Component and use thereof, method for dispensing a water-binder mixture by means of the component

Abstract

The invention relates to a component (28) having a water-binder mixture (2) comprising water and a hydraulic binder and a print head (1) for controlled output of the water-binder mixture, the print head having a supply channel (3) for supplying the water-binder mixture, an outlet (4) fluidically connectable to the supply channel and a valve (5), by means of which the outlet can be opened and closed in a controlled manner, whereby a predetermined dose (49) of the water-binder mixture can be output through the outlet, the outlet having a diameter (20) between 0.5 and 2.0 mm, preferably: the hydraulic binder is selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, calcium aluminate cement, calcium sulfoaluminate cement and mixtures thereof, and / or the water-binder mixture comprises at least one additive, preferably a flow agent. The invention also relates to the use of the component, a method for outputting a water-binder mixture by means of the component, a 3D printing device, and a method for manufacturing a 3D component by means of a 3D printing device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a component having a water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, and at least one print head for the controlled output of the water-binder mixture, and to the use of such a component in a 3D printing device for the controlled output of a water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder. The invention also relates to a method for the controlled output of a water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, by means of at least one such component. Finally, the invention relates to a 3D printing device for the construction industry and a method for producing 3D components for the construction industry by means of a 3D printing device. Background Art

[0002] The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing of 3D components for the construction industry.

[0003] Concrete parts are usually produced using formwork elements. However, the shapes of concrete parts produced in this way are limited. Therefore, it is also desirable to be able to produce concrete parts using 3D printing methods.

[0004] But a big difficulty is that when manufacturing concrete parts, hydraulic binders, such as cement-based binders, are used, which undergo a hydration reaction in the presence of water to form a solid hydrate or hydrate phase. Until now, it was believed that these chemical processes hindered the implementation of 3D printing devices because they could easily lead to blockages and thus cause irreparable damage. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a component having a water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, and at least one print head for controlled output of the water-binder mixture, a method for controlled output of a water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, by means of at least one such component, and the use of such a component in a 3D printing device for controlled output of a water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, wherein the difficulties known from the prior art do not occur or occur only in a significantly reduced form. Another object is to provide a 3D printing device for the construction industry and a method for producing 3D components for the construction industry by means of a 3D printing device.

[0006] This object is achieved by an arrangement having a water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder and having at least one print head for the controlled output of the water-binder mixture.

[0007] Accordingly, in the assembly according to the invention it is provided that

[0008] The at least one print head comprises at least one supply channel for supplying a water-binder mixture, at least one outlet opening which can be fluidically connected to the at least one supply channel, and at least one valve, by means of which the at least one outlet opening can be opened and closed in a controlled manner, whereby a predetermined dose of the water-binder mixture can be output through the at least one outlet opening, the at least one outlet opening having a diameter of between 0.5 and 2.0 mm, preferably:

[0009] The at least one hydraulic binder is selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, calcium aluminate cement, calcium sulphoaluminate cement and mixtures thereof, and / or

[0010] The water-binder mixture comprises at least one additive, preferably at least one flow agent.

[0011] Contrary to current knowledge of the prior art, it is thus possible to output a water-binder mixture in a controlled manner in a 3D printing device by means of a print head and thus also to produce concrete components by means of a 3D printing method.

[0012] The print head according to the invention can be operated in the manner of an inkjet method, in which a predetermined amount of water-binder mixture can be applied in a controlled manner.

[0013] The print head is designed in such a way that it cannot become clogged and thus damaged during normal operation. In the event of a clog, for example due to misuse, it can be provided according to an advantageous embodiment that the print head has at least one base body and at least one replaceable body which can be detachably connected to the at least one base body, the at least one valve being arranged on the base body, the at least one outlet and / or the at least one supply channel being arranged on the at least one replaceable body. As a result, the at least one valve can be separated from the part of the print head in which the water-binder mixture is conducted. If localized hardening occurs, the at least one replaceable body can be replaced easily and the print head can thus be restored to a state ready for operation.

[0014] In this case, it can be preferably provided that the at least one replaceable body is made of at least one preferably acid-resistant plastic, which is preferably selected from the group consisting of PE, PVC, POM, PTFE and mixtures thereof, and / or comprises at least one injection-molded part, and / or has at least two partial bodies that can be detachably connected to each other, preferably at least one seal is provided between the at least two partial bodies.

[0015] These measures (alone or in combination with one another) make it possible to produce the exchangeable body inexpensively.

[0016] PTFE (also known as Teflon) is a particularly suitable material because it prevents the components of the water-binder mixture from adhering and is also resistant to acids.

[0017] Acid resistance is advantageous because some cement dissolvers also contain acid for cleaning.

[0018] It has proven to be advantageous if the at least one valve:

[0019] - constructed as an electropneumatic or solenoid valve, and / or

[0020] - has at least one compressed air connection and / or at least one electrical connection, and / or

[0021] - having at least one valve stem which is adjustable over an adjustment path preferably between 0.5 and 1.5 mm, preferably the at least one valve stem being at least partially made of at least one hard metal, and / or the free end of the at least one valve stem being spherical, and / or a seal made of an elastic material being arranged at the free end of the at least one valve stem, by means of which the at least one outlet opening can be sealed, and / or

[0022] At least one return spring is included, which is preferably designed in such a way that the at least one outlet opening can be closed with a closing force between 10 and 50 N, particularly preferably with a closing force between 20 and 40 N.

[0023] These measures, either individually or in combination with one another, contribute to a reliable opening and closing of the at least one outlet opening by means of the at least one valve without clogging occurring due to a hardening reaction.

[0024] It has also proven to be advantageous to provide at least one preferably replaceable sealing membrane which seals at least one movable part of the at least one valve, preferably the valve stem, against the penetration of water-adhesive mixture. In this way, damage to the at least one valve can be very effectively prevented.

[0025] Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the at least one outlet opening is formed in a nozzle body, preferably the nozzle body is made of at least one hard metal or ceramic, and / or has at least one inclined, preferably funnel-shaped contact surface for the free end of the valve stem of the at least one valve. These measures (alone or in combination with one another) also contribute to the fact that the at least one outlet opening can be opened and closed reliably by means of the at least one valve and cannot become blocked due to hardening reactions.

[0026] According to an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the at least one supply channel has at least one inlet for the water-binder mixture, preferably the at least one supply channel has at least one outlet opposite the at least one inlet, particularly preferably the at least one inlet and / or the at least one outlet have a thread for connecting a fluid line. If the at least one supply channel has both at least one inlet and at least one outlet for the water-binder mixture, the at least one supply channel can be connected to a circulation circuit for the water-binder mixture, from which a predetermined amount of the water-binder mixture can then be withdrawn in a controlled manner via the at least one outlet.

[0027] The print head expediently has at least one exhaust duct, by means of which pressure compensation of at least one movable part of the at least one valve, preferably a valve stem, can be produced. In this way, negative pressures caused by the movement of the at least one movable part of the at least one valve can be effectively avoided. Such negative pressures would create the risk of some of the water-binder mixture penetrating into the at least one valve.

[0028] It has proven to be advantageous if at least one control and / or regulating device is provided, by means of which the at least one valve can be controlled, and / or if the print head comprises a plurality of outlet openings which are preferably arranged equidistantly in at least one line.

[0029] Also claimed is a method for the controlled output of a water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, by means of at least one assembly according to the invention, comprising the following method steps: supplying the water-binder mixture via the at least one supply channel of the at least one print head to the at least one outlet opening of the at least one print head, preferably at a pressure of between 0.1 and 2.0 bar, and controllingly opening and closing the at least one outlet opening by means of the at least one valve of the at least one print head, and thereby outputting a predetermined dose of the water-binder mixture via the at least one outlet opening.

[0030] Also claimed is a 3D printing device for the construction industry, comprising at least one layer deposition device for depositing at least one granular aggregate layer by layer on a printing platform and at least one component having a water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, and at least one print head according to the invention for controlled delivery of the water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, onto at least one local predetermined area of ​​the layer of the at least one aggregate deposited by the at least one layer deposition device on the printing platform, preferably the 3D printing device having at least one support which is adjustable in the vertical direction in the use position of the 3D printing device, on which the at least one layer deposition device and / or the at least one print head are supported in a horizontally adjustable manner. As granular aggregate (also referred to as aggregate) at least all substances which are used for producing concrete parts at the time of the application, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, come into consideration.

[0031] Protection is also claimed for the use of the assembly according to the invention in a 3D printing device for the construction industry for the controlled output of a water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, which is preferably designed according to the invention.

[0032] And finally, protection is claimed for a method for manufacturing 3D components for the construction industry with the help of a 3D printing device according to the present invention, the method comprising the following method steps: depositing at least one layer of the at least one granular aggregate on a printing platform with the help of the at least one layer deposition device, and outputting a predetermined dose of water-binder mixture onto at least one local predetermined area of ​​the at least one layer of the at least one aggregate with the help of the at least one print head.

[0033] According to a preferred embodiment of the method, it is provided that before depositing the first layer of the at least one aggregate on the printing platform, a predetermined amount of water-binder mixture is dispensed onto at least one local predetermined area of ​​the printing platform, and / or after depositing the last layer of the at least one aggregate, a predetermined amount of water-binder mixture is dispensed onto at least one local predetermined area of ​​the last layer of the at least one aggregate. By means of these method steps, a 3D component with a particularly smooth surface can be achieved, which surface does not differ or only slightly differs in smoothness from surfaces that can be produced using formwork elements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The following further details and advantages of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic embodiment of a 3D printing device for the construction industry is shown in a perspective view;

[0036] Figure 2 An illustrative embodiment of a print head for controlled output of a water-binder mixture is shown in perspective view;

[0037] Figure 3a ) shows Figure 2 An embodiment of the print head shown, wherein a first portion of the replaceable body is not shown;

[0038] Figure 3b ) shows Figure 2 An embodiment of the print head shown, wherein the first and second parts of the replaceable body are not shown;

[0039] Figure 4a ) is shown in a perspective side view Figure 2 The embodiment of the print head shown;

[0040] Figure 4b ) shows Figure 4a ) an embodiment of the print head shown in FIG. 1 , wherein the first and second parts of the replaceable body are not shown;

[0041] Figure 5a ) shows a schematic embodiment of a component having a water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, and a print head for controlled output of the water-binder mixture in a cross-sectional view along a cross section parallel to the longitudinal axis of the print head;

[0042] Figure 5b ) is shown in a cross-sectional view along a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the print head Figure 2 The embodiment of the print head shown;

[0043] Figure 6 A schematic embodiment of a valve of a print head for controlled output of a water-binder mixture is shown in perspective view;

[0044] Figure 7a ), 7b) shows Figure 6 Individual views of the valve stem and the nozzle body of the valve shown, with the valve stem in contact with the nozzle body in sub-figure a) and the valve stem and the nozzle body being spaced apart from each other in sub-figure b);

[0045] Figure 8 Show Figure 6 An isolated view of the valve stem of the valve shown;

[0046] Fig. 9 Show Figure 6 an isolated view of the nozzle body of the valve shown; and

[0047] Fig.10A schematic exemplary embodiment of a 3D component is shown in a perspective view, which is produced by means of a 3D printing device for the construction industry according to a method for producing a 3D component for the construction industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic embodiment of a 3D printing device 29 for the construction industry is shown, comprising a layer deposition device 30 for depositing at least one granular aggregate 31 layer by layer on a printing platform 32 and a print head 1 for controlled output of a water-binder mixture 2 comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, onto at least one local predetermined area 33 of a layer 34, 35 of the at least one aggregate 31 deposited by the layer deposition device 30 on the printing platform 32. The print head 1 can be constructed according to the embodiments described in more detail below.

[0049] The 3D printing device 29 has at least one support 38 which is adjustable in a vertical direction 37 in the use position of the 3D printing device 29 and on which the layer deposition device 30 and the print head 1 are mounted so as to be adjustable in horizontal directions 40 , 41 .

[0050] It is also possible to provide more than one layer deposition device 30 and / or more than one print head 1. This allows the printing speed to be increased.

[0051] The layer deposition device 30 , as in the case shown, can have an outlet chute 43 as a temporary storage for the at least one granular aggregate 31 .

[0052] The support 38 (which can be designed as a closed frame in the illustrated case) can be mounted adjustably on the column 44 in order to be adjusted in the vertical direction 37 .

[0053] Figure 2 The following figures show a schematic embodiment of a print head 1 for controlled output of a water-binder mixture comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, the print head 1 having a supply channel 3 for supplying the water-binder mixture 2, a plurality of outlet openings 4 which can be fluidically connected to the supply channel 3, and a plurality of valves 5, by means of which the outlet openings 4 can be opened and closed in a controlled manner, whereby a predetermined dose 49 of the water-binder mixture 2 can be output through the outlet openings 4.

[0054] The outlet openings 4 are arranged equidistantly on a line 27 .

[0055] The valve 5 is designed as an electropneumatic valve and has a compressed air connection 11 and an electrical connection 12. The valve 5 can be supplied with compressed air via the compressed air connection 11, and can then operate the cylinder 47 (see also Figure 5b ).

[0056] The valves 5 each have a valve stem 14 which is preferably adjustable over an adjustment path 13 of between 0.5 and 1.5 mm and which is preferably made of at least one hard metal. Figure 7b ) is shown in .

[0057] As in the illustrated case, the valve stem 14 can have a free end 15 which is embodied in the form of a spherical head.

[0058] The valve 5 may include at least one return spring 16, which is preferably designed such that the associated outlet opening 4 can be closed with a closing force between 10 and 50 N, particularly preferably with a closing force between 20 and 40 N. Figure 5b ) is schematically shown in FIG.

[0059] The valve 5 can have a bearing 46 for the valve stem 14 , which bearing 46 can be designed in a sleeve-shaped manner as in the illustrated case. The bearing 46 surrounds the valve stem 14 and the valve stem 14 moves relative to the bearing 46 .

[0060] A preferably replaceable sealing membrane 17 is provided for each valve 5 and seals the valve stem 14 against the penetration of the water-binder mixture 2. In the concrete case, the sealing membrane is arranged sealingly between the valve stem 14 and the bearing 46.

[0061] The print head 1 has a plurality of exhaust ducts 25, by means of which pressure compensation of the valve stem 14 can be produced (see also Figure 5b Without the ventilation channel 25 , there is the risk of a negative pressure being generated on the side of the sealing membrane 17 facing the valve 5 , through which part of the water-binder mixture 2 would be sucked in and thus penetrate into the valve 5 .

[0062] from Figure 3a ) and 3b) can be particularly clearly seen that the print head 1 has a base body 6 and a replaceable body 7 detachably connected to the base body 6, the valve 5 is arranged on the base body 6, and the outlet 4 and the supply channel 3 are arranged on the replaceable body 7. In order to detachably connect the replaceable body 7 to the base body 6, a fastening device 45 (see Figure 2 ), the fastening means can be designed as screws, as in the case shown, which engage with threads formed in the base body 6.

[0063] The exchangeable body 7 is produced from at least one acid-resistant plastic, preferably selected from the group consisting of PE, PVC, POM, PTFE and mixtures thereof, and comprises at least one injection-molded part.

[0064] The replaceable body 7 has two parts 8, 9 which are detachably connected to one another, between which a seal 10 is preferably arranged (see Figure 3a ) and 5b)).

[0065] Figure 5a ) shows a schematic embodiment of a component 28 in a cross-sectional view along a cross section parallel to the longitudinal axis 50 of the print head 1, which has a water-binder mixture 2 comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, and a print head 1 for controlled output of the water-binder mixture. The longitudinal axis 50 is in Figure 2 As shown in FIG.

[0066] The print head 1 is constructed according to the preferred embodiments described above.

[0067] The at least one hydraulic binder is selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, calcium aluminate cement, calcium sulfoaluminate cement and mixtures thereof.

[0068] The water-binder mixture 2 comprises additives in the form of flow agents.

[0069] The supply channel 3 has an inlet 21 for the water-binder mixture 2 and an outlet 22 located opposite the inlet 21. The inlet 21 and the outlet 22 each have a thread 23 for connecting a fluid line 24.

[0070] The water-binder mixture 2 may be arranged in a container 51. A fluid line 24 connects the container 51 with the supply channel 3 of the print head 1.

[0071] A control and / or regulating device 26 is provided, by means of which the valves 5 of the print head 1 can be controlled. The control and / or regulating device 26 is connected to the electrical interface 12 of the valve 5 via a line 52 in each case.

[0072] With the aid of the component 28, a method for the controlled discharge of a water-binder mixture 2 comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder, in particular a cement-based binder, can be implemented, the method comprising the following method steps: the water-binder mixture 2 is supplied to the outlet 4 of the print head 1 via the supply channel 3 of the print head 1, preferably at a pressure of between 0.1 and 2.0 bar, and the outlet 4 is opened and closed in a controlled manner with the aid of a valve 5 of the print head 1 and a predetermined dose 49 of the water-binder mixture 2 is discharged through the outlet 4.

[0073] Figure 6 , 7a), 7b), 8 and 9 show details of an embodiment of a valve 5 of a print head 1 for controlled discharge of a water-binder mixture 2 and a nozzle body 18 interacting with a valve stem 14 of the valve 5, in which an outlet opening 4 is formed. The diameter 20 of the outlet opening 4 (see Figure 5a )) is between 0.5 and 2.0mm.

[0074] The nozzle body 18 is made of at least one hard metal or ceramic and has an inclined contact surface 19 for the free end 15 of the valve rod 14 of the valve 5. As in the case shown, the inclined contact surface 19 can be designed in a funnel shape.

[0075] Fig.10 A schematic embodiment of a 3D component 42 is shown, which is produced by means of a 3D printing device 29 for the construction industry according to a method for producing a 3D component 42 for the construction industry, the method comprising the following method steps: depositing layers 34, 35, 36 of the at least one granular aggregate 31 on a printing platform 32 by means of a layer deposition device 30 (the layers 34, 35, 36 Figure 1 and 10 ), and outputs a predetermined dose 49 of water-binder mixture 2 on a locally predetermined area 33 of the layers 34 , 35 , 36 of the at least one aggregate 31 via a print head 1 .

[0076] In the 3D component 42 shown, a predetermined amount 49 of the water-binder mixture 2 is deposited on at least one local predetermined area 33 of the printing platform 32 before the first layer 34 of the at least one aggregate 31 is deposited on the printing platform 32, and after the last layer 36 of the at least one aggregate 31 is deposited, a predetermined amount 49 of the water-binder mixture 2 is deposited on at least one local predetermined area 33 of the last layer 36 of the at least one aggregate 31. In this way, a very smooth surface 48 can be produced on the upper side and the lower side of the 3D component 42.

Claims

1. A 3D printing device (29) for the construction industry, comprising at least one layer deposition device (30) for depositing layer by layer at least one granular aggregate (31) on a printing platform (32), and at least one component (28), the component having a water-binder mixture (2) comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder and at least one print head (1), the at least one print head being used to controllably output the water-binder mixture (2) onto at least one local predetermined area (33) of a layer (34, 35, 36) of the at least one aggregate (31), the layer of the at least one aggregate being deposited on the printing platform (32) by the at least one layer deposition device (30), characterized in that The at least one print head (1) comprises at least one supply channel (3) for supplying a water-binder mixture (2), at least one outlet opening (4) which can be fluidically connected to the at least one supply channel (3), and at least one valve (5) by means of which the at least one outlet opening (4) can be opened and closed in a controlled manner, thereby enabling a predetermined dose (49) of the water-binder mixture (2) to be output through the at least one outlet opening (4), the at least one outlet opening (4) having a diameter (20) between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm.

2. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 1, wherein: The at least one hydraulic binder is selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, calcium aluminate cement, calcium sulphoaluminate cement and mixtures thereof, and / or The water-binder mixture (2) comprises at least one additive.

3. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 2, wherein: The additive is a flow agent.

4. The 3D printing device (29) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The hydraulic binder is a cement-based binder.

5. The 3D printing device (29) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The print head (1) comprises at least one base body (6) and at least one replaceable body (7) which can be detachably connected to the at least one base body (6), the at least one valve (5) being arranged on the base body, wherein the at least one outlet (4) and / or the at least one supply channel (3) are arranged on the at least one replaceable body (7).

6. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 5, wherein: The at least one replaceable body (7): Made of at least one plastic, and / or comprises at least one injection molded part, and / or It has at least two parts (8, 9).

7. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 6, wherein: The plastic is an acid-resistant plastic.

8. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 6, wherein: The plastic is selected from the group consisting of PE, PVC, POM, PTFE and mixtures thereof.

9. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 6, wherein: The partial bodies (8, 9) can be detachably connected to each other.

10. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 6, wherein: At least one seal (10) is arranged between the at least two component bodies (8, 9).

11. The 3D printing device (29) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The at least one valve (5): - constructed as an electropneumatic valve or a solenoid valve, and / or - has at least one compressed air connection (11) and / or at least one electrical connection (12), and / or - having at least one adjustable valve stem (14), and / or - comprises at least one return spring (16).

12. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 11, wherein: The valve stem (14) is adjustable on an adjustment path (13) between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm.

13. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 11, wherein: The at least one valve stem (14) is at least partially made of at least one hard metal, and / or the free end (15) of the at least one valve stem (14) is spherical, and / or a seal made of an elastic material is provided on the free end (15) of the at least one valve stem (14), by means of which the at least one outlet opening (4) can be sealed.

14. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 11, wherein: The at least one return spring (16) is designed in such a way that the at least one outlet opening (4) can be closed with a closing force between 10N and 50N.

15. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 11, wherein: The at least one return spring (16) is designed in such a way that the at least one outlet opening (4) can be closed with a closing force between 20N and 40N.

16. The 3D printing device (29) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: At least one sealing membrane (17) is provided, which seals at least one movable part of the at least one valve (5) against the penetration of the water-adhesive mixture (2).

17. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 16, wherein: The sealing film (17) is replaceable.

18. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 16, wherein: The movable component is a valve stem (14).

19. The 3D printing device (29) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The at least one discharge port (4): is formed in the nozzle body (18), and / or It has at least one inclined contact surface (19) for the free end (15) of the valve stem (14) of the at least one valve (5).

20. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 19, wherein: The nozzle body (18) is made of at least one hard metal or ceramic.

21. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 19, wherein: The pressing surface (19) is funnel-shaped.

22. The 3D printing device (29) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The at least one supply channel (3) has at least one inlet (21) for the water-binder mixture (2).

23. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 22, wherein: The at least one supply channel (3) has at least one outlet (22) located opposite the at least one inlet (21).

24. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 23, wherein: The at least one inlet (21) and / or the at least one outlet (22) has a thread (23) for connecting a fluid line (24).

25. The 3D printing device (29) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The print head (1) has at least one exhaust duct (25), by means of which pressure compensation of at least one movable part of the at least one valve (5) can be produced.

26. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 25, wherein: The movable component is a valve stem (14).

27. The 3D printing device (29) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: At least one control and / or regulating device (26) is provided, by means of which the at least one valve (5) can be controlled, and / or The print head (1) comprises a plurality of discharge openings (4), which are arranged in at least one line (27).

28. The 3D printing device (29) according to claim 27, wherein: The outlet openings (4) are arranged equidistantly on the at least one line (27).

29. The 3D printing device (29) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The 3D printing device (29) has at least one support (38) that can be adjusted in the vertical direction (37) in the use position of the 3D printing device (29), and the at least one layer deposition device (30) and / or the at least one print head (1) are supported on the support so as to be adjustably in the horizontal direction (40, 41).

30. Method for the controlled output of a water-binder mixture (2) comprising water and at least one hydraulic binder by means of at least one 3D printing device (29) according to any one of claims 1 to 29, the method comprising the following method steps: supplying the water-binder mixture (2) to the at least one discharge opening (4) of the at least one print head (1) through the at least one supply channel (3) of the at least one print head (1), and The at least one outlet opening (4) is opened and closed in a controlled manner by means of the at least one valve (5) of the at least one print head (1), and a predetermined dose (49) of a water-binder mixture (2) is thereby discharged through the at least one outlet opening (4).

31. The method according to claim 30, wherein: The supply is carried out at a pressure between 0.1 bar and 2.0 bar.

32. A method for producing a 3D component (42) for the construction industry by means of a 3D printing device (29) according to any one of claims 1 to 29, the method comprising the following method steps: At least one layer (34, 35, 36) of the at least one aggregate (31) in granular form is deposited on a printing platform (32) by means of the at least one layer deposition device (30), and A predetermined amount (49) of a water-binder mixture (2) is delivered by means of the at least one print head (1) onto at least one locally predetermined area (33) of the at least one layer (34, 35, 36) of the at least one aggregate (31).

33. The method of claim 32, wherein: Before depositing a first layer (34) of the at least one aggregate (31) on the printing platform (32), a predetermined dose (49) of the water-binder mixture (2) is delivered onto at least one local predetermined area (33) of the printing platform (32), and / or After depositing the last layer (36) of the at least one aggregate (31), a predetermined dose (49) of the water-binder mixture (2) is delivered on at least one locally predetermined area (33) of the last layer (36) of the at least one aggregate (31).

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