Vertical shaft downward shield construction method and device

Abstract

The present invention is a method and device for constructing a vertical shaft downward shield, wherein the method for constructing a vertical shaft downward shield includes the following steps: making a shaft ring beam; constructing a vertical shaft bottom plate and forming a working chamber, installing an excavation device and a slag delivery device; using the excavation device to excavate the soil downward, and when the downward excavation reaches a preset height, constructing a top ring structure, assembling a ring of pipe segments at the bottom of the top ring structure, and installing a push cylinder on the top surface of the vertical shaft bottom plate; retracting the push cylinder at the position to be assembled corresponding to a new pipe segment, after a new pipe segment is delivered to the position to be assembled, using the push cylinder to push and press the pipe segment until a new ring of pipe segments is assembled in sequence; using the excavation device to continue excavating downward, and when the downward excavation meets the height of a ring of pipe segments, repeating the above steps until the excavation depth reaches the design elevation of the bottom of the vertical shaft. The present invention solves the problems of low mechanization, complex construction, and low construction efficiency in existing large-diameter vertical shaft construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction, and in particular to a vertical shaft downward shield construction method and device. Background Art

[0002] Mechanized construction of large-diameter shafts has always been a difficult problem in the field of underground engineering. Currently, the traditional caisson method is mostly used for construction. After the shaft is built on the ground, it sinks as it is excavated. Not only is the degree of mechanization low and the construction speed slow, but the shaft is also prone to deflection, poor sinking, and the need to add sinking aids when sinking. Especially in the field of large-diameter shaft construction, in most cases, the construction needs to lower the groundwater level, which is currently difficult to apply in densely populated cities. In recent years, with the development of science and technology, some mechanized construction methods have gradually emerged, but there are also problems such as the need to lower the groundwater level in advance during construction, the difficulty of fixing the shaft side wall pipe sections on the side wall in the soil layer, the low degree of mechanization, and the slow slag discharge speed affecting the construction progress.

[0003] At present, the demand for the construction of underground shaft parking lots, shield inspection shafts, working shafts, etc. is increasing, and it is necessary to design a mechanized construction method for large-diameter shafts. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for constructing a vertical shaft downward shield, which solves the problems of low mechanization degree, complex construction and low construction efficiency in existing large-diameter vertical shaft construction.

[0005] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a vertical shaft downward shield construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Make a wellhead ring beam on the outer periphery of the vertical shaft to be excavated;

[0008] S2. Build a shaft bottom plate at the top of the shaft to be excavated, and make the shaft bottom plate and the top surface of the shaft to be excavated enclosed to form a working chamber, and install a movable excavating device and a slag conveying device in the working chamber;

[0009] S3, using the excavation device to excavate the soil downward, using the slag conveying device to transport the excavated soil to the designated area in the working chamber, and using the slag discharging device to discharge the slag; when the downward excavation reaches a preset height, a top ring structure is built on the top inner wall of the wellhead ring beam, a ring of pipe segments is assembled at the bottom of the top ring structure using a pipe segment assembly device, and multiple jacking cylinders are evenly installed on the top surface of the shaft bottom plate in the circumferential direction, and each jacking cylinder pushes the corresponding pipe segment upward;

[0010] S4, retract the jacking cylinder at the position to be assembled corresponding to a new pipe segment, use the pipe segment assembly device to send a new pipe segment to the position to be assembled, use the jacking cylinder under the pipe segment to push and compact the pipe segment, and then install fasteners until a new pipe segment is assembled in sequence;

[0011] S5, continue to dig downwards using the excavation device, and continue to transport the slag using the slag delivery device and the slag discharge device; when the downward excavation meets the height of one ring pipe section, repeat step S4 until the excavation depth reaches the design elevation of the bottom of the shaft;

[0012] S6. Remove the corresponding device and complete the bottom sealing of the shaft;

[0013] S7. Remove the jacking cylinder and process the gap between the current lowest pipe section and the shaft bottom plate.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, when the shaft bottom plate is constructed, an annular shield shell is installed on the top surface of the shaft bottom plate, and an annular shield tail brush is installed on the top of the annular shield shell; in step S3, when a ring pipe segment is assembled at the bottom of the top ring structure, the annular shield tail brush can be in close contact with the outer wall of each pipe segment in the ring pipe segment; after the assembly of the ring pipe segment is completed, the part of the ring pipe segment located above the annular shield tail brush is subjected to back-wall grouting; in step S5, when the downward excavation meets the height of a ring pipe segment, the annular shield shell and the annular shield tail brush sink to the height of a ring pipe segment along with the shaft bottom plate, and the annular shield tail brush is in close contact with the outer wall of the pipe segment of the current lowest layer, grouting the current lowest layer. The portion of the pipe segment located above the annular shield tail brush is subjected to back-wall grouting; then step S4 is repeated until the excavation depth reaches the design elevation of the shaft bottom; in step S6, after the corresponding device is removed, grouting is backfilled into the working chamber to complete the bottom sealing of the shaft; the portion of the pipe segment located below the annular shield tail brush in the current bottom layer is also subjected to back-wall grouting; in step S7, after the top push cylinder is removed, a pipe segment assembly device is used to assemble another ring of pipe segments under the current bottom layer of the pipe segment, and after the assembly of the ring of pipe segments is completed, the newly assembled pipe segment is subjected to back-wall grouting, and then the gap between the bottom of the newly assembled pipe segment and the top surface of the shaft bottom plate is cast on site to make a bottom ring structure.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, a shaft bottom plate is constructed at the top of the shaft to be excavated, and a working chamber is formed between the shaft bottom plate and the top surface of the shaft to be excavated, including the following steps: filling sand and soil at the top of the shaft to be excavated; placing a guide rail on the top of the sand and soil, and making the shaft bottom plate on the sand and soil by using a casting-on-site method, so that the guide rail is pre-buried in the bottom surface of the shaft bottom plate; excavating the sand and soil below the shaft bottom plate, and forming a working chamber after all the sand and soil are excavated.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when pouring the shaft floor, a first reserved opening and a second reserved opening are formed on the shaft floor. After the pouring of the shaft floor is completed, an equipment recovery cylinder and a manual maintenance cylinder are respectively installed on the first reserved opening and the second reserved opening; the excavation device and the slag discharge device can be transported to the working bin by the equipment recovery cylinder and can be installed on the guide rail.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slag discharge device includes a screw conveyor, a slag bucket for being placed on the bottom plate of the shaft, and a slag collector for being placed on the ground; in steps S3 and S5, the screw conveyor can transport the slag into the slag bucket, and after the slag bucket is full of slag, the slag bucket is hoisted to the ground and the slag in the slag bucket is poured into the slag collector to achieve slag discharge; or, the slag discharge device includes a slag discharge barrel that can penetrate the bottom plate of the shaft, a slag bucket for being placed on the excavation surface, and a slag collector for being placed on the ground; in steps S3 and S5, the slag delivery device can transport the slag into the slag bucket, and after the slag bucket is full of slag, the slag bucket is hoisted to the ground through the slag discharge barrel and the slag in the slag bucket is poured into the slag collector to achieve slag discharge.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, when the shaft floor is constructed, a plurality of first position sensing probes are installed circumferentially at the bottom of the shaft floor; in steps S3 to S5, each first position sensing probe is also used to monitor the position information of the corresponding position of the shaft floor in real time, and the ground control room can determine whether the shaft floor is skewed based on the position information detected by each first position sensing probe; if so, the ground control room controls the corresponding jacking cylinder to extend or controls the excavation device to excavate the soil in the corresponding area to keep the shaft floor level.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, step S4 is repeated until excavation is downward to a preset height above the groundwater level, and gas is first transported into the working chamber using a gas pressure maintaining device to balance the gas pressure with the groundwater pressure; thereafter, the excavation device is used to continue excavating downward, and the slag conveying device and the slag discharging device are used to continue conveying slag, and when the downward excavation meets the height of a ring pipe section, step S4 is continued to be repeated until the excavation depth reaches the designed elevation of the bottom of the shaft.

[0020] The present invention also provides a vertical shaft downward shield construction device, comprising:

[0021] The shaft ring beam is used to be arranged at the outer periphery of the shaft to be excavated, and a top ring structure is built on the inner wall of its top;

[0022] The shaft bottom plate can be enclosed with the excavation surface of the shaft to be excavated to form a working chamber;

[0023] An excavating device is movably installed in the working chamber and can dig the soil downwards;

[0024] A slag conveying device is movably installed in the working chamber and can transport the slag excavated by the excavating device to a designated area of ​​the working chamber;

[0025] The slag discharge device can transport the slag in the designated area to the designated location on the ground for slag discharge;

[0026] Segment assembly device, used for circumferential assembly of segments;

[0027] And a plurality of push cylinders are evenly distributed and installed on the top surface of the shaft bottom plate in the circumferential direction, which can push and compact the pipe segments assembled by the pipe segment assembly device and can be used for correcting the deviation of the shaft bottom plate.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an annular shield shell is provided on the top periphery of the shaft bottom plate, and an annular shield tail brush is provided on the top of the annular shield shell, and the annular shield tail brush can contact the outer wall of the corresponding pipe segment.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft floor is a cast-in-place concrete structure, a guide rail is pre-buried at the bottom of the shaft floor, an equipment recovery cylinder and a manual maintenance cylinder that can be connected to the working chamber are installed on the shaft floor, and the excavation device and the slag delivery device are both movably installed on the guide rail.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the excavation device includes a first connecting seat, a first turntable, a mechanical cantilever and a cutting head, and the first connecting seat can be slidably suspended on the guide rail; the fixed part of the first turntable is fixedly connected to the first connecting seat, and its rotating part is hinged to the first end of the mechanical cantilever, and the second end of the mechanical cantilever is connected to the cutting head; a first oil cylinder is also hinged between the rotating part of the first turntable and the mechanical cantilever for driving the swing of the mechanical cantilever; the slag delivery device includes a second connecting seat, a second turntable, a bucket cantilever and a bucket, and the second connecting seat can be slidably suspended on the guide rail; the fixed part of the second turntable is fixedly connected to the second connecting seat, and its rotating part is hinged to the first end of the bucket cantilever, and the second end of the bucket cantilever is connected to the bucket; a second oil cylinder is also hinged between the rotating part of the second turntable and the bucket cantilever for driving the swing of the bucket cantilever.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide rail includes a plurality of fixed rails fixed on the bottom plate of the shaft, a reversing area is formed between adjacent fixed rails, and a rotating rail is provided in the reversing area; the rotating rail can be rotatably connected to the bottom plate of the shaft, and can be docked and connected with the corresponding fixed rail through rotation and reversing.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slag discharge device includes a screw conveyor, a slag bucket for being placed on the bottom plate of the shaft, and a slag collector for being placed on the ground. The bottom of the screw conveyor is connected to the working chamber, and the top of the screw conveyor is connected to the slag bucket through a corresponding pipeline. The slag bucket can be lifted to the ground by a corresponding suspension device and the slag in the slag bucket can be poured into the slag collector; or the slag discharge device includes a slag discharge barrel that can penetrate the bottom plate of the shaft, a slag bucket for being placed on the excavation surface, and a slag collector for being placed on the ground. The bottom of the slag discharge barrel is arranged opposite to the slag bucket. The slag bucket can be lifted to the ground through the slag discharge barrel by a corresponding suspension device and the slag in the slag bucket can be poured into the slag collector.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the downward shield construction device in the vertical shaft also includes a gantry and a suspension device, the gantry is erected on the wellhead ring beam, and the suspension device is installed on the gantry; the segment assembly device includes a vehicle body, a front oil cylinder and a suction cup, and a lifting plate that can be raised and lowered is provided on the front end face of the vehicle body, the first end of the front oil cylinder is connected to the lifting plate through a spherical hinge seat, and the second end thereof is connected to the suction cup, and the suction cup can be used to grab the segment lifted by the suspension device.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the downward shield construction device of the vertical shaft also includes a ground control room, and a plurality of first position sensing probes and a plurality of cameras are circumferentially installed at the bottom of the vertical shaft floor, and a second position sensing probe and a third position sensing probe are respectively installed on the excavation device and the slag delivery device; the ground control room is electrically connected to the first position sensing probe, the camera, the second position sensing probe and the third position sensing probe, and can determine whether the vertical shaft floor is skewed according to the position information detected by each first position sensing probe or the image information detected by each camera, and can control the extension of the push cylinder or control the excavation device to excavate the soil in the corresponding area.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the downward shield construction device in the vertical shaft also includes an air pressure maintaining device, which includes an air compressor, a high-pressure gas storage tank, an air purifier and an air pipe connected in sequence, and the air pipe extends into the working chamber and is connected to the working chamber.

[0036] As described above, the shaft downward shield construction method and device of the present invention can be applied to the downward shield construction of large-diameter shafts. By constructing the shaft bottom plate, in the process of continuous digging below the shaft bottom plate, the pipe sections can be assembled ring by ring at the bottom of the top ring structure along its axial downward direction. The entire construction process has changed the construction method of the traditional caisson method. The built shaft part does not need to sink with the excavation, and there is no need to add sinking aids and other processes. The shaft will not have the problem of deflection, and the construction is more reliable and the construction speed is faster. At the same time, by using the cooperation of the excavation device, the slag delivery device, the slag discharge device, the pipe segment assembly device and the top push cylinder, the soil excavation, the slag delivery and slag discharge and the pipe segment assembly can be realized by mechanical equipment, with a higher degree of mechanization, greatly reducing the labor intensity and improving the construction efficiency. In addition, when assembling the ring pipe segments at the bottom of the top ring structure, the jacking cylinder is used to compact the pipe segments at the corresponding installation positions. On the one hand, compared with manual assembly and compaction, the compaction effect on the pipe segments is better, which is more helpful to ensure the fixing effect of the pipe segments on the side walls of the soil layer and the structure is more stable; on the other hand, the tightening effect of the jacking cylinder can also effectively prevent the constructed pipe segments from sliding downward, and the construction reliability is stronger; on the other hand, by controlling the elongation degree of each jacking cylinder, the bottom plate of the shaft can also be corrected to a certain extent to ensure smoother construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The following drawings are intended only to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of construction preparation provided by the present invention, corresponding to step S1.

[0039] Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of casting the shaft bottom plate provided by the present invention, corresponding to part of step S2.

[0040] Figure 3 : A schematic diagram of the installation of the push cylinder provided by the present invention, corresponding to steps S2 and S3.

[0041] Figure 4 :for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the push cylinder position.

[0042] Figure 5 : The schematic diagram after assembling the third ring pipe section provided by the present invention corresponds to step S4.

[0043] Figure 6 :for Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of the push cylinder position.

[0044] Figure 7 : Schematic diagram of the normal shaft structure construction provided by the present invention, corresponding to step S5.

[0045] Figure 8 : A schematic diagram of grouting at the bottom of a vertical shaft provided by the present invention, corresponding to steps S5 and S6.

[0046] Fig. 9 :for Figure 8 A partial enlarged view of the push cylinder position.

[0047] Fig.10 : The schematic diagram after manufacturing the bottom ring structure provided by the present invention corresponds to step S7.

[0048] Fig.11 :for Fig.10 A partial enlarged view of the bottom ring structure.

[0049] Fig.12 : A schematic diagram of the completion of the vertical shaft construction provided by the present invention.

[0050] Fig.13 : Another schematic diagram of making a wellhead ring beam provided by the present invention.

[0051] Fig.14 : Another schematic diagram of making a shaft bottom plate provided by the present invention.

[0052] Fig.15 : A partial enlarged view of the excavation device provided by the present invention.

[0053] Fig.16 : Schematic diagram of the cooperation between the first connecting seat and the guide rail provided by the present invention.

[0054] Fig.17 : A local enlarged view of the slag conveying device provided by the present invention.

[0055] Fig.18 : A schematic structural diagram of the segment assembly device provided by the present invention.

[0056] Fig.19 : A schematic diagram of the cooperation between the mounting plate and the lifting plate provided by the present invention.

[0057] Fig. 20 :for Fig.19 Top view of the .

[0058] Fig.21 : A schematic diagram of the fixed track provided by the present invention when arranged according to the first track.

[0059] Fig. 22 :for Fig.21 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0060] Fig.23 : A schematic diagram of the fixed track provided by the present invention when arranged according to the second track.

[0061] Fig.24 : A schematic diagram of the cooperation between the rotating track and the shaft bottom plate provided by the present invention.

[0062] Fig.25 : A partial enlarged view of a part of the shaft bottom plate provided by the present invention.

[0063] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0064] 1. Wellhead ring beam; 10. Ring groove; 11. Top ring structure; 12. Gantry; 121. Suspension device; 13. Excavation well; 14. Second ring pipe section; 15. Third ring pipe section; 16. Bottom ring structure;

[0065] 2. Shaft bottom plate; 21. Working chamber; 211. Sand; 212. Grouting equipment; 213. Backfill concrete structure at the bottom of the shaft; 23. Annular blade; 24. First reserved opening; 241. Equipment recovery cylinder; 25. Second reserved opening; 251. Manual maintenance cylinder; 26. Third reserved opening; 27. Push cylinder; 281. First position sensing probe; 282. Camera; 291. Annular shield shell; 292. Annular shield tail brush;

[0066] 3. Guide rail; 31. Fixed rail; 311. Horizontal rail; 312. Longitudinal rail; 313. Circular rail; 32. Reversing area; 33. Rotating rail; 34. Fixed plate; 35. Large gear; 36. Second bearing; 37. Second motor; 38. Small gear;

[0067] 4. Excavation device; 41. First connecting seat; 411. First motor; 412. Clamp; 4121. Horizontal connecting bolt; 4122. Vertical connecting bolt; 413. Pulley; 414. First bearing; 42. First rotating disk; 43. Mechanical cantilever; 44. Cutting head; 45. First oil cylinder; 46. Second position sensing probe;

[0068] 5. Slag delivery device; 51. Second connecting seat; 52. Second turntable; 53. Bucket cantilever; 54. Bucket; 55. Second oil cylinder; 56. Third position sensing probe;

[0069] 6. Slag discharge device; 61. Screw conveyor; 62. Slag collector; 63. Slag transport vehicle; 64. Slag bucket;

[0070] 7. Segment assembly device; 71. Car body; 72. Mounting plate; 721. Guide plate; 7211. Guide groove; 722. Base; 73. Lifting plate; 74. Lifting cylinder; 75. Spherical hinge seat; 76. Front cylinder; 77. Suction cup;

[0071] 8. Air pressure maintaining device; 81. High-voltage pole; 82. Electric wire; 83. Transformer; 84. Air compressor; 85. High-pressure gas storage tank; 86. Air purifier; 87. Gas pipeline;

[0072] 9. Ground control room;

[0073] H1, groundwater level; H2, design elevation of shaft bottom. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0075] Implementation Method 1

[0076] like Figures 1 to 25 As shown, the present application provides a vertical shaft downward shield construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0077] S1, making a wellhead ring beam 1 on the periphery of the vertical shaft to be excavated;

[0078] S2, constructing a shaft bottom plate 2 at the top of the shaft to be excavated, and enclosing the shaft bottom plate 2 and the top surface of the shaft to be excavated to form a working chamber 21, and installing a movable excavating device 4 and a slag conveying device 5 in the working chamber 21;

[0079] S3, using the excavation device 4 to excavate the soil downward, using the slag conveying device 5 to transport the slag excavated by the excavation device 4 to the designated area in the working bin 21, and using the slag discharging device 6 to discharge the slag; when the downward excavation reaches a preset height, a top ring structure 11 is built on the top inner wall of the wellhead ring beam 1, and a ring of pipe segments (referred to as the second ring pipe segment 14) is assembled at the bottom of the top ring structure 11 using the pipe segment assembly device 7, and a plurality of jacking cylinders 27 are evenly installed circumferentially on the top surface of the shaft bottom plate 2, and each jacking cylinder 27 pushes the corresponding pipe segment upward (that is, pushes the corresponding pipe segment in the second ring pipe segment 14);

[0080] S4, retract the jacking cylinder 27 at the position to be assembled corresponding to a new pipe segment to reserve an assembly position for a new pipe segment; after a new pipe segment is delivered to the position to be assembled by the pipe segment assembly device 7, the jacking cylinder 27 under the pipe segment is used to push and compact the pipe segment, and then fasteners (such as bolts) are installed until a new pipe segment is assembled in sequence;

[0081] S5, continue to dig downwards using the excavation device 4, and continue to transport the slag using the slag delivery device 5 and the slag discharge device 6; when the downward excavation meets the height of one ring pipe section, repeat step S4 until the excavation depth reaches the design elevation H2 of the shaft bottom;

[0082] S6, moving out the corresponding devices (such as the excavation device 4, the slag delivery device 5 and the slag discharge device 6) to complete the bottom sealing of the shaft;

[0083] S7, remove the push cylinder 27, and process the interval between the current lowest pipe section and the shaft bottom plate 2.

[0084] Among them, in step S4, since the position to be assembled corresponding to a new pipe segment will correspond to multiple jacking cylinders 27, it is necessary to retract all the jacking cylinders 27 corresponding to the new pipe segment, and the other jacking cylinders 27 remain in the extended state and remain motionless; after a new pipe segment is sent to the position to be assembled, all the jacking cylinders 27 under the pipe segment are pushed upward, and the bolts are manually installed; repeat this until a ring of pipe sections is spliced ​​in sequence along the circumferential direction. In step S5, when repeating step S4, a new pipe segment is continued to be assembled under the assembled ring of pipe sections at the bottom each time, and the corresponding jacking cylinders 27 are used to cooperate and tighten. It can be understood that the ring of pipe sections mentioned in this article is composed of multiple prefabricated pipe segments assembled in sequence along the circumferential direction.

[0085] Therefore, the shaft downward shield construction method in the present application can be applied to the downward shield construction of large-diameter shafts. By constructing the shaft bottom plate 2, in the process of continuous digging below the shaft bottom plate 2, the pipe sections can be assembled ring by ring at the bottom of the top ring structure 11 along its axial downward direction. The entire construction process has changed the construction method of the traditional caisson method. The built shaft part does not need to sink with the excavation, and there is no need to add sinking aids and other processes. The shaft will not have the problem of deflection, and the construction is more reliable and the construction speed is faster. At the same time, by using the cooperation of the excavation device 4, the slag delivery device 5, the slag discharge device 6, the pipe segment assembly device 7 and the top push cylinder 27, the soil excavation, the slag delivery and the pipe segment assembly can be realized by mechanical equipment, with a higher degree of mechanization, greatly reducing the labor intensity and improving the construction efficiency. In addition, when assembling the ring pipe segments at the bottom of the top ring structure 11, the jacking cylinder 27 is used to press the pipe segments at the corresponding installation positions. On the one hand, compared with manual assembly and pressing, the pressing effect on the pipe segments is better, which is more helpful to ensure the fixing effect of the pipe segments on the side walls of the soil layer, and the structure is more stable; on the other hand, the jacking effect of the jacking cylinder 27 can also effectively prevent the constructed pipe segments from sliding downward, and the construction reliability is stronger; on the other hand, by controlling the elongation degree of each jacking cylinder 27, the vertical shaft bottom plate 2 can also achieve a certain degree of correction effect to ensure smoother construction.

[0086] In a specific implementation, in step S1, when manufacturing the wellhead ring beam 1, an annular groove can be directly excavated on the ground surface, and then concrete is poured into the annular groove to form the wellhead ring beam 1. Figure 1Alternatively, the stratum within the vertical shaft range may be excavated downward for a section as a whole, and then concrete may be poured around the excavated shaft 13 to form a shaft ring beam 1, as shown in FIG. Fig.13 In this case, when the shaft bottom plate 2 is made in step S2, it can be made directly on the bottom surface of the excavated well 13, that is, directly backfill the sand 211 inside the shaft, such as Fig.14 shown.

[0087] The top ring structure 11 can be constructed in a cast-in-place or prefabricated manner to provide a reaction force for the subsequent top push cylinder 27. When the top ring structure 11 is assembled by assembling multiple prefabricated segments, it can be assembled manually or mechanically. After the top ring structure 11 is assembled, slurry is injected behind the wall of the top ring structure 11; after the slurry is completely hardened, an anchoring device can be used to fix the assembled top ring structure 11 on the wellhead ring beam 1, and then a ring of pipe sections can be assembled at its bottom.

[0088] In this embodiment, it is more preferred to use a cast-in-place method to construct the top ring structure 11, and further preferably, refer to Figure 1 In step S1, when casting the wellhead ring beam 1, an annular groove 10 is formed on the top inner circle of the wellhead ring beam 1, and steel bars are pre-embedded in the annular groove 10, and gray soil is filled in the annular groove 10; in step S3, when the downward excavation reaches a preset height, after all the gray soil in the annular groove 10 is excavated, an annular structure with an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the wellhead ring beam 1 is made in the annular groove 10 by on-site casting, and the part of the annular structure protruding inwardly from the annular groove 10 constitutes a top ring structure 11; in this way, the top ring structure 11 and this part of the annular structure in the annular groove 10 are cast as one piece, so that the reaction force provided to the top push cylinder 27 is more stable.

[0089] Preferably, in step S2, when the shaft bottom plate 2 is constructed, an annular shield shell 291 is installed on the top surface of the shaft bottom plate 2, and an annular shield tail brush 292 is installed on the top of the annular shield shell 291;

[0090] In step S3, when a ring pipe segment (i.e., the second ring pipe segment 14) is assembled at the bottom of the top ring structure 11, the annular shield tail brush 292 can be in close contact with the outer wall of each pipe segment in the ring pipe segment; after the assembly of the ring pipe segment is completed, the portion of the ring pipe segment located above the annular shield tail brush 292 is subjected to back-wall grouting;

[0091] In step S5, when the excavation downward meets the height of one pipe segment, the annular shield shell 291 and the annular shield tail brush 292 sink to the height of one pipe segment along with the shaft bottom plate, and the annular shield tail brush 292 is in close contact with the outer wall of the current lowest layer of the pipe segment, and the portion of the current lowest layer of the pipe segment located above the annular shield tail brush 292 is grouted behind the wall; then step S4 is repeated until the excavation depth reaches the shaft bottom design elevation H2;

[0092] In step S6, after the corresponding device is removed, grouting is backfilled into the working chamber 21 to complete the bottom sealing of the shaft; the portion of the pipe section at the current bottom layer located below the annular shield tail brush 292 is also grouting behind the wall (at this time, grouting is performed on the gap between the rear wall of the annular pipe section and the annular shield shell 291);

[0093] In step S7, after removing the push cylinder 27, a ring of pipe segments is assembled below the current lowest pipe segment using the pipe segment assembly device 7. After the assembly of this ring of pipe segments is completed, the newly assembled pipe segments are grouted behind the wall, and then the gap between the bottom of the newly assembled pipe segment and the top surface of the shaft bottom plate 2 is cast on site to produce the bottom ring structure 16.

[0094] It can be understood that the annular shield shell 291 should be located at the periphery of each jacking cylinder 27. In step S3, after the top ring structure 11 is constructed, a certain distance should be left between the top of the annular shield tail brush 292 and the bottom of the top ring structure 11; when assembling the second ring pipe segment 14, the annular shield tail brush 292 can contact the outer wall of each pipe segment in the second ring pipe segment 14 (for example, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the annular shield tail brush 292 is closely attached to the middle and lower part of the outer wall of the pipe segment. When the grouting hole on the pipe segment is used to perform wall back grouting on the ring pipe segment, the annular shield tail brush 292 can prevent the slurry and groundwater from leaking into the shaft bottom plate 2. In step S5, the current lowest pipe segment refers to the pipe segment at the bottom after the excavation meets the height of a ring pipe segment and before the new pipe segment is assembled; for example, in step S3, after the second ring pipe segment 14 is assembled, step S4 is entered, and after the new pipe segment is assembled at the bottom of the second ring pipe segment 14 to form the third ring pipe segment 15, step S5 is entered, and after the excavation downwards meets the height of a ring pipe segment, the current lowest pipe segment refers to the pipe segment in the third ring pipe segment 15; after the third ring pipe segment 15 is wall back grouting, step S4 is entered again to assemble the new pipe segment at the bottom of the third ring pipe segment 15 to form the fourth ring pipe segment, and so on.

[0095] In addition, in step S3 and step S5, after the pipe segment is grouted behind the wall, anchors may be driven in through the grouting holes or anchor holes reserved on the pipe segment to make the pipe segment more firmly fixed.

[0096] In step S6, anchor rods can also be applied to some pipe sections above the current bottom pipe section by using the grouting holes or anchor rod holes reserved on the pipe segments, so as to make the pipe segments more firmly fixed and avoid the phenomenon of structural instability after the subsequent removal of the jacking cylinder 27. Among them, in step S6, when the wall back-grouting is performed on the part of the current bottom pipe section below the annular shield tail brush 292, an annular baffle can be added to the bottom end of the wall back of the annular pipe section, and the annular baffle can be removed after the slurry is completely hardened. In addition, after removing the excavation device 4, the slag delivery device 5 and the slag discharge device 6, the grouting backfill in the working chamber 21 to achieve the bottom sealing of the vertical shaft, the anchor rod application to some pipe segments and the wall back-grouting of the current bottom pipe section can be determined according to the needs, or it can be performed simultaneously, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0097] In step S7, when the newly assembled pipe segment is grouted behind the wall, an annular baffle can also be added to the bottom end of the wall behind the ring pipe segment, and the annular baffle can be removed after the slurry is completely hardened. Since the distance between the bottom of the current lowest pipe segment and the top surface of the shaft bottom plate 2 will be greater than the height of one pipe segment but less than the height of two pipe segments after the jacking cylinder 27 is removed, first assembling a ring of pipe segments and then using the casting method to make the bottom ring structure 16 can effectively ensure that there is no gap between the constructed shaft and the shaft bottom plate 2.

[0098] When assembling the pipe segments, groundwater or part of the soil may leak into the shaft bottom plate 2 from the bottom of the assembled pipe segments and the position of the top-pushing oil cylinder 27; in this embodiment, the annular shield shell 291 cooperates with the annular shield tail brush 292, and the annular shield tail brush 292 contacts the outer wall of the corresponding pipe segment, so as to separate the connecting gap between the area above the shaft bottom plate 2 and the stratum, thereby achieving a sealing effect. During the construction process, the annular shield shell 291 and the annular shield tail brush 292 sink together with the shaft bottom plate 2, and always play a protective role in supporting the surrounding stratum and preventing groundwater intrusion in the assembly operation area above the shaft bottom plate 2.

[0099] Furthermore, in order to make the shaft bottom plate 2 more convenient, in step S2, the shaft bottom plate 2 is constructed at the top of the shaft to be excavated, and the shaft bottom plate 2 and the top surface of the shaft to be excavated are enclosed to form a working chamber 21, which includes the following steps:

[0100] Filling the top of the shaft to be excavated with sand 211;

[0101] A guide rail 3 is placed on the top of the sand 211, and a vertical shaft bottom plate 2 is made on the sand 211 by using a cast-in-place method, so that the guide rail 3 is pre-buried on the bottom surface of the vertical shaft bottom plate 2, and the above-mentioned annular shield shell 291 is pre-buried on the outer periphery of the top surface of the annular shield shell 291;

[0102] The sand and soil 211 below the shaft bottom plate 2 is excavated, and after all the sand and soil 211 are excavated, a working chamber 21 is formed.

[0103] By filling sand 211 and then pouring concrete to form the shaft bottom plate 2, there is no need to build and disassemble formwork supports to achieve pouring, which makes construction more convenient. At the same time, since the sand 211 has no viscosity and is easy to compact, it is more conducive to pouring the shaft bottom plate 2, and it is also easier to excavate the sand 211 in the later stage, and the construction efficiency is higher.

[0104] The shaft bottom plate 2 should be a plate-like structure with a groove at the bottom, so as to enclose the top surface of the shaft to be excavated to form a working chamber 21; in the process of using the excavation device 4 to excavate the soil downward, the shaft bottom plate 2 will sink with the excavation, and always enclose the working chamber 21 with the excavation surface, and the jacking cylinder 27 on the shaft bottom plate 2 will also sink together, but the piston rod of the jacking cylinder 27 will continue to extend to maintain the tight state of the pipe segment. Generally, the bottom of the shaft bottom plate 2 is formed with an annular blade 23 surrounding the groove. The bottom end of the annular blade 23 is blade-shaped, which can play a role in cutting the soil and is more conducive to the sinking of the shaft bottom plate 2 during the excavation process. If the shaft bottom plate 2 does not sink smoothly, the excavation device 4 can also be used to excavate more soil near the annular blade 23 to help the shaft bottom plate 2 sink smoothly.

[0105] In order to facilitate workers' maintenance and equipment installation, a first reserved opening 24 and a second reserved opening 25 are formed on the shaft bottom plate 2 when pouring the shaft bottom plate 2. After the pouring of the shaft bottom plate 2 is completed, an equipment recovery cylinder 241 and a manual maintenance cylinder 251 are respectively installed on the first reserved opening 24 and the second reserved opening 25; the excavation device 4 and the slag discharge device 6 can be transported to the working bin 21 by the equipment recovery cylinder 241 and can be installed on the guide rail 3.

[0106] The equipment recovery cylinder 241 is mainly a passage for the excavation device 4 and the slag delivery device 6 to be transported, maintained, and recovered later, and the manual maintenance cylinder 251 is mainly a passage for maintenance personnel to enter and maintain the machinery. In step S2, when the sand 211 below the shaft bottom plate 2 is excavated, the worker enters the bottom of the shaft bottom plate 2 through the manual maintenance cylinder 251 and excavates a certain space, and then the excavation device 4 and the slag delivery device 5 are sent to the bottom of the shaft bottom plate 2 through the equipment recovery cylinder 241, and then installed on the guide rail 3.

[0107] It can be understood that when workers excavate below the shaft bottom plate 2, they can first excavate a portion of the sand and soil 211 below the shaft bottom plate 2 to excavate a space that is convenient for installing the excavating device 4 and the slag delivery device 5. Thereafter, the remaining sand and soil 211 is transported to a designated area by the slag delivery device 5 and the slag is discharged by the slag discharge device 6, and the sand and soil 211 can be completely removed to form a working bin 21; alternatively, workers can also directly excavate all the sand and soil 211 below the shaft bottom plate 2 to form the working bin 21, and then install the excavating device 4 and the slag delivery device 5; the specific operation method depends on the actual construction needs.

[0108] In an optional embodiment, the equipment recovery cylinder 241 and the manual maintenance cylinder 251 may also be combined into one installation cylinder, and the same installation cylinder on the shaft bottom plate 2 may be used to simultaneously realize the entry of maintenance personnel and the transportation, maintenance and recovery of equipment.

[0109] Furthermore, the specific slag discharge method can be the following two methods:

[0110] The first slag discharge method: refer to Figure 3 The slag discharge device 6 includes a screw conveyor 61, a slag bucket 64 placed on the shaft bottom plate 2, and a slag collector 62 placed on the ground. In steps S3 and S5, the screw conveyor 61 can convey the slag to the slag bucket 64. After the slag bucket 64 is full of slag, the slag bucket 64 is lifted to the ground and the slag in the slag bucket 64 is poured into the slag collector 62 to achieve slag discharge.

[0111] Among them, the designated area of ​​the working chamber 21 in this mode refers to the lower entrance of the screw conveyor 61. The top of the screw conveyor 61 is connected to the slag bucket 64 through a corresponding pipeline, and the axis of the screw conveyor 61 can be placed vertically or tilted. In this embodiment, the axis of the screw conveyor 61 is preferably set vertically, and its length is shorter. Applying the screw conveyor 61 to the construction of a large-diameter shaft can realize mechanical rapid slag discharge, greatly improving the slag discharge efficiency.

[0112] The second slag discharge method: the slag discharge device 6 includes a slag discharge tube that can penetrate the shaft bottom plate 2 (to communicate with the working chamber 21), a slag bucket 64 for being placed on the excavation surface, and a slag collector 62 for being placed on the ground. In steps S3 and S5, the slag delivery device 5 can transport the slag to the slag bucket 64. After the slag bucket 64 is full of slag, the slag bucket 64 is lifted to the ground through the slag discharge tube and the slag in the slag bucket 64 is poured into the slag collector 62 to achieve slag discharge. In this method, the designated area of ​​the working chamber 21 refers to the slag bucket 64.

[0113] In the above two slag discharge methods, the slag discharge device also includes a slag transport vehicle 63 for transporting the slag in the slag collector 62. When the shaft bottom plate 2 is cast, a third reserved opening 26 is formed on the shaft bottom plate 2, and the screw conveyor 61 or the slag discharge barrel is installed on the third reserved opening 26 to communicate with the working chamber 21.

[0114] Furthermore, in order to more conveniently detect whether the shaft bottom plate 2 is deflected and correct it, in step S2, when the shaft bottom plate 2 is constructed, a plurality of first position sensing probes 281 are installed around the bottom of the shaft bottom plate 2. In steps S3 to S5, the position information of the corresponding positions of the shaft bottom plate 2 is also monitored in real time by each first position sensing probe 281, and the ground control room 9 can determine whether the shaft bottom plate 2 is deflected according to the position information detected by each first position sensing probe 281; if so, the ground control room 9 controls the corresponding jacking cylinder 27 to extend or controls the excavation device 4 to excavate the soil in the corresponding area to keep the shaft bottom plate 2 horizontal.

[0115] Generally, a plurality of small cameras 282 are provided on the outer circumference of the bottom of the shaft floor 2 to monitor the excavation and slag delivery of the excavation device 4 and the slag delivery device 5. The ground control room 9 can also assist in determining whether the shaft floor 2 is skewed based on the image information detected by each camera 282. In actual applications, the ground control room 9 mainly determines whether the shaft floor 2 is skewed based on the position information detected by each first position sensing probe 281.

[0116] In most cases, groundwater will exist during shaft construction, especially in the construction of large-diameter shafts. In order to achieve a waterless construction environment and prevent groundwater from entering the excavation surface, in step S5, step S4 is repeated until the excavation is downward to a preset height above the groundwater level H1. The gas pressure maintaining device 8 is first used to transport gas into the working chamber 21, and the gas pressure is kept balanced with the groundwater pressure. Step S4 is then repeated until the excavation depth reaches the designed elevation H2 of the shaft bottom.

[0117] The gas to be transported should be high-pressure gas. By filling the working chamber 21 with high-pressure gas and using the air pressure to form a balance with the water pressure in the surrounding strata, groundwater can be effectively prevented from entering the interior of the working chamber 21, ensuring that the mechanical equipment in the working chamber 21 works in a waterless environment. Compared with the existing method of pre-pumping groundwater to reduce groundwater, the present embodiment uses air pressure to balance water pressure to achieve waterless construction, and the construction operation is simpler. The above-mentioned shaft bottom plate 2 adopts a cast-in-place concrete structure, which can also effectively prevent the leakage of high-pressure gas caused by gaps on the shaft bottom plate 2. In addition, the above-mentioned equipment recovery cylinder 241, manual maintenance cylinder 251 and slag discharge cylinder each have a cover that can be opened and closed on the top to prevent the leakage of high-pressure gas in the working chamber 21.

[0118] Furthermore, the construction method of this embodiment is described below with a specific example, and the construction method specifically includes the following steps:

[0119] S1, level the site, set up the gantry 12 and other equipment at the corresponding position of the site, and prepare for the entry; dig the lock pit, complete the foundation treatment below the lock, and cast the shaft ring beam 1 (also known as the shaft lock and equipment foundation), such as Figure 1 shown.

[0120] S2, fill sand 211, place the guide rail 3 (such as a steel guide rail) in the corresponding position, cast the shaft bottom plate 2, reserve the first reserved opening 24, the second reserved opening 25 and the third reserved opening 26 on the shaft bottom plate 2, and embed the annular shield shell 291 on the shaft bottom plate 2, and install the annular shield tail brush 292 on the top of the annular shield shell 291, such as Figure 2 As shown. A ground control room 9 and a slag collector 62 are installed on the ground surface; an equipment recovery cylinder 241, a manual maintenance cylinder 251 and a screw conveyor 61 are installed on the shaft bottom plate 2; after workers enter the shaft bottom plate 2 through the manual maintenance cylinder 251 and dig out a certain space, they send the excavation device 4 and the slag delivery device 5 to the working chamber 21 through the equipment recovery cylinder 241, and then install them on the pre-buried guide rail 3; as shown Figure 3 shown.

[0121] S3, start the excavation device 4 to excavate the soil at the bottom of the shaft, start the slag conveying device 5 to transport the slag excavated by the excavation device 4 to the entrance below the screw conveyor 61 (that is, the designated area of ​​the working chamber 21), and start the screw conveyor 61 to transport the slag to the slag collector 62; when the shaft is excavated downward to a certain height, the top ring structure 11 is completed by assembling pipe segments at the top of the shaft, and grouting is injected behind the wall of the top ring structure 11; after the slurry is completely hardened, a ring of pipe segments is assembled at the bottom of the top ring structure 11 using the pipe segment assembly device 7, and after the assembly of the ring of pipe segments is completed, the part of the ring of pipe segments located above the annular shield tail brush 292 is grouting behind the wall; jacking cylinders 27 are installed at the four sides of the bottom plate of the shaft, and each jacking cylinder 27 pushes the corresponding pipe segment upwards, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown.

[0122] S4, retract the jacking cylinder 27 at the position to be assembled corresponding to a pipe segment, reserve a position for assembling a new pipe segment, and hoist the pipe segment to the bottom of the shaft by the suspension device 121. After a new pipe segment is sent to the assembly position by the pipe segment assembly device 7, start the jacking cylinder 27 under the pipe segment to push and press the new pipe segment, and then install the bolts to complete the assembly of a ring of pipe segments in sequence. Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown.

[0123] S5, continue to dig downwards using the excavation device 4, and continue to transport the slag using the slag delivery device 5 and the slag discharge device 6; when the downward excavation meets the height of one pipe segment, the annular shield shell 291 and the annular shield tail brush 292 sink to the height of one pipe segment along with the shaft bottom plate 2, and the annular shield tail brush 292 is in close contact with the outer wall of the current lowest layer of the pipe segment, and the portion of the current lowest layer of the pipe segment located above the annular shield tail brush 292 is grouting behind the wall; repeat step S4 until the shaft is constructed to 0.5m above the groundwater level H1, install a transformer 83, an air compressor 84, a high-pressure gas storage tank 85, an air purifier 86 and a gas pipeline 87 on the surface, and start to transport high-pressure gas into the working chamber 21, and use the high-pressure gas to prevent groundwater from entering the working chamber 21; Figure 7 shown.

[0124] Then, the excavation device 4 is used to continue to dig downward, and the slag conveying device 5 and the slag discharging device 6 are used to continue to transport the slag; when the downward excavation meets the height of one ring pipe segment, the annular shield shell 291 and the annular shield tail brush 292 sink to the height of one ring pipe segment along with the shaft bottom plate 2, and the annular shield tail brush 292 is in close contact with the outer wall of the current lowest layer of the pipe segment, and the part of the current lowest layer of the pipe segment located above the annular shield tail brush 292 is grouting behind the wall; step S4 is repeated until the excavation construction reaches the designed elevation H2 of the shaft bottom.

[0125] S6, the excavation device 4 and the slag delivery device 5 are transported out through the equipment recovery cylinder 241, the screw conveyor 61 is removed, and then the grouting equipment 212 is used to inject grout backfill into the working chamber 21 through the corresponding pipeline, such as Figure 8 As shown; after the backfill is completed, a backfill concrete structure 213 is formed in the working chamber 21 to complete the bottom of the shaft; the portion of the pipe section below the annular shield tail brush 292 in the current bottom layer is grouted behind the wall; anchor rods are applied to the portion of the pipe section above the current bottom layer, such as Figure 8 and Fig. 9 shown.

[0126] Among them, in step S6, the above-mentioned air pressure maintaining device 8 is generally removed when the grouting backfill in the working chamber 21 is almost completed to avoid groundwater leakage; at the same time, after the bottom sealing of the vertical shaft is completed, the above-mentioned equipment recovery cylinder 241 and the manual maintenance cylinder 251 are removed, and the above-mentioned first reserved opening 24, the second reserved opening 25 and the third reserved opening 26 are sealed.

[0127] S7, remove the top push cylinder 27, assemble another ring of pipe segments under the current lowest pipe segment using the pipe segment assembly device 7, perform wall back grouting on the newly assembled pipe segment, and use on-site casting to make the gap between the bottom of the newly assembled pipe segment and the top surface of the shaft bottom plate 2 to make the bottom ring structure 16, such as Fig.10 and Fig.11 shown.

[0128] In step S7, after the new pipe segment is assembled, the pipe segment assembly device 7 can be removed.

[0129] After that, the gantry 12 and other equipment are removed, and the entire shaft construction is completed. Fig.12 shown.

[0130] Implementation Method 2

[0131] like Figures 1 to 25 As shown, the present application also provides a vertical shaft downward shield construction device, comprising:

[0132] A shaft ring beam 1 is used to be arranged at the outer periphery of the shaft to be excavated, and a top ring structure 11 is constructed on the inner wall of the top thereof;

[0133] The shaft bottom plate 2 can be enclosed with the excavation surface of the shaft to be excavated to form a working chamber 21;

[0134] The excavating device 4 is movably installed in the working chamber 21 and can excavate the soil downwards;

[0135] The slag conveying device 5 is movably installed in the working bin 21 and can transport the slag excavated by the excavating device 4 to a designated area of ​​the working bin 21;

[0136] The slag discharge device 6 can transport the slag in the designated area to a designated location on the ground (such as a slag collector 62) to discharge the slag;

[0137] The segment assembly device 7 is used for circumferentially assembling the segments;

[0138] And a plurality of push cylinders 27 are evenly distributed and installed on the top surface of the shaft bottom plate 2 in the circumferential direction, which can push and compact the pipe segments assembled by the pipe segment assembly device 7 and can be used for correcting the deviation of the shaft bottom plate 2.

[0139] The working principle and beneficial effects of the shaft downward shield construction device are the same as those of the shaft downward shield construction method of implementation mode 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0140] Preferably, in order to prevent groundwater from leaking to the top surface of the shaft floor 2 or soil from collapsing onto the shaft floor 2, an annular shield shell 291 is provided on the top periphery of the shaft floor 2, and an annular shield tail brush 292 is provided on the top of the annular shield shell 291, and the annular shield tail brush 292 can contact the outer wall of the corresponding pipe segment.

[0141] The specific working principles and effects of the annular shield shell 291 and the annular shield tail brush 292 have been introduced in detail in the first embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0142] Furthermore, the shaft bottom plate 2 is a cast-in-place concrete structure, a guide rail 3 is pre-buried at the bottom of the shaft bottom plate 2, an equipment recovery cylinder 241 and a manual maintenance cylinder 251 that can communicate with the working bin 21 are installed on the shaft bottom plate 2, and the excavation device 4 and the slag delivery device 5 are both movably installed on the guide rail 3. The excavation device 4 and the slag delivery device 5 can be transported to the working bin 21 by the equipment recovery cylinder 241, and the workers can go down into the working bin 21 by the manual maintenance cylinder 251.

[0143] The specific method for manufacturing the shaft bottom plate 2 can be the method mentioned in the above-mentioned implementation method 1, which is to fill the sand 211 and then cast the soil, so that the construction is more convenient and the construction efficiency is higher.

[0144] Any existing suitable small mechanical equipment can be used for the excavation device 4 and the slag conveying device 5 to conveniently realize soil excavation and slag conveying.

[0145] For example, in this embodiment, refer to Fig.15 The structure of the excavation device 4 can be implemented as follows: the excavation device 4 includes a first connecting seat 41, a first turntable 42, a mechanical cantilever 43 and a cutting head 44, the first connecting seat 41 can be slidably suspended on the guide rail 3; the fixed part of the first turntable 42 is fixedly connected to the first connecting seat 41, and its rotating part is hinged to the first end of the mechanical cantilever 43, and the second end of the mechanical cantilever 43 is connected to the cutting head 44; a first oil cylinder 45 is also hinged between the rotating part of the first turntable 42 and the mechanical cantilever 43, which is used to drive the swing of the mechanical cantilever 43.

[0146] Specifically, refer to Fig.16 The first connecting seat 41 includes a first motor 411, two symmetrically arranged clamping plates 412 and two symmetrically arranged pulleys 413. The guide rail 3 can be made of I-shaped steel, and the two clamping plates 412 are clamped on both sides of the I-shaped steel. The upper part of each clamping plate 412 has a mounting groove. After the two clamping plates 412 are buckled, the upper parts of the two clamping plates 412 are enclosed to form a T-shaped groove. The lower part of the I-shaped steel can be slidably embedded in the T-shaped groove. Each pulley 413 is installed in the space surrounded by the I-shaped steel and the mounting groove of the clamping plate 412; the axial direction of the pulley 413 is horizontally arranged, and it is in sliding contact with the bottom flange plate of the I-shaped steel, and its wheel shaft is connected to the clamping plate 412 through the first bearing 414. The first motor 411 is connected to one of the pulleys 413 and can drive the pulley 413 to rotate. The lower parts of the two clamping plates 412 are tightly fitted and fixedly connected by transverse connecting bolts 4121 , and the bottoms of the two clamping plates 412 are connected to the fixed part of the first rotating disk 42 by vertical connecting bolts 4122 .

[0147] The entire excavation device 4 drives the pulley 413 on the guide rail 3 through the first motor 411, which can drive the first connecting seat 41 to slide along the guide rail 3, thereby realizing the excavation of the entire excavation device 4 at different positions. The first rotating disk 42 also includes a driving member for driving its rotating part to rotate relative to the fixed part; through the rotation of the first rotating disk 42, the mechanical cantilever 43 can be driven to rotate as a whole to realize rotary excavation; the first oil cylinder 45 can be used to drive the mechanical cantilever 43 to swing to realize swing excavation.

[0148] Reference Fig.17 The structure of the slag conveying device 5 can be realized as follows: the slag conveying device 5 includes a second connecting seat 51, a second turntable 52, a bucket cantilever 53 and a bucket 54, the second connecting seat 51 can be slidably suspended on the guide rail 3; the fixed part of the second turntable 52 is fixedly connected to the second connecting seat 51, and its rotating part is hinged to the first end of the bucket cantilever 53, and the second end of the bucket cantilever 53 is connected to the bucket 54; a second oil cylinder 55 is also hinged between the rotating part of the second turntable 52 and the bucket cantilever 53, which is used to drive the bucket cantilever 53 to swing.

[0149] The second connecting seat 51 and the second turntable 52 have the same structures as the above-mentioned first connecting seat 41 and the first turntable 42, respectively, and will not be repeated here. The first turntable 42 and the second turntable 52 can adopt existing rotary drive devices or other structures that can realize the rotation function, and the present invention is not limited to this. The entire slag conveying device 5 uses the motor in the second connecting seat 51 to drive the pulley to operate on the guide rail 3 to move the entire slag conveying device 5 to different positions of the working bin 21; the rotation of the second turntable 52 can drive the overall rotation of the bucket cantilever 53; the second oil cylinder 55 can drive the bucket cantilever 53 to swing, which is more flexible to operate and more conducive to removing slag at various positions.

[0150] Further, in order to facilitate the excavation device 4 and the slag delivery device 5 to move to various positions of the working chamber 21, refer to Figure 21 to Figure 24 The guide rail 3 includes a plurality of fixed rails 31 fixed on the shaft bottom plate 2, a reversing area 32 is formed between adjacent fixed rails 31, and a rotating rail 33 is provided in the reversing area 32; the rotating rail 33 can be rotatably connected to the shaft bottom plate 2, and can be connected to the corresponding fixed rail 31 by rotating and reversing.

[0151] In this way, the intersection area of ​​each fixed track 31 constitutes a reversing area 32. By rotating the rotating track 33 by a certain angle so that it can be docked and connected with the fixed track 31 at the specified position, the excavation device 4 or the slag delivery device 5 can be switched between the various fixed tracks 31, which makes movement more convenient and the excavation and slag delivery efficiency higher.

[0152] The rotation of the rotating track 33 can be achieved, for example, as follows: Fig. 22and Fig.24 A fixed plate 34 is fixed on the bottom surface of the shaft bottom plate 2. The rotating track 33 can be a rectangular track, for example. A rotating shaft is fixed at the center of the rotating track 33. A large gear 35 is fixed on the rotating shaft. The end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the fixed plate 34 through a second bearing 36. A second motor 37 is installed on one side of the fixed plate 34. A small gear 38 is fixed on the output shaft of the second motor 37. The small gear 38 meshes with the large gear 35. The small gear 38 is driven by the second motor 37 to drive the large gear 35 to rotate, so that the rotating track 33 can be driven to rotate a specified angle.

[0153] The shape and arrangement of the fixed rail 31 can be arranged in the following two ways:

[0154] The first track layout: Fig.21 and Fig. 22 The multiple fixed rails 31 include a group of transverse rails 311 and a group of longitudinal rails 312 arranged in a cross shape and at least one group of circular rails 313 arranged concentrically, and the center of the cross coincides with the center of the circular rail 313. The shape of the shaft bottom plate 2 is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the shaft, and is generally circular. The lengths of the transverse rails 311 and the longitudinal rails 312 are the same as the diameter of the shaft bottom plate 2, and the diameter of the circular rail 313 is smaller than the diameter of the shaft bottom plate 2. The above-mentioned reversing area 32 is formed between the circular rail 313 and the transverse rail 311 or the longitudinal rail 312, and between the transverse rail 311 and the longitudinal rail 312. The circular rail 313, the transverse rail 311 and the longitudinal rail 312 are all disconnected at the corresponding reversing area 32 to leave space for the rotation of the rotating rail 33.

[0155] Specifically, each set of circular tracks 313 includes four arc tracks arranged at intervals, the set of transverse tracks 311 includes a plurality of transverse short tracks arranged at intervals along the length direction thereof, and the set of longitudinal tracks 312 includes a plurality of longitudinal short tracks arranged at intervals along the length direction thereof, the number of transverse short tracks and longitudinal short tracks being the same and both being denoted as n, the number of sets of circular tracks 313 being denoted as m, then n=4+2(m-1), and both n and m are positive integers. For example, according to Fig.21As shown in FIG. 1 , there are two groups of circular tracks 313, and the number of transverse short tracks and longitudinal short tracks are six, so that nine switching areas 32 are formed in total. The interval between the two transverse short tracks near the center of the cross and the two longitudinal short tracks near the center of the cross constitutes the switching area 32, the interval between the two adjacent arc tracks and the corresponding two transverse short tracks constitutes the switching area 32, and the interval between the two adjacent arc tracks and the corresponding two longitudinal short tracks constitutes the switching area 32. The rotating track 33 in each switching area 32 can be rotated 90° each time to a transverse position or a longitudinal position, and then rotated to dock and connect with the two adjacent transverse short tracks, or dock and connect with the two adjacent longitudinal short tracks, or dock and connect with the two adjacent arc tracks.

[0156] The second track layout: Fig.23 The plurality of fixed rails 31 include a group of longitudinal rails 312 and a plurality of groups of transverse rails 311 arranged in parallel and at intervals. The group of longitudinal rails 312 is perpendicular to each group of transverse rails 311. The length of the longitudinal rails 312 is the same as the diameter of the shaft bottom plate 2. The above-mentioned reversing area 32 is formed between the longitudinal rails 312 and each transverse rail 311. The longitudinal rails 312 and the transverse rails 311 are disconnected at the corresponding reversing area 32 to leave space for the rotation of the rotating rails 33.

[0157] Specifically, each set of transverse rails 311 includes two transverse short rails spaced apart along the length direction thereof, and the set of longitudinal rails 312 includes a plurality of longitudinal short rails spaced apart along the length direction thereof, and the number of longitudinal short rails is one more than the number of sets of transverse guide rails 3. Fig.23 As shown in FIG. 1 , there are five sets of transverse rails 311 and six longitudinal short rails, forming five reversing regions 32. The interval between two adjacent transverse short rails and the corresponding two longitudinal short rails constitutes the reversing region 32, and the rotating rail 33 in each reversing region 32 can rotate 90° each time to a transverse position or a longitudinal position, and then rotate to dock and communicate with two adjacent transverse short rails, or dock and communicate with two adjacent longitudinal short rails.

[0158] In the above two track arrangements, one or more excavation devices 4 and slag delivery devices 5 can be used. Each excavation device 4 performs excavation on the corresponding track, and each slag delivery device 5 transports the slag excavated by the corresponding excavation device 4 to the designated area of ​​the working bin 21 through the corresponding track. In the above first track arrangement, the transportation distance of the slag delivery device 5 is relatively short, and the transportation efficiency is higher; in the above second track arrangement, the intersection area of ​​each group of tracks is less. Which track arrangement method is used can be determined according to actual needs. Of course, each fixed track 31 can also be arranged in other ways, and the rotation of the rotating track 33 can also be achieved in other ways. This embodiment is only for example.

[0159] Furthermore, in order to facilitate slag discharge, the following two slag discharge methods can be used:

[0160] The first slag discharge method: the slag discharge device 6 includes a screw conveyor 61, a slag bucket 64 placed on the top surface of the shaft bottom plate 2, and a slag collector 62 placed on the ground. The bottom of the screw conveyor 61 is connected to the working bin 21, and the top is connected to the slag bucket 64 through a corresponding pipeline. The slag bucket 64 can be lifted to the ground by a corresponding suspension device 121 and the slag in the slag bucket 64 can be poured into the slag collector 62. This slag discharge method uses a screw conveyor 61 to discharge slag, and the slag discharge efficiency is higher.

[0161] The second slag discharge method: the slag discharge device 6 includes a slag discharge barrel installed on the shaft bottom plate 2 and penetrating the shaft bottom plate 2, a slag bucket 64 for being placed on the excavation surface, and a slag collector 62 for being placed on the ground. The bottom of the slag discharge barrel is arranged opposite to the slag bucket 64. The slag bucket 64 can be lifted to the ground through the slag discharge barrel by using the corresponding suspension device 121 and the slag in the slag bucket 64 can be poured into the slag collector 62.

[0162] Further, in order to facilitate the assembly of the pipe segments, refer to Figures 18 to 20 The vertical shaft downward shield construction device also includes a gantry 12 and a suspension device 121. The gantry 12 is set on the wellhead ring beam 1. The suspension device 121 is installed on the gantry 12. The suspension device 121 is used to transport pipe segments and corresponding mechanical equipment into the vertical shaft. The pipe segment assembly device 7 includes a vehicle body 71, a front oil cylinder 76 and a suction cup 77. A lifting plate 73 that can be lifted and lowered is provided on the front end surface of the vehicle body 71. The first end of the front oil cylinder 76 is connected to the lifting plate 73 through a spherical hinge seat 75, and the second end thereof is connected to the suction cup 77. The suction cup 77 can be used to grab and suck the pipe segment lifted by the suspension device 121.

[0163] Specifically, a mounting plate 72 is fixed on the front end of the vehicle body 71. The mounting plate 72 includes a guide plate 721 and a base 722 fixed up and down. The guide plate 721 has a guide groove 7211 running through both ends thereof. The lifting plate 73 can be slidably mounted in the guide groove 7211. A lifting cylinder 74 is provided in the guide groove 7211 and between the lifting plate 73 and the base 722. The lifting plate 73 can be lifted and lowered by the extension and contraction of the lifting cylinder 74. The spherical hinge seat 75 is installed on the plate surface of the lifting plate 73 facing away from the vehicle body 71. The spherical hinge seat 75 can drive the front cylinder 76 to swing up and down and left and right, which is more flexible. When in use, the pipe segment transported by the corresponding suspension device 121 is grasped and sucked by the suction cup 77, and then the pipe segment is transported to the corresponding assembly position of the side wall of the shaft, which is easy to operate.

[0164] Furthermore, the vertical shaft downward shield construction device also includes a ground control room 9, and a plurality of first position sensing probes 281 and a plurality of cameras 282 are circumferentially installed at the bottom of the vertical shaft bottom plate 2, and a second position sensing probe 46 and a third position sensing probe 56 are respectively installed on the excavation device 4 and the slag delivery device 5. The ground control room 9 is electrically connected to the first position sensing probe 281, the camera 282, the second position sensing probe 46 and the third position sensing probe 56, and can determine whether the vertical shaft bottom plate 2 is deflected according to the position information detected by each first position sensing probe 281 or the image information detected by each camera 282, and can control the extension of the jacking cylinder 27 or control the excavation device 4 to excavate the soil in the corresponding area.

[0165] When pouring the shaft bottom plate 2, a corresponding installation port will be reserved to facilitate the pre-embedded installation of the first position sensing probe 281 and the camera 282. The ground control room 9 is specifically placed on the ground at the shaft mouth, and is also electrically connected to the excavation device 4, the slag delivery device 5, the screw conveyor 61, the suspension device 121, etc., to control the operation of the corresponding mechanical equipment. Each first position sensing probe 281 is specifically installed on the inner wall of the annular blade angle 23 mentioned in the first implementation method. The first position sensing probe 281 can be used to monitor the deflection of the shaft bottom plate 2 and feedback to the ground control room 9. The second position sensing probe 46 and the third position sensing probe 56 can be used to monitor the position information of the excavation device 4 and the slag delivery device 5 respectively and feedback to the ground control room 9 to dynamically adjust the excavation position and the shaft deviation correction; each camera 282 can be used to timely feedback the excavation and slag discharge of the shaft bottom to the ground control room 9, and can also be used to assist in judging the deflection of the shaft bottom plate 2.

[0166] Furthermore, the downward shield construction device of the vertical shaft also includes an air pressure maintaining device 8, which includes an air compressor 84, a high-pressure gas storage tank 85, an air purifier 86 and an air pipe 87 connected in sequence. The air pipe 87 extends into the working chamber 21 and is connected to the working chamber 21.

[0167] When in use, the air compressor 84, the high-pressure gas storage tank 85, and the air purifier 86 are all placed on the ground at the top of the shaft. The air pressure maintaining device 8 also includes an electric wire 82 and a transformer 83. The electric wire 82 is erected through a high-voltage pole 81 erected on the ground. One end of the electric wire 82 is used to connect to the power supply, and the other end is connected to the air compressor 84 through the transformer 83. The air compressor 84 is used to compress air into high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas storage tank 85 is used to store the high-pressure gas compressed by the air compressor 84, the air purifier 86 is used to purify the high-pressure gas, and the gas pipe 87 is used to transport the high-pressure gas to the working chamber 21, so as to use the air pressure to balance the water pressure and realize waterless construction.

[0168] It should be noted that the method in the first embodiment can be implemented by the device in the second embodiment, and the device in the second embodiment can also be operated by the method in the first embodiment.

[0169] In summary, the shaft downward shield construction method and device in this embodiment can realize large-diameter shaft downward shield construction without pumping groundwater, improve the mechanization of shaft construction, better control shaft deflection, and realize rapid slag discharge. By filling the working chamber 21 with high-pressure gas and using the air pressure to form a balance with the water pressure in the surrounding bottom layer, groundwater is prevented from entering the working chamber 21, ensuring that the excavation and tunneling machinery in the chamber work in a waterless environment; the excavation device 4 reciprocates on the guide rail 3 at the top of the working chamber 21 to realize the excavation of the bottom of the shaft, and the slag delivery device 5 transports the slag to the bottom of the screw conveyor 61 behind the excavation device 4, and then the screw conveyor 61 transports it to the slag bucket 64 at the top of the shaft bottom plate 2, and the slag bucket 64 is hoisted by the suspension device 121. To the ground and pour the slag in the slag bucket 64 into the slag collector 62, and finally transported away by the slag truck 63; the side wall structure of the shaft is assembled by prefabricated segments, and the suspension device 121 hangs the segments to the bottom of the shaft, and then the segments are placed in the corresponding positions by the segment assembly device 7, and finally pushed and compacted by the pushing cylinder 27. The pushing cylinder 27 not only plays the role of compacting the segments, but also prevents the pipe sections assembled into a ring at the upper part of the shaft from sliding downward, and can also play a role in correcting the deviation during the excavation of the shaft, thereby realizing the downward shield construction of a large-diameter shaft.

[0170] This method can be applied to areas such as roads and parks where large-scale excavation of the ground is not suitable, so as to make full use of the underground space. It not only improves the mechanization of large-diameter shaft construction, but also does not need to lower the groundwater level during the entire shaft excavation process, avoiding a series of effects such as surface collapse caused by lowering the groundwater level; the slag discharge efficiency is greatly improved by using a screw conveyor 61. It effectively solves the problems of low mechanization level in large-diameter shaft construction, ground subsidence and environmental problems caused by pumping groundwater during construction, and low slag discharge efficiency in shaft construction.

[0171] The above are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by any person skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical shaft downward shield construction method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Make a wellhead ring beam on the outer periphery of the vertical shaft to be excavated; S2, constructing a shaft bottom plate at the top of the shaft to be excavated, and forming a working chamber between the shaft bottom plate and the top surface of the shaft to be excavated, and installing a movable excavating device and a slag conveying device in the working chamber; S3, using the excavation device to excavate the soil downward, using the slag conveying device to transport the excavated soil by the excavation device to the designated area in the working chamber, and using the slag discharging device to discharge the slag; when the downward excavation reaches a preset height, a top ring structure is constructed on the top inner wall of the wellhead ring beam, a ring of pipe segments is assembled at the bottom of the top ring structure using a pipe segment assembly device, and a plurality of jacking cylinders are evenly distributed circumferentially on the top surface of the shaft bottom plate, and each of the jacking cylinders presses the corresponding pipe segment upward; S4, retracting the pushing cylinder at the position to be assembled corresponding to a new pipe segment, using the pipe segment assembly device to deliver a new pipe segment to the position to be assembled, using the pushing cylinder under the pipe segment to push and compact the pipe segment, and then installing fasteners until a new ring of pipe segments is assembled in sequence; S5, continue to dig downwards using the excavation device, and continue to transport the slag using the slag delivery device and the slag discharge device; when the downward excavation meets the height of one ring pipe section, repeat step S4 until the excavation depth reaches the design elevation of the bottom of the shaft; S6, remove the corresponding device and complete the bottom sealing of the shaft; S7, dismantling the push cylinder, and processing the interval between the current lowest pipe section and the shaft bottom plate to form a bottom ring structure.

2. The vertical shaft downward shield construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, when constructing the shaft bottom plate, an annular shield shell is installed on the top surface of the shaft bottom plate, and an annular shield tail brush is installed on the top of the annular shield shell; In step S3, when a ring pipe segment is assembled at the bottom of the top ring structure, the annular shield tail brush can be in close contact with the outer wall of each pipe segment in the ring pipe segment; after the ring pipe segment is assembled, the portion of the ring pipe segment located above the annular shield tail brush is grouted behind the wall; In step S5, when the excavation downward meets the height of one pipe segment, the annular shield shell and the annular shield tail brush sink along with the shaft bottom plate to the height of one pipe segment, and the annular shield tail brush is in close contact with the outer wall of the current lowest layer of the pipe segment, and the portion of the current lowest layer of the pipe segment located above the annular shield tail brush is grouting behind the wall; then step S4 is repeated until the excavation depth reaches the design elevation of the shaft bottom; In step S6, after the corresponding device is removed, grouting is backfilled into the working chamber to complete the bottom sealing of the shaft; and back-wall grouting is also performed on the portion of the current bottom pipe segment below the annular shield tail brush; In step S7, after removing the push cylinder, a ring of pipe segments is assembled below the current lowest pipe segment using the pipe segment assembly device. After the assembly of this ring of pipe segments is completed, the newly assembled pipe segments are grouted behind the wall, and then the gap between the bottom of the newly assembled pipe segment and the top surface of the shaft bottom plate is cast on site to make a bottom ring structure.

3. The vertical shaft downward shield construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, a shaft bottom plate is constructed on the top of the shaft to be excavated, and the shaft bottom plate and the top surface of the shaft to be excavated are enclosed to form a working chamber, which includes the following steps: Fill the top of the shaft to be excavated with sand; Placing a guide rail on the top of the sand, and manufacturing the shaft bottom plate on the sand by pouring on site, so that the guide rail is pre-buried on the bottom surface of the shaft bottom plate; The sand and soil below the bottom plate of the shaft are excavated, and after all the sand and soil are excavated, the working chamber is formed.

4. The vertical shaft downward shield construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When pouring the shaft bottom plate, a first reserved opening and a second reserved opening are formed on the shaft bottom plate. After the pouring of the shaft bottom plate is completed, an equipment recovery cylinder and a manual maintenance cylinder are respectively installed on the first reserved opening and the second reserved opening; The excavating device and the slag discharging device can be transported into the working bin by the equipment recovery drum and can be installed on the guide rail.

5. The vertical shaft downward shield construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slag discharge device includes a screw conveyor, a slag bucket placed on the bottom plate of the shaft, and a slag collector placed on the ground; in steps S3 and S5, the screw conveyor can convey the slag into the slag bucket, and after the slag bucket is full of slag, the slag bucket is lifted to the ground and the slag in the slag bucket is poured into the slag collector to achieve slag discharge; Alternatively, the slag discharge device includes a slag discharge barrel that can penetrate the bottom plate of the shaft, a slag bucket for being placed on the excavation surface, and a slag collector for being placed on the ground; in steps S3 and S5, the slag delivery device can transport the slag into the slag bucket, and after the slag bucket is full of slag, the slag bucket is lifted to the ground through the slag discharge barrel and the slag in the slag bucket is poured into the slag collector to achieve slag discharge.

6. The vertical shaft downward shield construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, when constructing the shaft bottom plate, a plurality of first position sensing probes are installed circumferentially at the bottom of the shaft bottom plate; In steps S3 to S5, each of the first position sensing probes is also used to monitor the position information of the corresponding position of the shaft bottom plate in real time, and the ground control room can determine whether the shaft bottom plate is deflected according to the position information detected by each of the first position sensing probes; If so, the ground control room controls the corresponding thrust cylinder to extend or controls the excavation device to excavate the soil in the corresponding area to keep the shaft bottom plate level.

7. The vertical shaft downward shield construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: In step S5, step S4 is repeated until excavation is downward to a preset height above the groundwater level, and gas is first conveyed into the working chamber using a gas pressure maintaining device to balance the pressure of the gas with the water pressure of the groundwater; thereafter, the excavation device is used to continue excavating downward, and the slag conveying device and the slag discharging device are used to continue conveying slag, and when the downward excavation meets the height of a ring pipe section, step S4 is continued to be repeated until the excavation depth reaches the designed elevation of the bottom of the shaft.

8. A vertical shaft downward shield construction device, characterized in that: include: The shaft ring beam is used to be arranged at the outer periphery of the shaft to be excavated, and a top ring structure is built on the inner wall of its top; The shaft bottom plate can be enclosed with the excavation surface of the shaft to be excavated to form a working chamber; the shaft bottom plate is formed by pouring concrete, and a guide rail is pre-buried at the bottom of the shaft bottom plate; An excavating device is movably installed in the working chamber and can excavate the soil downwards; a slag conveying device, which is movably mounted in the working chamber and can transport the slag excavated by the excavating device to a designated area of ​​the working chamber; the excavating device and the slag conveying device are both movably mounted on the guide rail; A slag discharge device can transport the slag in the designated area to a designated position on the ground to discharge the slag; Segment assembly device, used for circumferential assembly of segments; And a plurality of push cylinders are evenly distributed and installed on the top surface of the shaft bottom plate in the circumferential direction, which can push and compact the pipe segments assembled by the pipe segment assembly device and can be used for correcting the deviation of the shaft bottom plate.

9. The vertical shaft downward shield construction device according to claim 8, characterized in that: An annular shield shell is arranged on the outer periphery of the top of the shaft bottom plate, and an annular shield tail brush is arranged on the top of the annular shield shell, and the annular shield tail brush can contact the outer wall of the corresponding pipe segment.

10. The vertical shaft downward shield construction device according to claim 8, characterized in that: An equipment recovery cylinder and a manual maintenance cylinder which can communicate with the working chamber are installed on the bottom plate of the shaft.

11. The vertical shaft downward shield construction device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The excavation device comprises a first connection seat, a first rotating disk, a mechanical cantilever and a cutting head, wherein the first connection seat can be slidably suspended on the guide rail; the fixed part of the first rotating disk is fixedly connected to the first connection seat, the rotating part thereof is hinged to the first end of the mechanical cantilever, and the second end of the mechanical cantilever is connected to the cutting head; a first oil cylinder is also hinged between the rotating part of the first rotating disk and the mechanical cantilever, for driving the swing of the mechanical cantilever; The slag conveying device includes a second connecting seat, a second turntable, a bucket cantilever and a bucket, the second connecting seat can be slidably suspended on the guide rail; the fixed part of the second turntable is fixedly connected to the second connecting seat, and its rotating part is hinged to the first end of the bucket cantilever, and the second end of the bucket cantilever is connected to the bucket; a second oil cylinder is also hinged between the rotating part of the second turntable and the bucket cantilever for driving the swing of the bucket cantilever.

12. The vertical shaft downward shield construction device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The guide rail includes a plurality of fixed rails fixed on the shaft bottom plate, a reversing area is formed between adjacent fixed rails, and a rotating rail is provided in the reversing area; the rotating rail can be rotatably connected to the shaft bottom plate, and can be docked and connected with the corresponding fixed rail through rotation and reversing.

13. The vertical shaft downward shield construction device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The slag discharge device includes a screw conveyor, a slag bucket placed on the bottom plate of the shaft, and a slag collector placed on the ground. The bottom of the screw conveyor is connected to the working chamber, and the top of the screw conveyor is connected to the slag bucket through a corresponding pipeline. The slag bucket can be lifted to the ground by a corresponding suspension device and the slag in the slag bucket can be poured into the slag collector; or The slag discharge device includes a slag discharge barrel that can penetrate the bottom plate of the shaft, a slag bucket for being placed on the excavation surface, and a slag collector for being placed on the ground. The bottom of the slag discharge barrel is arranged opposite to the slag bucket. The slag bucket can be lifted to the ground through the slag discharge barrel by using a corresponding suspension device and the slag in the slag bucket can be poured into the slag collector.

14. The vertical shaft downward shield construction device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The vertical shaft downward shield construction device also includes a gantry and a suspension device, the gantry is erected on the wellhead ring beam, and the suspension device is installed on the gantry; The pipe segment assembly device includes a vehicle body, a front oil cylinder and a suction cup. A lifting plate that can be raised and lowered is provided on the front end face of the vehicle body. The first end of the front oil cylinder is connected to the lifting plate through a spherical hinge seat, and the second end is connected to the suction cup. The suction cup can be used to grab the pipe segment lifted by the suspension device.

15. The vertical shaft downward shield construction device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The shaft downward shield construction device also includes a ground control room, a plurality of first position sensing probes and a plurality of cameras are circumferentially installed at the bottom of the shaft bottom plate, and a second position sensing probe and a third position sensing probe are respectively installed on the excavation device and the slag delivery device; The ground control room is electrically connected to the first position sensing probe, the camera, the second position sensing probe and the third position sensing probe, and can determine whether the shaft bottom plate is skewed based on the position information detected by each of the first position sensing probes or the image information detected by each of the cameras, and can control the extension of the jacking cylinder or control the excavation device to excavate the soil in the corresponding area.

16. The vertical shaft downward shield construction device according to any one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that: The vertical shaft downward shield construction device also includes an air pressure maintaining device, which includes an air compressor, a high-pressure gas storage tank, an air purifier and an air pipe connected in sequence. The air pipe extends into the working chamber and is connected to the working chamber.

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