Water surface floating power station and control method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a floating power station on the water surface and a control method, which belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation. The method is as follows: obtaining the power generation corresponding to different array azimuths of the floating power station on the water surface at different times in a preset time period; determining the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation in each preset time period according to the power generation corresponding to different array azimuths at different times; in different preset time periods, controlling the floating photovoltaic array of the floating power station on the water surface to rotate as a whole according to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation, so as to adjust the floating photovoltaic array to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation. Specifically, the floating array is set as a whole, the array azimuth under the maximum power generation at different times of illumination is calculated, and the time is segmented, and different array azimuths are used to track the illumination in different time periods, so that the floating power station on the water surface can obtain the maximum power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a water surface floating power station and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, the floating power station on the water surface is a typical scenario for the application of photovoltaic power stations on the water surface. Its characteristics are that there is no pile foundation, the photovoltaic modules are fixed on the floating body, and the photovoltaic array floats on the water surface as a whole. For the existing floating power stations on the water surface (northern hemisphere), their photovoltaic modules are basically installed in a fixed south inclination, and do not track the light, resulting in the inability to achieve the maximum power generation. However, if the tracking system of the ground power station is referred to, setting up a module tracking system on the floating body will be difficult to apply due to factors such as unstable water level fluctuations, heavy loads and high costs. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a water surface floating power station and a control method, aiming to solve the technical problem of low power generation of water surface floating power stations in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a control method for a floating power station on a water surface, the control method for a floating power station on a water surface comprising:

[0005] Obtaining the power generation corresponding to different array azimuth angles of the floating power station at different times in a preset time period;

[0006] According to the power generation corresponding to different array azimuths at different times, determine the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation in each preset time period;

[0007] In different preset time periods, the floating photovoltaic array of the water surface floating power station is controlled to rotate as a whole according to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation, so as to adjust the floating photovoltaic array to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation.

[0008] Optionally, the preset time period is one day, or a preset number of consecutive months.

[0009] Optionally, when the preset time period is one day, after the step of determining the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation in the preset time period, the method further comprises:

[0010] Determine the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation at different time periods of the day;

[0011] Determine the linear time period and the reciprocating time period according to the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation and the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation;

[0012] Wherein, in the linear time period, the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation is the same as the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation;

[0013] In the reciprocating time period, the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation and the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation are different.

[0014] Optionally, the step of controlling the entire floating photovoltaic array of the water surface floating power station to rotate according to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation in different time periods includes:

[0015] In the linear time period, the azimuth of the floating photovoltaic array is linearly adjusted according to the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation or the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation;

[0016] During the reciprocating time period, the azimuth angle of the floating photovoltaic array is reciprocated according to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation.

[0017] Optionally, the step of adjusting the floating photovoltaic array to an array azimuth angle corresponding to maximum power generation includes:

[0018] Determine a step length for adjusting the azimuth of the array, and gradually adjust the azimuth of the array with the step length in different time periods;

[0019] Alternatively, a target time period corresponding to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation is determined, and the floating photovoltaic array is controlled to be fixed to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation within the target time period;

[0020] Alternatively, the array azimuth is gradually adjusted with the step size in a linear time period, and the floating photovoltaic array is controlled to be fixed at an array azimuth corresponding to a maximum power generation in a reciprocating time period.

[0021] Optionally, the control method of the water surface floating power station further includes:

[0022] After the light tracking in the preset time period is completed, the array azimuth is automatically reset to the initial azimuth of the floating power station on the water surface.

[0023] Optionally, the control method of the water surface floating power station further includes:

[0024] Determining the maximum adjustable angle range of the water surface floating power station;

[0025] If it is determined that the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation in each time period exceeds the actual boundary angle of the maximum adjustable angle range, the light is tracked according to the actual boundary angle.

[0026] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also provides a water surface floating power station, which comprises: a floating photovoltaic array, an array driving mechanism, an angle collection unit and a controller;

[0027] The controller controls the array driving mechanism to rotate the floating photovoltaic array of the water surface floating power station as a whole according to the array azimuth angle of the floating photovoltaic array collected by the angle collection unit, so as to adjust the floating photovoltaic array to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation.

[0028] Optionally, the floating photovoltaic array includes a floating support and a photovoltaic module arranged on the floating support.

[0029] Optionally, the array driving mechanism includes a traction mechanism in the length or width direction of the floating photovoltaic array, and a traction rope matching the traction mechanism;

[0030] The two ends of the traction rope are fixedly connected to the two ends of the floating photovoltaic array in the length or width direction;

[0031] The two traction mechanisms rotate in the same direction and pull the traction ropes at the same time to adjust the array azimuth angle of the floating photovoltaic array.

[0032] Optionally, the angle acquisition unit is an angle sensor or a GPS positioning device.

[0033] Optionally, the controller includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the control method of the water surface floating power station as described above.

[0034] A floating power station on a water surface and a control method are proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the power generation corresponding to different array azimuth angles of the floating power station on the water surface at different times in a preset time period; determining the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation in each preset time period according to the power generation corresponding to different array azimuth angles at different times; and controlling the floating photovoltaic array of the floating power station on the water surface to rotate as a whole according to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation in different preset time periods, so as to adjust the floating photovoltaic array to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation.

[0035] This embodiment proposes a control method for adjusting the azimuth angle of the array in sections to improve the power generation of the floating power station on the water surface. Specifically, the floating array is set as a whole, the azimuth angle of the array under the maximum power generation at different times of illumination is calculated, and the time is segmented, and different array azimuth angles are used in different time periods to track the illumination, so that the floating power station on the water surface can obtain the maximum power generation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the operating device of the hardware operating environment involved in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of an embodiment of a control method of a floating power station on a water surface according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the projection of the sun's light on the ground at a certain moment;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the orientation setting of a photovoltaic array of a conventional floating power station according to an embodiment of a control method of a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the posture of a photovoltaic array according to an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a maximum irradiation azimuth angle variation trajectory of an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of photovoltaic array shielding according to an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic array after rotation according to an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention;

[0044] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of actual power curves at different array azimuth angles according to an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the change trajectory of the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation of an embodiment of a control method of a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of adjusting the azimuth angle of an array by an array driving mechanism according to an embodiment of a control method of a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of segmented strategy tracking of an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface according to the present invention;

[0048] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic array under different angles of a segmentation strategy according to an embodiment of a control method of a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a power curve under a segmented strategy of an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface according to the present invention;

[0050] Fig.15It is a schematic diagram of the change of the azimuth angle of the array with a fixed adjustment number in an embodiment of a control method of a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention;

[0051] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of a power curve with a fixed adjustment number of times according to an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention;

[0052] Fig.17 A schematic diagram of the comprehensive change of the azimuth angle of the array according to an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention;

[0053] Fig.18 A system schematic diagram of an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface according to the present invention.

[0054] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0056] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the operating equipment of the hardware operating environment involved in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, the operating device may include: a processor 1001, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a communication bus 1002, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a memory 1005. Among them, the communication bus 1002 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen (Display), an input unit such as a keyboard (Keyboard), and the optional user interface 1003 may also include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface (such as a wireless fidelity (WIreless-FIdelity, WI-FI) interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) memory, or a stable non-volatile memory (Non-Volatile Memory, NVM), such as a disk memory. The memory 1005 may also be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001.

[0058] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 1The structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the operating device, and may include more or less components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the memory 1005 as a storage medium may include an operating system, a data storage module, a network communication module, a user interface module and a computer program.

[0060] exist Figure 1 In the running device shown, the network interface 1004 is mainly used for data communication with other devices; the user interface 1003 is mainly used for data interaction with the user; the processor 1001 and the memory 1005 in the running device of the present invention can be set in the running device, and the running device calls the computer program stored in the memory 1005 through the processor 1001, and performs the following operations:

[0061] Obtaining the power generation corresponding to different array azimuth angles of the floating power station at different times in a preset time period;

[0062] According to the power generation corresponding to different array azimuths at different times, determine the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation in each preset time period;

[0063] In different preset time periods, the floating photovoltaic array of the water surface floating power station is controlled to rotate as a whole according to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation, so as to adjust the floating photovoltaic array to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation.

[0064] Further, the processor 1001 may call the computer program stored in the memory 1005 and perform the following operations:

[0065] The preset time period is one day, or a preset number of consecutive months.

[0066] Further, the processor 1001 may call the computer program stored in the memory 1005 and perform the following operations:

[0067] When the preset time period is one day, after the step of determining the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation in the preset time period, the method further comprises:

[0068] Determine the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation at different time periods of the day;

[0069] Determine the linear time period and the reciprocating time period according to the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation and the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation;

[0070] Wherein, in the linear time period, the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation is the same as the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation;

[0071] In the reciprocating time period, the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation and the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation are different.

[0072] Further, the processor 1001 may call the computer program stored in the memory 1005 and perform the following operations:

[0073] The step of controlling the floating photovoltaic array of the water surface floating power station to rotate as a whole according to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation in different time periods includes:

[0074] In the linear time period, the azimuth of the floating photovoltaic array is linearly adjusted according to the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation or the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation;

[0075] During the reciprocating time period, the azimuth angle of the floating photovoltaic array is reciprocated according to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation.

[0076] Further, the processor 1001 may call the computer program stored in the memory 1005 and perform the following operations:

[0077] The step of adjusting the floating photovoltaic array to an array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation comprises:

[0078] Determine a step length for adjusting the azimuth of the array, and gradually adjust the azimuth of the array with the step length in different time periods;

[0079] Alternatively, a target time period corresponding to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation is determined, and the floating photovoltaic array is controlled to be fixed to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation within the target time period;

[0080] Alternatively, the array azimuth is gradually adjusted with the step size in a linear time period, and the floating photovoltaic array is controlled to be fixed at an array azimuth corresponding to a maximum power generation in a reciprocating time period.

[0081] Further, the processor 1001 may call the computer program stored in the memory 1005 and perform the following operations:

[0082] The control method of the water surface floating power station also includes:

[0083] After the light tracking in the preset time period is completed, the array azimuth is automatically reset to the initial azimuth of the floating power station on the water surface.

[0084] Further, the processor 1001 may call the computer program stored in the memory 1005 and perform the following operations:

[0085] The control method of the water surface floating power station also includes:

[0086] Determining the maximum adjustable angle range of the water surface floating power station;

[0087] If it is determined that the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation in each time period exceeds the actual boundary angle of the maximum adjustable angle range, the light is tracked according to the actual boundary angle.

[0088] The embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for a floating power station on a water surface, referring to Figure 2 , Figure 2 It is a flow chart of a first embodiment of a control method of a floating power station on a water surface according to the present invention.

[0089] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the projection of the sun's light on the ground at a certain moment. Figure 3 In the figure, FO represents light, and the angle θ (∠DOF) it forms on the OADE plane is called the solar altitude angle. Throughout the year, the sun shuttles between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, forming different altitude angles. At the same time, the projection OD of FO on the OADE plane and the angle β (∠DOA) formed with OA are called the solar azimuth angle. Taking the earth as a reference, in a day, it can be considered that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, and the solar azimuth angle changes from 0° to 180° on the OADE plane. These two angles will affect the inclination design of the photovoltaic components in the east-west and north-south directions respectively. For the north-south direction, in order to maximize the power generation, the plane of the component should be perpendicular to the light in the altitude angle direction as much as possible. As for the solar azimuth angle, since it changes all the time during the day, in the absence of a tracking system, the conventional design is to set it directly due south (corresponding to a solar azimuth angle of 90°). If it is a flat single axis, the azimuth angle can also be dynamically tracked within the range of ±60°.

[0090] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the orientation setting of the photovoltaic array of a conventional floating power station in accordance with an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention. In a typical application scenario of a floating power station on a water surface, Figure 3 The photovoltaic array given adopts a fixed south inclination method, that is, each photovoltaic module has an inclination angle in the north-south direction, such as 15°, but 0° in the east-west direction. Considering that the array formed by the photovoltaic modules and the floating body is a whole, and it can move when floating on the water, the azimuth of the floating array can be changed as a whole (the angle of rotating the photovoltaic array) to achieve power generation tracking.

[0091] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic array posture according to an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention. Figure 5 The simplest conventional method in the prior art for achieving power generation tracking by changing the azimuth of the floating array as a whole is given: in the morning, the azimuth of the photovoltaic array is deflected to the east, in the noon period, it faces the south, and in the afternoon, the azimuth of the photovoltaic array is deflected to the west.

[0092] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the maximum irradiation azimuth angle variation trajectory of an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface according to the present invention. Figure 5 The conventional method of calculating the azimuth of the photovoltaic array by the maximum irradiation method is as follows: Figure 6 The α in the figure represents the azimuth of the photovoltaic array) will show a continuous linear change. The general process is that at 7 o'clock in the morning, the azimuth is towards the -60° position. As time goes by, it slowly deflects to the south, then slowly turns to the west, and finally stops at this position after sunset. The actual azimuth of the photovoltaic array can be captured by a preset angle sensor, or the azimuth can be obtained by using GPS positioning and calculating the coordinates between the two points. Using GPS positioning, two points can be collected at the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the photovoltaic array, and the first straight line can be obtained by connecting them. After rotating the photovoltaic array, the positions of the two points after the changes are obtained, and the second straight line is obtained by connecting them. The angle between the first straight line and the second straight line is used as the actual azimuth of the photovoltaic array.

[0093] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 7 The following is a schematic diagram of photovoltaic array shielding according to an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention. Figure 4 , 5 , 6 are theoretical situations. In theory, it is assumed that the distance between photovoltaic modules is large and there is no obstruction, and the maximum irradiation basically corresponds to the maximum power generation. But in fact, because the azimuth of the sun is relatively low in the morning and evening, when the photovoltaic modules are facing the azimuth of the sun, the obstruction between the front and rear rows of photovoltaic modules is relatively serious. At this time, although the irradiation perpendicular to the azimuth of the sun is large, the power generation will not reach the maximum. That is, at certain times, especially in the morning and evening, the maximum irradiation angle perpendicular to the azimuth of the sun does not represent the angle equivalent to the maximum power generation. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, taking 9 o'clock in the morning as an example, assuming that the maximum irradiation angle corresponding to the sun's position at this time is -60°, only the first row of components can receive all the light, and other components will suffer great losses due to the shading of the front row. Therefore, simply facing the sun to obtain the maximum irradiation does not mean that the maximum power generation can be obtained, because when the solar altitude angle is low, the shadow loss of the front and rear components facing the sun is large, and the power generation is reduced.

[0094] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic array after rotation in an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention. If the azimuth of the photovoltaic array is adjusted to the south, the direct sunlight received by the photovoltaic modules will naturally decrease, but the loss of a large number of photovoltaic modules in the rear row being blocked will also be reduced. Ultimately, the two parts of power generation need to be combined for calculation.

[0095] Reference Fig. 9 , Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of actual power curves at different array azimuths according to an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention. In order to further analyze the relationship between power generation and array azimuth, according to the above scenario, several typical azimuth power curves at different times are simulated, and the results are as follows: Fig. 9 As shown. Fig. 9 Looking at the curve from the middle to both sides, the azimuth power at 0° is the largest during the noon period of 11:00-13:00, the azimuth power at -30° is the largest during the noon period of 9:00-11:00, and the azimuth power at -45° is the largest during the morning period of 8:00-9:00. However, during the morning period of 7:00-8:00, it does not evolve in the direction of -60°, but returns to the azimuth of -30°, where the power is the largest. The afternoon part is symmetrical and will not be described one by one. From this, it can be seen that as the time of the day changes, the azimuth of the array does not change linearly with continuous increase and decrease, but there is a turning point.

[0096] Reference Fig.10 , Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the change trajectory of the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation of an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention. After calculating the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation at different times of the day, it is plotted according to the time series, and its change trajectory is as follows: Fig.10 It can be seen that around noon, the azimuths of maximum irradiation and maximum power generation are basically the same, while in the morning and evening, the azimuth has a reciprocating process and is not always facing the sun.

[0097] Therefore, in this embodiment, the control method of the water surface floating power station includes:

[0098] Step S10: obtaining the power generation corresponding to different array azimuth angles of the floating power station at different times in a preset time period.

[0099] Step S20: According to the power generation corresponding to different array azimuth angles at different times, determine the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation in each preset time period.

[0100] Step S30: In different preset time periods, the floating photovoltaic array of the water surface floating power station is controlled to rotate as a whole according to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation, so as to adjust the floating photovoltaic array to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation.

[0101] Optionally, the preset time period is one day, or a preset number of consecutive months.

[0102] According to meteorological and other data, the array azimuth settings and strategies for the next day can be updated every day. Adjust from the step value per minute to a fixed number of adjustments per hour according to the same array azimuth. In order to reduce the number of adjustments, the time scale can be further enlarged. It can be adjusted on a monthly basis (or for 2 consecutive months, 3 months, etc.), that is, the time-angle sequence is updated once a month, and the same set of adjustment strategies and angles are fixed within a month. Within the selected one-month long period, it is also necessary to optimize and set the angle of the array azimuth based on the maximum power generation of a month. The control method for the preset time period of one day or a preset number of consecutive months is the same. In this embodiment, the preset time period is one day for example.

[0103] Can be obtained from Figure 8 The power generation of the floating power station at different times of the day and different array azimuths is obtained, and the following is determined: Fig.10 The array azimuth angle (solid line curve) corresponding to the maximum power generation in different time periods is shown, so that the floating power station on the water surface can track the light according to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation in different time periods. Fig. 9 , the present invention refers to Fig. 9 The power in is the largest, that is Fig. 9 The azimuth angle of the array is controlled by maximizing the area enclosed by the power curves.

[0104] Reference Fig.11 , Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of adjusting the azimuth angle of an array driving mechanism of an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface according to the present invention. The array driving mechanism may be a Fig.11 The traction mechanism shown. Specifically, a set of traction ropes are set on both sides of the photovoltaic array, and the traction is performed simultaneously to achieve the angle adjustment of the array azimuth. In addition, in order to facilitate rotation and reduce the load of the array drive mechanism, the capacity of the photovoltaic array can be planned in advance.

[0105] In this embodiment, the power generation corresponding to different array azimuths of the floating power station on the water surface at different times in a preset time period is obtained; based on the power generation corresponding to different array azimuths at different times, the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation in each preset time period is determined; in different preset time periods, the floating photovoltaic array of the floating power station on the water surface is controlled to rotate as a whole according to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation, so as to adjust the floating photovoltaic array to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation.

[0106] This embodiment proposes a control method for adjusting the azimuth angle of the array in sections to improve the power generation of the floating power station on the water surface. Specifically, the floating array is set as a whole, the azimuth angle of the array under the maximum power generation at different times of illumination is calculated, and the time is segmented, and different array azimuth angles are used in different time periods to track the illumination, so that the floating power station on the water surface can obtain the maximum power generation.

[0107] Optionally, when the preset time period is one day, after the step of determining the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation in the preset time period, the method further comprises:

[0108] Determine the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation at different time periods of the day;

[0109] Determine the linear time period and the reciprocating time period according to the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation and the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation;

[0110] Wherein, in the linear time period, the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation is the same as the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation;

[0111] In the reciprocating time period, the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation and the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation are different.

[0112] Optionally, the step of controlling the entire floating photovoltaic array of the water surface floating power station to rotate according to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation in different time periods includes:

[0113] In the linear time period, the azimuth of the floating photovoltaic array is linearly adjusted according to the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation or the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation;

[0114] During the reciprocating time period, the azimuth angle of the floating photovoltaic array is reciprocated according to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation.

[0115] Optionally, the step of adjusting the floating photovoltaic array to an array azimuth angle corresponding to maximum power generation includes:

[0116] Determine a step length for adjusting the azimuth of the array, and gradually adjust the azimuth of the array with the step length in different time periods;

[0117] Alternatively, a target time period corresponding to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation is determined, and the floating photovoltaic array is controlled to be fixed to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation within the target time period;

[0118] Alternatively, the array azimuth is gradually adjusted with the step size in a linear time period, and the floating photovoltaic array is controlled to be fixed at an array azimuth corresponding to a maximum power generation in a reciprocating time period.

[0119] Reference Fig.12 , Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of a segmented strategy tracking method according to an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention. Fig.13 , Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic array under different angles of a segmentation strategy according to an embodiment of a control method of a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention. Fig.14 , Fig.14 The power curve diagram of an embodiment of a control method of a floating power station on a water surface under a segmented strategy of the present invention is shown.

[0120] In this embodiment, when the accuracy requirement is high, the best corresponding relationship of [time-azimuth] with the maximum power generation can be obtained according to the power generation measurement. First, the turning time and angle of the segment are determined. Fig.10 , determine the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation in different time periods (such as Fig.10 The azimuth of the irradiation and the azimuth of the array corresponding to the maximum power generation (as shown in the dashed line in Fig.10 In the linear time period where the irradiation azimuth and the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation are equal (the part where the solid line and the dotted line overlap), the target azimuth is taken as the irradiation azimuth or the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation. In the reciprocating time period where the irradiation azimuth and the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation are not equal (the part where the solid line and the dotted line are separated), the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation is taken as the target azimuth. In different time periods, the light is tracked according to the target azimuth.

[0121] When the accuracy requirement is low, in the morning period, find (starting time t0, starting angle α0) and another time with the same starting angle (time t1, starting angle α0), that is, Fig.12 Points A and B in the figure. During this time interval, the angle is adjusted by reciprocating tracking, that is, the angle is gradually increased from the current position, then gradually reduced, and reset to the starting angle to reduce the impact of shadow on power generation. Outside this time, the conventional maximum irradiation method is used to track linear changes, which is simple and direct. Fig.12 The morning part is indicated in the figure, and the afternoon period is the same, so I will not go into details.

[0122] Using the above tracking measurement strategy, the power generation curve effect is as follows: Fig.14 As shown: In the reciprocating tracking interval, a larger power curve can be obtained, while in the normal tracking interval, it is the maximum power envelope at different angles. At this time, the overall power generation is the largest. In the three segments, each interval is adjusted dynamically in real time.

[0123] Reference Fig.15 , Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the change of the azimuth angle of the array with a fixed adjustment number of an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention. Fig.16 , Fig.16 A schematic diagram of a power curve with a fixed adjustment number according to an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention.

[0124] In this embodiment, the minimum step size of the adjustment is determined by the actual achievable step size. In theory, the smaller the step size, the more precise the tracking, but the number of adjustments will also be large. Another way is to simplify the tracking steps and adjust a fixed preset number of times every day, such as setting seven adjustments a day, corresponding to 7 angles. This setting sacrifices part of the power generation, but reduces the number and complexity of the array azimuth adjustment.

[0125] At this time, in order to ensure a good power generation under a fixed number of adjustments, the azimuth angle of the array is not arbitrary, but needs to be set optimally.

[0126] Reference Fig. 9 , determine the target time period when the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation at different times of the day is the same, and track the light at the same array azimuth corresponding to the target time period in each target time period. Instead of changing the array azimuth by step size and tracking the light at a constantly changing angle, refer to Fig.15 By tracking the light at the same array azimuth during the target time period, the number and complexity of adjusting the photovoltaic array can be reduced, and the final power generation can be obtained as follows: Fig.16 shown.

[0127] The details are as follows: calculate all power generation data at different times in different array azimuths during the day, then sort them and find the time combination and corresponding angle for maximum power generation. For example, we finally get [(7:00-8:00), -30°], [(8:00-9:00), -45°], [(9:00-10:00), -30°], [(10:00-14:00), 0°], [(14:00-15:00), 30°], [(15:00-16:00), 45°], [(16:00-17:00), 30°]. Fig. 9As shown, the array azimuth corresponding to the power generation at a certain moment is not used as the standard. Otherwise, in the (7:00-8:00) time period, the power generation at 8:00 is obviously the largest, but the array azimuth corresponding to the power generation at 7:00 is still used as the array azimuth for the entire (7:00-8:00) time period. Instead, the area enclosed by the curve and the maximum total power generation in the (7:00-8:00) time period are used as the standard to determine the array azimuth for the (7:00-8:00) time period. In the (7:00-8:00) time period, the total power generation corresponding to -45° is the largest, so -45° is used as the array azimuth for this time period.

[0128] These 7 time-angle sequences are optimal and have the largest power generation in their respective target time periods. Then, tracking can be performed with reference to these time and angles. Similarly, between 7:00 and 10:00, the reciprocating tracking method is still used.

[0129] Reference Fig.17 , Fig.17 The figure is a schematic diagram of the comprehensive change of the array azimuth angle according to an embodiment of a control method for a floating power station on a water surface of the present invention.

[0130] Since the azimuth angle changes simply and tends to be linear in the normal unobstructed range, when segmenting, a fixed number of reciprocating tracking can be used at both ends, and the linear tracking mode can still be used in the middle. The angle change and power change are as follows: Fig.17 shown.

[0131] Optionally, the control method of the water surface floating power station further includes:

[0132] After the light tracking in the preset time period is completed, the array azimuth is automatically reset to the initial azimuth of the floating power station on the water surface.

[0133] The azimuth angle changes from morning to evening, and the angle change is not necessarily a complete closed loop, for example Fig.10 As shown in the figure, according to the sequence of 7:00-17:00, the angle changes from -30° to 30° in the evening, and does not return to the initial position of -30° at the end of the day. Therefore, it is necessary to set the tracking system to automatically reset to the optimal initial azimuth position for the next day after the end of the day.

[0134] Optionally, the control method of the water surface floating power station further includes:

[0135] Determining the maximum adjustable angle range of the water surface floating power station;

[0136] If it is determined that the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation in each time period exceeds the actual boundary angle of the maximum adjustable angle range, the light is tracked according to the actual boundary angle.

[0137] The array drive mechanism can be adopted as follows Fig.11 Specifically, a set of traction ropes are arranged on both sides of the photovoltaic array, and the traction ropes are pulled simultaneously to adjust the azimuth angle of the array.

[0138] Considering the floating power station with a rope anchoring system, the rope expansion margin and water level will affect the maximum rotation angle of the photovoltaic array. Therefore, it is necessary to set the maximum adjustable angle range as the control boundary of the angle when formulating the tracking strategy. If the calculated theoretical angle exceeds the actual adjustable angle range, the actual adjustable angle range is used as the boundary, and the light is tracked according to the actual boundary angle of the maximum adjustable angle range.

[0139] In addition, the present invention also provides a floating power station on the water surface, referring to Fig.18 , Fig.18 This is a system diagram of an embodiment of a control method of a floating power station on a water surface according to the present invention. The floating power station on a water surface comprises: a floating photovoltaic array, an array driving mechanism, an angle acquisition unit and a controller;

[0140] The controller controls the array driving mechanism to rotate the floating photovoltaic array of the water surface floating power station as a whole according to the array azimuth angle of the floating photovoltaic array collected by the angle collection unit, so as to adjust the floating photovoltaic array to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation.

[0141] Optionally, the floating photovoltaic array includes a floating support and a photovoltaic module arranged on the floating support.

[0142] Optionally, the array driving mechanism includes a traction mechanism in the length or width direction of the floating photovoltaic array, and a traction rope matching the traction mechanism;

[0143] The two ends of the traction rope are fixedly connected to the two ends of the floating photovoltaic array in the length or width direction;

[0144] The two traction mechanisms rotate in the same direction and pull the traction ropes at the same time to adjust the array azimuth angle of the floating photovoltaic array.

[0145] Optionally, the angle acquisition unit is an angle sensor or a GPS positioning device.

[0146] Optionally, the controller includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the control method of the water surface floating power station as described above.

[0147] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or system including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or system. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or system including the element.

[0148] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are only for description and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0149] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) as described above, and includes a number of instructions for a terminal device (which can be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention.

[0150] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method for a floating power station on a water surface, characterized in that: The control method of the water surface floating power station comprises the following steps: Obtaining the power generation corresponding to different array azimuth angles of the floating power station at different times in a preset time period; According to the power generation corresponding to different array azimuths at different times, determine the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation in each preset time period; In different preset time periods, the floating photovoltaic array of the water surface floating power station is controlled to rotate as a whole according to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation, so as to adjust the floating photovoltaic array to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation; When the preset time period is one day, after the step of determining the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation in the preset time period, the method further comprises: Determine the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation at different time periods of the day; Determine the linear time period and the reciprocating time period according to the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation and the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation; Wherein, in the linear time period, the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation is the same as the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation; In the reciprocating time period, the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation and the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation are different; The step of controlling the floating photovoltaic array of the water surface floating power station to rotate as a whole according to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation in different time periods includes: In the linear time period, the azimuth of the floating photovoltaic array is linearly adjusted according to the irradiation azimuth corresponding to the maximum irradiation or the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation; During the reciprocating time period, the azimuth angle of the floating photovoltaic array is reciprocated according to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation.

2. The control method of a floating power station on a water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset time period is one day, or a preset number of consecutive months.

3. The control method of a floating power station on a water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the floating photovoltaic array to an array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation comprises: Determine a step length for adjusting the azimuth of the array, and gradually adjust the azimuth of the array with the step length in different time periods; Alternatively, a target time period corresponding to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation is determined, and the floating photovoltaic array is controlled to be fixed to the array azimuth corresponding to the maximum power generation within the target time period; Alternatively, the array azimuth is gradually adjusted with the step size in a linear time period, and the floating photovoltaic array is controlled to be fixed at an array azimuth corresponding to a maximum power generation in a reciprocating time period.

4. The control method of a floating power station on a water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control method of the water surface floating power station also includes: After the light tracking in the preset time period is completed, the array azimuth is automatically reset to the initial azimuth of the floating power station on the water surface.

5. The control method of a floating power station on a water surface as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The control method of the water surface floating power station also includes: Determining the maximum adjustable angle range of the water surface floating power station; If it is determined that the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation in each time period exceeds the actual boundary angle of the maximum adjustable angle range, the light is tracked according to the actual boundary angle.

6. A floating power station on water surface, characterized in that: The water surface floating power station applies the control method of the water surface floating power station as claimed in claim 1, comprising: a floating photovoltaic array, an array driving mechanism, an angle acquisition unit and a controller; The controller controls the array driving mechanism to rotate the floating photovoltaic array of the water surface floating power station as a whole according to the array azimuth angle of the floating photovoltaic array collected by the angle collection unit, so as to adjust the floating photovoltaic array to the array azimuth angle corresponding to the maximum power generation.

7. The floating power station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The floating photovoltaic array includes a floating support and a photovoltaic component arranged on the floating support.

8. The floating power station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The array driving mechanism includes a traction mechanism in the length or width direction of the floating photovoltaic array, and a traction rope matched with the traction mechanism; The two ends of the traction rope are fixedly connected to the two ends of the floating photovoltaic array in the length or width direction; The two traction mechanisms rotate in the same direction and pull the traction ropes at the same time to adjust the array azimuth angle of the floating photovoltaic array.

9. The floating power station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The angle acquisition unit is an angle sensor or a GPS positioning device.

10. The floating power station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The controller comprises: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the control method of the water surface floating power station according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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