A jacketed pyrolysis gasification incineration device

Abstract

The invention discloses a jacketed pyrolysis gasification incineration device, which comprises a shell and a pyrolysis chamber. The upper part of the pyrolysis chamber is arranged on the top outside the shell, and the lower part is arranged at the center inside the shell. A feed port is opened on one side of the top of the pyrolysis chamber. The cavity between the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber and the inner wall of the shell is a jacketed gasification combustion chamber. One end of more than two pyrolysis gas guide pipes is connected to the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber, and the other end extends into the jacketed gasification combustion chamber. The pyrolysis gas guide pipe is provided with a plurality of combustion nozzles facing the pyrolysis chamber, and an igniter is arranged on one side of the combustion nozzle. One end of the preheating pipe is arranged on the shell and connected to the outside, and the other end is wound around the pyrolysis gas guide pipe and connected to the air distribution holes in the pyrolysis gas guide pipe. A plurality of electric heating wire furnace bars are fixed side by side at intervals in the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber, and a pyrolysis ash hopper is installed at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber. The device realizes full pyrolysis and secondary application of pyrolysis fuel, reduces the risk of environmental pollution, and greatly reduces the ash generated by pyrolysis combustion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a jacketed pyrolysis gasification incineration device, belonging to the field of organic solid waste treatment. Background Art

[0002] Pyrolysis is a process that utilizes the thermal instability of organic matter to decompose under anaerobic or anoxic conditions. Pyrolysis is a completely different process from incineration. Incineration is exothermic, while pyrolysis is endothermic. The products of incineration are mainly carbon dioxide and water, while the products of pyrolysis are mainly combustible low-molecular compounds. The gaseous ones are hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, the liquid ones are methanol, acetone, acetic acid, acetaldehyde and other organic matter, as well as tar, solvent oil, etc., and the solid ones are mainly coke or carbon black. The heat energy generated by incineration can be used for power generation, while the small amount can only be used for heating water or generating steam for nearby use. The products of pyrolysis are fuel oil and fuel gas.

[0003] According to the different heating methods, pyrolysis can be divided into direct heating and indirect heating. Direct heating refers to the direct combustion of the garbage part, or the provision of air, oxygen-enriched or pure oxygen as supplementary fuel to the pyrolysis reactor. Pure oxygen as a catalyst will produce CO 2 , H 2 O and other gases mixed in the pyrolysis combustible gas dilutes the combustible gas and reduces the thermal effect of the pyrolysis gas. 2 , further diluting the combustible gas, greatly reducing the calorific value of the pyrolyzed combustible gas. Taking the experimental data of American urban garbage as an example, the calorific value of using air as a catalyst is generally 5500kJ / m 3 The pure oxygen is generally around 11000kJ / m 3 The indirect heating method can use dry wall heat conduction or an intermediate medium for heat transfer. The calorific value can reach 18630 ​​kJ / m 3 , which is equivalent to more than three times the calorific value of the direct heating method using air as an oxidant, and can be directly used as fuel gas. Compared with the direct incineration method, pyrolysis has the following advantages: the organic components of the waste can be converted into usable energy forms during the pyrolysis process, and its economy is better; the fuel gas produced by pyrolysis can be directly burned or mixed with other high calorific value fuels depending on its calorific value, and the tar produced during the reaction process can be made into fuel or extracted as chemical raw materials depending on its properties. The secondary pollution of the pyrolysis incineration system is small, which can simplify the pollution control problem and is safer for the environment; the amount of flue gas produced by the pyrolysis method is less than that of the direct incineration method, especially the content of heavy metals, dioxins and other pollutants in the flue gas is less, which is conducive to the purification of the flue gas and reduces the emission level of secondary pollutants. Therefore, it is a safe method for garbage disposal. The existing pyrolysis processes mainly include moving bed pyrolysis, fluidized bed pyrolysis, rotating bed pyrolysis, etc. Overall, there are disadvantages such as high cost, low pyrolysis efficiency, and easy loss of pyrolysis gas. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of traditional organic solid waste pyrolysis technology, such as high cost, low pyrolysis efficiency, and easy loss of pyrolysis gas, in order to improve the pyrolysis efficiency and reduce the treatment cost of organic solid waste, the present invention provides a jacketed pyrolysis gasification incineration device. The equipment utilizes a combination of pyrolysis and incineration to carry out secondary combustion of the fuel gas generated by pyrolysis to provide heat for pyrolysis. The equipment takes pyrolysis as the core and is wrapped with a gasification and combustion layer to form a jacket, which guides the gaseous fuel generated by pyrolysis back to the gasification and combustion layer for combustion to provide heat for pyrolysis.

[0005] The jacketed pyrolysis gasification incineration device of the present invention comprises a shell and a pyrolysis chamber, wherein the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber is arranged on the top outside the shell, and the lower part is arranged at the center inside the shell, a feed inlet is opened on one side of the top of the pyrolysis chamber, a cavity between the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber and the inner wall of the shell is a jacketed gasification combustion chamber, one end of more than two pyrolysis gas guide pipes is connected to the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber, and the other end extends into the jacketed gasification combustion chamber and is arranged on the outer side of the pyrolysis chamber, a plurality of combustion nozzles facing the pyrolysis chamber are arranged on the pyrolysis gas guide pipe, an igniter is arranged on one side of the combustion nozzle, one end of the preheating pipe is arranged on the shell and connected to the outside, and the other end is wound around the pyrolysis gas guide pipe and connected to the gas distribution holes in the pyrolysis gas guide pipe, a baffle is obliquely arranged on the bottom of the pyrolysis gas guide pipe, a gasification combustion ash hopper is arranged at the bottom of the shell and is located at the bottom of the jacketed gasification combustion chamber, a plurality of electric heating wire furnace bars are fixed side by side at intervals at the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber, and a pyrolysis ash hopper is installed at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber;

[0006] A one-way baffle is arranged in the feed port.

[0007] The material of the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber is one of graphite, silicone grease, silicone, epoxy resin, polyurethane, and acrylic resin with good thermal conductivity; the material of the electric heating wire furnace bar is one of AgCu5, AgCu7.5, AgCu10, AgCu15, AgCu20, AgCuNi20-2, and AgCu25 alloys, and the spacing is 1-4 cm; the shell material is polystyrene foam plastic, polyurethane foam plastic, calcium silicate insulation products, ceramic fiber blanket, aluminum silicate felt, alumina, silicon carbide fiber, aerogel felt, glass wool, rock wool, expanded perlite, micro-nano insulation, foamed cement, and one of inorganic active wall insulation materials; the preheating pipe, air holes, baffles, and pyrolysis gas guide pipe are all made of high-temperature resistant materials, and the high-temperature resistant material is one of Cr-Mo steel, nickel-based high-temperature alloy, 12Cr1MoV alloy, and W18CrMoNb alloy.

[0008] The igniter is one of a GDH-2 type electronic ignition device, a DLZ-A type plasma device, an electromagnetic ignition device, a DURAG high energy ignition device, and a BD73-KTD-A ignition device.

[0009] The pyrolysis materials include domestic waste, sewage sludge, crop straw and medical waste.

[0010] Organic solid waste enters the pyrolysis chamber through the feed port and the one-way baffle. The one-way baffle prevents the backflow of pyrolysis gas. The jacket gasification combustion chamber wraps the pyrolysis chamber. The electric heating wire grate is powered on to heat the organic waste pyrolysis to start the pyrolysis. The fuel gas generated by pyrolysis flows into the pyrolysis gas guide tube. The air enters the position of the combustion nozzle directly opposite the pyrolysis gas guide tube through the preheating tube and the air distribution hole. The preheating tube is evenly surrounded on the pyrolysis gas guide tube. The incoming air is preheated by waste heat. The fuel gas and air generated by pyrolysis are mixed in the pyrolysis gas guide tube. The igniter is started to initiate combustion. When the heat generated reaches the energy required for pyrolysis in the pyrolysis chamber, the heating function of the electric heating wire grate is turned off. Continuous feeding can realize the cyclic heating of pyrolysis and the resource utilization of pyrolysis fuel gas. The ash generated by pyrolysis leaks down to the pyrolysis ash hopper through the grate bars, and the dust and ash generated by the combustion in the jacket gasification combustion chamber leak down to the gasification combustion ash hopper; the baffle allows the air flow after combustion to flow along the wall of the pyrolysis chamber to make full use of the waste heat of the gas.

[0011] The device of the present invention realizes the full progress of pyrolysis, the secondary application of pyrolysis fuel, and the full combustion, thereby reducing the risk of environmental pollution and greatly reducing the ash generated by pyrolysis combustion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention;

[0013] In the figure: 1-feeding port; 2-one-way baffle; 3-pyrolysis gas guide tube; 4-preheating tube; 5-gas distribution hole; 6-baffle; 7-igniter; 8-gasification combustion ash hopper; 9-pyrolysis ash hopper; 10-pyrolysis chamber; 11-electric heating wire grate; 12-combustion nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention is further described in detail below by way of examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents described above.

[0015] Embodiment 1: The device of this embodiment includes a shell and a pyrolysis chamber 10. The upper part of the pyrolysis chamber 10 is arranged at the top outside the shell, and the lower part is arranged at the center inside the shell. A feed port 1 is opened on one side of the top of the pyrolysis chamber 10, and a one-way baffle 2 is arranged in the feed port. The cavity between the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber and the inner wall of the shell is a jacket gasification combustion chamber. One end of two pyrolysis gas guide pipes 3 is connected to the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber, and the other end extends into the jacket gasification combustion chamber and is arranged on the outer side of the pyrolysis chamber. A plurality of combustion nozzles 12 facing the pyrolysis chamber are arranged on the pyrolysis gas guide pipe 3, and an igniter 7 is arranged on one side of the combustion nozzle 12. One end of the preheating pipe 4 is arranged on the shell and connected to the outside, and the other end is wound around the pyrolysis gas guide pipe 3. The pyrolysis chamber 10 is connected to a plurality of gas distribution holes 5 in the pyrolysis gas guide tube, and a baffle 6 is obliquely arranged at the bottom (sealed bottom) of each pyrolysis gas guide tube. A gasification combustion ash hopper 8 is arranged at the bottom of the shell and is located at the bottom of the jacket gasification combustion chamber. A plurality of electric heating wire furnace bars 11 are fixed side by side at intervals in the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber 10, and a pyrolysis ash hopper 9 is installed at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 10. The outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber is made of graphite with good thermal conductivity, and the material of the electric heating wire furnace bar is AgCu5, with a spacing of 1 cm. The outer wall of the jacket gasification combustion chamber is made of polystyrene foam plastic, and the preheating tube, gas distribution holes, baffles, and pyrolysis gas guide tube are all high-temperature resistant materials, which are Cr-Mo steel series, and the igniter is a GDH-2 type electronic ignition device.

[0016] Domestic garbage enters the pyrolysis chamber 10 through the feed port 1 and the one-way baffle 2. The one-way baffle prevents the backflow of pyrolysis gas. The electric heating wire grate 11 is powered on for heating to provide heat for starting the pyrolysis of domestic garbage. The fuel gas generated by pyrolysis enters the pyrolysis gas guide tube 3. The air enters the position of the combustion nozzle 12 directly opposite the pyrolysis gas guide tube through the preheating tube 4 and the air distribution hole 5. The fuel gas and air generated by pyrolysis are mixed here. The igniter 7 is started to initiate combustion. When the heat generated reaches the energy required for pyrolysis in the pyrolysis chamber, the heating function of the electric heating wire grate is turned off. Continuous feeding can realize the cyclic heating of pyrolysis and the resource utilization of pyrolysis fuel gas. The ash generated by pyrolysis leaks down to the pyrolysis ash hopper 9 through the gap between the grate bars, and the dust generated by the combustion in the jacketed gasification combustion chamber leaks down to the gasification combustion ash hopper 8.

[0017] Result: NOx concentration at the tail gas outlet is less than 6 mg / m 3 、SO 2 Concentration less than 5 mg / m 3 , particle content is less than 10mg / m 3 ; 1 ton of domestic waste produces 45kg of ash.

[0018] Embodiment 2: The structure of the device of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber is made of epoxy resin with good thermal conductivity, the material of the electric heating wire furnace bar is AgCu20, and the spacing is 4 cm; the outer wall of the jacket gasification combustion chamber is made of silicon carbide fiber, the preheating tube, the air distribution hole, the baffle, and the pyrolysis gas guide tube are all high temperature resistant materials, which are nickel-based high temperature alloys, and the igniter is a DLZ-A type plasma device; one end of the three pyrolysis gas guide tubes 3 is connected to the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber, and the other end extends into the jacket gasification combustion chamber, and the three pyrolysis gas guide tubes 3 are evenly arranged on the outside of the pyrolysis chamber;

[0019] The method for treating crop straw with the above device is the same as that in Example 1. The results show that the NOx concentration at the tail gas outlet is lower than 3 mg / m 3 、SO 2 Concentration less than 2 mg / m 3 , the particle content is less than 3mg / m 3 ; 1 ton of domestic waste produces 34kg of ash.

[0020] Example 3: The device structure of this example is the same as that of Example 1, except that: the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber is made of acrylic resin with good thermal conductivity, the electric heating wire bars are made of AgCuNi20-2 with a spacing of 3 cm, the outer wall of the jacketed gasification combustion chamber is made of aerogel felt, the preheating tube, air holes, baffles, and pyrolysis gas guide tube are all made of high temperature resistant material, which is W18CrMoNb alloy, and the igniter is a BD73-KTD-A ignition device.

[0021] The above device treats medical waste in the same way as in Example 1. The results show that the NOx concentration at the tail gas outlet is lower than 3 mg / m 3 、SO2 concentration is lower than 3mg / m 3 , the particle content is less than 5mg / m 3 . One ton of domestic waste produces 20 kg of ash.

Claims

1. A jacketed pyrolysis gasification incineration device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell and a pyrolysis chamber (10), wherein the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber (10) is arranged at the top of the shell, and the lower part is arranged at the center of the shell. A feed inlet (1) is provided on one side of the top of the pyrolysis chamber (10), and a cavity between the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber and the inner wall of the shell is a jacket gasification combustion chamber. One end of more than two pyrolysis gas guide pipes (3) is connected to the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber, and the other end extends into the jacket gasification combustion chamber. A plurality of combustion nozzles (12) facing the pyrolysis chamber are arranged on the pyrolysis gas guide pipes (3). The combustion nozzles (12) are provided at the top of the pyrolysis chamber. 2) an igniter (7) is arranged on one side, one end of the preheating tube (4) is arranged on the shell and communicated with the outside, and the other end is wound on the pyrolysis gas guide tube (3) and communicated with the gas distribution hole (5) in the pyrolysis gas guide tube, a baffle (6) is arranged obliquely at the bottom of the pyrolysis gas guide tube, a gasification combustion ash hopper is arranged at the bottom of the shell and is located at the bottom of the jacketed gasification combustion chamber, a plurality of electric heating wire furnace bars (11) are fixed side by side at intervals in the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber (10), and a pyrolysis ash hopper (9) is installed at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber (10).

2. The jacketed pyrolysis gasification incineration device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A one-way baffle (2) is provided in the feed port.

3. The jacketed pyrolysis gasification incineration device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The material of the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber is one of graphite, silicone grease, silicone, epoxy resin, polyurethane and acrylic resin with good thermal conductivity.

4. The jacketed pyrolysis gasification incineration device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The material of the heating wire furnace bar is one of AgCu5, AgCu7.5, AgCu10, AgCu15, AgCu20, AgCuNi20-2, and AgCu25 alloys, and the spacing is 1~4cm.

5. The jacketed pyrolysis gasification incineration device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shell material is one of polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, calcium silicate insulation products, ceramic fiber blanket, aluminum silicate felt, alumina, silicon carbide fiber, aerogel felt, glass wool, rock wool, expanded perlite, micro-nano insulation, foamed cement, and inorganic active wall insulation materials.

6. The jacketed pyrolysis gasification incineration device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The preheating tube, the air distribution holes, the baffle, and the pyrolysis gas guide tube are all made of high temperature resistant materials, and the high temperature resistant material is one of Cr-Mo steel series, nickel-based high temperature alloy, 12Cr1MoV alloy, and W18CrMoNb alloy.

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