A scanning recognition method and system based on grouped linear gratings

Abstract

This invention discloses a scanning and recognition method and system based on a grouped linear grating, comprising: a moving device, a detection plate, an excitation light source, a grouped linear grating, optical fibers, and a recognition device. A grouped linear grating is formed by arranging one end of multiple optical fibers in a straight line at group intervals; or a grouped linear grating is formed on the end face of a single optical fiber through photolithography or etching. The detection plate is mounted on the moving device and has a matrix of objects to be inspected on it. The relative motion between the grouped linear grating and the detection plate scans the detection plate; light emitted or reflected by the objects to be inspected is collected by the grouped linear grating and transmitted to the recognition device for photoelectric conversion, thereby achieving scanning and recognition of the detection plate. This scanning and recognition method can dynamically and continuously count the objects to be inspected on the detection plate, reducing recognition time, improving detection efficiency, and increasing detection accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of detection technology and to the realization of digital single-molecule scanning, specifically to a scanning and recognition method and system based on grouped straight-line gratings. Background Technology

[0002] Single-molecule detection (SMD) is a rapidly developing ultrasensitive detection technology that refers to the determination and analysis of target analytes at the single-molecule level. It is a novel detection method and has opened up a completely new field of detection. Single-molecule fluorescence detection is the most commonly used method. It reflects biological information such as intermolecular interactions, enzyme activity, reaction kinetics, molecular conformation, DNA and RNA transcription, and protein folding by observing changes in the properties of various fluorescent groups labeled on biological macromolecules. Single-molecule fluorescence detection has unique applications in chemical analysis, biological analysis, nanomaterial analysis, medical diagnostics, forensic analysis, single-cell analysis, and the investigation of molecular dynamics mechanisms, and has had and continues to have a profound impact on the development of many disciplines. Single-molecule fluorescence detection can be divided into three forms: photon burst detection, single-molecule image recording, and single-molecule spectral mapping. Photon burst detection is the simplest, directly measuring the number of photons in the burst. Single-molecule imaging can indicate the position and intensity of molecules in an image, and track and record single molecules in real time. Among them, Quanterix in the United States has developed a Simoa (Single-molecule Array) technology, which is currently the most advanced single-molecule fluorescence detection technology. The sensitivity of this technology is more than 1,000 times that of ELISA technology, and the detection limit reaches fg / mL, realizing the effective detection and quantification of single molecules.

[0003] However, existing Simoa technology relies on counting the number of luminescent analytes in the image after imaging, which places high demands on the imaging equipment and results in slow detection speed, hindering the widespread application of Simoa technology. Therefore, this application employs a grouped linear grating to dynamically and continuously count the luminescent analytes, achieving digital single-molecule scanning, thereby improving detection accuracy, reducing recognition time, and increasing detection efficiency.

[0004] According to the patent search, the following patents are mainly related to this application:

[0005] 1. A Chinese invention patent with application number “202110018302.1”, application date “2021.01.07”, publication number “CN112859256A”, publication date “2021.05.28”, titled “A Grating Coupler Positioning and Measurement Method Based on Image Recognition”, and applicant “Tianjin University”, discloses a grating coupler positioning and measurement method based on image recognition, specifically including the following steps: (1) locating the position coordinates of the grating coupler in the chip design drawing; (2) mapping and matching the chip design drawing with the chip size on the measurement platform to obtain the position coordinates of the grating coupler in the chip on the measurement platform; (3) using program control to move the displacement stage to achieve micron-level positioning of the coupling fiber and the grating coupler; (4) using a spatial scanning method to achieve sub-hundred-nanometer-level positioning of the coupling fiber and the grating coupler, finding the optimal coupling position for chip measurement. However, this patent uses moving the optical fiber to scan the optical signal on the grating coupler point by point, resulting in low detection efficiency.

[0006] 2. A Chinese invention patent with application number "202111571233.3", application date "2021.12.21", publication number "CN114240755A", publication date "2022.03.25", titled "An Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction Method Based on Fiber Bundle Combined with Micro-Scanning Technology", and applicant "Institute of Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences", discloses an image super-resolution reconstruction method based on fiber bundle combined with micro-scanning technology. The method includes a collimating lens, a fiber bundle, a displacement driver, a photodetector, a high-voltage amplifier, and a displacement control and data acquisition device. An object is imaged onto its image-side focal plane by the collimating lens and received by the fiber bundle. The displacement control device generates a voltage signal, which is amplified by the high-voltage amplifier and acts on the displacement driver, thereby causing the fiber bundle array to perform micro-displacement scanning on the image of the target object. By precisely adjusting the system's scanning step size, displacement less than or equal to the diffraction limit of the optical system can be achieved. This invention utilizes the characteristics of fiber bundle core imaging combined with micro-scanning technology to overcome the limitations of target detection and recognition caused by detector pixel size, achieving sub-pixel displacement and compensating for missing cladding information. Furthermore, it employs a photodetector array to rapidly capture light energy information from the fiber bundle output, reducing information loss and enabling large field-of-view ultra-high resolution imaging. However, this patent projects the light signal onto the fiber bundle using convex lens imaging, rather than employing scanning to detect the light signal, resulting in lower detection accuracy.

[0007] 3. Chinese invention patent with application number "200810201668.7", application date "2008.10.23", publication number "CN101387527B", publication date "2010.12.15", title "Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Demodulator and Its Application", applicant "Cao Chungeng", this invention patent relates to a fiber Bragg grating sensor demodulator, which includes a high-power ASE broadband light source, a micro-optomechanical scanning filter system, an optical coupler, a photodetector, a logarithmic amplifier circuit, a signal acquisition, amplification and analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and a digital signal processing system. The high-power ASE broadband light source is connected to the micro-optomechanical scanning filter system, the micro-optomechanical scanning filter system is connected to the optical coupler, the optical coupler is connected to the photodetector, and the photodetector is sequentially connected to the logarithmic amplifier circuit, the signal acquisition, amplification and analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and the digital signal processing system. The accuracy of this invention has been greatly improved. The device, based on micro-optomechanical scanning filtering technology and DSP signal acquisition and processing technology, offers stable and reliable performance with high measurement accuracy. It can remotely read the center reflection wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating, enabling remote real-time reading by the demodulator. For mesh-based sensor systems, engineering implementation is simple and easy. However, this patent uses a fiber Bragg grating sensor for detection, which differs from the scanning and recognition method using grouped straight-line gratings employed in this application. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art by providing a scanning recognition method and system based on grouped straight-line gratings.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: a scanning and recognition method based on a grouped linear grating, wherein the grouped linear grating is composed of multiple light-collecting points arranged in a straight line at group intervals, and the light-collecting points include light-transmitting points or reflective points. An object to be inspected is laid flat on a detection plate. The detection plate is scanned by the relative motion formed by the grouped linear grating and the detection plate. The light emitted or reflected by the object to be inspected is collected by the light-collecting points and transmitted to the recognition device for photoelectric conversion, thereby realizing the scanning and recognition of the detection plate. The grouped linear grating is used to dynamically and continuously count the luminous objects to be inspected, thereby reducing recognition time, improving detection efficiency, and improving detection accuracy. The light-collecting points are square, circular, or elliptical.

[0010] Furthermore, the objects to be inspected are laid out on the detection plate in a matrix distribution, and the spacing between adjacent light-collecting points of the grouped straight-line gratings is the same as the spacing between the object matrix. This ensures that the light-collecting points are aligned with the objects to be inspected, reducing interference caused by misalignment and significantly improving the scanning and recognition accuracy.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple light-collecting points are arranged at intervals along the X-axis of the grating to form a grouped linear grating. Each light-collecting point in the grouped linear grating corresponds to a row of objects to be inspected in the matrix on the detection plate. During the relative movement between the grouped linear grating and the detection plate, the grouped linear grating sequentially scans each row of objects to be inspected in the matrix on the detection plate.

[0012] Furthermore, adjacent light-collecting points are staggered in the direction perpendicular to the grating. The light-collecting points in the grouped straight-line grating correspond to two adjacent rows of objects to be inspected in the matrix on the detection board, so as to increase the distance between adjacent light-collecting points, reduce or avoid light interference between objects to be inspected adjacent to the objects to be inspected pointed to by the light-collecting points, and improve detection accuracy.

[0013] Furthermore, the misalignment distance between adjacent light-collecting points is equal to the spacing between adjacent light-collecting points. This is the same as the spacing of the matrix of objects to be inspected, ensuring that the light-collecting points of the grouped straight-line gratings, arranged in a misaligned manner, correspond to the positions of the objects to be inspected.

[0014] Furthermore, the relative motion direction between the grouped straight-line gratings and the detection plate is perpendicular to the grating direction.

[0015] Furthermore, the light emitted or reflected by the object to be inspected is collected by a grouped linear grating and then transmitted to the identification device via optical fiber. The grouped linear grating is located at one end of the optical fiber, and the identification device is located at the other end. Using optical fiber to transmit optical signals allows for flexible placement of the identification device, making the scanning identification system more compact.

[0016] Furthermore, one end of multiple optical fibers is arranged at intervals along the X-axis of the grating to form a linearly arranged array of light-collecting points, creating a multi-fiber straight-line grating or a multi-fiber staggered grating. Using one end of multiple optical fibers as light-collecting points simplifies the structure of the scanning and recognition system and reduces costs.

[0017] Furthermore, by using photolithography, etching, or coating, grouped light-collecting points are formed on one end face of a single optical fiber, creating a linearly arranged single-fiber grating or a single-fiber staggered grating. Utilizing one end of a single optical fiber to fabricate a grouped linear grating reduces the number of optical fibers and further lowers costs.

[0018] This invention also relates to a scanning and recognition system for implementing the aforementioned scanning and recognition method, comprising a detection plate and an excitation light source, the excitation light source illuminating the detection plate. It further includes a grouped linear grating, an optical fiber, a moving device, and a recognition device. The grouped linear grating is disposed at one end of the optical fiber, and the recognition device is disposed at the other end. The moving device drives the detection plate or the grouped linear grating to move, causing relative motion between the grouped linear grating and the detection plate. The grouped linear grating scans the detection plate, and the obtained optical signal is transmitted to the recognition device through the optical fiber. The recognition device converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, thereby realizing the scanning and recognition of the detection plate. The grouped linear grating is used to dynamically and continuously count the luminous objects to be inspected, thereby reducing recognition time, improving detection efficiency, and increasing detection accuracy.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: It utilizes grouped linear gratings to dynamically and continuously count luminous objects to be inspected, thereby reducing recognition time, improving detection efficiency, and enhancing detection accuracy. Furthermore, using optical fibers to fabricate the grouped linear gratings simplifies the structure of the scanning and recognition system and reduces costs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the scanning and recognition system.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the scanning and recognition system.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the scanning and recognition system.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a front view schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the scanning and recognition system.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the detection board.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a single-fiber straight-line grating in Embodiment 1 of the grouped straight-line gratings.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a single-fiber misaligned grating in Example 2 of the grouped straight-line gratings.

[0027] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a multi-fiber straight-line grating in Embodiment 3 of the grouping straight-line gratings.

[0028] Figure 9 A front view of a multi-fiber straight-line grating in Embodiment 3 of the grouped straight-line gratings.

[0029] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the multi-fiber misaligned grating in Embodiment 4 of the grouping straight-line gratings.

[0030] Figure 11 A front view schematic diagram of a multi-fiber misaligned grating in Embodiment 4 of a grouped straight grating.

[0031] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the scanning and recognition process 1.

[0032] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the scanning and recognition process 2.

[0033] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the scanning and recognition process 3.

[0034] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the scanning and recognition process 4.

[0035] In the diagram: 1—Moving device, 2—Detection plate, 3—Excitation light source, 4—Grouped straight-line grating, 41—Multi-fiber straight-line grating, 42—Multi-fiber misaligned grating, 43—Single-fiber straight-line grating, 44—Single-fiber misaligned grating, 401—Light collection point, 5—Fiber optic cable, 6—Identification device, d—Maximum size of the object to be inspected, K—Matrix spacing of the object to be inspected, L—Spacing between adjacent light collection points, M—Misalignment distance between adjacent light collection points, P—Maximum size of the light collection point, Q—Fiber optic cable diameter, X—Grate direction, Y—Moving direction of the detection plate. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0037] Embodiment 1 of the scanning and recognition system of this application is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a mobile device 1, a detection plate 2, an excitation light source 3, a grouped straight-line grating 4, an optical fiber 5, and an identification device 6.

[0038] The sample to be tested 201 is diluted in a solution and then dispersed and spread evenly on the detection plate 2 or the detection strip. The grouped linear grating 4 is composed of multiple light-collecting points 401 arranged at intervals along the grating direction X. The light-collecting points 401 are square, circular, or elliptical.

[0039] The excitation light source 3 and the grouped linear grating 4 are positioned on the same side of the detection plate 2. The detection plate 2 is mounted on the moving device 1, or the grouped linear grating 4 can be mounted on the moving device 1, creating relative movement between the detection plate 2 or detection strip and the grouped linear grating 4. The light emitted by the excitation light source 3 illuminates the detection plate 2, causing the test object 201, which incorporates a fluorescent marker, to emit light. When the light-collecting point 401 is close to and aligned with the test object 201, the light signal emitted by the test object 201 is collected and transmitted to the identification device 6 via the optical fiber 5. The phototube in the identification device 6 converts the light signal collected by the grouped linear grating 4 into an electrical signal for calculation or remote display.

[0040] To simplify the structure of the detection component, the grouped linear grating 4 can be combined with one end of the optical fiber 5. Multiple optical fibers 5 can be arranged in a linear pattern with grouped intervals to form linearly arranged light-collecting points 401, creating a multi-fiber linear grating 41 or a multi-fiber misaligned grating 42; the fiber diameter Q should be within 0.5 to 1.5 times the maximum size d of the object under inspection. Alternatively, linearly arranged light-collecting points 401 can be formed on the end face of a single optical fiber 5 through photolithography, etching, or coating, creating a single-fiber linear grating 43 or a single-fiber misaligned grating 44; the maximum size P of the light-collecting point should be within 0.5 to 1.5 times the maximum size d of the object under inspection.

[0041] Embodiment 2 of the scanning and recognition system of this application is as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, it includes: a mobile device 1, a detection plate 2, an excitation light source 3, a grouped straight-line grating 4, an optical fiber 5, and an identification device 6.

[0042] To ensure that the light-collecting point 401 is aligned with the object under inspection 201, reducing interference caused by misalignment and improving scanning accuracy, the objects under inspection 201 are pre-arranged in a matrix on the detection plate 2 or detection strip. The number of light-collecting points 401 in the grouped linear grating 4 is greater than or equal to the number of columns in the matrix of objects under inspection 201 on the detection plate 2, ensuring that each object under inspection 201 in each row has a corresponding light-collecting point 401. The maximum size of the light-collecting point 401 should be within the range of 0.5 to 1.5 times the maximum size d of the object under inspection, making the size of the light-collecting point 401 comparable to the size of the object under inspection 201. When the light-collecting point 401 is close to and aligned with the object under inspection 201, it ensures that the light signal collected by the light-collecting point 401 is the light signal emitted by the aligned object under inspection 201, avoiding interference from the light signals emitted by surrounding objects under inspection 201, and improving the accuracy and precision of scanning recognition. Therefore, the grouped straight-line grating 4 cannot use a strip grating, but rather a square, round, or elliptical one, in order to prevent the light emitted by the objects 201 around the object 201 being aligned with the light-collecting point 401 from entering the light-collecting point 401 and interfering with the detection accuracy.

[0043] Detection plate 2 or detection strip, such as Figure 5 As shown, the test samples 201 are arranged in a matrix on the detection plate 2, with a matrix spacing of K. The test samples 201 include various analyte molecules for chemical analysis, protein analysis, nucleic acid analysis, cell analysis, exosome analysis, circulating tumor cell analysis, and nanomaterial analysis, and can be used in precision medicine, forensic identification, food safety, and environmental protection. Some test samples 201 are bound to fluorescent markers. When light emitted from the excitation light source 3 irradiates the test samples 201, the fluorescent markers on the test samples 201 are excited and emit fluorescence.

[0044] The single-fiber straight-line grating of Example 1 is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the grouped straight-line grating 4 adopts a single-fiber straight-line grating 43, which forms light-collecting points 401 arranged in a straight line along the grating direction X by photolithography, etching or coating at one end of a single fiber 5. The distance L between adjacent light-collecting points is the same as the distance K between the matrix of objects to be inspected, or √2 times the distance K between the matrix of objects to be inspected.

[0045] The single-fiber misaligned grating in Example 2 of the grouped straight-line grating is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the grouped straight-line grating 4 uses a single-fiber staggered grating 44, which forms light-collecting points 401 staggered along the grating direction X at one end of a single fiber 5 through photolithography, etching, or coating. The spacing L between adjacent light-collecting points is the same as the spacing K of the object matrix, and the stagger distance M between adjacent light-collecting points is the same as or an integer multiple of the spacing K of the object matrix. This makes the light-collecting points 401 of the single-fiber staggered grating 44 correspond to the two rows of objects 201 on the detection plate 2.

[0046] Grouped linear gratings Example 3: Multi-fiber linear gratings, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the grouped straight-line grating 4 uses a multi-fiber straight-line grating 41, where one end of the fiber 5 serves as a light-collecting point 401, and the ends of multiple fibers 5 are arranged in a straight line with a spacing of L along the grating direction X. The spacing L between adjacent light-collecting points is the same as the spacing K of the object matrix, or √2 times the spacing K of the object matrix. The fluorescence on the object 201 is collected by one end of the fiber 5, transmitted through the fiber 5 to the other end, and converted into an electrical signal by the phototube in the identification device 6.

[0047] Example 4 of grouped straight-line gratings: multi-fiber misaligned grating. Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the grouped straight-line grating 4 employs a multi-fiber staggered grating 42, in which one end of multiple optical fibers 5 is arranged at intervals along the grating direction X, while the ends of adjacent optical fibers 5 are staggered perpendicular to the grating direction X. The spacing L between adjacent light-collecting points is the same as the spacing K of the object matrix, and the stagger distance M between adjacent light-collecting points is the same as or an integer multiple of the object matrix spacing K. This ensures that one end of the optical fiber 5 of the multi-fiber staggered grating 42, i.e., the light-collecting point 401 of the multi-fiber staggered grating 42, corresponds to two rows of objects 201 on the detection plate 2. This staggered arrangement increases the distance between adjacent light-collecting points 401, thereby reducing or avoiding light interference between adjacent objects 201 aligned with the light-collecting point 401, and improving detection accuracy.

[0048] The scanning and recognition method for grouped linear gratings in this application involves the scanning and recognition process as follows: 1. Figure 12As shown, the sample 201 is diluted in a solution and then dispersed and spread evenly on the detection plate 2. The moving device 1 drives the detection plate 2 to move relative to the grouped linear grating 4. At the same time, the light emitted by the excitation light source 3 illuminates the detection plate 2 or the detection strip, exciting the sample 201, which has a fluorescent marker attached to it, to emit light. The light-collecting point 401 on the multi-fiber linear grating 41 or the single-fiber linear grating 43 scans the sample 201 spread evenly on the detection plate 2. The light-collecting point 401 collects the light signal emitted by the sample 201 and transmits it to the identification device 6 through the optical fiber 5. The phototube in the identification device 6 converts the light signal collected by the grouped linear grating 4 into an electrical signal for counting.

[0049] The scanning and recognition method for grouped linear gratings in this application includes the scanning and recognition process as follows: 2. Figure 13 As shown, the moving device 1 drives the detection plate 2 to move relative to the grouped linear grating 4. The light-collecting points 401 on the multi-fiber linear grating 41 or the single-fiber linear grating 43 correspond to the positions of the test objects 201 arranged in a matrix on the detection plate 2. At the same time, the light emitted by the excitation light source 3 illuminates the detection plate 2, and the test objects 201 with fluorescent markers in the excited part emit light. When the light-collecting point 401 is aligned with the first row of test objects 201, the light signal emitted by the luminous test objects 201 in the first row is collected and transmitted to the identification device 6 through the optical fiber 5. The photosensitive tube in the identification device 6 converts the light signal collected by the grouped linear grating 4 into an electrical signal for counting. During the relative movement between the detection plate 2 and the grouped straight-line grating 4, the light-collecting points 401 on the multi-fiber straight-line grating 41 or the single-fiber straight-line grating 43 sequentially collect the light signals emitted by each row of objects to be inspected 201 on the detection plate 2, and count the number of objects to be inspected 201 emitting light in the detection plate 2, thereby realizing dynamic and continuous counting of objects to be inspected 201, so as to improve detection accuracy, reduce recognition time and improve detection efficiency.

[0050] The scanning and recognition method for grouped linear gratings in this application involves the scanning and recognition process as follows: 3. Figure 14 As shown, the X-direction of the grating forms a 45° angle with the Y-direction of the detection plate movement. At this time, the distance between adjacent light-collecting points L = √2 × the distance between the matrix of objects to be inspected K, so that each light-collecting point 401 on the multi-fiber straight-line grating 41 or the single-fiber straight-line grating 43 corresponds to each object to be inspected 201 in the 45° direction of the matrix of objects to be inspected 201 on the detection plate 2. During the relative movement between the detection plate 2 and the grouped straight-line grating 4, the light-collecting points 401 on the multi-fiber straight-line grating 41 or the single-fiber straight-line grating 43 sequentially collect the light signals emitted by each column of objects to be inspected 201 on the detection plate 2, and count the number of emitting objects to be inspected 201 in the detection plate 2, thereby achieving dynamic and continuous counting of the objects to be inspected 201. This detection method can increase the distance between adjacent light-collecting points 401, reduce or avoid light interference between adjacent objects to be inspected 201 aligned with the light-collecting point 401, and improve detection accuracy.

[0051] The scanning and recognition method for grouped linear gratings in this application involves the scanning and recognition process as follows: 4. Figure 15 As shown, the grouped straight-line grating 4 uses a multi-fiber misaligned grating 42 or a single-fiber misaligned grating 44. The light-collecting points 401 in the multi-fiber misaligned grating 42 or the single-fiber misaligned grating 44 correspond to the positions of the two rows of objects to be inspected 201 arranged in a matrix on the detection plate 2. When the light-collecting point 401 in the front position is aligned with half of the first row of objects to be inspected 201, it will collect the light signal from half of the first row of objects to be inspected 201 and transmit it to the identification device 6 through the optical fiber 5; when the light-collecting point 401 in the front position is aligned with half of the second row of objects to be inspected 201, the light-collecting point 401 in the back position will be aligned with the other half of the first row of objects to be inspected 201 that has not yet been scanned. During the relative movement between the detection plate 2 and the grouped straight-line grating 4, the light-collecting points 401 on the multi-fiber misaligned grating 42 or the single-fiber misaligned grating 44 can sequentially collect the light signals emitted by each row of objects to be inspected 201 on the detection plate 2, and count the number of emitting objects to be inspected 201 in the detection plate 2, thereby realizing dynamic and continuous counting of objects to be inspected 201. The light-collecting points 401 in the multi-fiber misaligned grating 42 or the single-fiber misaligned grating 44 correspond to two adjacent rows of objects to be inspected 201 in the matrix on the detection plate 2, so as to increase the distance between adjacent light-collecting points 401, reduce or avoid light interference between objects to be inspected 201 adjacent to the object to be inspected 201 aligned with the light-collecting point 401, and improve detection accuracy.

[0052] In summary, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: It utilizes grouped linear gratings to dynamically and continuously count luminous objects to be inspected, thereby reducing recognition time, improving detection efficiency, and enhancing detection accuracy. Furthermore, using optical fibers to fabricate the grouped linear gratings simplifies the structure of the scanning and recognition system and reduces costs.

[0053] The above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the protection scope of the invention, which should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A scanning and recognition method based on a grouped linear grating, wherein the grouped linear grating (4) is composed of multiple light-collecting points (401) arranged in a straight line at grouping intervals, and the light-collecting points (401) include light-transmitting points or light-reflecting points; an object to be inspected (201) is laid flat on a detection plate (2), and the object to be inspected (201) is laid flat on the detection plate (2) in a matrix distribution manner; the relative motion formed by the grouped linear grating (4) and the detection plate (2) is used to scan the detection plate (2); the light emitted or reflected by the object to be inspected (201) is collected by the light-collecting points (401) and transmitted to the recognition device (6) for photoelectric conversion, thereby realizing the scanning and recognition of the detection plate (2); characterized in that: A single fiber (5) is formed by photolithography, etching or coating to create a linear array of light-collecting points (401) arranged in a grouped manner, forming a single fiber straight-line grating (43) or a single fiber misaligned grating (44). The spacing (L) between adjacent light-collecting points (401) of the grouped straight-line grating (4) is the same as the spacing (K) of the matrix of objects to be inspected. The number of light-collecting points (401) of the grouped straight-line grating (4) is greater than or equal to the number of columns in the matrix of objects to be inspected (201) on the detection plate (2), so that each object to be inspected (201) in each row has a corresponding light-collecting point (401). The maximum size (P) of the light-collecting point (401) is within the range of 0.5 to 1.5 times the maximum size (d) of the object to be inspected (d), so that the size of the light-collecting point (401) is comparable to the size of the object to be inspected (201).

2. The scanning and recognition method based on grouped linear gratings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adjacent light-collecting points (401) are staggered in the direction perpendicular to the grating (X).

3. The scanning and recognition method based on grouped linear gratings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The offset distance (M) between adjacent lighting points is equal to the distance (L) between adjacent lighting points.

4. The scanning and recognition method based on grouped linear gratings according to claim 3, characterized in that: The relative motion direction (Y) of the grouped straight grating (4) and the detection plate (2) is perpendicular to the grating direction (X).

5. The scanning and recognition method based on grouped linear gratings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The light emitted or reflected by the object to be inspected (201) is collected by the grouped straight grating (4) and then transmitted to the identification device (6) through the optical fiber (5); the grouped straight grating (4) is set at one end of the optical fiber (5) and the identification device (6) is set at the other end of the optical fiber (5).

6. A scanning and recognition system for implementing the scanning and recognition method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a detection plate (2) and an excitation light source (3), wherein the excitation light source (3) irradiates the detection plate (2), characterized in that: It also includes a grouped straight-line grating (4), an optical fiber (5), a moving device (1) and an identification device (6). The grouped straight-line grating (4) is set at one end of the optical fiber (5), and the identification device (6) is set at the other end of the optical fiber (5). The moving device (1) drives the detection plate (2) or the grouped straight-line grating (4) to move, so that the grouped straight-line grating (4) and the detection plate (2) form relative motion. The grouped straight-line grating (4) scans the detection plate (2), and the light signal obtained by scanning is transmitted to the identification device (6) through the optical fiber (5). The identification device (6) converts the light signal into an electrical signal, thereby realizing the scanning and identification of the detection plate (2).

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