whole; 2) adjusting the posture of the cutter, or exchanging the cutter, the front side of which is a plane, so that the cutting edge of the cutter is parallel to the cutting groove wall during the parallel cutting process, and the cutter is translated until the excavation of the excavation surface is completed; the parallel cutting excavation surface formed after the parallel cutting of step 2) is a plane.

2. The rock breaking method according to claim 1, characterized by, The geometric center of the cutter is offset from the rolling center of the cutter.

3. The rock breaking method according to claim 1, characterized by, In step 1) / step 2), more than two cutters are used to obliquely cut / parallelly cut the excavation surface at the same time, respectively.

4. The rock breaking method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, In step 2), the translation trajectory of the cutter is an arc trajectory or a circular trajectory; or the cutter completes the excavation of the excavation surface by translating along more than two concentric spiral trajectories, respectively.

5. Rock breaking device for carrying out the rock breaking method according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising a central spindle, characterized in that, The front part of the central main shaft is provided with at least one transversely extending cross arm, the cross arm is provided with a cutter, the cutter is provided with a cutter driving device, and is swingably mounted on the corresponding cross arm through a corresponding swing arm, the swing arm intersects the cross arm, and has an oblique cutting position for obliquely cutting the excavation surface and a parallel cutting position for parallelly cutting the excavation surface when translating relative to the excavation surface within the swing range; a swing angle adjusting mechanism is arranged between the swing arm and the cross arm for adjusting the cutter to the oblique cutting position or the parallel cutting position and locking the cutter; the swing arm is arranged perpendicularly to the corresponding cross arm.

6. The rock breaking device of claim 5, wherein, The cross arm is a telescopic arm that can extend and retract in the radial direction of the central main shaft.

7. The rock breaking device of claim 6, wherein, The telescopic arm comprises a fixed sleeve, a telescopic sleeve and a telescopic driving oil cylinder connected between the fixed sleeve and the telescopic sleeve, and the telescopic driving oil cylinder is arranged in the fixed sleeve and the telescopic sleeve.

8. A rock breaking device according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The swing arm and the corresponding cross arm are arranged perpendicularly, and the swing angle adjusting mechanism is a swing arm oil cylinder connected between the swing arm and the corresponding cross arm.

9. A rock breaking device according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The cutter has a cutter shaft, and the cutter shaft is offset from the geometric center of the cutter.

10. A rock breaking device according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The cross arm and the corresponding cutter are more than two, and when in the parallel cutting position, the cutting edges of the cutters are flush in the front-rear direction.

11. A boring device comprising a device body, on which a rock breaking device is provided, characterized in that, The rock breaking device is the rock breaking device according to any one of claims 5-10.

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