Online detection method and system for rotor shafting of rotary transformer and rotary transformer system

Abstract

The application provides a rotating variable rotor excursion online detection method and system, which is used for detecting the rotating variable rotor excursion of a motor system and comprises the following steps: obtaining a torque request of the motor system and judging whether the torque request is 0Nm; when the torque request is 0Nm, judging whether the absolute value of a d-axis voltage is greater than a first threshold value; if yes, recording data and further judging whether the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than a second threshold value; if yes, performing a first action, otherwise, performing a second action. The method and system of the application do not need to add additional logic to affect the motor control, and it is easier to find the excursion when executing. At the same time, the detection coverage is greatly improved, and the uninterrupted operation monitoring of the whole product life cycle can be realized. Not only the occurrence of the excursion can be detected, but also the quantitative analysis of the rotating variable rotor excursion amplitude is realized, and then different operations are taken to better maintain and adjust the motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive motor testing technology, and in particular to an online detection method, system, and system for resolver rotor axial movement. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of automotive motors, especially when using resolvers as a solution for motor rotor positioning, after the relative position of the motor rotor and stator has been calibrated in the process and after the production line, if the resolver rotor moves during actual operation, it will cause torque attenuation or even loss of control. Torque attenuation is not easy to detect in mass production because there are no torque sensors, and it is difficult to locate the cause when control is out of control.

[0003] The existing control and detection of motor resolver rotors mainly fall into the following two categories:

[0004] 1. Currently, when pressing the resolver rotor of the motor, an interference fit is used, and tooling is used for positioning and pressing to maintain the integrity of the motor rotor and the resolver rotor;

[0005] 2. Before the motor and control system is off the production line, it is necessary to learn the deviation between the electrical zero point and the mechanical zero point of the motor rotor. After the learning is completed, the result is stored in EEPROM. Since this learning requires equipment and test bench support, this learning will not be performed again during the entire life cycle after the motor is off the production line.

[0006] After the aforementioned two processes involve calibrating the relative position of the motor rotor and stator during manufacturing and production, if rotor misalignment occurs during actual operation, it can lead to torque attenuation or even loss of control. Torque attenuation is difficult to detect in mass production due to the lack of torque sensors, and locating the cause of control failure is challenging. Real-time feedback on rotor misalignment is impossible, resulting in delayed motor adjustments and a lag. Therefore, in practical use, when such problems occur in pre-packaged motors, the entire motor is often replaced directly, without real-time correction, leading to resource waste. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides an online detection method and system for resolver rotor axial movement, to solve the problem of the inability to detect torque attenuation or even torque loss of control caused by resolver rotor axial movement in motors in real time.

[0008] According to a first aspect of the present invention, an online detection method for resolver rotor axial movement is provided for detecting resolver rotor axial movement in a motor system, comprising:

[0009] Obtain the torque request from the motor system and determine whether the torque request is 0 Nm;

[0010] If the torque request is 0 Nm, then it is determined whether the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than the first threshold. If so, data is recorded, and then it is further determined whether the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than the second threshold. If so, the first action is executed; otherwise, the second action is executed.

[0011] Optionally, before obtaining the torque request, the method further includes determining whether the motor system is in a weak magnetic field region; if not, performing the operation of obtaining the torque request of the motor system and determining whether the torque request is 0 Nm.

[0012] Optionally, the criterion for determining whether the motor system is in the field weakening zone is: whether the rotor speed is less than the preset speed. If so, it is in the field weakening zone; otherwise, it is in the non-field weakening zone.

[0013] Optionally, when the q-axis command current of the motor system is 0, the torque request is 0 Nm.

[0014] Optionally, the data recorded includes: operating conditions, torque request and response, rotational speed, d-axis voltage, and q-axis voltage.

[0015] Optionally, the method further includes freezing the information recorded in the data and setting it as a frozen frame to be accessed during or after data recording, and / or uploading it to a cloud database.

[0016] Optionally, the first action is: to stop operation and enter a maintenance pending state.

[0017] Optionally, the second action is: when the absolute value of the first detected d-axis voltage is greater than the first threshold or the historical detection value remains unchanged in sign and the absolute value does not show an increasing trend, then a torque limiting strategy is executed; or

[0018] The second action is as follows: if the absolute value of the d-axis voltage detected for the first time shows an increasing trend or the historical detection value oscillates positive and negative, then the preset program is entered to control the torque within the preset calibration value range of the maximum torque.

[0019] Optionally, the preset calibration range is obtained by filtering and extracting events from the data records through training.

[0020] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an online detection system for resolver rotor axial movement is provided for detecting resolver rotor axial movement in a motor system, comprising:

[0021] The torque determination module is used to obtain the torque request of the motor system and determine whether the torque request is 0 Nm;

[0022] The data recording module is used to record data when the torque judgment module determines that the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than a first threshold when the torque request is 0 Nm.

[0023] The action execution module is used to, when the torque request is 0 Nm, further determine the absolute value of the d-axis voltage when the torque judgment module determines that the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than a first threshold, and execute a first action when the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than a second threshold, otherwise execute a second action.

[0024] Optionally, it also includes a data processing module, used to freeze the information recorded by the data recording module and set it as a frozen frame to be accessed, and / or upload it to a cloud database. This invention provides...

[0025] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a resolver rotor system is provided, including a resolver transformer and the aforementioned resolver rotor axial movement online detection system.

[0026] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, an electric motor system is provided, including an electric motor and the aforementioned resolver rotor system, wherein the resolver is used to position the rotor of the electric motor.

[0027] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, an automobile is provided, including the aforementioned motor system.

[0028] The method and system of this invention achieve real-time detection of the amplitude of resolver rotor axial movement by observing intermediate quantities (d-axis voltage) during motor operation. This method does not require adding extra logic that affects motor control and makes it easier to detect axial movement during execution. Furthermore, since resolver rotor axial movement is an unexpected operating condition, the real-time detection method of this invention significantly improves the detection coverage.

[0029] The method and system of this invention, through graded detection, can not only detect whether axial movement occurs, but also achieve quantitative analysis of the amplitude of axial movement in the resolver rotor, thereby enabling different operations to be taken for better motor maintenance and adjustment. Real-time correction further avoids resource waste.

[0030] Furthermore, the accurate identification of the amplitude of the resolver rotor's oscillation by this invention provides a basis for subsequent logic processing. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the synchronous rotating coordinate system components of the voltage vector when a resolver shift occurs;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the online detection method for rotor axial movement of the resolver according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an online detection method for rotor sway of a resolver according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the online detection system for rotor axial movement of the resolver of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of an online detection system for rotor axial movement of a resolver according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments.

[0040] During the operation of a motor system, rotor axial movement can affect motor control performance and even cause loss of control. Therefore, by identifying the degree of rotor axial movement, different actions can be specified to prevent further deterioration and ensure operational safety. The voltage equation for motor control theory is as follows:

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] Among them, U d U q R represents the voltage in a two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system (i.e., the d-axis voltage and q-axis voltage obtained by equivalent decomposing a three-phase motor system into a two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system). s For phase resistance, i d i q These represent the d-axis and q-axis currents in a two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system, respectively, where ω is the electric angular velocity, Ψ is the rotor flux linkage, and L... d L q These are the d-axis transformer inductance and q-axis transformer inductance in a two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system, respectively.

[0044] Ideally, the q-axis command current of the motor system is 0, i.e., i q Under the condition of 0 = 0, that is, when the torque requirement is 0 Nm and the field is not weakened, the d-axis voltage U can be obtained according to the above formula (1). d It is also 0.

[0045] Disassembly of a two-phase rotary transformer for motor operation Figure 1 As shown. In actual motor control operation, if the resolver rotor of the motor experiences the following ε-wave movement, the two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system will shift, resulting in drift in the d-axis and q-axis voltages. This situation exists throughout the entire motor operating condition, but the degree of drift in most cases cannot be accurately identified. Therefore, this invention proposes an online detection method for resolver rotor axial movement based on this frequently occurring drift in the d-axis and q-axis voltages (intermediate quantities calculated by the motor control system, mainly obtained internally). This method allows for the quantitative assessment of the drift degree under operating conditions to observe the degree of resolver rotor movement, thus enabling the detection of resolver rotor axial movement in the motor system. Specifically, as follows:

[0046] refer to Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides an online detection method for resolver rotor axial movement. This method is used to detect resolver rotor axial movement in a motor system, and includes:

[0047] Obtain the torque request from the motor system and determine whether the torque request is 0 Nm;

[0048] When the torque request is 0 Nm, determine whether the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than the first threshold. If so, record the data and further determine whether the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than the second threshold. If so, execute the first action; otherwise, execute the second action.

[0049] In practical engineering applications, rotor misalignment in motors can occur due to various reasons, leading to torque attenuation. Excessive misalignment can even cause motor malfunction. Therefore, the aforementioned method was proposed. This method, based on long-term engineering practice, adjusts the value of the d-axis voltage U of the motor. d Observations were conducted, and it was discovered that when |U d As the voltage increases, the axial displacement amplitude ε of the resolver rotor also increases. Therefore, the d-axis voltage U... d As a basis for detecting rotor axial movement in the resolver, the system can identify the axial movement and its amplitude in real time during detection. This allows for the handling of consequences caused by existing rotor axial movement or the recording of data to prevent such consequences. Furthermore, by judging two levels of thresholds, the system can execute either a first or second action as needed to avoid or mitigate rotor failures, thereby better maintaining and controlling the motor.

[0050] The method uses d-axis voltage as the comparison basis mainly because the absolute value of d-axis voltage is related to rotor axial movement. However, in practice, it has been found that the relationship between q-axis voltage and rotor axial movement has not yet been found.

[0051] In a further preferred embodiment, before obtaining the torque request, the method further includes: determining whether the rotor is in a weak magnetic field region; if not, determining whether the torque request is 0 Nm. In this embodiment, the criterion for determining whether the rotor is in a weak magnetic field region is: whether the rotor speed is less than a preset speed. If the rotor speed is less than the preset speed, it indicates that the rotor is in a weak magnetic field region; otherwise, it is in a non-weakening magnetic field region. For rotors in motors with different parameter settings, those skilled in the art can set the specific value of the preset speed as needed.

[0052] In a further preferred embodiment, a torque request of 0 Nm means that when the product of the d-axis current and the q-axis current of the motor system is 0 (i.e., ideally, i... q If (=0), then the torque request in this method is 0 Nm. At this time, the d-axis voltage U d It is also 0.

[0053] More preferably, the method proceeds to determining the d-axis voltage U. dWhen the absolute value is greater than the first threshold, data is recorded. The recorded data includes numerical information such as the operating condition, torque request and response, speed, d-axis voltage, and q-axis voltage.

[0054] In a further preferred embodiment, the method further includes, simultaneously or after data recording, freezing the recorded information (i.e., the content information of the data recorded in the above embodiments) and setting it as a frozen frame to be accessed (i.e., performing local recording), and uploading the recorded information to a cloud database. In other modified embodiments, this part can also be configured to freeze the data locally and set it as a frozen frame to be accessed, or to only upload the recorded information to a cloud database. Specifically, uploading to the cloud database is performed through the T-BOX upload function of the system in which the method is implemented.

[0055] In this embodiment, the frozen frames to be accessed and the data in the cloud database can both be analyzed and used by the motor control system or the vehicle control system where the motor is located. This allows for analysis of the axial movement trend of the motor's resolver rotor and, after obtaining batch information of the motor products, for inferring the rationality of the motor product's manufacturing process. It should be understood that methods for local and cloud recording based on the above approach, and methods for using local and cloud records for data mining to empower design assistance, are all within the scope of this document.

[0056] Furthermore, the first action performed in this method is: to stop operation and enter a state awaiting maintenance;

[0057] The second action is as follows: when the absolute value of the first detected d-axis voltage is greater than the first threshold or the historical detection value remains unchanged in sign and the absolute value does not show an increasing trend, then the torque limit strategy is executed; or

[0058] The second action is as follows: if the absolute value of the d-axis voltage detected for the first time shows an increasing trend or the historical detection value oscillates positive and negative, then the preset program is entered to control the torque within the preset calibration value range of the maximum torque.

[0059] The preset calibration range involved in the second action is obtained by filtering and extracting events from the data records and training.

[0060] refer to Figure 3 The flowchart shown illustrates the specific execution of this method. When the method starts, it first checks whether the motor is operating in the weak magnetic field region. If not, it further checks whether the torque request is 0 Nm. If the torque request is 0, it further checks whether the absolute value of the d-axis voltage satisfies |U d |>TBD1 (TBD1 is the preset first threshold), if satisfied, data is recorded. Simultaneously, it is further determined whether the absolute value of the d-axis voltage satisfies |U dIf TBD2 (which is the preset second threshold) is met, then action 1 (the first action) is executed; otherwise, action 2 (the second action) is executed. The current round of detection ends after action 2 is executed. Furthermore, in the above operation process, any other cases falling under the above judgment conditions end the current round of detection and prepare for the next round of detection as needed or within a pre-set time period. The detection process for each round is the same as the execution process of the above method.

[0061] The specific case for executing action 1 is as follows: if U is detected d If the absolute values ​​are both greater than TBD2, it is considered that the rotor axial movement of the motor resolver has exceeded the tolerance range, and the entire system is no longer capable of continuing to operate. The diagnostic strategy is to stop operation and wait for maintenance.

[0062] The specific situation for executing action 2 is as follows: if U is detected d If the absolute value is greater than TBD1, there are two cases. Case 1: U is detected for the first time. d The absolute value is greater than TBD1 or U d If all detected values ​​have the same sign and the absolute value shows no increasing trend, then a torque limiting strategy is implemented to prevent further deterioration of the motor resolver rotor's axial movement. The degree of torque limiting varies with U. d The magnitudes of the absolute values ​​are positively correlated, i.e., U d The larger the absolute value, the lower the torque output capability; Case 2: U is detected. d If the historical value shows an increasing trend or fluctuates between positive and negative values, then the refractive rotor is in a state of worsening axial movement. The torque needs to be limited to a low level to avoid loss of control due to frequent angle fluctuations. In this case, Limp Level 3 operation should be initiated, and it is recommended to limit the torque at this level to 15% of the maximum torque (calibrable). This calibration value can be obtained by filtering and training based on the data recorded above.

[0063] In the above embodiments, the first threshold TBD1 and the second threshold TBD2 of this method can be numerically calibrated according to practical needs, and TBD2>TBD1. That is, in systems with different motor parameters, the different degrees of abnormality in system angle (the sway and amplitude of the motor resolver rotor) are divided, and then the specific threshold value is determined. Those skilled in the art can set it as needed in specific application practices.

[0064] refer to Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides an online detection system for resolver rotor axial movement. This system is used to detect resolver rotor axial movement in a motor system, including:

[0065] The torque determination module 41 is used to obtain the torque request of the motor system and determine whether the torque request is 0 Nm.

[0066] The data recording module 42 is used to record data when the torque judgment module determines that the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than a first threshold when the torque request is 0 Nm.

[0067] The action execution module 43 is used to, when the torque request is 0 Nm, further determine the absolute value of the d-axis voltage when the torque judgment module determines that the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than a first threshold, and execute the first action when the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than a second threshold, otherwise execute the second action.

[0068] refer to Figure 5 As shown, in a further preferred embodiment, the online detection system for rotor axial movement of the resolver further includes a data processing module 44, which is used to freeze the information recorded by the data recording module and set it as a frozen frame to be accessed, and / or upload it to a cloud database.

[0069] The online detection methods for resolver rotor axial movement provided in the above embodiments can all be executed via the online resolver rotor axial movement detection system, thereby achieving online detection of resolver rotor axial movement. It should be understood that this system can be configured as an independent system as needed, acquiring relevant parameters from the automotive motor control system and communicating with it to complete real-time resolver rotor axial movement detection and other motor maintenance operations (such as the aforementioned data recording, first action, and second action). Alternatively, the system can be integrated within the automotive motor control system as a functional module to execute the method, simultaneously acquiring relevant parameters from the automotive motor control system and communicating with other modules of the automotive motor control system to complete real-time resolver rotor axial movement detection and other motor maintenance operations. Those skilled in the art can modify the specific configuration of the online resolver rotor axial movement detection system as needed.

[0070] The method and system provided by this invention employ a tiered processing approach based on d-axis voltage judgment to address the axial movement of the resolver rotor. Furthermore, by uploading data online, it enables remote trend monitoring not only for individual motors but also for batches of products, allowing for data extraction. This application of cloud data allows for further calibration and training feedback on the specific values ​​involved in suppressing or mitigating the degree of rotor axial movement. This data collection and training process forms a closed loop, maximizing motor operation to continue driving the vehicle while also providing valuable reference for improving motor manufacturing processes and procedures.

[0071] The method and system provided by this invention are mainly adapted to the use of a rotary transformer resolver as a solution for motor rotor positioning, and provide a method and system for online identification of motor rotor axial movement problems. This online axial movement detection is of great significance, including but not limited to electric drive systems for new energy electric vehicles.

[0072] Furthermore, the method and system provided by this invention are also applicable to the following situations: the motor rotor magnet moves relative to the shaft or the motor stator winding moves relative to the stator core, causing a change in the relative position of the motor rotor relative to the motor stator. This can also lead to a decrease in torque capacity or even loss of control. Therefore, the method and system provided by this invention can also detect the movement of the motor rotor magnet relative to the shaft or the movement of the motor stator winding relative to the stator core. Thus, using the method and system of this invention to detect the movement of the motor rotor magnet relative to the shaft or the movement of the motor stator winding relative to the stator core is also within the scope of this invention.

[0073] Furthermore, the method and system provided by this invention can not only monitor the positional anomalies of the motor resolver rotor and avoid motor control abnormalities caused by the motor resolver rotor, but are also applicable to all related fields that use motors and utilize resolvers for rotor positioning (or have the same function as resolver rotors, such as photoelectric encoders / AB phase encoders / linear Hall effect sensors, etc.).

[0074] Meanwhile, embodiments of the present invention also provide a resolver rotor system, including a resolver transformer and the aforementioned resolver rotor axial movement online detection system.

[0075] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention also provide a motor system, including a motor and the aforementioned resolver rotor system, wherein the resolver is used to position the rotor of the motor.

[0076] In addition, embodiments of the present invention also provide an automobile, including the aforementioned motor system.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting on-line the axial displacement of a rotary variable displacement unit rotor, characterized in that, Used for detecting rotor axial movement in motor systems, including: Obtain the torque request from the motor system and determine whether the torque request is 0 Nm; If the torque request is 0 Nm, then determine whether the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than the first threshold. If so, record the data and further determine whether the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than the second threshold. If so, execute the first action; otherwise, execute the second action. The first action is: to stop operation and enter a maintenance pending state; The second action is as follows: when the absolute value of the d-axis voltage detected for the first time is greater than the first threshold or the historical detection value remains unchanged and the absolute value does not show an increasing trend, the torque limit strategy is executed; or, the second action is as follows: when the absolute value of the d-axis voltage detected for the first time shows an increasing trend or the historical detection value oscillates between positive and negative, the preset program is entered to control the torque within the preset calibration value range of the maximum torque.

2. The rotary union rotor migration on-line detection method of claim 1, wherein, Before obtaining the torque request, the process also includes determining whether the motor system is in a weak magnetic field region; if not, the process of obtaining the torque request of the motor system is executed, and determining whether the torque request is 0 Nm is executed.

3. The rotary union rotor migration on-line detection method of claim 2, wherein, The criterion for determining whether the motor system is in the weak magnetic field zone is: whether the rotor speed is less than the preset speed. If so, it is in the weak magnetic field zone; otherwise, it is not in the weak magnetic field zone.

4. The rotary union rotor migration on-line detection method of claim 1, wherein, When the q-axis command current of the motor system is 0, the torque request is 0 Nm.

5. The rotary union rotor migration on-line detection method of claim 1, wherein, The data recorded includes: operating conditions, torque request and response, speed, d-axis voltage, and q-axis voltage.

6. The rotary transformer rotor rub-on-line detection method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The method further includes freezing the recorded information and setting it as a frozen frame to be accessed during or after data recording, and / or uploading it to a cloud database.

7. The rotary union rotor migration on-line detection method of claim 1, wherein, The preset calibration range is obtained by filtering and extracting events from the data records.

8. An online system for detecting shaft misalignment of a rotary variable displacement unit, comprising: Used for detecting rotor axial movement in motor systems, including: The torque determination module is used to obtain the torque request of the motor system and determine whether the torque request is 0 Nm; The data recording module is used to record data when the torque judgment module determines that the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than a first threshold when the torque request is 0 Nm. The action execution module is used to, when the torque request is 0 Nm, further determine the absolute value of the d-axis voltage when the torque judgment module determines that the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than a first threshold, and execute a first action when the absolute value of the d-axis voltage is greater than a second threshold; otherwise, execute a second action. The first action is: to stop operation and enter a maintenance pending state; The second action is as follows: when the absolute value of the d-axis voltage detected for the first time is greater than the first threshold or the historical detection value remains unchanged and the absolute value does not show an increasing trend, the torque limit strategy is executed; or, the second action is as follows: when the absolute value of the d-axis voltage detected for the first time shows an increasing trend or the historical detection value oscillates between positive and negative, the preset program is entered to control the torque within the preset calibration value range of the maximum torque.

9. The rotary control valve rotor rub-on-line detection system of claim 8, wherein, It also includes a data processing module, used to freeze the information recorded by the data recording module and set it as a frozen frame to be accessed, and / or upload it to a cloud database.

10. A rotary transformer rotor system, characterized by, This includes a rotary transformer and the online detection system for rotor sway of a rotary transformer as described in claim 8 or 9.

11. An electric machine system characterized by It includes an electric motor and a resolver rotor system as described in claim 10, wherein the resolver is used to position the rotor of the electric motor.

12. An automobile characterized by comprising: Including the motor system as described in claim 11.

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