A compressive film electrode, a preparation method thereof, and an electrochemical hydrogen pump containing the same

Abstract

The present invention discloses a compression-resistant membrane electrode, a preparation method thereof, and an electrochemical hydrogen pump containing the same. The compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes a first support layer, a membrane electrode A, and a second support layer. The membrane electrode A sequentially includes a first gas diffusion layer, a first catalyst layer, an ion exchange membrane layer, a second catalyst layer, and a second gas diffusion layer. The first support layer and the second support layer have a microporous structure. The mesh number of the microporous structure in the first support layer is ≥ 20 mesh, and the mesh number of the microporous structure in the second support layer is ≥ 20 mesh. The compression-resistant membrane electrode in the present invention has high electrochemical performance, and the highest current density can reach 215 mA cm-2. It has strong compression resistance and can reach dozens of MPa.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a pressure-resistant membrane electrode and a preparation method thereof, and an electrochemical hydrogen pump containing the same. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen is a unique secondary energy source. It is gaining more and more attention from countries around the world because of its clean and pollution-free characteristics. In the future, in addition to hydrogen production technology, the development of hydrogen separation, purification and compression technology with high efficiency, low cost, reliable performance and large-scale production will become the key to the development of the hydrogen economy.

[0003] The electrochemical hydrogen pump (also known as the electrochemical hydrogen compressor) is a hydrogen separation and purification device. Its structure is similar to that of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, but it uses an electrolysis mode, which can oxidize hydrogen at the anode and reduce hydrogen at the cathode. The electrochemical hydrogen pump can be used to compress hydrogen, and the maximum output pressure that can be achieved can reach several hundred atmospheres. Compared with traditional mechanical compression methods, the electrochemical hydrogen pump has many advantages, such as simple structure, high compression efficiency, low energy consumption; no mechanical wear, quiet operation and no noise; the compressed hydrogen has high purity and will not be contaminated by lubricating oil. When the amount of hydrogen is limited, the advantages of the electrochemical hydrogen pump will be more obvious.

[0004] The working principle of the electrochemical hydrogen pump: pressurization is achieved by redox reaction. Low-pressure hydrogen undergoes oxidation reaction at the anode to generate protons, which are transferred to the cathode through the diaphragm and then reduced to hydrogen. Driven by an external voltage, the cathode hydrogen generates back pressure. The hydrogen electrochemical compression process can theoretically be carried out under near-isothermal conditions, so it is expected to achieve more efficient hydrogen compression. The compression process is also carried out completely under static conditions. It is a potential low-cost, low-power hydrogen compression method, which is expected to be applied to 35MPa / 70MPa hydrogen refueling stations to improve the economic efficiency of the hydrogen energy industry chain.

[0005] Like proton exchange membrane fuel cells, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is also the core component of proton exchange membrane electrochemical hydrogen compression device. It is composed of proton exchange membrane, electrocatalyst and gas diffusion electrode. The membrane electrode realizes zero-distance contact between the membrane and the electrode, reduces the system ohmic resistance loss caused by the electrolyte, and can improve the energy conversion efficiency of the system. Because the cathode reaction, anode reaction, electron conduction and ion conduction in the electrochemical reaction process all occur on the membrane electrode, the role of the membrane electrode is crucial.

[0006] However, the membrane electrode used in the existing electrochemical hydrogen pump has poor pressure resistance, making it difficult to achieve more efficient hydrogen compression. Therefore, how to effectively improve the pressure resistance of the membrane electrode is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in this field. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect of poor compressive resistance of the membrane electrode in the prior art, and to provide a compressive membrane electrode, a preparation method thereof, and an electrochemical hydrogen pump containing the same. The compressive membrane electrode in the present invention has high electrochemical performance and strong compressive resistance, which can reach dozens of MPa.

[0008] The present invention provides a compressive membrane electrode, which sequentially includes a first support layer, a membrane electrode A, and a second support layer. The membrane electrode A sequentially includes a first gas diffusion layer, a first catalyst layer, an ion exchange membrane layer, a second catalyst layer, and a second gas diffusion layer;

[0009] The first support layer and the second support layer have a microporous structure;

[0010] The mesh number of the microporous structure in the first support layer ≥ 20 meshes;

[0011] The mesh number of the microporous structure in the second support layer ≥ 20 meshes.

[0012] In the present invention, the support layer materials of the first support layer and the second support layer may be the same or different.

[0013] In the present invention, the support material in the first support layer and / or the second support layer may be a conventional support material in the art, such as a metal, and for example, titanium and / or nickel.

[0014] In the present invention, the first support layer and / or the second support layer may be a nickel mesh and / or a titanium mesh, such as "nickel mesh" or "titanium mesh and nickel mesh".

[0015] In the present invention, the mesh number of the microporous structure in the first support layer may be 20 - 200 meshes, such as 20 meshes, 40 meshes, 60 meshes, 80 meshes, 100 meshes or 200 meshes.

[0016] In the present invention, the mesh number of the microporous structure in the second support layer may be 20 - 200 meshes, such as 20 meshes, 40 meshes, 60 meshes, 80 meshes, 100 meshes or 200 meshes.

[0017] In the present invention, when the first support layer includes a nickel mesh, preferably, the mesh number of the nickel mesh is 20 - 100 meshes, such as 20 meshes, 40 meshes, 60 meshes or 100 meshes.

[0018] In the present invention, when the first support layer includes a titanium mesh, preferably, the mesh number of the titanium mesh is 40 - 200 meshes, such as 40 meshes, 60 meshes, 80 meshes, 100 meshes or 200 meshes.

[0019] In the present invention, when the second support layer includes a nickel mesh, preferably, the mesh number of the nickel mesh is 20-100 meshes, such as 20 meshes, 40 meshes, 60 meshes or 100 meshes.

[0020] In the present invention, when the second support layer includes a titanium mesh, preferably, the mesh number of the titanium mesh is 40-200 meshes, such as 40 meshes, 60 meshes, 80 meshes, 100 meshes or 200 meshes.

[0021] In the present invention, preferably, the first support layer is a 100-mesh nickel mesh.

[0022] In the present invention, preferably, the first support layer is a 40-60-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh, such as a 40-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh, or a 60-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh.

[0023] In the present invention, preferably, the first support layer is an 80-200-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-100-mesh nickel mesh, such as: an 80-mesh titanium mesh and a 60-mesh nickel mesh, a 100-mesh titanium mesh and a 40-100-mesh nickel mesh (also such as a 100-mesh titanium mesh and a 40-mesh nickel mesh, or a 100-mesh titanium mesh and a 100-mesh nickel mesh), or a 200-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-100-mesh nickel mesh (also such as a 200-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh, or a 200-mesh titanium mesh and a 40-mesh nickel mesh, or a 200-mesh titanium mesh and a 100-mesh nickel mesh).

[0024] In the present invention, preferably, the second support layer is a 100-mesh nickel mesh.

[0025] In the present invention, preferably, the second support layer is a 40-60-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh, such as a 40-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh, or a 60-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh.

[0026] In the present invention, preferably, the second support layer is an 80-200-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-100-mesh nickel mesh, such as: an 80-mesh titanium mesh and a 60-mesh nickel mesh, a 100-mesh titanium mesh and a 40-100-mesh nickel mesh (also such as a 100-mesh titanium mesh and a 40-mesh nickel mesh, or a 100-mesh titanium mesh and a 100-mesh nickel mesh), or a 200-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-100-mesh nickel mesh (also such as a 200-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh, or a 200-mesh titanium mesh and a 40-mesh nickel mesh, or a 200-mesh titanium mesh and a 100-mesh nickel mesh).

[0027] In the present invention, the support layer can improve the compressive performance of the compression membrane electrode.

[0028] In the present invention, the first support layer may include one or more support layer materials.

[0029] Among them, preferably, the first support layer is two layers of nickel mesh, "one layer of titanium mesh and one layer of nickel mesh" or "one layer of titanium mesh and two layers of nickel mesh".

[0030] When the first support layer is two layers of nickel mesh, the mesh number of the nickel mesh can be 100 mesh.

[0031] When the first support layer is one layer of titanium mesh and one layer of nickel mesh, the mesh number of the titanium mesh can be 40 - 60 mesh, and the mesh number of the nickel mesh can be 20 mesh; for example, 40-mesh titanium mesh and 20-mesh nickel mesh, or 60-mesh titanium mesh and 20-mesh nickel mesh.

[0032] When the first support layer is one layer of titanium mesh and two layers of nickel mesh, the mesh number of the titanium mesh can be 80 - 200 mesh, and the mesh number of the nickel mesh can be 20 - 100 mesh. For example: 80-mesh titanium mesh and 60-mesh nickel mesh, 100-mesh titanium mesh and 40 - 100-mesh nickel mesh (also for example, 100-mesh titanium mesh and 40-mesh nickel mesh, or 100-mesh titanium mesh and 100-mesh nickel mesh), or 200-mesh titanium mesh and 20 - 100-mesh nickel mesh (also for example, 200-mesh titanium mesh and 20-mesh nickel mesh, or 200-mesh titanium mesh and 40-mesh nickel mesh, or 200-mesh titanium mesh and 100-mesh nickel mesh).

[0033] Among them, the compression-resistant membrane electrode may sequentially include: two layers of nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, and the second support layer.

[0034] Among them, the compression-resistant membrane electrode may sequentially include: one layer of titanium mesh, one layer of nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, and the second support layer.

[0035] Among them, the compression-resistant membrane electrode may sequentially include: one layer of titanium mesh, two layers of nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, and the second support layer.

[0036] In the present invention, the second support layer may include one or more layers of support layer materials.

[0037] Among them, preferably, the second support layer is two layers of nickel mesh, "one layer of titanium mesh and one layer of nickel mesh" or "one layer of titanium mesh and two layers of nickel mesh".

[0038] When the second support layer is two layers of nickel mesh, the mesh number of the nickel mesh can be 100 mesh.

[0039] When the second support layer is one layer of titanium mesh and one layer of nickel mesh, the mesh number of the titanium mesh can be 40 - 60 mesh, and the mesh number of the nickel mesh can be 20 mesh; for example, 40-mesh titanium mesh and 20-mesh nickel mesh, or 60-mesh titanium mesh and 20-mesh nickel mesh.

[0040] When the second support layer is composed of 1 layer of titanium mesh and 2 layers of nickel mesh, the mesh number of the titanium mesh can be 80 - 200 meshes, and the mesh number of the nickel mesh can be 20 - 100 meshes. For example: 80-mesh titanium mesh and 60-mesh nickel mesh, 100-mesh titanium mesh and 40 - 100-mesh nickel mesh (also for example, 100-mesh titanium mesh and 40-mesh nickel mesh, or 100-mesh titanium mesh and 100-mesh nickel mesh), or 200-mesh titanium mesh and 20 - 100-mesh nickel mesh (also for example, 200-mesh titanium mesh and 20-mesh nickel mesh, or 200-mesh titanium mesh and 40-mesh nickel mesh, or 200-mesh titanium mesh and 100-mesh nickel mesh).

[0041] Among them, the compression-resistant membrane electrode may sequentially include: the first support layer, the membrane electrode A, and 2 layers of nickel mesh.

[0042] Among them, the compression-resistant membrane electrode may sequentially include: the first support layer, the membrane electrode A, 1 layer of nickel mesh, and 1 layer of titanium mesh.

[0043] Among them, the compression-resistant membrane electrode may sequentially include: the first support layer, the membrane electrode A, 2 layers of nickel mesh, and 1 layer of titanium mesh.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 2 layers of nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, and 2 layers of nickel mesh; for example, 2 layers of 100-mesh nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, and 2 layers of 100-mesh nickel mesh.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of titanium mesh, 1 layer of nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, 1 layer of nickel mesh, and 1 layer of titanium mesh. For example, the compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of 40 - 60-mesh titanium mesh, 1 layer of 20-mesh nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, 1 layer of 20-mesh nickel mesh, and 1 layer of 40 - 60-mesh titanium mesh.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of titanium mesh, 2 layers of nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, 2 layers of nickel mesh, and 1 layer of titanium mesh.

[0047] For example, the compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of 80 - 200-mesh titanium mesh, 2 layers of 20 - 100-mesh nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, 2 layers of 20 - 100-mesh nickel mesh, and 1 layer of 80 - 200-mesh titanium mesh.

[0048] Also for example, the compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of 80-mesh titanium mesh, 2 layers of 60-mesh nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, 2 layers of 60-mesh nickel mesh, and 1 layer of 80-mesh titanium mesh; or, the compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of 100-mesh titanium mesh, 2 layers of 40-100-mesh nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, 2 layers of 40-100-mesh nickel mesh, and 1 layer of 100-mesh titanium mesh; or, the compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of 200-mesh titanium mesh, 2 layers of 20-100-mesh nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, 2 layers of 20-100-mesh nickel mesh, and 1 layer of 200-mesh titanium mesh.

[0049] In the present invention, the sizes of the first support layer and / or the second support layer can be conventional sizes in the art, and generally, they only need to be comparable to the sizes of the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer.

[0050] Preferably, when the first support layer includes the nickel mesh, the nickel mesh can be circular. The diameter of the nickel mesh can be 4-6 cm, such as 5 cm.

[0051] Preferably, when the first support layer includes the titanium mesh, the titanium mesh can be circular. The diameter of the titanium mesh can be 4-7 cm, such as 5 cm or 6 cm.

[0052] Preferably, when the second support layer includes the nickel mesh, the nickel mesh can be circular. The diameter of the nickel mesh can be 4-6 cm, such as 5 cm.

[0053] Preferably, when the second support layer includes the titanium mesh, the titanium mesh can be circular. The diameter of the titanium mesh can be 4-7 cm, such as 5 cm or 6 cm.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 2 layers of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm, the membrane electrode A, and 2 layers of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of titanium mesh with a diameter of 6 cm, 1 layer of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm, the membrane electrode A, 1 layer of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm, and 1 layer of titanium mesh with a diameter of 6 cm.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of titanium mesh with a diameter of 5 cm, 2 layers of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm, the membrane electrode A, 2 layers of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm, and 1 layer of titanium mesh with a diameter of 5 cm.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compression-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of titanium mesh with a diameter of 6 cm, 2 layers of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm, the membrane electrode A, 2 layers of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm, and 1 layer of titanium mesh with a diameter of 6 cm.

[0058] In the present invention, the materials of the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer may be the same or different.

[0059] In the present invention, the material of the first gas diffusion layer and / or the second gas diffusion layer may be a material that can achieve gas diffusion conventionally in the art, such as carbon paper, carbon cloth, or polytetrafluoroethylene film.

[0060] In the present invention, the first gas diffusion layer and / or the second gas diffusion layer may be a carbon paper layer, a carbon cloth layer, or a polytetrafluoroethylene film layer, such as a carbon paper layer or a carbon cloth layer.

[0061] In the present invention, the first gas diffusion layer may include one or more layers of gas diffusion layer materials.

[0062] In the present invention, the second gas diffusion layer may include one or more layers of gas diffusion layer materials.

[0063] In the present invention, the sizes of the first gas diffusion layer and / or the second gas diffusion layer may be conventional sizes in the art, generally being comparable to the size of the catalyst layer.

[0064] In the present invention, the first gas diffusion layer and / or the second gas diffusion layer may be circular. When the first gas diffusion layer and / or the second gas diffusion layer is circular, the diameter of the first gas diffusion layer and / or the second gas diffusion layer may be 4 - 6 cm, such as 5 cm.

[0065] In the present invention, the catalyst in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer is a catalyst that can at least catalyze the following reactions:

[0066] H2 - 2e → H + ;

[0067] H + + 2e → H2.

[0068] In the present invention, the types of catalysts in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer may be the same or different.

[0069] In the present invention, the catalyst in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer may be a platinum-carbon catalyst (Pt / C catalyst).

[0070] Among them, in the platinum-carbon catalyst, the mass fraction of platinum-carbon may be 30 - 50%, such as 40%.

[0071] Among them, the platinum-carbon catalyst can exist in the form of a slurry. For example, the platinum-carbon catalyst contains the following components:

[0072] Platinum-carbon catalyst, Nafion solution and organic solvent. The above components can be formulated into a uniformly dispersed black ink-like solution, which is the platinum-carbon catalyst slurry.

[0073] The model of Nafion in the Nafion solution can be DuPont D520.

[0074] The mass fraction of Nafion in the Nafion solution can be 1-10%, for example 5%.

[0075] The types of the organic solvent can be isopropanol and / or absolute ethanol, such as isopropanol and absolute ethanol.

[0076] The ratio of the mass mg of the Pt / C catalyst to the volume μL of the Nafion solution can be 40:375.

[0077] The ratio of the mass mg of the Pt / C catalyst to the volume mL of the organic solvent can be 40:8.

[0078] Preferably, the platinum-carbon catalyst slurry contains the following components: 40 mg of Pt / C catalyst with a mass fraction of 40%, 375 μL of Nafion (DuPont D520, with a mass fraction of 5%) solution, 6 ml of isopropanol and 2 ml of absolute ethanol.

[0079] In the present invention, the total catalyst loading in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer can be 0.25-1.02 mg·cm -2 , for example 0.25 mg·cm -2 , 0.51 mg·cm -2 , 0.76 mg·cm -2 or 1.02 mg·cm -2 .

[0080] In the present invention, the catalyst layer can be prepared by a conventional method in the art. For example, it can be obtained by the following method: spraying the catalyst slurry (such as platinum-carbon catalyst slurry) containing the catalysts in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer onto the ion exchange membrane layer or "the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer" respectively, and then the catalyst layer is obtained.

[0081] Among them, the catalyst slurry can be as described above.

[0082] In the present invention, the ion exchange membrane in the ion exchange membrane layer may be an ion exchange membrane commonly used in the art, such as a perfluorosulfonic acid resin membrane, a hydrocarbon-based ion exchange membrane, or an "imidazole-functionalized styrene and vinyl chloride polymer membrane". For another example, it may be a perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane, a Selemion AMV hydrocarbon-based ion exchange membrane (which may be produced by Asahi Kasei Corporation of Japan), or a Sustainion ion exchange membrane (which may be produced in the United States).

[0083] Among them, the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane may be N-11, and the specific models may include N-112, N-1125, N-113, N-1135, N-114, N-115, N-117, or N-1110.

[0084] When the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane is N-112, the thickness of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane may be 51 μm.

[0085] When the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane is N-114, the thickness of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane may be 102 μm.

[0086] When the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane is N-115, the thickness of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane may be 127 μm.

[0087] When the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane is N-117, the thickness of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane may be 183 μm.

[0088] When the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane is N-1110, the thickness of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane may be 254 μm.

[0089] Among them, the model of the Sustainion ion exchange membrane may be X37-50-grade T.

[0090] In the present invention, the size of the ion exchange membrane layer may be a conventional size in the art, generally larger than the size of the catalyst layer.

[0091] In the present invention, the ion exchange membrane layer may be circular. When the ion exchange membrane layer is circular, the diameter of the ion exchange membrane layer may be 6-8 cm, such as 7 cm.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compressive film electrode sequentially includes: two layers of 100-mesh nickel mesh, carbon paper, a first catalyst layer, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane layer, a second catalyst layer, carbon paper, and two layers of 100-mesh nickel mesh; the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane can be N-115.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compressive film electrode sequentially includes: one layer of 40-60-mesh titanium mesh, one layer of 20-mesh nickel mesh, carbon paper, a first catalyst layer, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane layer, a second catalyst layer, carbon paper, one layer of 20-mesh nickel mesh, and one layer of 40-60-mesh titanium mesh; the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane can be N-1110 or N-114.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compressive film electrode sequentially includes: one layer of 80-mesh titanium mesh, two layers of 60-mesh nickel mesh, carbon paper, a first catalyst layer, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane layer, a second catalyst layer, carbon paper, two layers of 60-mesh nickel mesh, and one layer of 80-mesh titanium mesh; the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane can be N-117.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compressive film electrode sequentially includes: one layer of 100-mesh titanium mesh, two layers of 40-100-mesh nickel mesh, "carbon paper or carbon cloth", a first catalyst layer, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane layer, a second catalyst layer, "carbon paper or carbon cloth", two layers of 40-100-mesh nickel mesh, and one layer of 100-mesh titanium mesh; the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane can be N-112 or N-117.

[0096] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compressive film electrode sequentially includes: one layer of 200-mesh titanium mesh, two layers of 20-100-mesh nickel mesh, "carbon paper or carbon cloth", a first catalyst layer, a Sustainion ion exchange membrane layer, a second catalyst layer, "carbon paper or carbon cloth", two layers of 20-100-mesh nickel mesh, and one layer of 200-mesh titanium mesh; the model of the Sustainion ion exchange membrane layer can be X37-50-grade T.

[0097] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the compressive film electrode, which includes the following steps:

[0098] (1) Spray the catalyst slurries containing the catalysts in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer respectively on both sides of the ion exchange membrane layer or on one side of "the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer" to form the structure of the first catalyst layer - the ion exchange membrane layer - the second catalyst layer, or the structure of the first gas diffusion layer - the first catalyst layer and the second gas diffusion layer - the second catalyst layer;

[0099] (2) When forming the structure of the first catalyst layer - the ion exchange membrane layer - the second catalyst layer in step (1), add the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer respectively on both sides of the structure of the first catalyst layer - the ion exchange membrane layer - the second catalyst layer to form the membrane electrode A;

[0100] When forming the structure of the first gas diffusion layer - the first catalyst layer and the second gas diffusion layer - the second catalyst layer in step (1), place the first gas diffusion layer - the first catalyst layer and the second gas diffusion layer - the second catalyst layer on both sides of the ion exchange membrane layer respectively, and the catalyst layers in the first gas diffusion layer - the first catalyst layer and the second gas diffusion layer - the second catalyst layer are in contact with the ion exchange membrane layer to form the membrane electrode A;

[0101] (3) Add the first support layer and the second support layer respectively on both sides of the membrane electrode A in step (1) to form the compression-resistant membrane electrode.

[0102] In step (1), the spraying device can be an airbrush.

[0103] In step (1), the structure of the catalyst layer - ion exchange membrane layer - catalyst layer and the structure of the gas diffusion layer - catalyst layer can be dried and then the membrane electrode A is formed.

[0104] Among them, the drying treatment can be air-drying at room temperature (20 + 5 °C) to volatilize the solvent in the catalyst slurry.

[0105] In step (2), the method for forming the membrane electrode A can be hot pressing.

[0106] Among them, the pressure for pressing can be 2 - 4 MPa, such as 2 MPa or 4 MPa.

[0107] Among them, the temperature for pressing can be 50 - 180 °C, such as 50 °C, 100 °C or 130 °C.

[0108] Among them, the time for pressing can be 1 - 10 min, such as 2 min or 5 min.

[0109] Preferably, the conditions for hot pressing may be: pressure 2 - 4 MPa, temperature 50 - 180 °C, time 1 - 10 min.

[0110] Preferably, the conditions for hot pressing may be: pressure 2 MPa, temperature 100 °C, time 5 min.

[0111] Preferably, the conditions for hot pressing may be: pressure 4 MPa, temperature 50 - 130 °C, time 2 - 5 min.

[0112] In step (3), the method for forming the compression-resistant membrane electrode may be roll pressing.

[0113] Among them, the equipment for roll pressing may be a roll press. Generally speaking, it is sufficient to use a roll press to compact.

[0114] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the compression-resistant membrane electrode includes the following steps:

[0115] (1) Prepare the catalyst slurry according to the catalyst slurry ratio;

[0116] (2) Pour the catalyst slurry prepared in step (1) into an airbrush, and then slowly and evenly spray it on both sides of the ion exchange membrane or two gas diffusion layers to form a catalytic layer, and the total Pt / C catalyst loading of the anode and cathode is 0.25 - 1.02 mg·cm -2 ;

[0117] (3) Place the ion exchange membrane or gas diffusion layer with the prepared catalytic layer at room temperature to dry, and volatilize the excess isopropanol and ethanol solutions;

[0118] (4) Cut the diffusion layer according to the size of the catalyst layer, and use a hot press to press it into a three-in-one membrane electrode in the order of diffusion layer + ion exchange membrane + diffusion layer, and the pressing conditions are: pressure set at 2 - 4 MPa, temperature set at 50 - 180 °C, time 1 - 10 min;

[0119] (5) Add a support layer to both sides of the membrane electrode, and then use a roll press to compact it to make a compression-resistant membrane electrode with compression resistance performance.

[0120] In the present invention, the membrane electrode is generally stored in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 20 - 80 °C and a humidity of 30% - 95%.

[0121] The present invention also provides an electrochemical hydrogen pump, which includes the compression-resistant membrane electrode.

[0122] On the basis of conforming to the common knowledge in the art, the above preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily to obtain various preferred examples of the present invention.

[0123] The reagents and raw materials used in the present invention are all commercially available.

[0124] The positive and progressive effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0125] The compressive film electrode prepared by the present invention has high electrochemical performance, and the highest current density can reach 215 mA cm -2 ; It has strong compressive ability, up to dozens of MPa (for example, 23 MPa). Description of the Drawings

[0126] Figure 1 It is a front view photo of the membrane electrode of Example 5 and the control example before the current density test and the pressure resistance test.

[0127] Figure 2 It is the current density test result of the membrane electrode of Example 5 and the control example.

[0128] Figure 3 It is the pressure resistance test result of the membrane electrode of Example 5 and the control example.

[0129] Figure 4 It is a front view photo of the membrane electrode of Example 5 and the control example after the current density test and the pressure resistance test.

[0130] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the membrane electrode of Example 1; wherein: 11 is the first titanium mesh layer, 12 is the first nickel mesh layer, 13 is the second nickel mesh layer, 14 is the second titanium mesh layer, 21 is the first carbon paper layer, 22 is the second carbon paper layer, 31 is the first Pt / C catalyst layer, 32 is the second Pt / C catalyst layer, and 4 is the nafion membrane layer. Detailed Embodiments

[0131] The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the described examples. The experimental methods without specific conditions in the following examples are carried out according to the conventional methods and conditions, or selected according to the product specifications.

[0132] In the following examples and control examples:

[0133] The catalyst layer slurry is a uniformly dispersed black ink-like solution prepared from 40 mg of a Pt / C catalyst with a mass fraction of 40% + 375 μL of Nafion (DuPont D520, with a mass fraction of 5%) solution + 6 ml of isopropanol + 2 ml of absolute ethanol; the Pt / C catalyst with a mass fraction of 40% is purchased from Shanghai Hesen Electric Co., Ltd.

[0134] Example 1

[0135] Take 6 ml of the catalyst slurry and pour it into an airbrush. Then, slowly and evenly spray it on both sides of a Nafion membrane with a diameter of 7 cm (model N-1110, thickness 254 μm, purchased from DuPont) to form a catalytic layer. The spraying range is a circle with a diameter of 5 cm. Spray 3 ml of the catalyst slurry on each side. The total loading of the Pt / C catalyst on the anode and cathode is 0.76 mg·cm -2 . Then, place the Nafion membrane with the sprayed catalytic layer at room temperature to dry, and volatilize the excess isopropanol and ethanol solution. Cut two pieces of carbon paper with a diameter of 5 cm and place them on the catalyst layers on both sides of the Nafion membrane respectively. Use a hot press to press at 4 MPa and 130 °C for 2 min to make a three-in-one membrane electrode. Cut two pieces of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm (20 mesh) and two pieces of titanium mesh with a diameter of 6 cm (40 mesh). Press them tightly in the order of 1 piece of titanium mesh (mesh number 40 mesh) + 1 piece of nickel mesh (mesh number 20 mesh) + membrane electrode + 1 piece of nickel mesh (mesh number 20 mesh) + 1 piece of titanium mesh (mesh number 40 mesh) with a roller press to make a membrane electrode with compressive performance. Store the prepared membrane electrode in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 50 °C and a humidity of 90% for standby. The structure of the membrane electrode in this example can be as shown in Figure 5 . It should be noted that Figure 5 the thicknesses of the layers shown in

[0136] are only for illustrative reference.

[0137] Example 2

[0138] Take 4 ml of the catalyst slurry and pour it into an airbrush. Then, slowly and evenly spray it on carbon paper with a diameter of 5 cm. Spray 2 ml of the catalyst slurry on each piece of carbon paper, and a total of 2 pieces are sprayed. The total loading of the Pt / C catalyst on the anode and cathode is 0.51 mg·cm -2 . Then, place the carbon paper with the sprayed catalytic layer at room temperature to dry, and volatilize the excess isopropanol and ethanol solution. Then place the carbon paper with the sprayed catalyst layer on both sides of a Nafion membrane with a diameter of 7 cm (model N-114, thickness 102 μm) so that the catalyst layer contacts the Nafion membrane. Use a hot press to press at 2 MPa and 100 °C for 5 min to make a three-in-one membrane electrode. Cut two pieces of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm (20 mesh) and two pieces of titanium mesh with a diameter of 6 cm (60 mesh). Press them tightly in the order of 1 piece of titanium mesh + 1 piece of nickel mesh + membrane electrode + 1 piece of nickel mesh + 1 piece of titanium mesh with a roller press to make a membrane electrode with compressive performance. Store the prepared membrane electrode in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 50 °C and a humidity of 90% for standby.

[0139] Install the above membrane electrode in a battery fixture, introduce hydrogen gas at the intake end, apply a voltage of 0.7 V across both ends of the electrode sheet, and test its electrochemical performance and compressive effect. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0140] Example 3

[0141] Take 4 ml of catalyst slurry and pour it into an airbrush, then slowly and evenly spray it onto a carbon paper with a diameter of 5 cm. Spray 2 ml of catalyst slurry on each carbon paper, and a total of 2 sheets are sprayed. The total loading of Pt / C catalyst on both the anode and cathode is 0.51 mg·cm -2 . Then, place the carbon paper with the sprayed catalyst layer at room temperature to dry, evaporating the excess isopropanol and ethanol solutions. Then place the carbon papers with the sprayed catalyst layers on both sides of a nafion membrane with a diameter of 7 cm (model N-117, thickness 183 μm), with the catalyst layer in contact with the nafion membrane, and use a hot press to press at 4 MPa and 130 °C for 2 min to make a three-in-one membrane electrode. Cut 4 pieces of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm (40 mesh) and 2 pieces of titanium mesh with a diameter of 6 cm (100 mesh), and press them tightly in the order of 1 piece of titanium mesh + 2 pieces of nickel mesh + membrane electrode + 2 pieces of nickel mesh + 1 piece of titanium mesh using a roller press to make a membrane electrode with compressive performance. Store the prepared membrane electrode in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 30 °C and a humidity of 60% for standby.

[0142] Install the above membrane electrode in a battery fixture, introduce hydrogen gas at the intake end, apply a voltage of 0.7 V across both ends of the electrode sheet, and test its electrochemical performance and compressive effect. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0143] Example 4

[0144] Take 2 ml of catalyst slurry and pour it into an airbrush, then slowly and evenly spray it on both sides of a nafion membrane with a diameter of 7 cm (model N-112, thickness 51 μm) to form a catalyst layer. The spraying range is a circle with a diameter of 5 cm, and spray 1 ml of catalyst slurry on each side. The total loading of Pt / C catalyst on both the anode and cathode is 0.25 mg·cm -2 . Then, place the nafion membrane with the sprayed catalyst layer at room temperature to dry, evaporating the excess isopropanol and ethanol solutions. Cut two pieces of carbon cloth with a diameter of 5 cm and place them on the catalyst layers on both sides of the nafion membrane respectively. Use a hot press to press at 4 MPa and 50 °C for 5 min to make a three-in-one membrane electrode. Cut 4 pieces of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm (40 mesh) and 2 pieces of titanium mesh with a diameter of 6 cm (100 mesh), and press them tightly in the order of 1 piece of titanium mesh + 2 pieces of nickel mesh + membrane electrode + 2 pieces of nickel mesh + 1 piece of titanium mesh using a roller press to make a membrane electrode with compressive performance. Store the prepared membrane electrode in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 50 °C and a humidity of 90% for standby.

[0145] Install the above membrane electrode in a battery fixture, introduce hydrogen gas at the inlet end, apply a voltage of 0.7 V across the electrode plates, and test its electrochemical performance and compressive effect. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0146] Example 5

[0147] Take 4 ml of the catalyst slurry and pour it into an airbrush, then slowly and evenly spray it on both sides of a nafion membrane with a diameter of 7 cm (model N-117, thickness 183 μm) to form a catalytic layer. The spraying range is a circle with a diameter of 5 cm, and 2 ml of the catalyst slurry is sprayed on each side. The total loading of Pt / C catalyst on the cathode and anode is 0.51 mg·cm -2 . Then, place the nafion membrane with the sprayed catalytic layer at room temperature to dry and volatilize the excess isopropanol and ethanol solutions. Cut two pieces of carbon paper with a diameter of 5 cm and place them on the catalyst layers on both sides of the nafion membrane respectively. Use a hot press to press at 4 MPa and 130 °C for 2 min to make a three-in-one membrane electrode. Cut 4 pieces of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm (100 mesh) and 2 pieces of titanium mesh with a diameter of 6 cm (100 mesh), and press them tightly in the order of 1 piece of titanium mesh + 2 pieces of nickel mesh + membrane electrode + 2 pieces of nickel mesh + 1 piece of titanium mesh with a roller press to make a membrane electrode with compressive performance. Store the prepared membrane electrode in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 50 °C and a humidity of 90% for later use.

[0148] Install the above membrane electrode in a battery fixture, introduce hydrogen gas at the inlet end, apply a voltage of 0.7 V across the electrode plates, and test its electrochemical performance and compressive effect. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0149] Example 6

[0150] Take 8 ml of the catalyst slurry and pour it into an airbrush, then slowly and evenly spray it on both sides of a nafion membrane with a diameter of 7 cm (model N-115, thickness 127 μm) to form a catalytic layer. The spraying range is a circle with a diameter of 5 cm, and 4 ml of the catalyst slurry is sprayed on each side. The total loading of Pt / C catalyst on the cathode and anode is 1.02 mg·cm -2 . Then, place the nafion membrane with the sprayed catalytic layer at room temperature to dry and volatilize the excess isopropanol and ethanol solutions. Cut two pieces of carbon paper with a diameter of 5 cm and place them on the catalyst layers on both sides of the nafion membrane respectively. Use a hot press to press at 4 MPa and 130 °C for 2 min to make a three-in-one membrane electrode. Cut 4 pieces of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm (100 mesh), and press them tightly in the order of 2 pieces of nickel mesh + membrane electrode + 2 pieces of nickel mesh with a roller press to make a membrane electrode with compressive performance. Store the prepared membrane electrode in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 50 °C and a humidity of 90% for later use.

[0151] Install the above membrane electrode in a battery fixture, introduce hydrogen gas at the intake end, apply a voltage of 0.7 V across the electrode plates, and test its electrochemical performance and compressive effect. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0152] Example 7

[0153] Take 4 ml of catalyst slurry and pour it into an airbrush, then slowly and evenly spray it onto a carbon cloth with a diameter of 5 cm. Spray 2 ml of catalyst slurry on each carbon paper, and a total of 2 sheets are sprayed. The total loading of Pt / C catalysts on the anode and cathode is 0.51 mg·cm -2 . Then, place the carbon cloth with the sprayed catalyst layer at room temperature to dry, evaporating the excess isopropanol and ethanol solutions. Then place the carbon papers with the sprayed catalyst layers on both sides of a 7-cm-diameter Sustainion ion exchange membrane (model X37-50-gradeT), placing the catalyst layers in contact with the Sustainion ion exchange membrane, and use a hot press to press at 4 MPa and 130 °C for 2 min to make a three-in-one membrane electrode. Cut 4 nickel meshes (20 mesh) with a diameter of 5 cm and 2 titanium meshes (200 mesh) with a diameter of 5 cm, and press them tightly in the order of 1 titanium mesh + 2 nickel meshes + membrane electrode + 2 nickel meshes + 1 titanium mesh using a roller press to make a membrane electrode with compressive performance. Store the prepared membrane electrode in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 50 °C and a humidity of 90% for standby.

[0154] Install the above membrane electrode in a battery fixture, introduce hydrogen gas at the intake end, apply a voltage of 0.7 V across the electrode plates, and test its electrochemical performance and compressive effect. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0155] Example 8

[0156] Take 4 ml of catalyst slurry and pour it into an airbrush, then slowly and evenly spray it onto a carbon cloth with a diameter of 5 cm. Spray 4 ml of catalyst slurry on each carbon paper, and a total of 2 sheets are sprayed. The total loading of Pt / C catalysts on the anode and cathode is 0.51 mg·cm -2 . Then, place the carbon cloth with the sprayed catalyst layer at room temperature to dry, evaporating the excess isopropanol and ethanol solutions. Then place the carbon papers with the sprayed catalyst layers on both sides of a 7-cm-diameter Sustainion ion exchange membrane (model X37-50-gradeT), placing the catalyst layers in contact with the Sustainion ion exchange membrane, and use a hot press to press at 4 MPa and 130 °C for 2 min to make a three-in-one membrane electrode. Cut 4 nickel meshes (40 mesh) with a diameter of 5 cm and 2 titanium meshes (200 mesh) with a diameter of 6 cm, and press them tightly in the order of 1 titanium mesh + 2 nickel meshes + membrane electrode + 2 nickel meshes + 1 titanium mesh using a roller press to make a membrane electrode with compressive performance. Store the prepared membrane electrode in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 50 °C and a humidity of 90% for standby.

[0157] Install the above membrane electrode in a battery fixture, introduce hydrogen gas at the intake end, apply a voltage of 0.7 V across the electrode sheet, and test its electrochemical performance and compressive effect. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0158] Example 9

[0159] Take 4 ml of catalyst slurry and pour it into an airbrush, then slowly and evenly spray it on both sides of a Sustainion ion exchange membrane with a diameter of 7 cm (model X37-50-gradeT) to form a catalytic layer. The spraying range is a circle with a diameter of 5 cm, and 2 ml of catalyst slurry is sprayed on each side. The total loading of Pt / C catalyst on the anode and cathode is 0.51 mg·cm -2 . Then, place the nafion membrane with the sprayed catalytic layer at room temperature to dry, evaporating the excess isopropanol and ethanol solutions. Cut two pieces of carbon paper with a diameter of 5 cm and place them on the catalyst layers on both sides of the nafion membrane respectively. Use a hot press to press at 4 MPa and 130 °C for 2 min to make a three-in-one membrane electrode. Cut 4 pieces of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm (100 mesh) and 2 pieces of titanium mesh with a diameter of 6 cm (200 mesh), and press them tightly in the order of 1 piece of titanium mesh + 2 pieces of nickel mesh + membrane electrode + 2 pieces of nickel mesh + 1 piece of titanium mesh with a roller press to make a membrane electrode with compressive performance. Store the prepared membrane electrode in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 50 °C and a humidity of 90% for standby.

[0160] Install the above membrane electrode in a battery fixture, introduce hydrogen gas at the intake end, apply a voltage of 0.7 V across the electrode sheet, and test its electrochemical performance and compressive effect. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0161] Example 10

[0162] Take 4 ml of catalyst slurry and pour it into an airbrush, then slowly and evenly spray it on both sides of a nafion membrane with a diameter of 7 cm (model N-117, thickness 183 μm) to form a catalytic layer. The spraying range is a circle with a diameter of 5 cm, and 2 ml of catalyst slurry is sprayed on each side. The total loading of Pt / C catalyst on the anode and cathode is 0.51 mg·cm -2 . Then, place the nafion membrane with the sprayed catalytic layer at room temperature to dry, evaporating the excess isopropanol and ethanol solutions. Cut two pieces of carbon paper with a diameter of 5 cm and place them on the catalyst layers on both sides of the nafion membrane respectively. Use a hot press to press at 4 MPa and 130 °C for 2 min to make a three-in-one membrane electrode. Cut 4 pieces of nickel mesh with a diameter of 5 cm (60 mesh) and 2 pieces of titanium mesh with a diameter of 5 cm (80 mesh), and press them tightly in the order of 1 piece of titanium mesh + 2 pieces of nickel mesh + membrane electrode + 2 pieces of nickel mesh + 1 piece of titanium mesh with a roller press to make a membrane electrode with compressive performance. Store the prepared membrane electrode in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 50 °C and a humidity of 90% for standby.

[0163] The above-mentioned membrane electrode was installed in a battery fixture, hydrogen was introduced into the intake end, and a voltage of 0.7 V was applied across both ends of the electrode sheet to test its electrochemical performance and compressive effect. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0164] Control Example

[0165] 4 ml of the catalyst slurry was poured into an airbrush, and then slowly and evenly sprayed onto both sides of a nafion membrane with a diameter of 7 cm (model N-117, thickness 183 μm) to form a catalytic layer. The spraying range was a circle with a diameter of 5 cm, and 2 ml of the catalyst slurry was sprayed on each side. The total loading of the Pt / C catalyst on the anode and cathode was 0.51 mg·cm -2 Then, the nafion membrane with the sprayed catalytic layer was left to dry at room temperature to volatilize the excess isopropanol and ethanol solutions. Two pieces of carbon paper with a diameter of 5 cm were cut and placed on the catalyst layers on both sides of the nafion membrane, and then pressed using a hot press at 4 MPa and 130 °C for 2 min to fabricate a three-in-one membrane electrode. The prepared membrane electrode was stored in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 50 °C and a humidity of 90% for later use.

[0166] Effect Example

[0167] The membrane electrodes in Examples 1-10 and the control example were respectively installed in a battery fixture (the fixture consists of two end plates and two electrode plates, and the inlet and outlet ports are on the two end plates), hydrogen was introduced into the intake end (20 mL / min, inlet pressure 0.5 MPa), and a voltage of 0.7 V was applied across both ends of the electrode sheet to test its electrochemical performance and compressive performance.

[0168] Specific performance data are shown in Table 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 .

[0169] Table 1 Electrochemical Performance Test of Membrane Electrodes for Hydrogen Compression

[0170]

[0171] Note: 1: Refers to the maximum current density within 0 - 140 min, and the unit of current density is mA cm -2 ; 2: Refers to the maximum outlet pressure within 0 - 120 min, and the unit of outlet pressure is MPa, which refers to the pressure of hydrogen on the hydrogen production side.

[0172] According to Table 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 it can be seen that under the conditions where the dosage of the catalyst, the type and thickness of the membrane are comparable, compared with the control example, Example 5 achieved an effective increase in current density and a significant increase in outlet pressure.

[0173] According to Figure 1 ,Figure 4 It can be seen that after the current density and voltage withstand tests, compared with the membrane electrode before the tests, the appearance of the membrane electrode of Example 5 shows no obvious change; while after the current density and voltage withstand tests, compared with the membrane electrode before the tests, the membrane electrode of the comparative example shows obvious damage.

Claims

1. A compressive film electrode, characterized in that, The described compressive membrane electrode sequentially includes a first support layer, a membrane electrode A, and a second support layer. The membrane electrode A sequentially includes a first gas diffusion layer, a first catalyst layer, an ion exchange membrane layer, a second catalyst layer, and a second gas diffusion layer; The first support layer and the second support layer have a microporous structure; Among them, the structure of the compressive membrane electrode is selected from one of (1)-(3): (1) The compressive membrane electrode sequentially includes: 2 layers of nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, and 2 layers of nickel mesh; (2) The compressive membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of titanium mesh, 1 layer of nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, 1 layer of nickel mesh, and 1 layer of titanium mesh; (3) The compressive membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of titanium mesh, 2 layers of nickel mesh, the membrane electrode A, 2 layers of nickel mesh, and 1 layer of titanium mesh; When the first support layer includes nickel mesh, the mesh number of the nickel mesh is 20-100 meshes; When the first support layer includes titanium mesh, the mesh number of the titanium mesh is 40-200 meshes; When the second support layer includes nickel mesh, the mesh number of the nickel mesh is 20-100 meshes; When the second support layer includes titanium mesh, the mesh number of the titanium mesh is 40-200 meshes; The total catalyst loading in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer is 0.51 - 1.02 mg·cm -2 .

2. The compressive film electrode according to claim 1, wherein, When the first support layer includes nickel mesh, the mesh number of the nickel mesh is 20 meshes, 40 meshes, 60 meshes, or 100 meshes.

3. The compressive film electrode according to claim 1, wherein, When the first support layer includes titanium mesh, the mesh number of the titanium mesh is 40 meshes, 60 meshes, 80 meshes, 100 meshes, or 200 meshes.

4. The compressive film electrode according to claim 1, wherein, When the second support layer includes nickel mesh, the mesh number of the nickel mesh is 20 meshes, 40 meshes, 60 meshes, or 100 meshes.

5. The compressive film electrode according to claim 1, wherein When the second support layer includes titanium mesh, the mesh number of the titanium mesh is 40 meshes, 60 meshes, 80 meshes, 100 meshes, or 200 meshes.

6. The compressive film electrode according to claim 1, wherein The first support layer is a 100-mesh nickel mesh; or, the first support layer is a 40-60-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh; or, the first support layer is an 80-200-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-100-mesh nickel mesh; And / or, the second support layer is a 100-mesh nickel mesh; Or, the second support layer is a 40-60-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh; or, the second support layer is an 80-200-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-100-mesh nickel mesh.

7. The compressive film electrode according to claim 6, wherein The first support layer is a 40-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh, or a 60-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh.

8. The compressive film electrode according to claim 6, wherein The first support layer is an 80-mesh titanium mesh and a 60-mesh nickel mesh, a 100-mesh titanium mesh and a 40-100-mesh nickel mesh, or a 200-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-100-mesh nickel mesh.

9. The compressive film electrode according to claim 6, wherein The second support layer is a 40-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh, or a 60-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-mesh nickel mesh.

10. The compressive film electrode according to claim 6, wherein The second support layer is an 80-mesh titanium mesh and a 60-mesh nickel mesh, a 100-mesh titanium mesh and a 40-100-mesh nickel mesh, or a 200-mesh titanium mesh and a 20-100-mesh nickel mesh.

11. The compressive film electrode according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The compressive membrane electrode satisfies one or more of the following conditions: ① The materials of the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer are the same or different; ② The first gas diffusion layer is a carbon paper layer, a carbon cloth layer, or a polytetrafluoroethylene thin film layer; ③ The second gas diffusion layer is a carbon paper layer, a carbon cloth layer or a polytetrafluoroethylene thin film layer; ⑤ The first gas diffusion layer comprises one or more gas diffusion layer materials; and ⑥ The second gas diffusion layer comprises one or more gas diffusion layer materials.

12. The compressive film electrode according to claim 11, wherein The first gas diffusion layer is a carbon paper layer or a carbon cloth layer.

13. The compressive film electrode according to claim 11, wherein The second gas diffusion layer is a carbon paper layer or a carbon cloth layer.

14. The compressive film electrode according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The pressure-resistant membrane electrode satisfies one or more of the following conditions: ① The catalyst types in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer are the same or different; ② The catalysts in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer are platinum-carbon catalysts; Among them, in the platinum-carbon catalyst, the mass fraction of platinum-carbon is 30-50%; Among them, the platinum-carbon catalyst exists in the form of a slurry.

15. The compressive film electrode according to claim 14, characterized in that, In the platinum-carbon catalyst, the mass fraction of platinum-carbon is 40%.

16. The compressive film electrode according to claim 14, characterized in that, The platinum-carbon catalyst contains the following components: platinum-carbon catalyst, Nafion solution and organic solvent. The above components can be formulated into a uniformly dispersed black ink-like solution, which is the platinum-carbon catalyst slurry; The Nafion in the Nafion solution is of the DuPont D520 model; The mass fraction of Nafion in the Nafion solution is 1-10%; The type of the organic solvent is isopropanol and / or absolute ethanol; The ratio of the mass mg of the Pt / C catalyst to the volume μL of the Nafion solution is 40:375; The ratio of the mass mg of the Pt / C catalyst to the volume mL of the organic solvent is 40:

8.

17. The compressive film electrode according to claim 16, characterized in that, The mass fraction of Nafion in the Nafion solution is 5%.

18. The compressive film electrode according to claim 16, characterized in that, The type of the organic solvent is isopropanol and absolute ethanol.

19. The compressive film electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total catalyst loading in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer is 0.51 mg·cm -2 , 0.76 mg·cm -2 or 1.02 mg·cm -2 .

20. The compressive film electrode according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The pressure-resistant membrane electrode satisfies one or more of the following conditions: The ion exchange membrane in the ion exchange membrane layer is a perfluorosulfonic acid resin membrane, a hydrocarbon-based ion exchange membrane or an "imidazole-functionalized styrene and vinyl chloride polymer membrane".

21. The compressive film electrode according to claim 20, wherein, The ion exchange membrane in the ion exchange membrane layer is a perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane, a Selemion AMV hydrocarbon-based ion exchange membrane or a Sustainion ion exchange membrane; Among them, the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane is N-11; Among them, the model of the Sustainion ion exchange membrane is X37-50-gradeT.

22. The compressive film electrode according to claim 21, wherein, The model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane is N-112, N-1125, N-113, N-1135, N-114, N-115, N-117 or N-1110.

23. The compressive film electrode according to claim 21, wherein The pressure-resistant membrane electrode sequentially includes: 2 layers of 100-mesh nickel mesh, carbon paper, the first catalyst layer, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane layer, the second catalyst layer, carbon paper and 2 layers of 100-mesh nickel mesh; the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane is N-115.

24. The compressive film electrode according to claim 21, wherein The described compressive membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of titanium mesh with 40 - 60 meshes, 1 layer of nickel mesh with 20 meshes, carbon paper, a first catalyst layer, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane layer, a second catalyst layer, carbon paper, 1 layer of nickel mesh with 20 meshes, and 1 layer of titanium mesh with 40 - 60 meshes; the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane is N - 1110 or N - 114.

25. The compressive film electrode according to claim 21, wherein The described compressive membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of titanium mesh with 80 meshes, 2 layers of nickel mesh with 60 meshes, carbon paper, a first catalyst layer, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane layer, a second catalyst layer, carbon paper, 2 layers of nickel mesh with 60 meshes, and 1 layer of titanium mesh with 80 meshes; the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane is N - 117.

26. The compressive film electrode according to claim 21, wherein The described compressive membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of titanium mesh with 100 meshes, 2 layers of nickel mesh with 40 - 100 meshes, "carbon paper or carbon cloth", a first catalyst layer, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane layer, a second catalyst layer, "carbon paper or carbon cloth", 2 layers of nickel mesh with 40 - 100 meshes, and 1 layer of titanium mesh with 100 meshes; the model of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin NEPEM Nafion membrane is N - 112 or N - 117.

27. The compressive film electrode according to claim 21, wherein The described compressive membrane electrode sequentially includes: 1 layer of titanium mesh with 200 meshes, 2 layers of nickel mesh with 20 - 100 meshes, "carbon paper or carbon cloth", a first catalyst layer, a Sustainion ion exchange membrane layer, a second catalyst layer, "carbon paper or carbon cloth", 2 layers of nickel mesh with 20 - 100 meshes, and 1 layer of titanium mesh with 200 meshes; the model of the Sustainion ion exchange membrane layer is X37 - 50 - gradeT.

28. A method for preparing a compressive film electrode according to any one of claims 1-27, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Spray the catalyst slurries containing the catalysts in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer on both sides of the ion exchange membrane layer or on one side of "the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer" respectively to form the structure of the first catalyst layer - the ion exchange membrane layer - the second catalyst layer, or the structure of the first gas diffusion layer - the first catalyst layer and the second gas diffusion layer - the second catalyst layer; (2) When forming the structure of the first catalyst layer - the ion exchange membrane layer - the second catalyst layer in step (1), add the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer on both sides of the structure of the first catalyst layer - the ion exchange membrane layer - the second catalyst layer respectively to form the membrane electrode A; When forming the structure of the first gas diffusion layer - the first catalyst layer and the second gas diffusion layer - the second catalyst layer in step (1), place the first gas diffusion layer - the first catalyst layer and the second gas diffusion layer - the second catalyst layer on both sides of the ion exchange membrane layer respectively, and make the catalyst layers in the first gas diffusion layer - the first catalyst layer and the second gas diffusion layer - the second catalyst layer contact with the ion exchange membrane layer to form the membrane electrode A; (3) The first support layer and the second support layer are respectively added to both sides of the membrane electrode A described in step (1) to form a compression-resistant membrane electrode.

29. The preparation method of the compressive film electrode according to claim 28, wherein, In step (1), the spraying device is an airbrush; And / or, in step (1), the structure of the catalyst layer - ion exchange membrane layer - catalyst layer and the structure of the gas diffusion layer - catalyst layer are dried and then the membrane electrode A is formed; And / or, in step (2), the method for forming the membrane electrode A is hot pressing; The pressure of the pressing is 2 - 4 MPa; The temperature of the pressing is 50 - 180 °C; The time of the pressing is 1 - 10 min; And / or, in step (3), the method for forming the compression-resistant membrane electrode is roll pressing.

30. The preparation method of the compressive film electrode according to claim 29, characterized in that, The pressure of the pressing is 2 MPa or 4 MPa.

31. The method for preparing a compressive film electrode according to claim 29, wherein The temperature of the pressing is 50 °C, 100 °C or 130 °C.

32. The preparation method of the compressive film electrode according to claim 29, characterized in that, The time of the pressing is 2 min or 5 min.

33. An electrochemical hydrogen pump, which comprises the compression-resistant membrane electrode according to any one of claims 1 - 27.

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