A standardized production device and production method for dry-hardened concrete specimens

Abstract

The present invention relates to a standardized production device for dry-hardened concrete specimens and a production method thereof, belonging to the technical field of geotechnical test equipment. The standardized production device for dry-hardened concrete specimens includes a base, a support rod, a pressure rod, a ramming member, and a concrete specimen mold. The support rod is vertically arranged at the end of the base, the pressure rod is rotatably arranged at the top of the support rod, the top end of the ramming member is rotatably arranged in the middle of the pressure rod, the ramming member and the pressure rod are in the same vertical plane, the concrete specimen mold is placed on the base, the bottom end of the ramming member is inserted into the concrete specimen mold, a pressure gauge is arranged on the ramming member, the support rod, the pressure rod, and the ramming member form a pressure lever, and the connection point between the pressure rod and the support rod is the fulcrum of the pressure lever. The present invention uses the ram rod array at the bottom end of the ramming member for ramming, reduces the errors caused by manual ramming, and uses the lever principle for compaction to promote the formation of dry-hardened concrete specimens.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a standardized manufacturing device and a manufacturing method for dry - hard concrete specimens, belonging to the technical field of geotechnical test equipment. Background Art

[0002] In the field of indoor mechanical tests of concrete, the ramming density of dry - hard concrete has a significant impact on the strength of specimens. Dry - hard concrete has a low water - cement ratio, and its mixture has poor fluidity. During the process of manufacturing specimens, due to the poor fluidity of the dry - hard concrete mixture, the concrete specimens made by manual ramming have a large porosity and a large non - uniformity in pore distribution. As a result, the mechanical parameters of the specimens made in this way have a large discreteness. There are also obvious differences in the test results obtained by different people using the same materials, in the same proportion, and under the same curing conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the problem of standardized manufacturing of existing dry - hard concrete specimens, the present invention proposes a standardized manufacturing device and a manufacturing method for dry - hard concrete specimens. The device uses a ram rod array at the bottom of the ramming and pressing member to ram the dry - hard concrete mixture, reducing the errors caused by manual ramming, and uses the lever principle to apply a fixed - value load in combination with a pressure gauge for compaction to promote the formation of dry - hard concrete specimens.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows:

[0005] A standardized manufacturing device for dry - hard concrete specimens includes a base 1, a support rod 9, a pressure - applying rod 6, a ramming and pressing member, and a concrete specimen mold. The support rod 9 is vertically arranged at the end of the base 1. The pressure - applying rod 6 is rotatably arranged at the top of the support rod 9. The top end of the ramming and pressing member is rotatably arranged in the middle of the pressure - applying rod 6. The ramming and pressing member and the pressure - applying rod 6 are in the same vertical plane. The concrete specimen mold is placed on the base. The concrete mixture is filled in the concrete specimen mold. An auxiliary pressure - applying orifice plate 10 is movably arranged in the concrete specimen mold and is arranged on top of the concrete mixture. A number of pressure - applying through - holes are evenly opened on the auxiliary pressure - applying orifice plate 10. The ram rod 14 at the bottom of the ramming and pressing member vertically passes through the pressure - applying through - holes of the auxiliary pressure - applying orifice plate 10 and is inserted into the concrete specimen mold. A pressure gauge 4 is arranged on the ramming and pressing member. The support rod 9, the pressure - applying rod 6, and the ramming and pressing member form a pressure - applying lever, and the connection between the pressure - applying rod 6 and the support rod 9 is the fulcrum of the pressure - applying lever.

[0006] The base 1 can be a flat plate with an optional size of 800 mm in length, 600 mm in width, and 30 mm in thickness. Different - sized concrete specimen molds filled with dry - hard concrete are placed on the base 1, which bears the downward load transmitted by the concrete mold and ensures that the standardized manufacturing device for dry - hard concrete specimens does not tip over during the process of manufacturing specimens.

[0007] Placement reference lines for concrete specimen molds of different specifications are provided on the base;

[0008] The top end of the ramming member is rotatably arranged in the middle of the pressure rod 6 through a first rolling bearing 7.

[0009] The ramming member further includes a ramming plate 2, a first connecting rod 3 and a second connecting rod 5. The top end of the ramming plate 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first connecting rod 3. The top end of the first connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the second connecting rod 5 through a pressure gauge 4. The top end of the second connecting rod 5 is rotatably arranged in the middle of the pressure rod 6 through a first rolling bearing 7;

[0010] The ramming plate 2, the first connecting rod 3, the pressure gauge 4, the second connecting rod 5, the pressure rod 6 and the support rod 9 are in the same vertical plane and can transmit the downward pressure from the pressure rod 6 to the concrete mixture;

[0011] The pressure gauge 4 can measure the compressive stress between the first connecting rod 3 and the second connecting rod 5;

[0012] The ramming member can swing arbitrarily in the vertical plane below the pressure rod 6 through the first rolling bearing 7;

[0013] The first rolling bearing 7 serves as a force transmission structure of the pressure rod 6 and at the same time as a rotating member of the second connecting rod 5, the pressure gauge 4, the first connecting rod 3 and the ramming plate 2. When the pressure rod 6 is lifted or pressed down, the second connecting rod 5, the pressure gauge 4, the first connecting rod 3 and the ramming plate 2 rise or fall vertically accordingly;

[0014] The ramming plate 2 includes a third connecting rod 12, a pressing plate 13 and ramming rods 14. The ramming rods 14 are uniformly arranged vertically on the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13. The top surface of the pressing plate 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the third connecting rod 12. A screw rod 11 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the third connecting rod 12. A threaded hole is provided at the bottom end of the first connecting rod 3. The third connecting rod 12 is threadedly connected to the threaded hole at the bottom end of the first connecting rod 3 through the screw rod 11;

[0015] The ramming plate 2 is divided into three specifications of 100mm×100mm, 150mm×150mm and 200mm×200mm according to the size (length×width) of the pressing plate 13. The ramming plates 2 of different specifications are connected to the first connecting rod 3 through the screw rods 11 at the upper end by threads and are respectively used for manufacturing three different specifications of standard concrete specimens of 100mm×100mm, 150mm×150mm and 200mm×200mm;

[0016] Ramming plates 2 of different specifications can be replaced according to the production requirements of specimens of different specifications, and the disassembly and assembly of the device can also be realized;

[0017] The top end of the rammer 14 is a cylindrical rod structure with a diameter of 16 mm, which is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13. The lower end is hemispherical with a hemispherical radius of 8 mm;

[0018] The rammer 14 is divided into three types according to the length: 75 mm, 112.5 mm, and 150 mm, which are respectively used to produce concrete specimens with specifications of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm, 150 mm×150 mm×150 mm, and 200 mm×200 mm×200 mm;

[0019] The arrangement method of the rammer 14 with a length of 75 mm on the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13 is that the row spacing and column spacing of the rammers (based on the axis of the rammer) are both 25 mm, and the perpendicular distance from the axis of the edge rammer to the edge of the pressing plate 13 is 11.5 mm;

[0020] The arrangement method of the rammer 14 with a length of 112.5 mm on the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13 is that the row spacing and column spacing of the rammers (based on the axis of the rammer) are both 37.5 mm, and the perpendicular distance from the axis of the edge rammer to the edge of the pressing plate 13 is 17.25 mm;

[0021] The arrangement method of the rammer 14 with a length of 150 mm on the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13 is that the row spacing and column spacing of the rammers (based on the axis of the rammer) are both 50 mm, and the perpendicular distance from the axis of the edge rammer to the edge of the pressing plate 13 is 23 mm;

[0022] The bottom surface of the pressing plate 13 is square, with a thickness of 15 mm. The bottom surface sizes are divided into three types: 98 mm×98 mm, 148 mm×148 mm, and 198 mm×198 mm, which are respectively used to produce concrete specimens with specifications of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm, 150 mm×150 mm×150 mm, and 200 mm×200 mm×200 mm;

[0023] For the type with the bottom surface side length of the pressing plate 13 being 98 mm, the bottom surface is fixedly connected to a total of 16 rammers 14 in 4 rows×4 columns. The axes of the rammers are all perpendicular to the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13. The diameter of the rammers is 16 mm. The row spacing and column spacing of the rammers (based on the axis of the rammer) are both 25 mm, and the perpendicular distance from the axis of the edge rammer to the bottom edge of the pressing plate 13 is 11.5 mm;

[0024] For the type with the bottom surface side length of the pressing plate 13 being 148 mm, the bottom surface is fixedly connected to a total of 16 rammers 14 in 4 rows×4 columns. The axes of the rammers are all perpendicular to the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13. The diameter of the rammers is 16 mm. The row spacing and column spacing of the rammers (based on the axis of the rammer) are both 37.5 mm, and the perpendicular distance from the axis of the edge rammer to the bottom edge of the pressing plate 13 is 17.25 mm;

[0025] The type of the pressing plate 13 has a bottom side length of 198 mm, and the bottom surface is fixedly connected to a total of 16 ramming rods 14 arranged in 4 rows and 4 columns. The axial directions of the ramming rods are all perpendicular to the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13. The diameters of the ramming rods are all 16 mm. The row spacing and column spacing of the ramming rods (based on the axis of the ramming rod) are both 50 mm. The axis of the outermost ramming rod is 23 mm away from the edge of the bottom side of the pressing plate 13;

[0026] The pressure rod 6 includes a first end, a first cross bar, a second cross bar and a second end. The first end is rotatably arranged at the top of the support rod 9. The first cross bar and the second cross bar are arranged in parallel between the first end and the second end. The gap between the first cross bar and the second cross bar is the rotation space of the ramming member. First rolling bearings 7 are embedded in the middle of the first cross bar and the second cross bar. The first rolling bearings 7 in the first cross bar and the second cross bar are arranged oppositely. The center points of the two first rolling bearings 7 are on the same horizontal line and the center connection line of the two first rolling bearings 7 is perpendicular to the length direction of the pressure rod 6. The inner rings of the two first rolling bearings 7 are connected by a first rotating shaft. The top end of the first connecting rod 3 is a first arc-shaped sleeve structure, and the first arc-shaped sleeve structure is sleeved on the first rotating shaft;

[0027] The first end of the pressure rod 6 is rotatably arranged at the top of the support rod 9 through a second rolling bearing 8;

[0028] The second rolling bearing 8 serves as the fulcrum and force transmission structure of the pressure rod 6. The pressure rod 6 can swing up and down arbitrarily in the vertical plane with the top of the support rod 9 as the fulcrum through the second rolling bearing 8;

[0029] Preferably, the support rod 9 includes a first support rod and a second support rod arranged in parallel. The gap between the first support rod and the second support rod is the rotation space of the pressure rod 6. Second rolling bearings 8 are embedded in the tops of the first support rod and the second support rod. The second rolling bearings 8 in the first support rod and the second support rod are arranged oppositely. The center points of the two second rolling bearings 8 are on the same horizontal line and the center connection line of the two second rolling bearings 8 is perpendicular to the vertical direction of the support rod 9. The inner rings of the two second rolling bearings 8 are connected by a second rotating shaft. The first end of the pressure rod 6 is a second arc-shaped sleeve structure, and the second arc-shaped sleeve structure is sleeved on the second rotating shaft.

[0030] The auxiliary pressure orifice plate 10 has two specifications of 25 mm and 50 mm according to the thickness. A set of standardized production devices for dry hard concrete specimens includes at least 1 auxiliary pressure orifice plate with a thickness of 25 mm and 3 auxiliary pressure orifice plates with a thickness of 50 mm;

[0031] The auxiliary pressure plate 10 is divided into three types according to the side length: 98 mm, 148 mm, and 198 mm. The structures of different types of auxiliary pressure plates 10 are similar and are respectively used to fabricate concrete specimens with specifications of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm, 150 mm×150 mm×150 mm, and 200 mm×200 mm×200 mm;

[0032] The type of the auxiliary pressure plate 10 with a side length of 98 mm includes a total of 16 pressure through-holes arranged in 4 rows and 4 columns. The axes of the pressure through-holes are all perpendicular to the plate surface, the hole diameter is 18 mm, the row spacing and column spacing of the pressure through-holes (based on the axis of the pressure through-hole) are both 25 mm, and the distance between the axis of the edge hole and the edge of the pressing plate 13 is 11.5 mm;

[0033] The type of the auxiliary pressure plate 10 with a side length of 148 mm includes a total of 16 pressure through-holes arranged in 4 rows and 4 columns. The axes of the pressure through-holes are all perpendicular to the plate surface, the hole diameter is 18 mm, the row spacing and column spacing of the pressure through-holes (based on the axis of the pressure through-hole) are both 37.5 mm, and the distance between the axis of the edge hole and the edge of the pressing plate 13 is 17.25 mm;

[0034] The type of the auxiliary pressure plate 10 with a side length of 198 mm includes a total of 16 pressure through-holes arranged in 4 rows and 4 columns. The axes of the pressure through-holes are all perpendicular to the plate surface, the hole diameter is 18 mm, the row spacing and column spacing of the pressure through-holes (based on the axis of the pressure through-hole) are both 50 mm, and the distance between the axis of the edge hole and the edge of the pressing plate 13 is 23 mm;

[0035] The auxiliary pressure plate 10 can enable the tamping rod 14 of the tamping plate 2 to pass through the pressure through-holes. When the pressure rod 6 presses downward, under the combined action of the tamping plate 2 and its tamping rod 14, the concrete mixture in the mold is tamped and compacted.

[0036] The usage method of the standardized production device for dry-hard concrete specimens is as follows:

[0037] (1) According to the experimental plan, water is added to the raw materials and mixed evenly to obtain a concrete mixture, where the raw materials include mixed aggregates, cementitious materials, admixtures, and added materials;

[0038] (2) Place the concrete specimen mold on the base, and coat the inner wall of the concrete specimen mold with mineral oil;

[0039] (3) Use the quartering method to add the concrete mixture into the concrete specimen mold until the height of the concrete mixture is 1 / 2 - 2 / 3 of the depth of the mold;

[0040] (4) Place the auxiliary pressure plate into the concrete specimen mold, and the pressure holes of the auxiliary pressure plate are vertically downward;

[0041] (5) Lift the pressure rod upward, align the ram rod of the ramming plate with the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, and then press the pressure rod downward to vertically pass the ram rod of the ramming plate through the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate;

[0042] (6) Continue to press the pressure rod downward until the bottom end of the ram rod touches the bottom surface of the concrete specimen mold, and record the value P1 of the pressure gauge;

[0043] (7) Lift the pressure rod upward, pull out the ram rod of the ramming plate from the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, and remove the auxiliary pressure plate;

[0044] (8) Add the concrete mixture into the concrete specimen mold until the height of the concrete mixture is 1.01 - 1.1 times the depth of the mold, and place the auxiliary pressure plate on the concrete mixture; press the pressure rod downward to vertically pass the ram rod of the ramming plate through the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, and continue to press the pressure rod downward until the lower surface of the auxiliary pressure plate is flush with the upper surface of the concrete specimen mold, or continue to press the pressure rod downward until the inserted depth of the ram rod is greater than 1 / 2 of the height of the concrete specimen mold;

[0045] (9) Lift the pressure rod upward, pull out the ram rod of the ramming plate from the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, and remove the auxiliary pressure plate; then add the concrete mixture into the concrete specimen mold until the height of the concrete mixture is 1.01 - 1.1 times the depth of the mold, and place the auxiliary pressure plate on the concrete mixture; press the pressure rod downward to vertically pass the ram rod of the ramming plate through the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, and continue to press the pressure rod downward until the lower surface of the auxiliary pressure plate is flush with the upper surface of the concrete specimen mold, and record the pressure gauge value P2;

[0046] (10) Lift the pressure rod upward, pull out the ram rod of the ramming plate from the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, and remove the auxiliary pressure plate, take out the dry - hard concrete specimen, and check the air bubble amount on the bottom and side surfaces of the dry - hard concrete specimen;

[0047] (11) If the total cross - sectional area of the air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of the dry - hard concrete specimen is not higher than 10% of the single - side area of the concrete specimen, then repeat steps (2) - (10) to prepare the dry - hard concrete specimen, where in step (6), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P1, in step (9), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P2, after leveling the upper surface of the specimen, cure the dry - hard concrete specimen with the concrete specimen mold;

[0048] (12) If the total cross-sectional area of the air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of several hardened concrete specimens is higher than 10% of the single-sided area of the concrete specimen, then repeat steps (2) to (10) to prepare the dry-hardened concrete specimen, and increase the addition amount of the concrete mixture in steps (3), (8), and (9) by 5-10% until the total cross-sectional area of the air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of the dry-hardened concrete specimen is not higher than 10% of the single-sided area of the concrete specimen, and record the pressure gauge value P3 in step (9).

[0049] (13) Repeat steps (2) to (10) after adjusting the addition amount of the concrete mixture in step (12) to prepare the dry-hardened concrete specimen, where in step (6), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P1, and in step (9), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P3. After leveling the upper surface of the specimen, cure the dry-hardened concrete specimen with the concrete specimen mold.

[0050] Advantages of the present invention:

[0051] (1) The present invention uses a rammer array with fixed dimensions, row spacing, and column spacing to ram the dry-hardened concrete mixture, reducing the errors caused by manual ramming.

[0052] (2) The present invention uses the lever principle and combines a pressure gauge to apply a fixed value of load for compaction while ramming the dry-hardened concrete mixture, promoting the forming of the dry-hardened concrete specimen.

[0053] (3) The present invention has the characteristics of being easy to clean, simple in structure, convenient to operate, small in floor area, and standardizing the production of dry-hardened concrete specimens. Description of the Drawings

[0054] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a device for standardizing the production of dry-hardened concrete specimens;

[0055] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the base;

[0056] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the ramming and pressing plate;

[0057] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the ramming and pressing plate (sectional view along I-I);

[0058] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure-applying rod;

[0059] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the assembly of the support rod, pressure-applying rod, and ramming and pressing member;

[0060] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the auxiliary pressure-applying orifice plate (top view);

[0061] In the figure, 1 - base, 2 - ramming plate, 3 - first connecting rod, 4 - pressure gauge, 5 - second connecting rod, 6 - pressure rod, 7 - first rolling bearing, 8 - second rolling bearing, 9 - support rod, 10 - auxiliary pressure - adding orifice plate, 11 - screw, 12 - ramming - plate connecting rod, 13 - pressing plate, 14 - ramming rod. Detailed implementation mode

[0062] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the detailed implementation mode.

[0063] Example 1: As Figure 1 shown, a standardized production device for dry - hard concrete specimens includes a base 1, a support rod 9, a pressure rod 6, a ramming member, and a concrete - specimen mold. The support rod 9 is vertically arranged at the end of the base 1. The pressure rod 6 is rotatably arranged at the top of the support rod 9. The top end of the ramming member is rotatably arranged in the middle of the pressure rod 6. The ramming member and the pressure rod 6 are in the same vertical plane. The concrete - specimen mold is placed on the base. The concrete mixture is filled in the concrete - specimen mold. An auxiliary pressure - adding orifice plate 10 is movably arranged in the concrete - specimen mold and is arranged on top of the concrete mixture. A number of pressure - adding through - holes are evenly opened on the auxiliary pressure - adding orifice plate 10. The ramming rod 14 at the bottom end of the ramming member vertically passes through the pressure - adding through - holes of the auxiliary pressure - adding orifice plate 10 and is inserted into the concrete - specimen mold. A pressure gauge 4 is arranged on the ramming member. The support rod 9, the pressure rod 6, and the ramming member form a pressure - applying lever. The connection point between the pressure rod 6 and the support rod 9 is the fulcrum of the pressure - applying lever;

[0064] The structure of the auxiliary pressure - adding orifice plate 10 is shown in Figure 7 ;

[0065] The using method of the standardized production device for dry - hard concrete specimens is as follows:

[0066] (1) According to the experimental plan, water is added to the raw materials and mixed evenly to obtain a concrete mixture, where the raw materials include mixed aggregate, cementitious material, admixture, and additive material;

[0067] (2) The concrete - specimen mold is placed on the base, and mineral oil is coated on the inner wall of the concrete - specimen mold;

[0068] (3) The concrete mixture is added into the concrete - specimen mold until the height of the concrete mixture is 1 / 2 of the depth of the mold;

[0069] (4) One auxiliary pressure - adding orifice plate with a thickness of 25 mm is placed into the concrete - specimen mold, and the pressure - adding holes of the auxiliary pressure - adding orifice plate are vertically downward;

[0070] (5) The pressure rod is lifted upward, the ramming rod of the ramming plate is aligned with the pressure - adding holes of the auxiliary pressure - adding orifice plate, and then the pressure rod is pressed downward to vertically pass the ramming rod of the ramming plate through the pressure - adding holes of the auxiliary pressure - adding orifice plate;

[0071] (6) Continue to press down the pressure rod until the bottom end of the ramming rod touches the bottom surface of the concrete specimen mold, and record the value P1 of the pressure gauge.

[0072] (7) Lift up the pressure rod, pull out the ramming rod of the ramming plate from the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, and remove the auxiliary pressure plate.

[0073] (8) Add the concrete mixture into the concrete specimen mold until the height of the concrete mixture is 1.05 times the depth of the mold. Place 1 auxiliary pressure plate with a thickness of 25 mm on the concrete mixture. Press down the pressure rod, vertically pass the ramming rod of the ramming plate through the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, and continue to press down the pressure rod until the lower surface of the auxiliary pressure plate is flush with the upper surface of the concrete specimen mold.

[0074] (9) Lift up the pressure rod, pull out the ramming rod of the ramming plate from the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, and remove the auxiliary pressure plate. Then add the concrete mixture into the concrete specimen mold until the height of the concrete mixture is 1.05 times the depth of the mold. Place 2 auxiliary pressure plates with a thickness of 50 mm on the concrete mixture. Press down the pressure rod, vertically pass the ramming rod of the ramming plate through the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, and continue to press down the pressure rod until the lower surface of the auxiliary pressure plate is flush with the upper surface of the concrete specimen mold, and record the value P2 of the pressure gauge.

[0075] (10) Lift up the pressure rod, pull out the ramming rod of the ramming plate from the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, and remove the auxiliary pressure plate. Take out the dry-hardened concrete specimen and check the amount of air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of the dry-hardened concrete specimen.

[0076] (11) If the total cross-sectional area of the air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of the dry-hardened concrete specimen is not higher than 10% of the single-sided area of the concrete specimen, then repeat steps (2) to (10) to prepare the dry-hardened concrete specimen. In step (6), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P1, and in step (9), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P2. After leveling the upper surface of the specimen, cure the dry-hardened concrete specimen with the concrete specimen mold.

[0077] (12) If the total cross-sectional area of the air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of the dry-hardened concrete specimen is higher than 10% of the single-sided area of the concrete specimen, then repeat steps (2) to (10) to prepare the dry-hardened concrete specimen, and increase the addition amount of the concrete mixture in steps (3), (8), and (9) by 5 - 10% until the total cross-sectional area of the air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of the dry-hardened concrete specimen is not higher than 10% of the single-sided area of the concrete specimen, and record the value P3 of the pressure gauge in step (9).

[0078] (13) Repeat steps (2) to (10) after adjusting the addition amount of the concrete mixture in step (12) to prepare a dry - hard concrete specimen. In step (6), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P1, and in step (9), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P3. After leveling the upper surface of the specimen, cure the dry - hard concrete specimen with the concrete specimen mold.

[0079] Example 2: The standardized production device for dry - hard concrete specimens in this example is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that: as Figures 2 to 4 shown, the optional size of the base 1 is a flat plate with a length of 800 mm, a width of 600 mm, and a thickness of 30 mm; Concrete specimen molds with different sizes containing dry - hard concrete are placed on the base 1, which bears the downward load transmitted by the concrete mold, and at the same time ensures that the standardized production device for dry - hard concrete specimens does not tip over during the process of making specimens; Placement reference lines for concrete specimen molds of different specifications are set on the base (see Figure 2 ).

[0080] The top end of the ramming member is rotatably arranged in the middle of the pressure - applying rod 6 through the first rolling bearing 7.

[0081] The ramming member further includes a ramming plate 2, a first connecting rod 3, and a second connecting rod 5. The top end of the ramming plate 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first connecting rod 3. The top end of the first connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the second connecting rod 5 through a pressure gauge 4. The top end of the second connecting rod 5 is rotatably arranged in the middle of the pressure - applying rod 6 through the first rolling bearing 7;

[0082] The ramming plate 2, the first connecting rod 3, the pressure gauge 4, the second connecting rod 5, the pressure - applying rod 6, and the support rod 9 are in the same vertical plane, and can transmit the downward pressure from the pressure - applying rod 6 to the concrete mixture;

[0083] The pressure gauge 4 can measure the compressive stress between the first connecting rod 3 and the second connecting rod 5;

[0084] The ramming member can swing arbitrarily in the vertical plane below the pressure - applying rod 6 through the first rolling bearing 7;

[0085] The first rolling bearing 7 serves as the force - transmission structure of the pressure - applying rod 6 and at the same time serves as the rotating member of the second connecting rod 5, the pressure gauge 4, the first connecting rod 3, and the ramming plate 2. When the pressure - applying rod 6 is lifted or pressed down, the second connecting rod 5, the pressure gauge 4, the first connecting rod 3, and the ramming plate 2 rise or fall vertically accordingly;

[0086] The ramming plate 2 includes a third connecting rod 12, a pressing plate 13 and ramming rods 14. The ramming rods 14 are vertically arranged evenly on the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13. The top surface of the pressing plate 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the third connecting rod 12. A screw rod 11 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the third connecting rod 12. A threaded hole is opened at the bottom end of the first connecting rod 3. The third connecting rod 12 is threadedly connected to the threaded hole at the bottom end of the first connecting rod 3 through the screw rod 11;

[0087] The ramming plate 2 is divided into three specifications of 100mm×100mm, 150mm×150mm and 200mm×200mm according to the size (length×width) of the pressing plate 13. The ramming plates 2 of different specifications are connected to the first connecting rod 3 through the screw rod 11 at the upper end by threads, and are respectively used for making three different specifications of standard concrete specimens of 100mm×100mm, 150mm×150mm and 200mm×200mm;

[0088] The ramming plate 2 of different specifications can be replaced according to the production requirements of specimens of different specifications, and the disassembly and assembly of the device can also be realized;

[0089] The top end of the ramming rod 14 is a cylindrical rod structure with a diameter of 16mm, which is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the pressing plate 13. The lower end is hemispherical with a hemispherical radius of 8mm;

[0090] The ramming rods 14 are divided into three types according to the length: 75mm, 112.5mm and 150mm, and are respectively used for making concrete specimens with specifications of 100mm×100mm×100mm, 150mm×150mm×150mm and 200mm×200mm×200mm;

[0091] The arrangement method of the ramming rod 14 with a length of 75mm on the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13 is that the row spacing and column spacing of the ramming rods (based on the axis of the ramming rod) are both 25mm, and the vertical distance from the axis of the edge ramming rod to the edge of the pressing plate 13 is 11.5mm;

[0092] The arrangement method of the ramming rod 14 with a length of 112.5mm on the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13 is that the row spacing and column spacing of the ramming rods (based on the axis of the ramming rod) are both 37.5mm, and the vertical distance from the axis of the edge ramming rod to the edge of the pressing plate 13 is 17.25mm;

[0093] The arrangement method of the ramming rod 14 with a length of 150mm on the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13 is that the row spacing and column spacing of the ramming rods (based on the axis of the ramming rod) are both 50mm, and the vertical distance from the axis of the edge ramming rod to the edge of the pressing plate 13 is 23mm;

[0094] The bottom surface of the pressing plate 13 is square, with a thickness of 15 mm. It is divided into three types according to the bottom side length: 98 mm, 148 mm, and 198 mm, and is used to make concrete specimens with specifications of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm, 150 mm×150 mm×150 mm, and 200 mm×200 mm×200 mm respectively;

[0095] For the type of the pressing plate 13 with a bottom side length of 98 mm, the bottom surface is fixedly connected to a total of 16 ramming rods 14 arranged in 4 rows and 4 columns. The axes of the ramming rods are all perpendicular to the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13. The diameter of the ramming rods is 16 mm. The row spacing and column spacing of the ramming rods (based on the axis of the ramming rods) are both 25 mm, and the distance from the axis of the edge ramming rod to the bottom edge is 11.5 mm;

[0096] For the type of the pressing plate 13 with a bottom side length of 148 mm, the bottom surface is fixedly connected to a total of 16 ramming rods 14 arranged in 4 rows and 4 columns. The axes of the ramming rods are all perpendicular to the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13. The diameter of the ramming rods is 16 mm. The row spacing and column spacing of the ramming rods (based on the axis of the ramming rods) are both 37.5 mm, and the distance from the axis of the edge ramming rod to the bottom edge is 17.25 mm;

[0097] For the type of the pressing plate 13 with a bottom side length of 198 mm, the bottom surface is fixedly connected to a total of 16 ramming rods 14 arranged in 4 rows and 4 columns. The axes of the ramming rods are all perpendicular to the bottom surface of the pressing plate 13. The diameter of the ramming rods is 16 mm. The row spacing and column spacing of the ramming rods (based on the axis of the ramming rods) are both 50 mm, and the distance from the axis of the edge ramming rod to the bottom edge is 23 mm;

[0098] The pressure rod 6 includes a first end, a first cross bar, a second cross bar, and a second end. The first end is rotatably arranged at the top of the support rod 9. The first cross bar and the second cross bar are arranged in parallel between the first end and the second end. The gap between the first cross bar and the second cross bar is the rotation space of the ramming member. The middle parts of the first cross bar and the second cross bar are both embedded with a first rolling bearing 7. The first rolling bearings 7 in the first cross bar and the second cross bar are arranged oppositely. The center points of the two first rolling bearings 7 are on the same horizontal line and the center connection line of the two first rolling bearings 7 is perpendicular to the length direction of the pressure rod 6. The inner rings of the two first rolling bearings 7 are connected by a first rotating shaft. The top end of the first connecting rod 3 is a first arc-shaped sleeve structure, and the first arc-shaped sleeve structure is sleeved on the first rotating shaft;

[0099] The using method of the standardized production device for dry-hard concrete specimens is as follows:

[0100] (1) According to the experimental plan, add water to the raw materials and mix them evenly to obtain a concrete mixture, where the raw materials include mixed aggregates, cementitious materials, admixtures, and added materials;

[0101] (2) Place a concrete specimen mold with dimensions of 100mm×100mm×100mm on the base, and coat the inner wall of the concrete specimen mold with mineral oil;

[0102] (3) Add the concrete mixture into the concrete specimen mold until the height of the concrete mixture is 2 / 3 of the depth of the mold;

[0103] (4) Place 1 auxiliary pressure plate with a thickness of 25mm into the concrete specimen mold, and the pressure holes of the auxiliary pressure plate are vertically downward;

[0104] (5) Lift the pressure rod upward, align the ram rod of the ramming plate with the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, and then press the pressure rod downward to vertically pass the ram rod of the ramming plate through the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate;

[0105] (6) Continue to press the pressure rod downward until the bottom end of the ram rod touches the bottom surface of the concrete specimen mold, and record the value P1 of the pressure gauge;

[0106] (7) Lift the pressure rod upward, pull out the ram rod of the ramming plate from the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate with a thickness of 25mm, and remove the auxiliary pressure plate with a thickness of 25mm;

[0107] (8) Add the concrete mixture into the concrete specimen mold until the height of the concrete mixture is 1.08 times the depth of the mold, and place 1 auxiliary pressure plate with a thickness of 25mm on the concrete mixture; press the pressure rod downward to vertically pass the ram rod of the ramming plate through the pressure holes of the two auxiliary pressure plates, and continue to press the pressure rod downward until the lower surface of the auxiliary pressure plate is flush with the upper surface of the concrete specimen mold;

[0108] (9) Lift the pressure rod upward, pull out the ram rod of the ramming plate from the pressure holes of the two auxiliary pressure plates with thicknesses of 25mm and 50mm, and remove the auxiliary pressure plates; then add the concrete mixture into the concrete specimen mold until the height of the concrete mixture is 1.08 times the depth of the mold, and place the two auxiliary pressure plates with thicknesses of 25mm and 50mm on the concrete mixture; press the pressure rod downward to vertically pass the ram rod of the ramming plate through the pressure holes of the auxiliary pressure plates, and continue to press the pressure rod downward until the lower surface of the auxiliary pressure plate is flush with the upper surface of the concrete specimen mold, and record the pressure gauge value P2;

[0109] (10) Lift the pressure rod upward, pull out the ram rod of the ramming plate from the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure plate, remove the auxiliary pressure plate, take out the dry - hard concrete specimen, and check the amount of air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of the dry - hard concrete specimen;

[0110] (11) If the total cross-sectional area of the air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of several dry-hardened concrete specimens is not higher than 10% of the single-sided area of the concrete specimen, then repeat steps (2) to (10) to prepare dry-hardened concrete specimens. In step (6), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P1, and in step (9), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P2. After leveling the upper surface of the specimen, cure the dry-hardened concrete specimen with the concrete specimen mold;

[0111] (12) If the total cross-sectional area of the air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of several dry-hardened concrete specimens is higher than 10% of the single-sided area of the concrete specimen, then repeat steps (2) to (10) to prepare dry-hardened concrete specimens, and increase the addition amount of the concrete mixture by 5 - 10% in steps (3), (8), and (9) until the total cross-sectional area of the air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of the dry-hardened concrete specimen is not higher than 10% of the single-sided area of the concrete specimen, and record the pressure gauge value P3 in step (9);

[0112] (13) Repeat steps (2) to (10) after adjusting the addition amount of the concrete mixture in step (12) to prepare dry-hardened concrete specimens. In step (6), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P1, and in step (9), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P3. After leveling the upper surface of the specimen, cure the dry-hardened concrete specimen with the concrete specimen mold;

[0113] For the production of cubic concrete specimens with different specifications of 100mm×100mm×100mm, 150mm×150mm×150mm, and 200mm×200mm×200mm, the parameters of the auxiliary pressure plate, pressure plate, and rammer are shown in Table 1 below.

[0114] Table 1 Parameters of the auxiliary pressure plate, pressure plate, and rammer

[0115]

[0116] The process of making dry-hardened concrete specimens with a specification of 150mm×150mm×150mm is basically the same as the method of making concrete specimens with a specification of 100mm×100mm×100mm. The differences are as follows: in step (4), the thickness of the auxiliary pressure plate is 25mm; in step (8), the thickness of the auxiliary pressure plate is 25mm, and the pressure rod is pressed downward until the insertion depth of the rammer is greater than 1 / 2 of the height of the concrete specimen mold; in step (9), 1 auxiliary pressure plate with a thickness of 25mm and 2 auxiliary pressure plates with a thickness of 50mm are selected for the auxiliary pressure plate.

[0117] The process of making dry - hard concrete specimens with the specification of 200mm×200mm×200mm is basically the same as the method of making concrete specimens with the specification of 100mm×100mm×100mm. The differences are as follows: in step (4), the thickness of the auxiliary pressure - applying orifice plate is 25mm; in step (8), the thickness of the auxiliary pressure - applying orifice plate is 25mm, and the pressure - applying rod is pressed down until the insertion depth of the ramming rod is greater than 1 / 2 of the height of the concrete specimen mold; in step (9), 3 auxiliary pressure - applying orifice plates with a thickness of 50mm are selected for the auxiliary pressure - applying orifice plate.

[0118] Example 3: The standardized manufacturing device for dry - hard concrete specimens in this example is basically the same as that in Example 2. The differences are as follows: as Figure 5 and 6 shown, the first end of the pressure - applying rod 6 is rotatably arranged at the top of the support rod 9 through the second rolling bearing 8;

[0119] The second rolling bearing 8 serves as the fulcrum and force - transmission structure of the pressure - applying rod 6. The pressure - applying rod 6 can swing up and down arbitrarily in the vertical plane with the top of the support rod 9 as the fulcrum through the second rolling bearing 8;

[0120] The support rod 9 includes a first support rod and a second support rod arranged in parallel. The gap between the first support rod and the second support rod is the rotation space of the pressure - applying rod 6. Second rolling bearings 8 are embedded at the tops of both the first support rod and the second support rod. The second rolling bearings 8 in the first support rod and the second support rod are arranged oppositely. The center points of the two second rolling bearings 8 are on the same horizontal line, and the center connection line of the two second rolling bearings 8 is perpendicular to the vertical direction of the support rod 9. The inner rings of the two second rolling bearings 8 are connected by a second rotating shaft. The first end of the pressure - applying rod 6 is a second arc - shaped sleeve structure, and the second arc - shaped sleeve structure is sleeved on the second rotating shaft;

[0121] Using the lever principle, combined with a pressure gauge, a fixed - value load is applied while ramming the dry - hard concrete mixture to promote the forming of the dry - hard concrete specimen.

[0122] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above - mentioned embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims

1. A standardized manufacturing method for dry-hardened concrete specimens, characterized in that: Using a standardized production device for dry-hardened concrete specimens, the standardized production device for dry-hardened concrete specimens includes a base (1), a support rod (9), a pressure rod (6), a ramming member, and a concrete specimen mold. The support rod (9) is vertically arranged at the end of the base (1), the pressure rod (6) is rotatably arranged at the top of the support rod (9), the top end of the ramming member is rotatably arranged in the middle of the pressure rod (6), the ramming member and the pressure rod (6) are in the same vertical plane, the concrete specimen mold is placed on the base, the concrete mixture is filled in the concrete specimen mold, an auxiliary pressure plate (10) is movably arranged in the concrete specimen mold and the auxiliary pressure plate (10) is arranged on top of the concrete mixture, a plurality of pressure through holes are evenly formed in the auxiliary pressure plate (10), the rammer rod (14) at the bottom end of the ramming member vertically passes through the pressure through holes of the auxiliary pressure plate (10) and is inserted into the concrete specimen mold, a pressure gauge (4) is arranged on the ramming member, the support rod (9), the pressure rod (6), and the ramming member form a pressure lever, and the connection part between the pressure rod (6) and the support rod (9) is the fulcrum of the pressure lever; The top end of the ramming member is rotatably arranged in the middle of the pressure rod (6) through a first rolling bearing (7); The ramming member further includes a ramming disc (2), a first connecting rod (3), and a second connecting rod (5). The top end of the ramming disc (2) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first connecting rod (3), the top end of the first connecting rod (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the second connecting rod (5) through the pressure gauge (4), and the top end of the second connecting rod (5) is rotatably arranged in the middle of the pressure rod (6) through a first rolling bearing (7); The specific steps of the production method are as follows: (1) According to the experimental plan, water is added to the raw materials and mixed evenly to obtain a concrete mixture, wherein the raw materials include mixed aggregates, cementitious materials, admixtures, and additive materials; (2) Place the concrete specimen mold on the base and coat the inner wall of the concrete specimen mold with mineral oil; (3) Use the quartering method to add the concrete mixture into the concrete specimen mold until the height of the concrete mixture is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the depth of the mold; (4) Place the auxiliary pressure plate into the concrete specimen mold, and the pressure holes of the auxiliary pressure plate are vertically downward; (5) Lift the pressure rod upward, align the rammer rod of the ramming disc with the pressure holes of the auxiliary pressure plate, and then press the pressure rod downward to vertically pass the rammer rod of the ramming disc through the pressure holes of the auxiliary pressure plate; (6) Continue to press down the pressure bar until the bottom end of the ramming rod touches the bottom surface of the concrete specimen mold, and record the value of the pressure gauge. P1 ; (7) Lift the pressure rod upward, pull out the rammer rod of the ramming disc from the pressure holes of the auxiliary pressure plate, and remove the auxiliary pressure plate; (8) Add the concrete mixture into the concrete specimen mold until the height of the concrete mixture is 1.01 to 1.1 times the depth of the mold, and place the auxiliary pressure plate on the concrete mixture; press the pressure rod downward to vertically pass the rammer rod of the ramming disc through the pressure holes of the auxiliary pressure plate, and continue to press the pressure rod downward until the lower surface of the auxiliary pressure plate is flush with the upper surface of the concrete specimen mold, or continue to press the pressure rod downward until the insertion depth of the rammer rod is greater than 1 / 2 of the height of the concrete specimen mold; (9) Lift the pressure rod upward to pull out the ram rod of the ramming plate from the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure hole plate, and remove the auxiliary pressure hole plate; then add the concrete mixture into the concrete specimen mold until the height of the concrete mixture is 1.01 - 1.1 times the depth of the mold, and place the auxiliary pressure hole plate on the concrete mixture; press the pressure rod downward to vertically pass the ram rod of the ramming plate through the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure hole plate, and continue to press the pressure rod downward until the lower surface of the auxiliary pressure hole plate is flush with the upper surface of the concrete specimen mold, and record the pressure gauge value. P2 ; Lift the pressure rod (10) upward, pull out the ram rod of the ramming plate from the pressure hole of the auxiliary pressure orifice plate, remove the auxiliary pressure orifice plate, take out the dry-hardened concrete specimen, and check the amount of air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of the dry-hardened concrete specimen. (11) If the total cross-sectional area of air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of several hardened concrete specimens does not exceed 10% of the single surface area of the concrete specimen, then repeat steps (2) to (10) to prepare a dry-hardened concrete specimen, where in step (6), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P1 , and in step (9), the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value P2 . After leveling the upper surface of the specimen, cure the dry-hardened concrete specimen with the concrete specimen mold. (12) If the total cross-sectional area of the air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of several hardened concrete specimens is higher than 10% of the single-sided area of the concrete specimen, repeat steps (2) to (10) to prepare a dry-hardened concrete specimen, and increase the addition amount of the concrete mixture in steps (3), (8), and (9) by 5% to 10% until the total cross-sectional area of the air bubbles on the bottom and side surfaces of the dry-hardened concrete specimen is not higher than 10% of the single-sided area of the concrete specimen, and record the pressure gauge value in step (9). P3 ; (13) Repeat steps (2) to (10) after adjusting the addition amount of the concrete mixture in step (12) to prepare a dry-hardened concrete specimen, where the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value in step (6) P1 , and the pressure gauge is pressed to the pressure value in step (9) P3 . After leveling the upper surface of the specimen, cure the dry-hardened concrete specimen with the concrete specimen mold 2. The standardized production method of the dry-hard concrete specimen according to claim 1, wherein: The ramming plate (2) includes a third connecting rod (12), a pressure plate (13) and a ram rod (14). The ram rods (14) are evenly arranged vertically on the bottom surface of the pressure plate (13). The top surface of the pressure plate (13) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the third connecting rod (12). A screw rod (11) is fixedly arranged at the top end of the third connecting rod (12). A threaded hole is provided at the bottom end of the first connecting rod (3). The third connecting rod (12) is threadedly connected to the threaded hole at the bottom end of the first connecting rod (3) through the screw rod (11).

3. The standardized manufacturing method of dry-hardened concrete specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure rod (6) includes a first end head, a first cross bar, a second cross bar and a second end head. The first end head is rotatably arranged at the top of the support rod (9). The first cross bar and the second cross bar are arranged in parallel between the first end head and the second end head. The gap between the first cross bar and the second cross bar is the rotation space of the ramming member. First rolling bearings (7) are embedded in the middle of the first cross bar and the second cross bar. The first rolling bearings (7) in the first cross bar and the second cross bar are arranged oppositely. The center points of the two first rolling bearings (7) are on the same horizontal line and the center connection line of the two first rolling bearings (7) is perpendicular to the length direction of the pressure rod (6). The inner rings of the two first rolling bearings (7) are connected by a first rotating shaft. The top end of the first connecting rod (3) is a first arc-shaped sleeve structure, and the first arc-shaped sleeve structure is sleeved on the first rotating shaft.

4. The standardized production method of the dry-hard concrete specimen according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first end head of the pressure rod (6) is rotatably arranged at the top of the support rod (9) through a second rolling bearing (8).

5. The standardized manufacturing method of the dry-hard concrete specimen according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support rod (9) includes a first support rod and a second support rod arranged in parallel. The gap between the first support rod and the second support rod is the rotation space of the pressure rod (6). Second rolling bearings (8) are embedded in the tops of the first support rod and the second support rod. The second rolling bearings (8) in the first support rod and the second support rod are arranged oppositely. The center points of the two second rolling bearings (8) are on the same horizontal line and the center connection line of the two second rolling bearings (8) is perpendicular to the vertical direction of the support rod (9). The inner rings of the two second rolling bearings (8) are connected by a second rotating shaft. The first end head of the pressure rod (6) is a second arc-shaped sleeve structure, and the second arc-shaped sleeve structure is sleeved on the second rotating shaft.

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