A new quasi-mechanized slicing and filling mining method for out-of-vein mining of thin to medium-thick ore veins

Abstract

The present invention discloses a new method for mechanized sublevel filling mining outside the vein of thin to medium-thick ore veins. The stoping panel is divided according to the prospecting density of the ore vein. A reverse-type development ramp is constructed parallel to the ore vein strike near the footwall / hanging wall of the ore vein in the stoping panel. A reversing chamber is arranged at the reversing point of the reverse-type development ramp. A sublevel connection roadway is constructed every time the reverse-type development ramp rises by one sublevel height. An ore pass outside the vein is connected outside the reverse-type development ramp. During the stoping of the stope, access the ore vein through the sublevel connection roadway, and the mined ore is sent into the ore pass outside the vein through the ore transport equipment via the sublevel connection roadway and the reverse-type development ramp. After the stoping of each sublevel is completed, a filling retaining wall is set at the entrance of the sublevel connection roadway and filling treatment is carried out. After the filling body is cured to the designed strength, transfer to the stoping of the next sublevel until the stoping of this panel is completed. It effectively realizes the safe, efficient and low-cost economic mining of lower-value thin to medium-thick ore veins by the sublevel filling method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of mine exploitation, and particularly relates to a new method for mechanized sublevel filling mining with off-vein development for thin to medium-thick ore veins. Background Art

[0002] During the process of exploiting thin to medium-thick ore veins by using the mechanized sublevel filling mining method with an off-vein development system, it is necessary to construct sectional crossheadings every 10 - 15 m through the ramp (development engineering), and construct sublevel connection headings every 50 - 60 m through the sectional crossheadings. This often causes disadvantages such as a large mining and cutting ratio, a long mining and cutting preparation time, and a low mining economic benefit.

[0003] With the gradual exploitation of high-value ore veins and the downward movement of the mining level, the problem of economically exploiting some thin to medium-thick ore veins with low grades has become increasingly prominent, which brings adverse effects to the survival and development of such mines. Facing this problem, an in-vein development system is usually adopted. The load-haul-dump machine or electric scraper is put into the stope in advance, and when filling, the ore-drawing equipment is hung on the stope roof or driven to the waste rock pile layer by layer. At the same time, personnel, materials, and equipment all need to enter the stope through the in-vein shaft, resulting in low production efficiency, high labor intensity, small production capacity, difficult safety management and production supervision of this method. If the mine production is intense and the available stope ore blocks are insufficient, this method cannot be used for exploitation, seriously restricting the economy of exploiting similar ore deposits. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the invention is to provide a new method for mechanized sublevel filling mining with off-vein development for thin to medium-thick ore veins, which has a small mining and cutting ratio, a short mining and cutting preparation time, and improved mining efficiency.

[0005] The new method for mechanized sublevel filling mining with off-vein development for thin to medium-thick ore veins provided by the invention divides the stoping panel according to the prospecting grid density of the ore vein. A reverse-type development ramp is constructed parallel to the ore vein strike near the footwall / hanging wall of the ore vein in the stoping panel. A reversing chamber is arranged at the reversing point of the reverse-type development ramp. A sublevel connection heading is constructed every time the reverse-type development ramp rises by one sublevel height. An off-vein ore pass is connected outside the reverse-type development ramp; during stope stoping, enter the ore vein through the sublevel connection heading, and the mined ore is sent into the off-vein ore pass through the ore transportation equipment, sublevel connection heading, and reverse-type development ramp; after each sublevel stoping is completed, a filling retaining wall is set at the sublevel connection heading entrance and filling treatment is carried out. After the filling body is cured to the designed strength, transfer to the next sublevel stoping until the stoping of this panel is completed.

[0006] In an implementation manner of the above method, the prospecting grid density is (20 - 25 m) × (20 - 25 m).

[0007] In an implementation manner of the above method, the ore vein is divided into a stoping panel every 70 - 100 m.

[0008] 4. The new method for mechanized sublevel backfilling mining outside the vein with thin to medium-thick ore veins as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the return-type development ramp and the ore vein is 5-8 m.

[0009] In one embodiment of the above method, the sublevel height is 3-5 m.

[0010] In one embodiment of the above method, the panel stoping adopts upward backfilling mining or downward sublevel backfilling mining.

[0011] In one embodiment of the above method, the strength of the cement surface of the filling body for upward sublevel backfilling mining only needs to reach 1 MPa; for downward sublevel backfilling mining, the strength requirement of the filling body is not less than 5 MPa, and a steel mesh needs to be laid at the bottom of the filling body and welded to the anchor bolts anchored into the hanging wall.

[0012] One embodiment of the above method includes the following steps:

[0013] (1) Divide the stoping panel, determine the mining height as the level height, and determine the sublevel height of the level.

[0014] (2) Construct the return-type development ramp.

[0015] (3) Construct an ore pass outside the vein connected to the return-type development ramp as the channel for lowering the mined ore.

[0016] (4) At each sublevel height corresponding to the return-type development ramp, construct a sublevel connection roadway penetrating the ore vein boundary.

[0017] (5) Conduct sublevel stoping in the panel. Enter the stope from the sublevel connection roadway within the sublevel and advance simultaneously towards both sides until the panel boundary.

[0018] (6) Blast for ore drawing. After ventilation, use ore handling equipment to enter the stope through the return-type development ramp and the sublevel connection roadway to shovel the ore, return along the original route, pour the ore into the ore pass outside the vein, and the ore is transported out of the surface after entering the transportation level from the ore pass.

[0019] (7) After the sublevel stoping is completed, set up a filling retaining wall in the sublevel connection roadway for filling treatment. After the filling body is cured to the designed strength, enter the ore body through the sublevel connection roadway of the next stoping sublevel to start a new stoping cycle until the panel stoping is completed.

[0020] The present invention constructs a reverse-heading mining access ramp outside the near-ore vein to replace the development ramp and sectional level roadway projects in the prior art, saving a large amount of engineering work. It also enables efficient ore extraction by load-haul-dump machines, and personnel, materials, equipment, etc. can easily enter the mining working face through this ramp. It solves the dilemma that mechanized equipment cannot be introduced due to the absence of a development ramp in the mine, ensures the ore extraction efficiency, reduces the labor intensity, saves the high cost of the development ramp, and improves the underground production management and safety supervision work. By constructing the sectional connection roadway from the reverse-heading ramp, the length of the sectional connection roadway is very short, greatly reducing the large amount of sectional connection roadway projects in the prior art. Generally speaking, under the premise of ensuring a high ore extraction efficiency and a low labor intensity, this mining method significantly reduces the development and cutting engineering (sectional level roadway, sectional connection roadway), reduces the development and cutting ratio and the comprehensive mining cost, and also takes into account the requirements of production management and safety supervision, achieving the goal of mechanized, safe, efficient, low-cost, and economical mining of low-grade thin to medium-thick ore veins. It effectively solves the problems in the safe, efficient, and low-cost economic mining of low-value thin to medium-thick ore veins using the cut-and-fill method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic elevation layout diagram of the mining access engineering of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the schematic sectional view taken along line A-A in

[0023] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the schematic sectional view taken along line B-B in

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic elevation layout diagram of the mining access engineering of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 is Figure 4 the schematic sectional view taken along line C-C in

[0026] Figure 6 is Figure 4 the schematic sectional view taken along line D-D in

[0027] Reference numerals in the figures:

[0028] 1 - main roadway; 2 - crosscut; 3 - reverse-heading mining access ramp; 4 - off-vein ore pass; 5 - pass connection roadway;

[0029] 6 - sectional connection roadway; 7 - filling and ventilation raise; 8 - false floor reinforcement; 9 - filling body; 10 - turning chamber; 11 - level roadway; 12 - bolt; 13 - reinforcement; 14 - hanging reinforcement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] To solve the problems of large extraction ratio, long extraction preparation time, and low mining economic benefits in the off-vein mining and mechanized sublevel backfilling mining method for thin to medium-thick ore veins, the new method adopted is as follows:

[0031] According to the exploration grid density of the ore vein, the stoping panel is divided. A reverse drift haulage ramp is constructed parallel to the strike of the ore vein near the off-vein at the footwall / hanging wall of the ore vein in the stoping panel. A reversing chamber is arranged at the reversing point of the reverse drift haulage ramp. A sublevel connection roadway is constructed every time the reverse drift haulage ramp rises by one sublevel height. An off-vein ore pass is connected outside the reverse drift haulage ramp. During the stope mining, the ore is entered through the sublevel connection roadway, and the mined ore is sent to the off-vein ore pass through the ore transportation equipment via the sublevel connection roadway and the reverse drift haulage ramp. After the mining of each sublevel is completed, a filling retaining wall is set at the mouth of the sublevel connection roadway, and filling treatment is carried out. After the filling body is cured to the design strength, the mining is transferred to the next sublevel until the mining of the panel is completed.

[0032] Under the guidance of the above method, the specific steps of Example 1 (combined with Figures 1 to 3 ) are as follows:

[0033] (1) Control the exploration grid density of the ore vein within (20 - 25m) × (20 - 25m) through adit exploration or in-pit drilling. The ore vein is divided into a stoping panel every 70 - 100m. The mining height is the level height, and the sublevel height is 3 - 5m, which can be specifically determined according to the stability of the ore body and surrounding rock.

[0034] (2) Starting from the footwall of the ore vein, at a position about 5m away from the off-vein, construct a reverse drift haulage ramp (hereinafter referred to as the off-vein ramp) parallel to the strike of the ore vein, with a specification of 2.8m × 2.8m. A reversing chamber is set at the reversing point of the off-vein ramp.

[0035] (3) Construct an off-vein ore pass with a specification of φ1.4m at the middle position of the panel. This ore pass is connected to the off-vein ramp and serves as the channel for lowering the mined ore.

[0036] (4) Every time the mining sublevel height is raised by 3 - 5m, construct a sublevel connection roadway on the off-vein ramp, with a specification of 2.8m × 2.8m, and penetrate the ore vein boundary. That is, the length of the sublevel connection roadway is only about 5m, which is the distance between the off-vein ramp and the ore vein, and is very short.

[0037] (5) In the stoping panel of this example, the ore vein is mined layer by layer from bottom to top (upward sublevel backfilling mining) in sequence; within the sublevel, enter the stope from the sublevel connection roadway and advance simultaneously to both sides until the panel boundary, which is forward mining.

[0038] (6) Use a short-hole rock drill to construct blast holes for ore blasting. After ventilation, use a scraper loader to enter the stope through the off-vein ramp and the cross-cut in each level to load and haul the ore. Finally, return along the original route, pour the ore into the off-vein ore pass, and then enter the transportation level to transport the ore to the surface.

[0039] (7) After the stoping in each level is completed, set up filling retaining walls in the cross-cuts in each level for centralized filling treatment. After the filling body is cured to the designed strength (the strength of the rubber surface reaches 1 MPa), enter the ore vein through the cross-cut in the next stoping level to start a new stoping cycle until the panel stoping is completed.

[0040] In Example 2 under the guidance of the above method (in combination with Figures 4 to 6 ), the specific steps refer to Example 1. The difference is that in step (2), the off-vein ramp is constructed starting from the hanging wall of the ore vein; during filling in step (7), the strength requirement of the filling body is not less than 5 MPa, and a steel mesh needs to be laid at the bottom of the filling body, and it is welded into a whole with the anchor rod anchored into the hanging wall through the suspension bar.

[0041] The main innovation of this method is to construct a return-type development ramp along the ore vein strike outside the near-ore vein, which enables mechanized equipment, personnel, materials, etc. to conveniently enter the stope through this temporary ramp, ensuring the ore extraction efficiency, reducing the labor intensity, and facilitating production management and safety supervision; adopting a relatively high ore control density and constructing extremely short cross-cuts in each level "close to" the ore vein, saving a large amount of cross-cut engineering and development time, and significantly reducing the development ratio and the comprehensive mining cost.

[0042] Verified, this method can save the high cost of developing a ramp about 360 m long in the existing technology; by controlling the ore exploration density of the ore vein within the range of (20 - 25 m) × (20 - 25 m), it is convenient to construct the off-vein ramp 5 m away from the ore vein, reducing the original cross-cut in each level from about 35 m to 5 m when constructing from the sublevel drift to the ore vein, saving about 240 m of engineering quantity, significantly reducing the development ratio by about 26%, and effectively solving the problems in the safe, efficient, and low-cost economic mining of low-value thin to medium-thick ore veins using the sublevel filling method.

Claims

1. A new quasi-mechanized sliced filling mining method for mining outside the vein of thin to medium-thick ore veins, characterized in that This method divides the stoping panel according to the prospecting grid density of the ore vein. Parallel to the strike of the ore vein, a reverse drift ramp is constructed near the footwall / hanging wall of the ore vein in the stoping panel. A turning chamber is arranged at the turning point of the reverse drift ramp. A crosscut connecting lane is constructed for each rise of a stratification height of the reverse drift ramp. An ore pass outside the vein is connected outside the reverse drift ramp. During the stoping of the stope, access the ore vein through the crosscut connecting lane. The mined ore is sent to the ore pass outside the vein through the ore transport equipment via the crosscut connecting lane and the reverse drift ramp. After the stoping of each stratification is completed, a filling retaining wall is set at the entrance of the crosscut connecting lane and filling treatment is carried out. After the filling body is cured to the designed strength, transfer to the stoping of the next stratification until the stoping of this panel is completed. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Divide the stoping panel, determine the mining height as the level height, and determine the stratification height of the level. (2) Construct the reverse drift ramp. (3) Construct an ore pass outside the vein connected to the reverse drift ramp as the channel for lowering the mined ore. (4) Construct a crosscut connecting lane penetrating the ore vein boundary at each stratification height corresponding to the reverse drift ramp. (5) Conduct stratified stoping in the panel. Enter the stope from the crosscut connecting lane within the stratification and advance simultaneously towards both sides until the panel boundary. (6) Blast for ore caving. After the ventilation is completed, use the ore transport equipment to enter the stope through the reverse drift ramp and the crosscut connecting lane to shovel the ore, return along the original route, pour the ore into the ore pass outside the vein, and the ore is transported out of the ground after entering the transportation level from the ore pass. (7) After the stoping of each stratification is completed, set a filling retaining wall in the crosscut connecting lane and carry out filling treatment. After the filling body is cured to the designed strength, enter the ore body through the crosscut connecting lane of the next stoping stratification and start a new stoping cycle until the stoping of the panel is completed.

2. The new method for mechanized slicing and filling mining outside the vein of thin to medium-thick ore veins as described in claim 1, characterized in that The prospecting grid density is (20 - 25m) × (20 - 25m).

3. The new method for mechanized slicing and filling mining outside the vein of thin to medium-thick ore veins as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The ore vein is divided into a stoping panel every 70 - 100m.

4. The new method for mechanized sub-level filling mining outside the vein of thin to medium-thick ore veins as described in claim 1, characterized in that The distance between the reverse drift ramp and the ore vein is 5 - 8m.

5. The new method for mechanized stratified filling mining outside the vein of thin to medium-thick ore veins as described in claim 1, characterized in that The stratification height is 3 - 5m.

6. The new method for mechanized sublevel filling mining outside the vein of thin to medium-thick ore veins as described in claim 1, characterized in that Upward filling mining or downward slicing filling mining is adopted for the panel stoping.

7. The new method for mechanized slicing and filling mining outside the vein of thin to medium-thick ore veins as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that For upward slicing filling mining, the rubber surface strength of the filling body reaches 1MPa; for downward slicing filling mining, the strength requirement of the filling body is not less than 5MPa, and a steel mesh needs to be laid at the bottom of the filling body and welded to the anchor bolts anchored into the hanging wall.

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