Method of driving an electrical circuit arrangement comprising at least one switching element, control unit, electrical circuit device and motor vehicle

Abstract

A method for driving an electrical circuit arrangement (4) comprising at least one switching element (S i ) in which the switching element (S i ) is driven on and off by a drive circuit (7) in accordance with switching signal information, in which the switching signal information is determined continuously and specifies for each at least one switching signal time window (11, 12) having a fixed duration an on duration and signal position information, in which for an on signal (10) obtained from an on duration which is less than the duration of the switching signal time window (11, 12) the signal position information indicates the position of the on signal (10) within the switching signal time window.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for driving an electrical circuit device including at least one switching element, wherein the switching element is driven by a drive circuit according to switching signal information for turning on and off, and the switching signal information is continuously determined. Furthermore, this invention relates to a controller, an electrical circuit device, and a motor vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Motor vehicles with electric drive units typically include a synchronous or asynchronous motor as the traction motor, which is supplied by the vehicle's traction battery via power electronics. The power electronics convert the direct current output from the traction accumulator into alternating current for operating the electric traction motor. Thus, for example, a three-phase motor can be voltage-loaded at the input terminals, where current is generated in the motor through the voltage difference, producing the desired torque of the electric traction motor.

[0003] Here, the switching elements are driven and controlled according to regulations, for example, those related to the operation and current operating state of the motor vehicle. The objective is to switch the various switching elements of the power electronics in such a way that a sinusoidal phase current with a desired phase shift between voltage and amplitude is generated.

[0004] To reduce and / or avoid harmonics that may cause undesirable current regulation losses and / or instability, the voltage output to the motor from the power electronics needs to be as close to a sinusoidal shape as possible. To generate a sinusoidal alternating voltage from the DC voltage output from the traction battery, the switching elements need to be switched at a frequency higher than the fundamental frequency of the alternating current to be generated. Therefore, it is desirable, for example, that the output voltage be changed at least 10 times for the period of the fundamental wave of the sinusoidal phase current, i.e., 10 switching processes of the switching elements.

[0005] Since the fundamental frequency of the sinusoidal current, especially during the traction drive of a motor vehicle, increases with increasing rotational speed, the switching elements must be driven and controlled at increasingly faster speeds to maintain a desired ratio between the driving and control of the switching elements and the fundamental frequency of the generated alternating voltage. This requires, similarly, obtaining the corresponding switching signal information related to the alternating voltage to be adjusted at a higher speed so that this switching signal information can be used for the corresponding driving and control of the switching elements. Since it is typically necessary to calculate its own switching signal information for each switching process, a calculation frequency corresponding to the desired switching process and a multiple of the fundamental frequency of the alternating voltage to be generated is obtained from the calculation device.

[0006] Therefore, as the switching frequency increases, the time available to obtain the switching signal information also decreases, thus placing higher demands on the effective power of the computing device used to determine the switching signal information. When the frequency of the fundamental wave increases, specifically when the traction motor operates at high frequency, the need for multiple switching processes per cycle of the fundamental wave of the generated alternating voltage requires a faster computing device capable of performing the necessary calculations in a correspondingly shorter time. However, faster computing devices with higher calculation frequencies are generally expensive, and the complexity of the calculation process itself and the communication between components in the traction drive unit also increases. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a method to eliminate the correlation between the switching frequency and the calculation frequency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To achieve this objective, in the method of the type described at the beginning, according to the present invention, the switching signal information is respectively defined as the pre-defined on-time duration and signal position information for at least one switching signal time window with a fixed duration, wherein, for an on-time signal obtained from an on-time duration shorter than the duration of the switching signal time window, the position of the on-time signal within the switching signal time window is indicated by the signal position information.

[0008] The switching signal information includes on-time and signal position information. The switching signal information can be continuously determined by a computing unit, such as a controller, at a calculation frequency, and transmitted via an interface to the drive circuit for driving the switching element. The on-time for turning on the switching element within the switching signal time window corresponds to the duty cycle of the switching element, and specifies at which part of the switching signal duration or switching signal time window the switching element will be switched to conduction. In current methods for driving switching elements, the switching element is typically driven in a centrally synchronized manner, where the on-signal is centered within a single associated time window. The duration of the on-signal, i.e., the width of the on-pulse, is related to the duty cycle to be adjusted or the duration during which the switching element should be switched to conduction.

[0009] By using signal position information, additional degrees of freedom for positioning the turn-on signal within the switching signal time window can be advantageously obtained. The position of the turn-on signal within the switching signal time window relates to its position over time within that window. The turn-on signal can be, for example, a rectangular pulse positioned between a first level corresponding to logic zero ("0") for a switching element to be turned off and a second level corresponding to logic one ("1") for a switching element to be turned on. For this pulse, the position within the switching signal time window can be indicated by position information, i.e., the start and end of the rectangular pulse relative to the start and end of the switching signal time window. It is also possible to divide the turn-on signal into two or more partial signals, wherein, in particular, the position within the switching signal time window is also determined separately for each partial turn-on signal.

[0010] The method according to the invention achieves the elimination / decoupling between two calculation frequencies, namely, the frequency at which new switching signal position information appears and the frequency used to switch the switching element. To this end, for each occurrence of switching information within one or more switching signal time windows, in addition to the on-time, the position of the on-signal within the switching signal time window is also given. This allows for the modification of the position of the on-signal within the switching signal time window.

[0011] According to the present invention, the switching signal information can predefine the on-time duration and the position of the on-signal for two or more switching signal time windows respectively. This enables the generation of independent on-signals by, for example, the position of the on-signal in each switching signal time window. It is also possible to form a common total on-pulse across the switching signal time windows, as will be explained in detail below. In this way, the switching element can be driven independently of, for example, the frequency at which the switching signal information is continuously determined by the controller. Through this decoupling, a higher driving frequency can also be selected when needed, for example, when multiple switching processes are performed for the fundamental wave of the alternating voltage to be generated, because the maximum frequency used to switch the switching element is no longer related to the calculation frequency used to determine the switching signal information.

[0012] Furthermore, a lower switching frequency can be generated by continuously applying total turn-on pulses over multiple switching signal time windows. This allows for the maintenance of computational quality for complex functions, such as speed filters, while reducing the switching frequency, for example, by halving it. Since there is a switching signal information for each calculation cycle, the on and off sides of the continuous total turn-on pulses over multiple switching signal time windows can be calculated as independent switching signal information, thereby significantly improving the regulation bandwidth. Thus, by means of the method according to the invention, a reduction in switching frequency can be advantageously achieved together with an increased regulation bandwidth relative to central synchronous drive control.

[0013] Compared to purely centrally synchronized drive control (in which the turn-on signal is symmetrical and arranged at the center of, for example, a twice-larger switching signal time window), the method according to the invention matches the ratio between the calculation frequency and the switching frequency used to drive the switching element by using a shorter switching signal time window and by moving the turn-on signal within the switching signal time window.

[0014] It may be advantageous here that when obtaining the on-time and signal position information for each switching signal information, i.e., for each calculation cycle, for two or more switching signal time windows respectively, and / or when dividing the on-signal into multiple part signals by the signal position information, a switching frequency higher than the calculation frequency of the switching element is selected. By means of the method according to the invention, it is advantageous to achieve an increase in the switching frequency without using a faster computing device, and especially while maintaining the desired load level, thereby saving costs in the manufacture of the circuit equipment. However, additionally or alternatively, it is also possible, for example, to select a switching frequency lower than the calculation frequency by combining the on-signal in a single switching signal time window into a common total on pulse, so that when using the method according to the invention and with the same interface, the drive and control of the switching element can be variably matched to different conditions and requirements.

[0015] Here, the position of the on-time signal is given at least for on-time signals whose on-time is less than the duration of the switching signal time window, i.e., for on-time signals with a duty cycle less than 100%. Specifically, the position of the on-time signal within the switching signal time window can be given for on-time signals whose on-time is greater than zero and less than the duration of the switching signal time window. For on-time signals whose on-time corresponds to the duration of the switching signal time window, or for on-time signals of switching elements that are continuously off for the duration of the switching signal time window, no special position is assigned, because the switching state of the switching element remains the same within the switching signal time window, and therefore the on-time signal does not change within the switching signal time window.

[0016] Nevertheless, within the scope of the method according to the invention, it is feasible to also use an on-time that corresponds to a continuously on or continuously off switching signal, i.e., thus corresponding to a duty cycle of 100% or 0% in the switching signal time window, wherein no special signal position information needs to be transmitted for the switching signal time window, and wherein the transmitted signal position information is an on-time signal indicating a continuously on or continuously off switching element without affecting the duration of the switching signal time window.

[0017] Furthermore, a minimum or maximum permissible on-time can be specified, which is less than the duration of the switching signal time window, to account for the maximum switching speed of the switching elements and therefore eliminate the need for switching processes that are physically impossible to achieve by the switching elements. This avoids the situation where the switching signal information cannot be provided by the switching elements with excessively short on-time or off-time.

[0018] According to the invention, signal position information can be specified to provide a position from a group of multiple possible positions. Advantageously, this reduces the possibility of a substantially infinite number of turn-on signals with durations shorter than the switching signal time window to a manageable level. Advantageously, this allows for the assignment of numbers to individual positions within the group of multiple possible positions, and these numbers are used as signal position information. Advantageously, this allows the number to be transmitted as signal position information to a driving circuit via a corresponding interface, for example, and the driving circuit to occupy the corresponding position of the turn-on signal, for example, according to a stored assignment rule.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a group of possible positions includes: a disconnected edge position, wherein the turn-on signal begins directly at the start of the switching signal time window; a turn-on edge position, wherein the turn-on signal ends directly at the end of the switching signal time window; a central synchronization position, wherein the turn-on signal is centered within the switching signal time window; and / or a reversed position, wherein a first portion of the turn-on signal begins directly at the start of the switching signal time window and a second portion of the turn-on signal ends at the end of the switching signal time window, wherein a disconnected phase exists between the first portion and the second portion.

[0020] In the off-edge position, the turn-on signal begins directly at the start of the switching signal time window. Based on the duration of the turn-on signal, i.e., the off-edge position falls within the switching signal time window. From the off-edge, a disconnect phase begins and extends to the end of the switching signal time window. During the disconnect phase, the turn-on signal is at the level corresponding to the disconnected switching element.

[0021] At the turn-on edge position, the turn-on signal ends with the end of the switching signal time window, wherein the turn-on edge position is within the switching signal time window according to the duration of the turn-on signal. The turn-off phase begins from the switching signal time window and continues until the turn-on edge, wherein the turn-on phase follows the turn-on signal after the turn-on edge.

[0022] The on-edge and off-edge positions can be used to combine multiple on-signals into one or more total on-signals, which extend beyond the end of a switching signal time window. Particularly feasible is to combine the on-edge and off-edge positions with additional on-signals having an on-time duration corresponding to the entire duration of the switching signal time window. Here, one or more additional on-signals with a duty cycle corresponding to 100% can be arranged temporally between the on-signal at the on-edge position and the on-signal at the off-edge position, thereby obtaining a combined on-signal spanning multiple switching signal time windows.

[0023] Another possible location for the activation signal is the central synchronization position, where the activation signal is centrally located within the switching signal time window. This allows for the sequential generation of multiple centrally synchronized activation signals, resulting in an activation frequency that increases the number of switching signal time windows used relative to the calculation frequency used to determine the switching signal information. Thus, when using two switching signal time windows, the switching frequency can be doubled relative to the calculation frequency. Correspondingly, when using more than two switching signal time windows, a further increase in the switching frequency relative to the calculation frequency can be achieved.

[0024] The possibility given by the inverted position (where the first part of the turn-on signal begins directly at the start of the switching signal time window and the second part of the turn-on signal ends at the end of the switching signal time window) is that a disconnection phase is also set between the first and second parts of the turn-on signal within the switching signal time window. Here, the duration of the disconnection phase is obtained from the turn-on duration of the turn-on signal corresponding to the switching signal information. The disconnection phase is particularly centrally symmetrical with respect to the time of the switching signal time window, thereby obtaining an inverted central synchronization position of the turn-on signal. By means of the inverted position, the turn-on signal that begins in the previous switching signal time window ends within the switching signal time window and a new turn-on signal begins.

[0025] By combining different positions of the on signal in the possible position group, it is advantageous to realize the state transition between the on and off phases at any time. This has the advantage that, for example, the output voltage generated by at least one switching element can be realized very precisely. Especially in conjunction with regulation, the voltage used as a regulating parameter, such as the stator voltage of a multiphase system, can be realized more accurately in a simple manner, which has a positive impact on the accuracy of the current to be regulated and, in particular, the torque of the motor supplied by the current.

[0026] Different positions within the possible position group not only achieve a visible computational complexity but also increase the frequency by two times or more while keeping the computation frequency constant. Here, as an addition to these positions, continuously on and continuously off on signals can also be used. In particular, by keeping the state unchanged, for example, between two successive switching signal time windows, and by generating state changes through on-edge positions, off-edge positions, and / or inversion positions, the positioning obtained from the position and on-time duration is combined to generate a continuous signal.

[0027] In addition to doubling the frequency, it is also possible to halve or further reduce the switching frequency relative to the calculation frequency. Using four different locations also reduces the amount of information that must be transmitted to the drive circuit as switching signals, which advantageously leads to a less complex interface for this purpose.

[0028] According to the present invention, when the switching frequency to be adjusted of at least one switching element is less than the calculation frequency used to continuously determine the switching signal information, the positions of a plurality of successive turn-on signals are selected such that a continuous total turn-on pulse is obtained over a plurality of switching signal time windows. The continuous total turn-on pulse consists of a turn-on edge or rising edge within a first switching window, one or more continuous turn-on states in one or more other switching signal time windows, and a turn-off edge position in the last switching signal time window.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the switching frequency to be adjusted for at least one switching element is greater than the calculation frequency used to continuously determine the switching signal information, a plurality of successive turn-on signals are generated, each having a central arrangement within a switching signal time window. This achieves, as a sequence of periodic turn-on signals, a multiple adjustment of the calculation frequency used to obtain the switching information. Here, for each obtained switching signal information, particularly for two or more switching signal time windows, a centrally synchronized turn-on signal is provided, for example. The sequence of turn-on signals can extend over the plurality of obtained switching signal information, and particularly includes turn-on signals with different turn-on durations, different pulse widths, or different duty cycles within the plurality of switching signal time windows associated with different switching signal information.

[0030] According to the present invention, a circuit assembly may include multiple switching elements, which are driven by a driving circuit to turn on and off based on one or more switching signal information. For example, the multiple switching elements may be switched individually by switching signal information. Alternatively, two or more transistors forming a common switching unit may be operated by a common switching signal information. Here, for example, in a half-bridge, a higher-order transistor is switched according to the switching signal information, wherein a lower-order transistor is switched complementaryly, such that the lower-order transistor is turned off during the on-phase of the higher-order transistor and turned on during the off-phase of the higher-order transistor.

[0031] According to the invention, a pulse inverter, particularly a three-phase one, can be used as an electrical circuit device. Here, for example, each of the three phase currents can be generated by driving one or more switching elements, particularly a half-bridge comprising two of the switching elements. The pulse inverter may include, for example, three half-bridges, thereby generating a three-phase alternating voltage through the electrical circuit device. Preferably, the pulse inverter can operate bidirectionally, thereby achieving reverse current conversion, for example, when a generator connected to a motor is running.

[0032] According to the present invention, the switching signal information is obtained by the controller, wherein, in order to determine one of the switching signal information, at least one measurement value, in particular a stator current measurement value and / or angular position measurement value of a motor connected to an electrical circuit device, is transmitted to the controller.

[0033] Therefore, each switching signal information can be generated based on one or more measured values, such as the stator current measurement and / or angular position measurement of a motor energized by an electrical circuit device. Here, for example, the switching signal information can be generated based on motor operation and / or generator operation. Here, the one or more measured values ​​are obtained via one or more measuring devices associated with the motor and / or electrical circuitry, particularly at at least one measurement frequency corresponding to the calculation frequency. In particular, there are new or current measured values ​​for each switching signal information to be obtained.

[0034] According to the present invention, switching signal information can be selected based on the operating point of the electrical circuit device and / or the operating point of the motor connected to the electrical circuit device. This enables, for example, the selection and adjustment of the switching frequency to be adjusted of at least one switching element based on the operating point of the electrical circuit device or the operating point of the motor connected to the electrical circuit device. Therefore, a switching frequency in particular can be used where the electrical circuit device and / or the motor has minimal losses. The relationship between the possible operating points of the electrical circuit device and / or the possible operating points of the motor connected to the electrical circuit device can, for example, be stored in a controller configured to perform the method.

[0035] For a controller according to the invention for driving a circuit for an electrical circuit device including at least one switching element, it is specified that the controller is configured to implement the method according to the invention.

[0036] According to the electrical circuit device specified in the invention, the circuit device includes a drive circuit, an electrical circuit device including at least one switching element, and a controller according to the invention.

[0037] According to the provisions of the present invention, a motor vehicle includes electrical circuitry according to the present invention.

[0038] All the advantages and design schemes described above with reference to the method according to the invention are accordingly applicable to the controller according to the invention, the electrical circuit device according to the invention, the motor vehicle according to the invention, and vice versa. Accordingly, the advantages and details of the controller according to the invention are also applicable to the electrical circuit device according to the invention and the motor vehicle according to the invention, and vice versa. Furthermore, the advantages and details of the electrical circuit device according to the invention are also applicable to the motor vehicle according to the invention, and vice versa. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Further advantages and details of the invention will become apparent from the embodiments described below and from the accompanying drawings. The following are illustrative drawings, in which:

[0040] Figure 1 An embodiment of a motor vehicle according to the present invention is shown.

[0041] Figure 2 An embodiment of an electrical circuit device according to the invention, including a controller according to the invention for implementing an embodiment of the method according to the invention, is shown.

[0042] Figures 3-6 A graph is shown to illustrate the different positions of the turn-on signal within the signal switching time window.

[0043] Figure 7 A graph is shown to illustrate the on-state signal of a switching element that remains on within a switching signal time window.

[0044] Figure 8 A graph is shown to illustrate the on-state signal of a switching element that remains open within a switching signal time window.

[0045] Figure 9 A diagram is shown illustrating the first operating state of a switching element driven by the method according to the invention.

[0046] Figure 10A diagram is shown illustrating a second operating state of a switching element driven by a method according to the invention, and

[0047] Figure 11 A diagram is shown illustrating the third operating state of a switching element driven by means of the method according to the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] exist Figure 1 An embodiment of a motor vehicle 1 is shown. The motor vehicle 1 includes an electrical switching device 2 and a controller 3. The controller is configured to drive an electrical circuit 4, including at least one switching element, of the electrical switching device 2. The electrical circuit 4 is used to convert the DC voltage provided by the motor vehicle's traction accumulator 5 into a three-phase alternating voltage for operating the traction motor 6 of the motor vehicle 1. Conversion of the opposite current during generator operation of the traction motor 6 is also possible. The traction motor can be implemented, for example, as a synchronous motor or an asynchronous motor. For example, the traction accumulator 5 can be a battery, such as a high-voltage battery.

[0049] exist Figure 2 The diagram shows an electrical circuit device 2. In addition to a controller 3 and an electrical circuit assembly 4 configured as, for example, a three-phase pulse inverter, the electrical circuit device 2 also includes a drive circuit 7 for driving the switching elements S of the control circuit assembly 4. i For visibility reasons, the connection between the drive circuit 7 and the gate connectors of the switching elements S1-S6 is not shown. The switching elements S1-S6 are implemented as transistors, such as metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors or bipolar transistors with insulated gates.

[0050] The controller 3 continuously determines the switching signal information, which is transmitted from the controller 3 to the drive circuit 7 via an interface. Based on the switching signal information, the drive circuit 7 drives the switching element S of the circuit assembly 4. i At least a portion of it. Circuit component 4 is at terminal DC. + and DC - It is connected to the traction accumulator 5, which is not shown here.

[0051] The controller 3 is configured to drive the drive circuit 7 to drive at least one of the switching elements S1-S6 of the electrical circuit device 4. i The drive circuit 7 controls the corresponding switching element S according to the switching signal information. i The switching signal information is continuously determined by the controller 3 at a calculated frequency, and then limited to the duration between obtaining two switching signal information by the maximum possible calculation frequency and, consequently, by the calculation capability of the controller 3.

[0052] The controller 3 may determine switching signal information based on at least one measured value. For this purpose, the controller 3 may be connected to one or more measuring devices associated with the circuit assembly 4 and / or the motor 6. These measuring devices may be, for example, a stator current measuring device 8 and / or an angular position measuring device 9, which respectively transmit stator current or angular position measurements to the controller 3.

[0053] The signal location information predefines the on-time duration and signal location information for at least one switching signal time window with a fixed duration. Here, for an on-time signal obtained from an on-time duration shorter than the switching signal time window, the position of the on-time signal within the switching signal time window is given by the signal location information. The following... Figures 3 to 8 The diagram illustrates, exemplarily, the possible positions of the turn-on signal 10 within the first switching signal time window 11. Here, time is shown on the horizontal axis, and the signal level of the turn-on signal 10 is shown on the vertical axis. For the same calculation period T... Calc Within the second switching signal time window 12, the turn-on signal 10 is not shown accordingly.

[0054] exist Figure 3 The diagram shows the position of the disconnection edge of the turn-on signal 10. In this embodiment, T... Calc Within the calculation duration of controller 3 (i.e., the reciprocal of the calculation frequency of controller 3), there are two switching signal time windows 11 and 12. The first switching signal time window 11 shows an on signal 10, which is located at the off edge position. At this time, the on signal 10 starts directly at the beginning of the switching signal time window 11. The on signal 10 is associated with an on duration DC1, which is, for example, 75% of the duration corresponding to the time of the switching signal time window 11. This means that the on duration T of the on signal 10... e A duty cycle corresponding to 75% or 75% of the duration of the switching signal time window 11. Accordingly, the turn-on signal 10 is turned on at the beginning of the switching signal time window 11, and during the turn-on phase, 75% of the duration of the switching signal time window 11, a turn-off edge 13 occurs. Between the turn-off edge 13 and the end of the switching signal time window 11, there is a turn-off phase 14. The turn-on phase is formed by a first signal level of the switching signal, which is different from the second signal level representing the turn-off phase 14.

[0055] exist Figure 4The image shows the turn-on edge position of the turn-on signal 10. In this example, the turn-on duration DC1 is also 75% of the duration of the switching signal time window 11. At the turn-on edge position, the turn-on signal 10 ends directly at the end of the switching signal time window 11. Therefore, at the beginning of the switching signal time window 11, there is a disconnection phase 14, followed by a turn-on edge 15, and the turn-on signal 10 is in the position of the turn-on switching element S for the remaining duration of the switching signal time window 11 corresponding to the turn-on duration. i At the first signal level.

[0056] exist Figure 5 The diagram shows the central synchronization position of the turn-on signal 10. In this position, the turn-on signal is centered within the switching signal time window 11. In this example, the turn-on duration is also 75% of the duration of the switching signal time window 11. A disconnection phase 14 exists after the disconnection edge 13 and before the turn-on edge 15 of the turn-on signal 10.

[0057] exist Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the inverted position of the turn-on signal 10 within the switching signal time window 11, wherein the first portion 16 of the turn-on signal 10 begins directly at the start of the switching signal time window 11 and the second portion 17 of the turn-on signal 10 ends at the end of the switching signal time window 11. A disconnection phase 14 exists between the first portion 16 and the second portion 17 of the turn-on signal 10. In this embodiment, the turn-on duration of the turn-on signal is also 75% of the duration of the switching signal time window 11.

[0058] There is a disconnection edge of the switching signal 10 between the first part 16 and the disconnection phase 14. Correspondingly, there is a connection edge 15 between the disconnection phase 14 and the second part 17 of the turn-on signal 10. The disconnection phase 14 is centrally located in the switching signal time window 11, so that the required 75% turn-on duration DC1 is obtained from the first part 16 and the second part 17 of the turn-on signal 10 as a whole.

[0059] Advantageously, the position number shown above can be represented, for example, by a value PosDC1 as a two-bit binary number. This enables the controller 3 to transmit the signal position information as the value PosDC1 to the drive circuit 7. Accordingly, the drive circuit 7 can store allocation rules that drive, for example, a switching element S1 based on the signal position information PosDC1 and the additionally transmitted on-time DC1.

[0060] It can be specified that during the disconnection phase 14 of the on signal 10, the switching signal S4, which forms a half-bridge with the switching element S1, is turned on, thereby providing a complementary switching mode for the switching element S4. Alternatively, the switching element S4 can also be switched using its own associated switching signal information. Accordingly, this also applies to other higher-level switching elements S2 and S3, as well as corresponding other lower-level switching elements S5 and S6. Except in Figures 3 to 6 In addition to the positions shown, it is also possible to have an on-time of 100% of the duration corresponding to the time of the switching signal time window and an on-time of 0% of the duration corresponding to the time of the switching signal time window.

[0061] exist Figure 7 The diagram illustrates a situation where the on-time corresponds to 100% of the duration of the switching signal time window 11. Accordingly, the on-signal 10 is in contact with the switching element S for the entire duration of the time window 11. i The switching level is associated with the on state. In this case, it is not necessary to associate the separate position with the on signal 10, because the value of the on signal is constant throughout the entire duration of the switching signal time window 11. In this situation, no signal position information is transmitted.

[0062] exist Figure 8 Accordingly, the on-time signal 10 is shown for 0% of the on-time duration within the switching signal time window 11. Correspondingly, the on-time signal 10 is in a state consistent with the switching element S for the entire duration of the switching signal time window 11. i The corresponding switching level is on the disconnected state, so that no position is assigned or allocated in this case.

[0063] As mentioned above Figures 3 to 8 As already pointed out, in the calculation period T Calc Within the switching signal time window 11, there is at least one other switching signal time window 12, to which the on-time duration DC2 and signal position information PosDC2 of the turn-on signal 10 within the second switching signal time window 12 can be allocated accordingly. This enables the individual states of the turn-on signal 10 shown above to be combined with each other to obtain at least one switching element S i Different drive and control schemes.

[0064] Here, the on-time DC2 and the signal position information PosDC2 are obtained as common switching signal information, specifically from the same measured value of measuring elements 8 and 9. It can be specified that the on-time DC2 is equal to the on-time DC1, thereby keeping the computational cost of obtaining switching signal information for the two switching signal time windows 11 and 12 low. For example, it is also possible to use different on-times according to a specified ratio or an allocation rule stored in the controller 3. For the signal position information PosDC2 of the on-signal 10 in the second switching signal time window 12, the same or another position can be given through the signal position information PosDC1, thereby obtaining the switched switching element S. i Different combinations of the turn-on signal and switching frequency, as will be described below.

[0065] exist Figure 9 The diagram shows the switching element S. i One example is shown here. For a calculation duration T... n During the switching signal time windows 11 and 12, a centrally synchronized on signal 10 is output. For the switching signal time window 11, the on signal 10 has an on duration DC1, and for the second switching signal time window 12, the on signal 10 has an on duration DC2. Here, the corresponding duration T of the on-process is... s Let T be the duration of the calculation process. n Half of it is determined during the calculation process, specifically the switching signal information. This allows for two switching operations on element S for each obtained switching signal information. i The switching process. Therefore, the switching element S... i Switching frequency f s =1 / T s This is twice the frequency at which controller 3 calculates the switching signal information.

[0066] The turn-on signal 10, which is centrally synchronized within a single switching signal time window, can also be used for the next calculation cycle T. n+1 This continues to be given as a switching signal in the central synchronization position. Based on, for example, new measurements evaluated by controller 3, the calculation period T can be... n+1 Select new on-time durations DC1 and / or DC2 for switching signal time windows 11 and 12, respectively.

[0067] This operational state is achieved at a low computation frequency f. Calc =1 / T n Switching element S can also be realized at this time. iHigh switching frequency. In one calculation cycle, controller 3 calculates two or more successive centrally synchronized pulses with the same current or angle information. This operating state, for example, enables the motor 6 and circuit components 4 to operate with minimal losses, particularly exceeding the controller's calculation frequency f. Calc At high switching frequencies.

[0068] By showing the switching element S i The switching frequency can be doubled, and an even higher switching frequency f can be achieved when motor 6 is running. s This allows for the advantageous avoidance of losses due to resonance, which in turn improves the efficiency of the motor 6. Consequently, when the electrical circuit device 2 is used in the motor vehicle 1, the effective distance of the motor vehicle 1 can be advantageously increased during electric driving (in which the traction motor 6 is powered by the traction accumulator 5).

[0069] Based on the design scheme of controller 3, the calculation time T is... n For example, it could be 100 μs. Here, for example, it can be specified that the controller has 80% load and thus calculates the switching signal information within 80 μs, wherein the new switching signal information is transmitted to the drive circuit 7 via the interface over all 100 μs. Within the 100 μs calculation time window, the switching element S can be... i The switching signal information is transmitted to the drive circuit, and the drive circuit uses it accordingly to drive and control the switching element S. i Therefore, a switching frequency of 20 kHz can be achieved by using two switching signal time windows in each calculation cycle. Advantageously, this method achieves a better replication of the sinusoidal voltage trend compared to purely central synchronous control within a double-long time window, which would result in a switching frequency of 10 kHz. Advantageously, the frequency boost is also greater, for example, exceeding the 12.5 kHz switching frequency achievable when the load increases to 100%.

[0070] exist Figure 10 The switching element S described by means of this method is shown in the figure. i The second drive and control scheme. In this case, the switching element S... i The switching duration Ts is the calculation period T. n or T n+1 Doubled. During this drive operation, the first calculation cycle T within the first switching signal time window 11. n The output is a turn-on signal with a turn-on duration of DC1 at the turn-on edge position.

[0071] In the subsequent switching signal time window 12, a turn-on signal with DC2 equal to 100 is continuously output. Correspondingly, in the second calculation period T used for the first switching signal time window 11... n+1 The output is an on signal with a continuous on duration of DC1 equal to 100%. In the subsequent switching signal time window 12, an on signal 10 with an on duration of, for example, 75% DC2 at the off edge position is output. This results in the overall signal being on for two calculation cycles T. n And T n+1 The output is a total turn-on pulse 18. Since the width of this pulse spans multiple switching signal time windows 11 and 12, the switching frequency f... s =1 / T s For frequency f n =1 / T n Half of it. In the first switching signal time window 11, the on side 15 of the total on pulse 18 is set at the beginning, and correspondingly, the off side 13 is set in the second calculation transition period T. n+1 The final switching signal time window is 12.

[0072] exist Figure 11 The switching element S is shown in the figure. i The third drive control state is one of the driving control states. In this drive control state, a turn-on signal 10 is given at the turn-on edge position and has, for example, a turn-on duration DC1 of 40% in the first switching signal time window 11. In the first calculation cycle T n In the subsequent second switching signal time window 12, the turn-on signal 10, which also has a turn-on duration of 40% DC2, is adjusted accordingly at the off edge position. In the subsequent calculation cycle T... n+1 Accordingly, a turn-on signal 10 with a turn-on duration DC1 is given in the first switching signal time window 11, and another turn-on signal with a turn-on duration DC2 at the disconnection edge position is given in the second switching signal time window 12.

[0073] What is feasible here is to perform the calculation in the second calculation period T. n The on-times DC1 and DC2 are the same, but they differ from the on-times DC1 and DC2 within the switching signal time windows 11 and 12 belonging to the first calculation cycle N. For calculation cycle T n+1 The switching signal information is determined based on the new measurement value transmitted to controller 3, thereby obtaining another pulse width of the overall switching pulse 19 obtained here. In this embodiment, the switching frequency f s =1 / T s Equal to calculating frequency f n =1 / T n .

[0074] In this way, different drive cycles can be implemented using this method to drive at least one switching element S. i In addition to the standard case where the on-time DC1 is equal to the on-time DC2, an asymmetric total on-time pulse 19 can also be generated by the method according to the invention, that is, in which an on-time DC2 different from that used for the first switching signal time window 11 is set in the second switching signal time window 12.

[0075] It is feasible, especially when using in Figure 6 The reversed on signal shown in the figure and in Figure 8 In the case of a continuous disconnection state shown, an additional drive control process is generated. In this way, additional drive control signals can be generated during their time progression to further match the optimal operating conditions of the electrical circuit device 4 and / or the motor 6. It is also possible to, in addition to each calculation cycle T, n In addition to the examples using two switching signal time windows 11 and 12, three or more switching signal time windows can be used. This also specifically achieves the effect relative to the calculated frequency f. n Switch frequency f s Increased by more than 2 times. Through other means... Figures 3 to 6 The position of the turn-on signal 10 shown in the figure also enables the implementation of the switching frequency f in this case. s Equal to calculating frequency f n Or switch the frequency f within it s Less than the switching frequency f n This makes the drive and control state possible.

[0076] In addition to the positions shown, various other positions can also be implemented, such as those containing more than one complete on-pulse, that is, positions with two or more pairs of on and off sides. Here, the on-time of the switching signal time window can be divided into two or more partial on-signals, which are combined into a periodic total signal, particularly over multiple switching signal time windows. By using one or more such positions, the switching frequency can also be increased for each calculation cycle within a single switching signal time window. This design increases the number of possible positions, thus requiring larger and more complex signal position information.

[0077] Advantageously, by means of this method, the switching element S can be implemented at the specified maximum processor load of the processor of controller 3. iThe highest possible switching frequency is achieved. This advantageously avoids the need for a relatively expensive controller 3 with a high-power processor to operate the circuit components 4 or to energize the motor 6. Furthermore, it is advantageous to achieve, when a fundamental wave with a higher frequency is required, a sufficient number of switching processes, such as ten times, of the switching elements S1-S6 for each cycle of the fundamental wave of the alternating voltage to be generated; more precisely, more switching processes can be used for a given fundamental frequency of the alternating voltage.

Claims

1. A device for driving and controlling including at least one switching element (S) i The method of the electrical circuit device (4), wherein, The switching element (S) is driven by the driving circuit (7) according to the switching signal information for turning on and off. i The switching signal information is continuously determined, and the switching signal information is a predefined connection duration and signal position information for at least one switching signal time window (11, 12) with a fixed duration. For a connection signal (10) obtained from a connection duration shorter than the duration of the switching signal time window (11, 12), the position of the connection signal (10) within the switching signal time window is indicated by the signal position information. The signal position information gives a position from a group of multiple possible positions, which includes: a disconnection edge position, in which the connection signal (10) starts directly at the beginning of the switching signal time window (11, 12); and a connection edge position, in which the connection signal (10) starts at the beginning of the switching signal time window (11, 12). In the edge position, the turn-on signal (10) ends directly at the end of the switching signal time window (11, 12); in the central synchronization position, the turn-on signal (10) is centered in the switching signal time window (11, 12); and / or inverted position, in the inverted position, the first part (16) of the turn-on signal (10) starts directly at the beginning of the switching signal time window (11, 12), and the second part (17) of the turn-on signal (10) ends at the end of the switching signal time window (11, 12), wherein there is a disconnection phase (14) between the first part (16) and the second part (17), wherein the calculation frequency for continuously determining the switching signal position information and the switching frequency of the switching element are decoupled.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching signal information consists of two or more switching signal time windows (11, 12) that predetermine the connection duration and signal location information respectively.

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, In the at least one switching element (S i When the switching frequency to be adjusted is less than the calculation frequency used to continuously determine the switching signal information, the positions of multiple successive turn-on signals (10) are selected so that a total turn-on pulse (18, 19) is obtained in multiple switching signal time windows (11, 12).

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, In the at least one switching element (S i When the switching frequency to be adjusted is greater than the calculation frequency used to continuously determine the switching signal information, multiple consecutive turn-on signals (10) are generated and centrally arranged in the switching signal time window (11, 12).

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The electrical circuit device (4) includes multiple switching elements (S i The switching element is driven by the driving circuit (7) according to one or more switching signal information for turning on and off.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, A three-phase pulse inverter is used as the electrical circuit device (4).

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The switching signal information is determined by the controller (3), wherein, in order to determine one of the switching signal information, at least one measurement value is transmitted to the controller (3).

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The at least one measurement is the stator current measurement and / or angular position measurement of the motor (6) connected to the electrical circuit device (4).

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The switching signal information is selected based on the operating point of the electrical circuit device (4) and / or the operating point of the motor (6) connected to the electrical circuit device (4).

10. A method for driving and controlling components including at least one switching element (S) i The controller of the drive circuit (7) of the electrical circuit device (4), wherein, The controller (3) is configured to implement the method according to any one of the preceding claims.

11. An electrical circuit device comprising a drive circuit (7) and at least one switching element (S) i The electrical circuit device (4) and the controller (3) according to claim 10.

12. A motor vehicle comprising the electrical circuitry (2) as described in claim 11.

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