Hydraulic Shovel Bucket Wear Deterioration Assessment Method Based on Complex Geological Conditions

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for evaluating the wear degradation of the bucket of a hydraulic shovel based on complex geological working conditions, including: S1, classifying the excavated materials under complex geological working conditions; S2, analyzing the contact slip parameters at key local positions of the bucket; S3, testing the wear degradation of key component specimens of the bucket; S4, quantitatively characterizing the wear degradation at key local positions of the bucket. The present invention establishes a wear degradation model for the materials of key components of the bucket, realizes the quantitative characterization of the wear degradation at key local positions of the bucket, obtains a method for evaluating the wear degradation of the bucket of a hydraulic shovel based on complex geological working conditions, and provides an important basic theory for revealing the wear degradation law of the bucket of a hydraulic shovel under different complex geological working conditions, realizing the optimized design of the bucket of a hydraulic shovel under complex geological working conditions, and improving the wear resistance, safety and reliability of the bucket of a hydraulic shovel under complex geological working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the wear degradation of a hydraulic shovel bucket based on complex geological conditions, belonging to the technical field of hydraulic shovels. Background Technique

[0002] China is rich in open-pit mineral resources. Hydraulic shovels (large hydraulic excavators) are widely used in large open-pit mining areas for mining and stripping operations due to their large bucket capacity, high production efficiency, and stable working performance. However, the geological conditions vary greatly in different geographical locations in China, presenting different types of rock and soil lithologies (such as coal, metal ores, sandstones, clay rocks, soils, etc.) and geotechnical engineering mechanical properties (strength, viscosity, corrosivity, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, water content, etc.), thus resulting in different types of geological conditions (such as sandy soil mixed type, cobblestone type, summer mud and winter frozen soil type, white sand type, red mud type, etc.). During the excavation operation of the hydraulic shovel, frictional wear occurs between the hydraulic shovel bucket and the excavated mineral materials, causing wear degradation at different local positions of the hydraulic shovel bucket (such as dull bucket teeth, thinning of the wall thickness of components and reinforcement plates, cracking and tooth breakage, etc.), leading to a decrease in the operation efficiency of the hydraulic shovel and a deterioration in the wear resistance and reliability of the bucket. However, different types of geological conditions result in different mechanical parameters of the excavated material heap (composition, particle size and its specific gravity, humidity, acidity and alkalinity, angle of repose, etc.), thus causing different wear degradation laws and evaluation methods for the hydraulic shovel bucket. Therefore, it is crucial to propose a method for evaluating the wear degradation of a hydraulic shovel bucket based on complex geological conditions.

[0003] Currently, Patent No. 202020704298.5 provides a wear-resistant guard plate for the bucket of a large mining excavator, which improves the wear resistance of the bucket by providing the wear-resistant guard plate; Patent No. 202110649343.0 provides a method and device for detecting the relationship between the position of a loader bucket and the angle with the horizontal plane using lidar, which is used to obtain the position of the loader bucket to improve its working efficiency; Patent No. 201780001168.6 provides an adapter for connecting the lip of the bucket and the bucket tooth, which reduces the wear of the adapter by enhancing the connection stability; Patent No. 201711199343.5 provides a new type of wear-resistant bucket, which enhances the wear resistance of the bucket by improving the bucket structure; Patent No. 201910815732.9 provides an excavator bucket and a bucket design method, which are used to improve the bucket design efficiency and enhance the wear resistance of the bucket. However, the existing patents have not provided suitable testing equipment and methods for the wear resistance of the bucket for different complex geological conditions, and at the same time, lack a method for evaluating the wear degradation of the hydraulic shovel bucket based on complex geological conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the wear and deterioration of a hydraulic shovel bucket based on complex geological conditions, restoring the material environment under different complex geological conditions, accurately exploring the wear conditions of multiple easily worn bucket components under different contact loads, contact slips, excavation speeds, etc. during actual excavation, and providing a correlation model for the wear and deterioration of the bucket under complex geological conditions through coupling a wear detection system and tribology theory, and quantitatively evaluating its wear and deterioration degree.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the method for evaluating the wear and deterioration of a hydraulic shovel bucket based on complex geological conditions adopted by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Classification of excavation materials under complex geological conditions: Classify the hydraulic shovel excavation material samples into massive hard materials and fine-grained loose materials according to the material size and material hardness.

[0007] S2. Analysis of contact slip parameters at key local positions of the bucket: Measure the contact force and tangential force at the easily worn positions of the bucket, and combine with the excavation speed of the bucket during the excavation process to determine the contact slip parameters at the key local positions of the bucket.

[0008] S3. Wear and deterioration test of key component specimens of the bucket: Install massive hard materials and fine-grained loose materials in the friction and wear test module, apply a contact load between the friction pairs according to the contact slip parameters at the key local positions of the bucket, set the slip distance and slip frequency between the friction pairs, and then conduct friction and wear experiments between the steel specimens and different types of excavation materials.

[0009] S4. Quantitative characterization of wear and deterioration at key local positions of the bucket:

[0010] S41. Quantitative detection of steel specimen wear: Obtain the three-dimensional wear morphology and wear volume of the steel specimen, and obtain the evolution law of the acoustic emission signal waveform at different damage degrees of the steel specimen.

[0011] S42. Quantitative evaluation of the wear amount of the steel specimen: Based on the measured wear volume and wear mass of the steel specimen, combine with tribology theory to obtain the wear rate and wear degree of the steel specimen, and couple the evolution law of the acoustic emission signal waveform of the steel specimen under different damage degrees to obtain the wear and deterioration evolution model of the steel specimen.

[0012] S43. Quantitative characterization model of wear and deterioration: Change the working condition parameters, the steel material of the key components of the bucket, and the material types, conduct friction and wear tests, establish a correlation model between the wear and deterioration of the steel specimens of the key components of the bucket and the working condition parameters, and then obtain a quantitative characterization model of the wear and deterioration at the key local positions of the bucket under complex geological conditions.

[0013] As an improvement, in the step S1, the massive hard materials refer to hard ore materials with the maximum outer diameter of the material block ≥ 5 cm, and the fine-grained loose materials refer to geotechnical materials and hard ore materials with the maximum outer diameter of the particles < 5 cm.

[0014] As an improvement, the hard ore materials include cobblestones, metal ores, conglomerates, and sandstones, and the geotechnical materials include mudstones, clays, loesses, and sediment.

[0015] As an improvement, in the step S2, the contact force and tangential force at the easily worn positions of the bucket are measured by installing wireless transmission type small two-dimensional force sensors at the easily worn positions of the bucket;

[0016] The easily worn positions of the bucket include the support plate, bottom plate, side plate, bucket teeth, and lip of the bucket.

[0017] As an improvement, the fine-grained loose materials in the step S3 are obtained through the following steps: preparing relevant solutions according to the water content and pH value of the materials measured at the excavation site, adding the prepared solutions into the granular material container, and simulating the wet fine-grained loose materials under actual working conditions.

[0018] As an improvement, in the step S3, a friction and wear test module for massive hard materials is used to conduct friction and wear tests on the massive hard materials. The friction and wear test module for massive hard materials includes a driving device, a massive specimen loading device, an acoustic emission detection device, and a three-dimensional laser scanning detection system.

[0019] As an improvement, in the step S3, a friction and wear test module for granular materials is used to conduct friction and wear tests on the fine-grained loose materials. The friction and wear test module for granular materials includes a driving device, a granular specimen loading device, an acoustic emission detection device, and a three-dimensional laser scanning detection system.

[0020] As an improvement, in the step S41, an acoustic emission detection device is used to dynamically detect the acoustic emission signals of the steel specimen during the friction and wear process, and the acoustic emission signal waveforms of the steel specimens with different damage degrees are reconstructed through signal amplification, signal acquisition, signal wavelet packet decomposition, and feature vector extraction.

[0021] As an improvement, the damage degrees of the steel specimens are divided into mild wear, moderate wear, severe wear, and crack appearance.

[0022] As an improvement, in the step S41, the three-dimensional laser scanning detection system first cleans and air-dries the steel specimen, then scans the surface of the steel specimen, and transmits the scanning information to the PC terminal, so as to obtain the three-dimensional wear morphology and wear volume of the steel specimen.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, by classifying the excavated materials under complex geological conditions and conducting material wear degradation tests on the key components of the hydraulic shovel bucket for different types of materials (blocky hard materials and fine-grained loose materials), the present invention can simulate the actual complex geological conditions and the load and slip characteristics of the key local positions of the bucket when excavating different materials, establish a material wear degradation model for the key components of the bucket, achieve a quantitative characterization of the wear degradation of the key local positions of the bucket, obtain a method for evaluating the wear degradation of the hydraulic shovel bucket based on complex geological conditions, and provide an important basic theory for revealing the wear degradation law of the hydraulic shovel bucket under different complex geological conditions, realizing the optimal design of the hydraulic shovel bucket under complex geological conditions, and improving the wear resistance, safety and reliability of the hydraulic shovel bucket under complex geological conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a flowchart for evaluating the wear degradation of the bucket based on complex geological conditions of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a layout diagram of the sensing devices in the bucket of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the friction and wear test module for blocky hard materials;

[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the friction and wear test module for granular materials;

[0028] In the figure: 1, frame; 2, electric cylinder; 3, two-dimensional force sensor; 4, acoustic emission sensor; 5, steel specimen; 6, vertical slide rail; 7, fixed slider; 8, upper specimen of blocky material; 9, lower specimen of blocky material; 10, support seat; 11, horizontal slide rail; 12, stepping motor; 13, cleaning device; 14, air drying device; 15, three-dimensional laser scanner; 16, signal amplification and conditioning device; 17, signal acquisition device; 18, PC terminal; 19, granular material; 20, material container; 21, small two-dimensional force sensing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below. However, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] In combination withFigure 1 As shown in the figure, a method for evaluating the wear and deterioration of a hydraulic shovel bucket based on complex geological conditions includes:

[0032] S1. Classification of excavated materials under complex geological conditions;

[0033] S2. Analysis of contact and slip parameters at key local positions of the bucket;

[0034] S3. Wear and deterioration test of key component specimens of the bucket;

[0035] S4. Quantitative characterization of wear and deterioration at key local positions of the bucket.

[0036] Specifically, in the method for classifying excavated materials under complex geological conditions, geological sampling of the excavated materials at the on-site hydraulic shovels in open-pit mines at different geographical locations in China is carried out. According to the material size and hardness, the excavated materials are divided into massive hard materials and fine-grained loose materials. The massive hard materials refer to hard ore rock materials with the maximum outer diameter of the material block ≥ 5 cm, and the fine-grained loose materials refer to fragile rock and soil materials and hard ore rock materials with the maximum outer diameter of the particles < 5 cm. Among them, the hard ore rock materials include pebbles, metal ores, conglomerates, sandstones, etc., and the rock and soil materials include mudstone, clay, loess, sediment, etc.

[0037] Before the experiment, the massive hard materials and fine-grained loose materials are processed: the massive hard materials are cut into 10×10×10 cm specimens by a cutting machine, and the obvious characteristic surface is selected as the friction and wear surface, and the fixed surface of the sandstone specimen is cut flat; the fine-grained loose materials are piled up in a 15×15×15 cm material container, and the top of the material pile is ensured to be flat so as to apply the test load.

[0038] The geological conditions during the actual excavation of the bucket are complex, and there are differences in the water content and pH value of the materials in different mining areas, which affect the results of the friction and wear experiment. Therefore, it is necessary to explore and determine the water content and pH value of the materials under the actual working conditions. After weighing the collected materials, they are baked in a blast drying oven for a certain time and then moved to room temperature for cooling. After cooling, they are immediately weighed, and the actual water content of the materials is calculated through the water content formula. After air-drying and screening the materials, they are mixed in deionized water. Potassium hydrogen phthalate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and sodium tetraborate are selected to prepare a standard buffer solution to calibrate the pH meter, and the calibrated pH meter is used to measure the pH value of the materials. According to the water content and pH value of the materials measured at the excavation site, the relevant solutions are prepared and added to the granular material container to simulate the wet fine-grained loose materials under the actual working conditions.

[0039] Grooves are opened at the easily worn positions of the hydraulic shovel bucket, and several wireless transmission type small two-dimensional force sensors 21 are installed (such as Figure 2, the model can be BSY-3F). The two-dimensional force sensors 21 are respectively installed on the support plate of the bucket, the bottom plate of the bucket, the side plate of the bucket, the bucket teeth of the bucket, and the lip of the bucket. According to the contact force and tangential force at the easily worn positions of the bucket measured by the small two-dimensional force sensors 21, combined with the bucket excavation speed during the hydraulic shovel excavation process, the contact slip parameters at the key local positions of the bucket are determined.

[0040] Such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, a block hard material friction and wear test module is used to conduct friction and wear tests on block hard materials, and a granular material friction and wear test module is used to conduct friction and wear tests on fine granular loose materials;

[0041] The block hard material friction and wear test module includes a driving device, a block specimen loading device, an acoustic emission detection device, and a three-dimensional laser scanning detection system; the granular material friction and wear test module includes a driving device, a granular specimen loading device, an acoustic emission detection device, and a three-dimensional laser scanning detection system.

[0042] Among them, the driving device includes a frame 1, an electric cylinder 2 fixed on the frame 1, a two-dimensional force sensor 3 connected to the electric cylinder 2, and a steel specimen 5 of the bucket different position components material connected to the two-dimensional force sensor 3.

[0043] The block specimen loading device includes a horizontal slide rail 11 connected to the frame 1, a support seat 10 connected to the horizontal slide rail 11, a block material lower specimen 9 fixed on the support seat 10, a vertical slide rail 6, a fixed slider 7 connected to the vertical slide rail 6, a block material upper specimen 8 installed on the fixed slider 7, a stepping motor 12 fixed on the frame 1, and a support seat 10 connected to the stepping motor 12; the steel specimen 5 is placed between the block material lower specimen 9 and the block material upper specimen 8, and the block material upper specimen 8 applies a contact load to the middle steel specimen 5 through the fixed slider 7 that can slide on the vertical slide rail 6.

[0044] The granular specimen loading device includes a horizontal slide rail 11 connected to the frame 1, a material container 20 connected to the horizontal slide rail 11, a stepping motor 12 connected to the material container 20, granular materials 19 installed in the material container 20, a loading flat plate and loading weights placed on the top of the granular materials 19; the stepping motor 12 is installed on the frame 1, and the steel specimen 5 is placed in the granular materials 19 of the material container 20.

[0045] The acoustic emission detection device includes an acoustic emission sensor 4, a signal amplification and conditioning device 16, a signal acquisition device 17, and a PC terminal 18, which is used for qualitatively detecting the surface cracks and wear characteristics of the steel specimen; the three-dimensional laser scanning detection system includes a cleaning device 13, a drying device 14, a three-dimensional laser scanner 15, and a PC terminal 18.

[0046] The quantitative characterization of the wear deterioration of the key local positions of the bucket includes the quantitative detection of the wear of the steel specimen and the quantitative evaluation of the wear amount of the steel specimen:

[0047] The quantitative detection of the wear of the steel specimen is to unload the steel specimen 5 through the loading device, and the stepping motor 12 applies a driving force to drive the support seat 10 and the loading device to move along the horizontal slide rail 11 to an appropriate position, so that the steel specimen 5 is separated from the material;

[0048] The three-dimensional laser scanning detection system respectively uses the cleaning device 13 and the air drying device 14 to clean and air dry the steel specimen 5, and scans the surface of the steel specimen 5 through the three-dimensional laser scanner 15 to obtain the three-dimensional wear morphology and wear volume of the steel specimen;

[0049] Then, the stepping motor 12 applies a driving force to drive the support seat 10 and the loading device to move along the horizontal slide rail 11 to the initially set contact position, reload the steel specimen 5 through the loading device, and continue to carry out the friction and wear experiment;

[0050] The acoustic emission detection device dynamically collects the acoustic emission signals of the steel specimen 5 during the friction and wear process in real time through the acoustic emission sensor 4, and after being amplified and conditioned by the signal amplification and conditioning device 16, it is transmitted to the PC terminal 18 through the signal acquisition device 17. At the PC terminal 18, the collected acoustic emission signals are decomposed by wavelet packet, the characteristic vectors are extracted, and compared with the acoustic emission signals of the steel specimens with different wear degrees that have been calibrated, and the waveform evolution law of the acoustic emission signals of the steel specimen with different damage degrees (mild wear, moderate wear, severe wear, and crack appearance, etc.) is reconstructed.

[0051] The quantitative evaluation of the wear amount of the steel specimen is based on the measured wear volume V and wear mass m of the steel specimen, and combines tribology theories (Archard theory, wear degree theory, etc.) to obtain the wear rate R and wear degree D of the steel specimen. Coupling the waveform evolution law of the acoustic emission signals of the steel specimen under different damage degrees, the wear deterioration evolution model of the steel specimen is obtained. By changing the working condition parameters such as contact load, slip amplitude, frequency, etc., as well as the steel material of the key components of the bucket and the type of material, the friction and wear test is carried out, and the correlation model between the wear deterioration of the steel specimen of the key components of the bucket and the working condition parameters under complex geological conditions is constructed, and then the quantitative characterization model of the wear deterioration of the key local positions of the bucket under complex geological conditions is obtained.

[0052] Among them, the calculation formulas involved in the wear deterioration evolution model and the quantitative characterization model of the wear deterioration of the steel specimen are as follows:

[0053]

[0054] In the formula: k cof - Wear coefficient; s x - Total cumulative travel; Fn - Contact load; Δx - Relative slip amplitude; v - Wear volume; N - Number of cycles.

[0055] The formula for calculating the wear volume is as follows:

[0056] v = w / ρ (2);

[0057] Where: w - Wear amount; ρ - Density of steel.

[0058] The formula for calculating the wear degree is as follows:

[0059]

[0060] Where: D - Wear degree; A - Cross-sectional area of the specimen bearing; A' - Cross-sectional area of the specimen bearing.

[0061] The formula for calculating the wear rate is as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Where: F N - Normal load of the specimen; H - Hardness of the rock specimen material.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] A method for evaluating the wear degradation of a hydraulic shovel bucket based on the working conditions of hard ore and rock materials is as follows:

[0066] a) According to the method for classifying excavated materials in complex geological working conditions, determine that the hard ore and rock materials are massive hard materials;

[0067] b) Install a wireless transmission type small two-dimensional force sensing device 21 at the easily worn positions of the hydraulic shovel bucket, measure the contact force and tangential force during the excavation process at the easily worn positions of the bucket, and combine the excavation speed of the bucket during the excavation process to determine the contact slip parameters at the key local positions of the bucket;

[0068] c) Install the processed massive hard material specimen in the fixture of the massive hard material friction and wear test module; install the steel specimen 5 at the key local position of the processed bucket on the driving device of the test module;

[0069] d) According to the contact slip parameters at the key local positions of the bucket obtained in step b), apply a contact load between the friction pairs through the loading device, set the slip distance and slip frequency between the friction pairs through the driving device, and then conduct a friction and wear experiment between the steel specimen 5 and different types of excavated materials;

[0070] e) Dynamically detect the acoustic emission signals of the steel specimen 5 during the friction and wear process through an acoustic emission detection device, and reconstruct the waveform evolution law of the acoustic emission signals of steel specimens with different damage degrees (mild wear, moderate wear, severe wear, and crack appearance, etc.) after signal amplification, signal acquisition, signal wavelet packet decomposition, and feature vector extraction;

[0071] f) After friction and wear experiments with different numbers of cycles, unload the steel specimen 5 through the loading device. The stepping motor 12 applies a driving force to drive the support base 10 and the loading device to move along the horizontal slide rail 11 to an appropriate position, so that the steel specimen 5 is separated from the material specimen. Clean and air-dry the steel specimen through the cleaning device 13 and the air-drying device 14 respectively. Scan the friction surface of the steel specimen with a three-dimensional laser scanner 15, and transmit the scanned information to the PC terminal 18, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional wear morphology and wear volume of the steel specimen; then, the stepping motor 12 applies a driving force to drive the support base 10 and the loading device to move along the horizontal slide rail 11 to the initially set contact position, and reload the steel specimen through the loading device to continue the friction and wear experiment;

[0072] g) When the set number of cycles is reached, stop the friction and wear experiment, and obtain the wear mass of the steel specimen by the weighing method; place the steel specimen on an electronic balance before and after the friction and wear test, and measure the masses of the steel specimen as m_0 and m_1 respectively. The wear mass w = m_0 - m_1. Based on the measured wear volume and wear mass of the steel specimen, combined with tribology theories (Archard theory, wear degree theory, etc.), obtain the wear rate and wear degree of the steel specimen, and couple the waveform evolution law of the acoustic emission signals of the steel specimen 5 under different damage degrees to obtain the wear degradation evolution model of the steel specimen;

[0073] h) Change the working condition parameters such as contact load, slip amplitude, frequency, etc., as well as the steel material of the key components of the bucket and the type of material, and repeat steps a) to g) to establish a correlation model between the wear degradation of the steel specimen of the key components of the bucket and the working condition parameters, and then obtain a quantitative characterization model of the wear degradation of the key local positions of the bucket under the working conditions of hard rock and ore materials.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] A method for evaluating the wear degradation of a hydraulic shovel bucket based on the working conditions of geotechnical materials, the specific steps are as follows:

[0076] a) According to the material classification method for excavating in complex geological working conditions, determine that the geotechnical material is fine-grained loose material;

[0077] b) Install a wireless transmission type small two-dimensional force sensing device 21 at the easily worn positions of the hydraulic shovel bucket, measure the contact force and tangential force during the excavation process at the easily worn positions of the bucket, and combine the excavation speed of the bucket during the excavation process to determine the contact slip parameters at the key local positions of the bucket;

[0078] c) According to the water content and pH value of the excavated materials measured at the excavation site, prepare relevant solutions to make wet and fine granular loose materials simulating the actual working conditions, and stack them in the material container 20 of the granular material friction and wear test module; install the steel specimen 5 at the key local position of the bucket after processing on the driving device of the test module;

[0079] d) According to the contact slip parameters at the key local positions of the bucket obtained in step b), apply a contact load between the friction pairs through the loading device, set the slip distance and slip frequency between the friction pairs through the driving device, and then conduct friction and wear experiments between the steel specimen 5 and different types of excavated materials;

[0080] e) Dynamically detect the acoustic emission signals of the steel specimen 5 during the friction and wear process through the acoustic emission detection device, and reconstruct the acoustic emission signal waveform evolution laws of steel specimens with different damage degrees (mild wear, moderate wear, severe wear, crack appearance, etc.) after signal amplification, signal acquisition, signal wavelet packet decomposition and feature vector extraction;

[0081] f) After the friction and wear experiments with different cycle numbers, unload the steel specimen 5 through the loading device, and the stepping motor 12 applies a driving force to drive the support seat 10 and the loading device to move along the horizontal slide rail 11 to an appropriate position, so that the steel specimen 5 is separated from the material specimen. Clean and air-dry the steel specimen through the cleaning device 13 and the air-drying device 14 respectively, scan the friction surface of the steel specimen with the three-dimensional laser scanner 15, and transmit the scanned information to the PC terminal 18, so as to obtain the three-dimensional wear morphology and wear volume of the steel specimen; then, the stepping motor 12 applies a driving force to drive the support seat 10 and the loading device to move along the horizontal slide rail 11 to the initially set contact position, reload the steel specimen through the loading device, and continue to carry out the friction and wear experiment;

[0082] g) When the set cycle number is reached, stop the friction and wear experiment, and obtain the wear mass of the steel specimen by the weighing method; place the steel specimen on the electronic balance before and after the friction and wear test, and measure the masses of the steel specimen as m_0 and m_1 respectively. The wear mass w = m_0 - m_1. According to the measured wear volume and wear mass of the steel specimen, combined with tribology theories (Archard theory, wear degree theory, etc.), obtain the wear rate and wear degree of the steel specimen, couple the acoustic emission signal waveform evolution laws of the steel specimen 5 under different damage degrees, and obtain the wear degradation evolution model of the steel specimen;

[0083] h) Change the working condition parameters such as contact load, slip amplitude, frequency, etc., as well as the steel material of the key components of the bucket and the types of materials, and repeat steps a) to g) to establish a correlation model between the wear degradation of the steel specimens of the key components of the bucket and the working condition parameters, and then obtain a quantitative characterization model of the wear degradation of the key local positions of the bucket under the working conditions of geotechnical materials.

[0084] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Hydraulic shovel bucket wear deterioration assessment method based on complex geological conditions, characterized in that, it includes the following steps: S1. Classification of excavated materials under complex geological conditions: Classify the excavated material samples of the hydraulic shovel into massive hard materials and fine-grained loose materials according to the material size and hardness. S2. Analysis of contact slip parameters at key local positions of the bucket: Measure the contact force and tangential force at the easily worn positions of the bucket, and combine with the bucket excavation speed during the excavation process to determine the contact slip parameters at the key local positions of the bucket. S3. Wear deterioration test of key components specimens of the bucket: Install massive hard materials and fine-grained loose materials in the friction and wear test module, apply a contact load between the friction pairs according to the contact slip parameters at the key local positions of the bucket, set the slip distance and slip frequency between the friction pairs, and then conduct friction and wear experiments between the steel specimens and different types of excavated materials. S4. Quantitative characterization of wear deterioration at key local positions of the bucket S41. Quantitative detection of steel specimen wear: Obtain the three-dimensional wear morphology and wear volume of the steel specimen, and obtain the evolution law of the acoustic emission signal waveform at different damage degrees of the steel specimen. S42. Quantitative evaluation of steel specimen wear amount: Based on the measured wear volume and wear mass of the steel specimen, combine with tribology theory to obtain the wear rate and wear degree of the steel specimen, couple the evolution law of the acoustic emission signal waveform of the steel specimen under different damage degrees, and obtain the wear deterioration evolution model of the steel specimen. S43. Wear deterioration quantitative characterization model: Change the working condition parameters, the steel material of the key components of the bucket, and the material types, conduct friction and wear tests, establish the correlation model between the wear deterioration of the steel specimens of the key components of the bucket and the working condition parameters, and then obtain the wear deterioration quantitative characterization model at the key local positions of the bucket under complex geological conditions.

2. The hydraulic shovel bucket wear deterioration assessment method based on complex geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S1, the massive hard materials refer to hard ore rock materials with a maximum outer diameter of the material block ≥ 5 cm, and the fine-grained loose materials refer to geotechnical materials and hard ore rock materials with a maximum outer diameter of the particles < 5 cm.

3. The hydraulic shovel bucket wear deterioration assessment method based on complex geological conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that, the hard ore rock materials include cobblestones, metal ores, conglomerates, sandstones, and the geotechnical materials include mudstones, clays, loesses, and sediment.

4. The hydraulic shovel bucket wear deterioration assessment method based on complex geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S2, the contact force and tangential force at the easily worn positions of the bucket are measured by installing a wireless transmission type small two-dimensional force sensor at the easily worn positions of the bucket; the easily worn positions of the bucket include the support plate, bottom plate, side plate, bucket teeth and lip of the bucket.

5. The hydraulic shovel bucket wear deterioration assessment method based on complex geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, the fine-grained loose materials in step S3 are prepared through the following steps: Configure relevant solutions according to the water content and pH value of the materials measured at the excavation site, and add the configured solutions into the granular material container to simulate the wet, fine and loose granular materials under actual working conditions.

6. The hydraulic shovel bucket wear degradation evaluation method based on complex geological working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S3, a block hard material friction and wear test module is used to conduct friction and wear tests on block hard materials. The block hard material friction and wear test module includes a driving device, a block specimen loading device, an acoustic emission detection device, and a three-dimensional laser scanning detection system.

7. The hydraulic shovel bucket wear degradation evaluation method based on complex geological working conditions according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, in step S3, a granular material friction and wear test module is used to conduct friction and wear tests on fine and loose granular materials. The granular material friction and wear test module includes a driving device, a granular specimen loading device, an acoustic emission detection device, and a three-dimensional laser scanning detection system.

8. The hydraulic shovel bucket wear degradation evaluation method based on complex geological working conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that, in step S41, an acoustic emission detection device is used to dynamically detect the acoustic emission signals of the steel specimen during the friction and wear process, and the acoustic emission signal waveforms of the steel specimens with different damage degrees are reconstructed through signal amplification, signal acquisition, signal wavelet packet decomposition, and feature vector extraction.

9. The hydraulic shovel bucket wear degradation evaluation method based on complex geological working conditions according to claim 8, characterized in that, the damage degrees of the steel specimens are divided into mild wear, moderate wear, severe wear, and crack appearance.

10. The hydraulic shovel bucket wear degradation evaluation method based on complex geological working conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that, in step S41, the three-dimensional laser scanning detection system first cleans and air-dries the steel specimen, then scans the surface of the steel specimen, and transmits the scanning information to the PC terminal, so as to obtain the three-dimensional wear morphology and wear volume of the steel specimen.

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