A high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades, including an air inlet structure and an impeller, wherein the air inlet structure includes a conical cylinder, a cylinder 1, a cylinder 2 and an arc cylinder connected in sequence, and the impeller includes a front disk, blades, a fixed lining plate, a rear disk and a shaft disk, wherein the front disk is arranged at the inlet of the impeller, one side of the blade is connected to the front disk, and the other side of the blade is provided with a connecting hole 1, and the connecting hole 1 is provided in multiple rows, and the blade is provided with a connecting hole 2, and one side of the outlet of the blade is connected with a short blade by bolts, one side of the fixed lining plate is connected to the rear disk, and the other side of the fixed lining plate is provided with a reaming hole matched with the connecting hole 1, and the rear disk is provided with a connecting groove matched with the blade. The present invention can adjust the blade width and outlet diameter of the impeller at the same time, and can also adjust one of them, that is, it will not reduce the operating efficiency of the fan, and can also achieve the adjustment of a certain parameter of flow or pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of centrifugal fans, and in particular to a high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades. Background Art

[0002] The impeller in the centrifugal fan is in a spiral housing. The impeller is installed on the shaft. The rotation of the motor drives the shaft and the impeller to rotate. The fluid enters from the fan inlet, passes through the impeller flow channel, and the impeller rotates to do work on the gas. The gas is discharged from the fan outlet and transported to a distant place. When the gas in the impeller is discharged, a negative pressure is formed, and the gas at the impeller inlet is sucked into the impeller, so that the gas is continuously sucked in and discharged. The fan works in the system, and the actual system resistance is inevitably different from the theoretical resistance. Therefore, in actual operation, the working point of the fan needs to be adjusted to adapt to the resistance requirements of the system. Common fan adjustment methods are guide adjustment and variable frequency speed regulation.

[0003] The guide adjustment mainly relies on the guide installed at the fan inlet to change the direction of the airflow entering the fan impeller, thereby changing the working characteristics of the fan and achieving the purpose of adjusting the air volume. When the guide is adjusted, the opening of the guide is different, and the performance curve of the fan changes accordingly, but this adjustment method has two disadvantages: First, when the guide opening is reduced, the fan efficiency decreases accordingly; second, when the guide is adjusted to less than 50% opening, the fan performance curve becomes steeper and steeper, and the stability of the fan operation decreases accordingly, which is prone to adverse effects such as fan vibration and airflow agitation.

[0004] Variable frequency speed regulation is achieved by adjusting the fan speed to change the air volume and air pressure at the same time. The main advantage of this regulation method is that the system has a higher efficiency when operating under some conditions lower than the design conditions. However, there are also several disadvantages that need to be weighed when using variable frequency speed regulation: First, variable frequency speed regulation requires the purchase of other control equipment such as variable frequency motors, variable frequency control cabinets or hydraulic couplers, which increases the overall cost and the probability of failure; second, variable frequency speed regulation is only applicable when the system demand conditions are lower than the design conditions. Frequency conversion itself cannot improve the efficiency of the fan. On the contrary, the efficiency of the whole machine is reduced because of the application of equipment such as variable frequency control cabinets and hydraulic couplers; third, during frequency speed regulation, the air volume and air pressure change with the speed, and the wind pressure changes in a large trend, while the air volume changes relatively small, resulting in uneven performance regulation; in addition, the use of equipment such as variable frequency control cabinets and hydraulic couplers will inevitably reduce the efficiency of the whole machine; fourth, once the fan resonates with the foundation or system equipment during the variable frequency speed regulation process, it will have an adverse effect on the safe operation of the entire system.

[0005] When the fan design parameters do not deviate much from the actual system operating conditions, and one of the flow or pressure parameters meets the requirements, and only the other parameter needs to be adjusted, that is, the pressure parameter meets the design requirements, but the fan flow does not meet the requirements, or the flow parameter meets the design requirements, but the fan pressure does not meet the requirements, the above two adjustment methods cannot meet the use requirements well. Usually, the system resistance needs to be adjusted in a way such as adjusting the equipment layout, adjusting the valve for throttling, etc., or using the frequency converter and guide together for adjustment, which will cause the centrifugal fan to deviate from the high-efficiency zone, reduce efficiency, deviate from the system operating conditions, and other adverse effects.

[0006] However, when the fan design parameters are lower than the parameters actually required by the system, the above two adjustment methods cannot be used. The only option is to replace the impeller, main shaft, and air inlet at the same time, or even the entire machine and its motor, inverter, or hydraulic coupling and other equipment to meet the actual needs of the system. The cost of the transformation is high and the construction period is long. What is more serious is the resulting reduction in system production, and even the inability of the entire equipment to operate normally. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides a high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades.

[0008] The present invention provides a high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades comprises an air inlet structure and an impeller, the air inlet structure comprises a conical cylinder, a cylinder 1, a cylinder 2 and an arcuate cylinder, the conical cylinder is connected to the cylinder 1, the cylinder 1 is connected to the cylinder 2 by bolts, the cylinder 2 is connected to the arcuate cylinder, the impeller comprises a front disk, blades, a fixed lining plate, a rear disk and a shaft disk, the front disk is arranged at the impeller inlet, one side of the blade is fixedly connected to the front disk, the other side of the blade is provided with a connecting hole 1, the connecting hole 1 is arranged in multiple rows along the length direction of the blade, the outlet side of the blade is provided with a connecting hole 2, the outlet side of the blade is connected with a short blade by bolts, one side of the fixed lining plate is connected to the rear disk, the other side of the fixed lining plate is provided with a hinged hole matching the connecting hole 1, the rear disk is provided with a connecting groove matching the blade, and the shaft disk is connected to the rear disk.

[0010] By adopting the above technical scheme, the blade width and outlet diameter of the impeller can be adjusted at the same time, so that the performance of the fan can be adjusted in two directions, high and low, avoiding the need to modify or replace the fan and supporting equipment due to insufficient performance, or greatly increasing the fan selection margin to avoid insufficient performance. The cost waste caused by adjusting one of the blade width and outlet diameter of the fan impeller will not reduce the operating efficiency of the fan, and the adjustment of one parameter can be achieved.

[0011] Preferably, the shape of the front disc at the impeller inlet is arc-shaped, and the shape of the front disc in the outlet section is linear. The blade is a single-plate and backward structure.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, it can play a role in smooth transition and guiding of the air flow.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, in the case where the fan design flow parameters meet the design requirements but the ventilation fan pressure does not meet the requirements, the additional short blades at the blade outlet can be replaced to increase or decrease the outlet diameter of the blade, thereby changing the fan pressure.

[0014] Preferably, the shape of the short blade is set as a "pin" shape structure, including a middle plate and two side plates. The two side plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of one end of the middle plate. The side plates are fixedly connected to the middle plate, and connection holes three corresponding to the connection holes two are arranged on the two side plates. During normal use, the connection holes two are closed with rivets. When additional short blades are required in actual use conditions, the rivets are removed, and the short blades and the blades are connected by bolts passing through the connection holes two and connection holes three, so as to play a role in changing the outlet diameter of the impeller blades, and further change the performance of the fan and increase the air pressure.

[0015] Preferably, long oblong holes are arranged on the cylinder one or the cylinder two.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the arc-shaped cylinder can be adjusted along the axial direction, so as to realize the axial adjustability of the air inlet structure.

[0017] Preferably, the gap at the connection between the blade and the rear disc is less than 0.5 mm.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, after the blade passes through the connection groove reserved on the rear disc, it extends out of the rear disc surface by a certain height, so as to play the role of a reverse blade, which can reduce the axial thrust during operation by half, reduce the axial load of the bearing, and improve the bearing life.

[0019] Preferably, the shaft disc is connected with a main shaft, the shaft disc and the main shaft are in clearance fit, and the shaft disc is fixed on the main shaft by a round nut and a stop washer.

[0020] Preferably, the shape of the fixed lining plate is L-shaped and is respectively arranged on both sides of the blade. The rear disc is a disc-shaped steel plate.

[0021] Preferably, the conical cylinder is welded to the cylinder one, the cylinder two is welded to the arc-shaped cylinder, one side of the fixed lining plate is welded to the rear disc, and the shaft disc is riveted to the rear disc.

[0022] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention designs an axially adjustable air inlet structure and blades with adjustable width and length, so that the flow rate and pressure parameters can be increased or decreased while ensuring the high operating efficiency of the fan. It can also adjust one parameter of the flow rate and pressure while keeping the other parameter unchanged. At the same time, the blades are also used as counter blades, which reduces the axial force, reduces the bearing load, and increases the service life of the bearing.

[0024] 2. The setting of the long flat hole in the present invention enables the arc-shaped cylinder to be adjusted along the axial direction, thereby realizing the axial adjustability of the air inlet structural position. The axially adjustable structure of the air inlet can cooperate with the impeller when the fan is adjusted in performance, ensuring that the gap between the impeller and the air inlet always meets the design requirements, and can greatly reduce the adjustment workload during the installation of the fan equipment. It is only necessary to adjust the position of the arc-shaped cylinder by adjusting the bolts. The structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and the practicality is good.

[0025] 3. The present invention can adjust the width of the blades and change the flow area of ​​the impeller flow channel through the coordinated arrangement of multiple rows of connecting holes on the blades, the hinged holes on the fixed lining plate and the connecting grooves on the rear disk, thereby changing the performance of the fan and increasing the air volume; after the blades pass through the connecting grooves reserved in the rear disk, they extend out of the rear disk surface to a certain height, thereby playing the role of anti-blades, balancing the axial force and increasing the bearing life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades in a ventilator according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the connection between the middle cylinder 1 and the cylinder 2;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the connection between the fixed liner and the blade;

[0030] Figure 5 is a side view schematic diagram of the impeller structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of the connection between the short blade and the blade.

[0032] Among them, 1. Conical cylinder; 2. First cylinder; 3. Second cylinder; 4. Arc cylinder; 5. Front disc; 6. Blade; 7. Fixed lining plate; 8. Rear disc; 9. Shaft disc; 10. First connection hole; 11. Second connection hole; 12. Precision reamed hole; 13. Short blade; 14. Middle plate; 15. Side plate; 16. Third connection hole; 17. Long oblong hole; 18. Main shaft. Detailed implementation mode

[0033] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] An embodiment of the present invention discloses an efficient impeller structure with adjustable blades.

[0035] Refer to Figure 1 , including an air inlet structure and an impeller. The air inlet structure includes a conical cylinder 1, a first cylinder 2, a second cylinder 3, and an arc cylinder 4. The conical cylinder 1 is welded to the first cylinder 2. The first cylinder 2 is connected to the second cylinder 3 by bolts. The second cylinder 3 is welded to the arc cylinder 4. The shaft disc 9 is connected to a main shaft 18. The shaft disc 9 and the main shaft 18 are in clearance fit. The shaft disc 9 is fixed on the main shaft 18 by a round nut and a lock washer.

[0036] Refer to Figure 2 , a long oblong hole 17 is provided on the first cylinder 2 or the second cylinder 3.

[0037] Refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the impeller includes a front disc 5, blades 6, a fixed lining plate 7, a rear disc 8, and a shaft disc 9. The front disc 5 is arranged at the impeller inlet. The shape of the front disc 5 at the impeller inlet is arc-shaped, and the shape of the front disc 5 at the outlet section is linear. One side of the blade 6 is fixedly connected to the front disc 5. The other side of the blade 6 is provided with a first connection hole 10. The first connection hole 10 is arranged in multiple columns along the length direction of the blade 6. A second connection hole 11 is provided on the outlet side of the blade 6. The blade 6 is a single plate and backward structure. A short blade 13 is connected to the outlet side of the blade 6 by bolts. The shape of the fixed lining plate 7 is L-shaped and is respectively arranged on both sides of the blade 6. The rear disc 8 is a disc-shaped steel plate. One side of the fixed lining plate 7 is welded to the rear disc 8. A precision reamed hole 12 matching the first connection hole 10 is provided on the other side of the fixed lining plate 7. A connection groove matching the blade 6 is opened on the rear disc 8. The shaft disc 9 is riveted to the rear disc 8. The gap at the connection between the blade 6 and the rear disc 8 is less than 0.5 mm.

[0038] Refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the shape of the short blade 13 is set as a "pin" shape structure, including a middle plate 14 and two side plates 15. Connection holes 16 corresponding to the second connection holes 11 are provided on the two side plates 15.

[0039] Working principle: The air inlet is designed as an axially adjustable structure, which can be adjusted according to the changes of the impeller. Specifically, the air inlet structure includes a conical cylinder 1, a cylinder 1 2, a cylinder 2 3 and an arc cylinder 4. The conical cylinder 1 is used to guide the airflow from the pipeline into the fan. The cylinder 1 2 is welded to the conical cylinder 1, and the cylinder 2 2 is welded to the arc cylinder 4. The cylinder 1 2 and the cylinder 2 3 are connected by bolts. The cylinder 2 3 is provided with a long flat hole 17, which allows the arc cylinder 4 to be adjusted along the axis. It can cooperate with the impeller when the fan is adjusting its performance, ensuring that the gap between the impeller and the air inlet always meets the design requirements; it can also greatly reduce the adjustment workload during the installation of the fan equipment. In the past, in order to ensure the gap requirements during installation, it was necessary to adjust the casing or even the rotor shaft system axially, but the structure of the present invention only needs to adjust the position of the arc cylinder 4 by adjusting the bolts.

[0040] The impeller includes a front disc 5, blades 6, a fixed lining plate 7, a rear disc 8 and a shaft disc 9. The front disc 5 is arc-shaped at the impeller inlet and straight at the outlet section, and its function is to provide a smooth transition and guide function for the airflow. The blade 6 is a single plate, backward structure, and the inlet side is welded to the front disc 5, and the other side is provided with a connecting hole 10 for connecting with the fixed lining plate 7. The connecting holes 10 are arranged in three rows along the length direction of the blade 6, and each row corresponds to the reaming hole 12 set on the fixed lining plate 7. The fixed lining plate 7 is L-shaped and arranged on both sides of the blade 6, one side is welded to the rear disc 8, and the other side is provided with a reaming hole 12 adapted to the connecting hole 10 on the blade 6. The blade 6 is connected to the fixed lining plate 7 through the connecting hole 10 and the reaming hole 12, and the blade 6 performs work on the airflow by rotating along the axis. The impeller is adjusted by the connection hole 10 on the blade 6 and the hinged hole 12 of the fixed lining plate 7. When the fixed lining plate 7 is fixed to the first row of connection holes 10 (close to the front plate 5), the width of the blade 6 is the smallest, and when it is fixed to the third row of bolt holes (close to the rear plate 8), the width of the blade 6 is the largest, thereby achieving adjustable width of the blade 6, which can change the flow area of ​​the impeller flow channel, thereby changing the performance of the fan and increasing the air volume. The rear plate 8 is a disc-shaped steel plate, on which a connection groove is provided according to the size and layout of the blade 6. The blade 6 can pass through the rear plate 8. At the same time, after being connected through the connection groove, the gap between the blade 6 and the rear plate 8 is 0.4mm. After the blade 6 passes through the connection groove reserved in the rear plate 8, it extends out of the surface of the rear plate 8 to a certain height, thereby playing the role of the counter blade 6. When the fixed liner 7 is fixed to the first row of connecting holes 10 (close to the front disk 5), the width of the blade 6 is the smallest, and the height extending out of the rear disk 8 surface is larger; when it is fixed to the third row of bolt holes (close to the rear disk 8), the width of the blade 6 is the largest, and the height extending out of the rear disk 8 surface is smaller. The extended blade 6 can balance the axial force and improve the bearing life.

[0041] On the outlet side of the blade 6, a second connecting hole 11 is provided. During normal use, the second connecting hole 11 is sealed with a rivet. When additional short blades 13 are required under actual operating conditions, the rivet can be removed for connection with the short blades 13. The short blades 13 are arranged in a "pin" shape structure, including a middle plate 14 and two side plates 15. The two side plates 15 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of one end of the middle plate 14. On the two side plates 15, third connecting holes 16 corresponding to the second connecting hole 11 are provided. Bolts sequentially pass through the third connecting holes 16, the second connecting hole 11, and the third connecting holes 16 to connect the blade 6 and the short blades 13, thereby playing a role in changing the outlet diameter of the impeller blades, further changing the performance of the fan, and increasing the air pressure. The shaft disc 9 is riveted to the rear disc 8 and has a clearance fit with the main shaft 18, and is fixed on the shaft by a round nut and a lock washer.

[0042] By simultaneously adjusting the width and outlet diameter of the blades 6 of the fan impeller, the performance of the ventilator can be adjusted in both high and low directions, avoiding the need for modification or replacement of the fan and its supporting equipment due to insufficient performance, or the cost waste caused by greatly increasing the fan selection margin to avoid insufficient performance.

[0043] By adjusting either the width or the outlet diameter of the blades 6 of the fan impeller, the operating efficiency of the fan will not be reduced, and the adjustment of a certain parameter of the flow rate or pressure can be achieved. Specifically, when the designed pressure parameter of the fan meets the design requirements but the ventilator flow rate does not meet the requirements, the connection position between the blade 6 and the fixed lining plate 7 can be adjusted to increase or decrease the width of the blade 6, change the width of the impeller flow channel, and thus change the fan flow rate; when the designed flow rate parameter of the fan meets the design requirements but the ventilator pressure does not meet the requirements, the additional short blades 13 at the outlet of the blade 6 can be replaced to increase or decrease the outlet diameter of the blade 6, and thus change the fan pressure.

[0044] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades, characterized in that: It includes an air inlet structure and an impeller. The air inlet structure includes a conical cylinder (1), a first cylindrical cylinder (2), a second cylindrical cylinder (3) and an arc-shaped cylinder (4). The conical cylinder (1) is connected to the first cylindrical cylinder (2), the first cylindrical cylinder (2) is connected to the second cylindrical cylinder (3) by bolts, and the second cylindrical cylinder (3) is connected to the arc-shaped cylinder (4). A long and narrow hole (17) is provided on the first cylindrical cylinder (2) or the second cylindrical cylinder (3), which enables the arc-shaped cylinder (4) to be adjusted along the axial direction. The impeller includes a front disc (5), blades (6), a fixed lining plate (7), a rear disc (8) and a shaft disc (9). The front disc (5) is arranged at the impeller inlet. One side of the blade (6) is fixedly connected to the front disc (5). On the other side of the blade (6), there are a plurality of rows of connection holes one (10) arranged along the length direction of the blade (6). On the outlet side of the blade (6), there is a connection hole two (11). A short blade (13) is connected to the outlet side of the blade (6) by bolts. During normal use, the connection hole two (11) is closed with rivets. When additional short blades (13) are required in actual use conditions, the rivets can be removed to connect with the short blades (13). The fixed lining plate (7) is in an L shape and is respectively arranged on both sides of the blade (6). The rear disc (8) is a disc-shaped steel plate. One side of the fixed lining plate (7) is connected to the rear disc (8). On the other side of the fixed lining plate (7), there are reamed holes (12) that cooperate with the connection holes one (10). By adjusting the connection holes one (10) on the blade (6) and the reamed holes (12) of the fixed lining plate (7), the width of the blade (6) can be adjusted. A connection groove adapted to the blade (6) is provided on the rear disc (8). After passing through the connection groove on the rear disc (8), the blade (6) extends a certain height above the surface of the rear disc (8). The shaft disc (9) is connected to the rear disc (8). The short blade (13) is arranged in a "pin" - shaped structure, including a middle plate (14) and two side plates (15). The two side plates (15) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of one end of the middle plate (14). The side plates (15) are fixedly connected to the middle plate (14). On the two side plates (15), there are connection holes three (16) corresponding to the connection holes two (11).

2. The high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the front disc (5) at the impeller inlet is arc-shaped, and the shape of the front disc (5) in the impeller outlet section is linear. The blade (6) is a single - plate and backward - facing structure.

3. The high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gap at the connection between the blade (6) and the rear disc (8) is less than 0.5 mm.

4. The high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft disc (9) is connected to a main shaft (18). The shaft disc (9) has a clearance fit with the main shaft (18). The shaft disc (9) is fixed on the main shaft (18) by a round nut and a lock washer.

5. The high-efficiency impeller structure with adjustable blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conical cylinder (1) is welded to the first cylindrical cylinder (2), the second cylindrical cylinder (3) is welded to the arc-shaped cylinder (4), one side of the fixed lining plate (7) is welded to the rear disc (8), and the shaft disc (9) is riveted to the rear disc (8).

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