Device and application for measuring the rate of release of flammable gas when a substance reacts with water

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device and application for measuring the rate of release of flammable gas when a substance reacts with water, comprising: an ambient temperature control component, a sample reaction component, a gas volume measurement component, and a gas flammability determination component, wherein the sample reaction component is located in a constant temperature water bath (10); the volume measurement component is connected to the sample reaction component through a pipeline (3); and the gas flammability determination component is located above the gas collector (4). Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, good constant temperature performance, accurate and reliable measurement results, and meeting international detection standards, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of determination of hazardous chemicals, and particularly to an apparatus and application for determining the rate of release of flammable gas when a substance reacts with water. Background Art

[0002] At present, hazardous chemicals are commodities subject to mandatory inspection for international import and export. Due to the hazards inherent in hazardous chemicals, combustion and explosion accidents are likely to occur during transportation if their packaging is improper. To ensure safety during transportation, it is necessary to correctly identify the hazards of hazardous chemicals according to the international hazardous chemical test rules before packaging, and then select the correct packaging according to their hazard categories. In the past, there have been cases where safety accidents occurred due to incorrect classification and packaging of dangerous goods, resulting in the selection of the wrong transport packaging.

[0003] According to the unified classification of substances and their mixtures in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS), the standardization of test methods and the reliability of test data are the basis for classification. Only by obtaining reproducible and valid test data and results according to unified and standardized methods can they be used for chemical classification. Therefore, the specific requirements for the test process in the test standard determine the reliability of the method.

[0004] Substances that react with water to emit flammable gases, after coming into contact with water or getting damp, will undergo violent reactions that decompose water, release combustible gases and generate heat. When exposed to an open flame, combustion or explosion may occur, and they are likely to become the ignition source of secondary accidents, leading to chain accidents. Even some substances will spontaneously combust when in contact with water, presenting extremely high risks. Since substances that react with water to emit flammable gases pose great dangers and some substances will spontaneously combust upon contact with moisture in the air, protective measures need to be taken according to their risk levels during storage, transportation and use. Such substances mainly include active metals (such as lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), hydrides (such as sodium cyanide, calcium hydride, etc.), carbides (such as calcium carbide, i.e., calcium carbide, etc.), metal organic compounds (such as sodium methoxide, triethylaluminum, etc.) and silicides (such as magnesium silicide, etc.). There are mainly two situations where such substances cause fires and explosions. One is that violent reactions occur upon contact with water, and the heat released can immediately heat the generated combustible gas to its ignition point, resulting in a fire. The other is that the heat released by the reaction with water is not sufficient to ignite the gas, and the generated combustible gas can cause an explosion when encountering other ignition sources. Moreover, the emergency disposal after the explosion of such substances is relatively complex. Once such substances catch fire, water cannot be used for extinguishing, and other dangers also need to be taken into account during extinguishing because the reaction products of such substances usually have corrosiveness and irritation. Personal protection needs to be done well to prevent irritation to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin. Due to the complexity of their hazards, strict classification and control are required during transportation, storage and use.

[0005] At present, for the test devices that release flammable gases upon contact with water, apart from those self-built in laboratories, the commercially available devices mainly adopt the drainage weighing method, which weighs the mass of the discharged water and calculates the gas release volume based on the mass of the water. The devices on the market and existing patents generally have the following three drawbacks: First, the temperature control part only controls the temperature of the reaction vessel part and does not control the temperature of the entire system. According to PV=nRT, when the temperature changes by 1°C, the volume change of 1 mol of gas is approximately 82 mL. Therefore, without strict temperature control measures, when the external temperature changes, the volume of the gas released by the test sample will fluctuate, resulting in result errors, and in severe cases, it will affect the classification grade of dangerous goods. Second, most devices do not have a gas flammability determination device, and it is impossible to judge whether an unknown gas is a flammable gas. If the released gas is not a flammable gas, the detection of the gas release rate is meaningless. Third, the vast majority of devices do not have a pressure balance device. When the substance to be tested releases gas, the gas must generate enough pressure to discharge the water. Therefore, the volume of the discharged water is actually smaller than the volume produced by the sample release, resulting in a smaller result. If the gas release rate result is near the critical value, it may lead to misjudgment of the danger level when classifying its hazard. On the other hand, there are also some devices for the rate of flammable gas release upon reaction with water at home and abroad, which also have some of the above problems and are relatively expensive.

[0006] Currently, the main international standards for detecting substances that emit flammable gases upon contact with water are as follows: 1. UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Section 33.5.4 Substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases (hereinafter referred to as UN "Manual of Tests and Criteria" 33.5.4); 2. EC REGULATION No 440 / 2008 Annex A.12 Flammability (Contact with water) (hereinafter referred to as EC REGULATION A.12). The UN "Manual of Tests and Criteria" has more specific classifications for dangerous goods (four risk levels: Risk Class 1, 2, 3, and non-classified). The determination condition for Class 1 is substances or mixtures that release flammable gases at a rate ≥ 10 L / (kg·min) within any 1 minute. The determination condition for Class 2 is substances or mixtures with a maximum gas release rate ≥ 20 L / (kg·h) and do not meet the criteria for Class 1. The determination condition for Class 3 is substances or mixtures with a maximum gas release rate ≥ 1 L / (kg·h) and do not meet the criteria for Class 1 and Class 2. Class 4 refers to those that do not meet the above. For EC REGULATION A.12 of the EU, the determination condition for substances that emit flammable gases upon contact with water is that if the rate of releasing flammable gases exceeds 1 L / (kg·h) at any time, it is a dangerous good. In terms of chemical classification, emergency management, and road transport safety, the test method for determining substances that emit flammable gases upon contact with water mainly relies on UN "Manual of Tests and Criteria" 33.5.4; in the management of new chemical substances, the method of EC REGULATION A.12 is mainly followed. It is not difficult to see that the classification requirements for substances in the "Manual of Tests and Criteria" are more stringent. However, in the "Manual of Tests and Criteria", there is no clear regulation on how to measure the volume, and our current measuring device for substances that emit flammable gases upon contact with water is difficult to meet the requirements of observing any 1 minute or the maximum gas release rate.

[0007] Therefore, it is imperative to develop a measuring device that can be used to measure the gas release rate of substances that emit flammable gases upon contact with water.

[0008] Chinese Patent CN112147036A discloses a test device and test method for the water-releasing gas reaction ability of a constant-temperature substance. The device includes a lifting water tank unit and a constant-temperature water tank unit connected to the lifting water tank unit. The constant-temperature water tank unit includes a constant-temperature water tank, and a water addition and preheating mechanism, a substance reaction mechanism, and a liquid level balance mechanism respectively arranged in the constant-temperature water tank. The water addition and preheating mechanism, the substance reaction mechanism, and the liquid level balance mechanism are connected in sequence and communicate with each other. This device can meet the requirements of good temperature control. However, the device operation is complicated. When measuring some substances with relatively fast gas release rates, it cannot meet the requirements of gas release rate measurement in the judgment basis. It can only measure the average gas release rate within a certain period of time, which often leads to a low final measurement result and misjudgment of the danger level. Moreover, this device does not consider the influence of the heat release effect usually accompanied by the release of gas by this type of substance on the gas volume expansion.

[0009] Chinese Patent CN201600311U discloses a tester for flammable gas released by dangerous chemicals when encountering water, including a dropping container, a container, a solenoid valve, a gas one-way device, a flow sensor, a gas collection container, a computer, a printer, a liquid flow regulating valve, and an exhaust valve. A flow sensor is installed between the gas one-way device and the gas collection container. The output signal line of the flow sensor is connected to the A / D module on the computer system, and the computer performs data acquisition, operation, and control. This patent has the following several disadvantages: 1. There is no temperature control device. The United Nations "Test and Standard Manual" requires that the test must be carried out under the condition of 20°C. If the test temperature fluctuates, it will greatly affect the gas volume, resulting in too large or too small gas release speed, and then affecting the judgment. There is no description in this device on how to control the ambient temperature of the test device; 2. For the determination of substances that release flammable gas when reacting with water, generally, the main type of gas released by the substance is hydrogen. However, this device uses the downward air displacement method, and the gas is easy to leak, which may lead to the situation that it cannot be ignited during the ignition test due to the escape of hydrogen; 3. The gas collection device of this device does not consider pressure relief. When too much gas is released from the test system, it is easy to cause too high pressure in the gas collection bottle, resulting in the danger of the stopper of the gas collection bottle being ejected; 4. There is no gas ignition device, and it is impossible to judge whether the unknown gas is a flammable gas.

[0010] Chinese Patent CN206862825U discloses a test instrument for flammable gas released by hazardous chemicals when encountering water. This device has the following several disadvantages: 1. There is no corresponding gas velocity detection device per minute, and it is impossible to accurately determine Class 1 substances that release flammable gas when encountering water in the United Nations "Manual of Tests and Criteria". 2. There is no air pressure balance device. During the test, if the substance releases a large amount of gas, it will cause the pressure in the system to be too high. When the pressure at the collection end is too high, it is impossible to accurately measure the gas release rate of the substance through the rotameter. 3. When the gas is stored in the collection box, the gas in the collection box is a mixture of air and the gas released by the sample. When the volume of the gas released by the sample is small, it may not be easily ignited during the ignition test, resulting in false negative results being obtained by mistake.

[0011] Chinese Patent CN102706770A discloses a rapid detection device and application for the rate of flammable gas released by chemicals when reacting with water, including an ultrasonic water bath device, a constant pressure dropping funnel, a conical flask, a precision flowmeter, and a remote control device. This patent aims to accelerate the reaction of the test system through the ultrasonic water bath and does not determine the danger of the substance by judging the rate of the released gas, which does not conform to the United Nations "Manual of Tests and Criteria" 33.5.4 and EC REGULATION A.12 standards. Moreover, the gas collection device of this patent is unreasonable. Usually, the flammable gas produced by substances that release flammable gas when reacting with water is hydrogen, and the type of gas collected by this device is a gas with a density greater than that of air.

[0012] Chinese Patent CN2490569Y discloses an experimental instrument for substances that release flammable gas when dangerous goods encounter water. This patent uses the drainage method to measure the volume of the released gas, including a dropping funnel connected to a conical flask, the conical flask connected to a three-way pipe, the three-way pipe connected to the air inlet of a cylinder, the cylinder having a piston, the air outlet of the cylinder connected to a gas collecting bottle, the gas collecting bottle connected to a beaker, a weighing scale under the beaker, and the weighing scale connected to a computer and a printer. Through the study of this patent, it is found that this patent also has two disadvantages: 1. There is no temperature control device. When the temperature changes, the temperature fluctuation will cause the gas volume to change, which will have a greater impact on whether the gas release rate can be accurately measured. 2. This method does not consider that a large pressure is required to release flammable gas to drain part of the water. There is a liquid level difference when the liquid drains from the gas collecting bottle into the liquid measuring device, so the gas pressure in the gas collecting bottle is not equal to the external atmospheric pressure, and the obtained gas volume is not the gas volume under atmospheric pressure, resulting in a smaller measured volume and a gas release rate lower than the actual value, affecting the classification grade of the substance's danger.

[0013] Chinese Patent CN202204750U discloses a chemical water-releasing gas flow rate measuring instrument. The device includes a reaction chamber, a gas flow path, a measuring device, a control system, and a display; the gas flow path connects the gas outlet of the reaction chamber and the input end of the measuring device; the control system is connected to the measuring device and the display; it further includes a calibration module; the calibration module is connected to the control system and the measuring device, and includes calibration curves of different gases. This patent has the following several disadvantages: 1. The device does not control the temperature of the entire system, only the temperature of the reaction chamber part. 2. There is no gas ignition device, and it is impossible to judge whether an unknown gas is a flammable gas.

[0014] Chinese Patent CN101413862B discloses a device for testing the rate of flammable gas released by a substance when it encounters water. It is characterized by a constant-pressure separating funnel with a side tube, which is connected to a conical flask through a three-way tube. The latter is placed in a constant-temperature water bath controller circulator, and the constant-temperature water bath controller circulator is equipped with a water bath for heating and refrigeration; switches are respectively installed at the side tube and the bottom outlet of the constant-pressure separating funnel; the side outlet of the three-way tube is connected to the inlet of the flowmeter, and the outlet of the flowmeter is connected to a buffer bottle; the input end of the display is connected to the output end of the flowmeter. This device has the following three disadvantages. 1. The temperature of the entire system is not kept constant. Temperature fluctuations will cause changes in the gas volume, which will have a greater impact on the accurate measurement of the gas release rate. 2. When using a gas flowmeter to measure the gas release rate of a substance, when the gas release rate is low (when the gas release rate is 1 L / (kg·h), if the sample addition amount is 25 g, its instantaneous gas release rate is 0.4 mL / min, that is, 0.0067 mL / s), it is difficult for the gas flowmeter to achieve accurate measurement. Third: It is difficult for this device to collect the gas released by the substance for flammability measurement.

[0015] In summary, it is currently difficult to find a test device on the market that meets both the requirements of the United Nations "Manual of Tests and Criteria" and the EC REGULATION A.12 standard, and there is no relatively perfect patent. Therefore, developing a reliable test device that meets the above standards has broad application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0016] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and application for measuring the rate of flammable gas released by a substance when it reacts with water to solve the above problems. The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and has a low cost. It meets both the test requirements of substances that release flammable gas when reacting with water in the United Nations "Manual of Tests and Criteria" and the test requirements of substances that release flammable gas when reacting with water in the EC REGULATION A.12 standard, solves the current situation of inaccurate measurement results of the gas release rate, poor constant-temperature system, and complex operation of the current test device, and enables the device to meet domestic and foreign detection standards.

[0017] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: A device for measuring the rate of flammable gas released by a substance upon reaction with water, comprising:

[0018] An environmental temperature control component, including a constant temperature test chamber and a constant temperature water bath placed therein, for controlling the system temperature to ensure that the test temperature is maintained at 20 °C throughout the test process;

[0019] A sample reaction component, including a reactor placed in the constant temperature water bath, and a constant pressure funnel provided on the reactor for the reaction of the sample with water;

[0020] A gas volume measurement component, including a gas collector, a horizontal U-tube, a graduated cylinder with a different neck and a V-shaped pressure balancer. The gas inlet of the gas collector is connected to the reactor, and the gas outlet is connected to the V-shaped pressure balancer through the horizontal U-tube. The graduated cylinder with a different neck is arranged at the end of the V-shaped pressure balancer for detecting the volume of the gas generated by the reaction;

[0021] A gas flammability determination component, including an igniter, provided above the gas collector for detecting the flammability of the gas;

[0022] Further, the environmental temperature control component further includes a constant temperature water bath controller, which is connected to the constant temperature water bath through a water bath pipeline, and the liquid level in the constant temperature water bath is higher than the height of the sample in the reactor;

[0023] The functions of the constant temperature water bath controller and the constant temperature water bath are to control the temperature in the reactor of the sample reaction component, prevent the temperature in the reactor from rising sharply due to the heat release of the sample reaction, and finally cause volume expansion, thus introducing measurement errors and resulting in abnormal results where the measurement result is greater than the actual gas release volume.

[0024] Further, the sample reaction component further includes a three-way valve, which is connected to the constant pressure funnel, the reactor and the gas collector through the three-way valve;

[0025] Further, the gas volume measurement component further includes a liquid flowmeter, which is arranged between the horizontal U-tube and the V-shaped pressure balancer. The liquid flowmeter is connected to a computer through a data line, and transmits the collected real-time signal to the computer, and determines the dangerous category of the test substance by setting the gas release rate per minute or per hour;

[0026] Further, the V-shaped pressure balancer functions to balance pressure. The bottommost end of the glass tube at the end of the V-shaped pressure balancer is higher than the topmost end of the glass tube at the front end of the V-shaped pressure balancing device. This design can ensure that water can be discharged when there is a slight pressure generated inside the system. Without external force, the water in the horizontal U-tube will be "liquid-sealed" in the horizontal U-tube. At this time, the water is static, and the flowmeter will not collect signals. Without the V-shaped pressure balancer, when the test is not carried out, due to the action of gravity, the water will flow out of the horizontal U-tube, unable to play the role of isolating air and the test system, and resulting in incorrect early counting of the liquid flowmeter.

[0027] Further, the gas collector is located at the highest point inside the constant temperature test chamber. The shape of the gas collector is funnel-shaped, and its upper end is connected to a valve. Usually, the gas released by the test substance is mainly flammable gas, with hydrogen being the majority. Since the density of hydrogen is much smaller than that of air, the generated gas accumulates in the gas collector at the highest point of the device. In the ignition test after the gas release rate test, it will not cause insufficient concentration of flammable gas and difficulty in ignition due to the gas being dispersed throughout the device, resulting in false negative results.

[0028] Further, the gas flammability determination component is an igniter, which is located above the valve.

[0029] Further, a gas collecting device is connected behind the valve for gas composition analysis.

[0030] The application of the device for measuring the rate of release of flammable gas when the measured substance reacts with water includes the following steps:

[0031] (1) Preparation: Install each component and check the airtightness;

[0032] (2) Sample loading: Add the test sample to the reactor and add distilled water to the constant pressure funnel;

[0033] (3) Gas release rate test: Turn on the ambient temperature control component, open the stopcock of the constant pressure funnel, add water to the reactor, then close the stopcock of the constant pressure funnel. The test sample reacts with water to release gas. The released gas accumulates in the gas collector and pushes the liquid in the horizontal U-tube to flow into the graduated cylinder with different necks through the liquid flowmeter and the V-shaped pressure balancer. According to the total amount and rate of water flowing out measured by the liquid flowmeter, the gas release rate is read in real time;

[0034] (4) Gas flammability test: Turn on the igniter. If the gas can be ignited, it indicates that the collected gas is flammable gas.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0036] (1) The present invention uses a V-type pressure balance device to ensure that the pressure inside the reaction vessel is consistent with the external pressure, thereby ensuring that the volume of water discharged from the test system is equal to the actual volume of gas released by the sample.

[0037] (2) The present invention uses a liquid flowmeter to measure the gas release rate by the rate at which gas displaces water. It has high accuracy and can isolate the gas released by the substance from the atmosphere, making the flammability measurement results more accurate and reliable.

[0038] (3) The present invention has an ignition device (and can be connected to a gas collection bag for gas collection) to measure the flammability of the gas.

[0039] (4) The structure of the present invention is simple and the cost is low. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 is a top view schematic diagram of the horizontal return pipe structure in the device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 is a horizontal schematic diagram of the V-type pressure balance device structure in the device of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure: 1 - constant temperature test chamber, 2 - constant pressure funnel, 3 - pipeline, 4 - gas collector, 5 - igniter, 6 - valve, 7 - constant temperature water bath controller, 8 - water bath pipeline, 9 - reactor, 10 - constant temperature water bath, 11 - three-way valve, 12 - iron stand and bracket, 13 - horizontal return pipe, 14 - liquid flowmeter, 15 - graduated cylinder with different necks, 16 - V-type pressure balance, 17 - computer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0044] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0045] In the technical solution of the present invention, features such as component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, algorithms, etc. that are not clearly described are regarded as common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0046] Embodiment

[0047] A measuring device for measuring the gas release rate of substances that release flammable gases upon reaction with water, as Figures 1-3 shown, includes four parts: an environmental temperature control component, a sample reaction component, a gas volume measurement component, and a gas flammability measurement component;

[0048] Among them,

[0049] The environmental temperature control component is used to control the system temperature to ensure that the test temperature is maintained at 20°C throughout the test process, including a constant temperature test chamber 1, a constant temperature water bath controller 7, a water bath pipeline 8, and a constant temperature water bath 10; the constant temperature water bath controller 7 is located outside the constant temperature test chamber 1; the constant temperature water bath 10 is located inside the constant temperature test chamber 1, and the water bath pipeline 8 passes through the constant temperature test chamber 1, with one side used to connect to the constant temperature water bath controller 7 and the other side used to connect to the constant temperature water bath 10. The functions of the constant temperature water bath controller 7 and the constant temperature water bath 10 are to control the temperature inside the reactor 9 (such as a conical flask that can be used in a laboratory) in the sample reaction component, prevent the temperature inside the reactor 9 from rising sharply due to the heat released by the sample reaction, and ultimately cause volume expansion, introducing measurement errors, resulting in abnormal results where the measured value is greater than the actual gas release volume.

[0050] The sample reaction component includes a constant temperature funnel 2, a pipeline 3, a reactor 9, and a three-way valve 11. The constant temperature funnel 2 is placed at the upper end of the three-way valve 11, the lower end of the three-way valve 11 is connected to the reactor 9, and the side is connected to the pipeline 3. After connection, the reactor 9 is placed in the constant temperature water bath 10, and the liquid level in the constant temperature water bath 10 submerges the height of the sample in the reactor 9.

[0051] The gas volume measurement component includes a gas collector 4, a valve 6, an iron stand and a bracket 12, a horizontal U-tube 13, a liquid flowmeter 14, an Erlenmeyer flask 15, a V-shaped pressure balancer 16, and a computer 17. The gas collector 4 is located at the highest point inside the constant temperature test chamber 1, and a funnel-shaped gas collection device is used. Its upper end is connected to the valve 6, its lower end is connected to the pipeline 3, and the side is connected to the horizontal U-tube 13 as shown. Figure 2 As shown. Usually, the gas released by the test substance is mainly flammable gas hydrogen. Since the density of hydrogen is much smaller than that of air, the generated gas mainly accumulates in the gas collector 4 at the highest point of the device. In the ignition test after the gas release rate test, it will not cause insufficient concentration of flammable gas and difficulty in ignition, resulting in false negative results because the gas is dispersed throughout the device. The end of the horizontal U-tube 13 is provided with a V-shaped pressure balancer 16, and an Erlenmeyer flask 15 is placed at the end of the V-shaped pressure balancer 16. The liquid flowmeter 14 is located between the horizontal U-tube 13 and the V-shaped pressure balancer 16. Before the test starts, the horizontal U-tube 13 needs to be filled with water. Its main function is to isolate the gas to prevent the flammable gas generated by the test from escaping into the air and affecting the final ignition test result. The Erlenmeyer flask 15 is used to receive the water flowing out of the horizontal U-tube 13 and can be compared with the gas release volume measured by the liquid flowmeter 14. The reason for using a liquid flowmeter instead of a gas flowmeter is that when measuring low flow rates or non-steady flow rates, the liquid flowmeter has higher accuracy and smaller errors compared to the gas flowmeter. The function of the V-shaped pressure balancer 16 is pressure balance. The lowest end of the glass tube at its end is slightly higher than the highest end of the front glass tube, as shown.Figure 3 As shown, this design can ensure that water can be discharged when there is a slight internal pressure in the system. Without external force, the water in the horizontal return pipe will be "liquid-sealed" in the horizontal return pipe 13. At this time, the water is static, and the liquid flowmeter 14 will not collect signals. Without the V-type pressure balancer 16, when the test is not carried out, due to the action of gravity, the water will flow out of the horizontal return pipe 13, which cannot play the role of isolating air and the test system, and the result of the premature counting of the liquid flowmeter 14 is incorrect. The liquid flowmeter 14 is connected to the computer 17 through a data cable, and transmits the collected real-time signal to the computer 17. By setting the gas release rate per minute or per hour, the dangerous category of the test substance can be determined.

[0052] The gas flammability determination component is the igniter 5, which is used to detect the flammability of the gas. When not igniting, it can also be connected to the gas collection bag through the valve 6 to collect the gas for gas composition analysis.

[0053] In this embodiment, the specific usage method of the device is the following steps:

[0054] 1. Preparation:

[0055] Before starting the test with the sample, connect the constant pressure funnel 2, the reactor 9, and the three-way valve 11 with the pipeline 3 and fix them on the iron stand and the bracket 12. Fill the horizontal return pipe 13 with distilled water from the end of the V-type pressure balancer 16 using a syringe. Place the liquid flowmeter 14 between the horizontal return pipe 13 and the V-type pressure balancer 16, and check the airtightness. After ensuring the airtightness, proceed with the following steps.

[0056] 2. Sample loading:

[0057] Add the sample that meets the standard requirements to the reactor 9. (If required according to the standard EC REGULATION A.12, add 10 g of the sample to be tested; if required according to the United Nations "Test and Standard Manual" 33.5.4, the substance sufficient to produce 100 - 250 mL of gas, up to 25 g of the substance), and add distilled water (if required according to the standard EC REGULATION A.12, add 10 - 20 mL, if according to the United Nations "Test and Standard Manual" 33.5.4, add an excessive amount of water) to the constant pressure funnel 2.

[0058] 3. Gas release rate test:

[0059] Turn on the constant temperature test chamber 1 and the constant temperature water bath controller 7, and control the temperature to 20 °C. After the ambient temperature stabilizes, start the test. Then slowly open the stopcock of the constant pressure funnel 2, add water to the reactor, and then close the stopcock of the constant pressure funnel 2. At this time, the substance reacts with water to release gas and heat. The heat is transferred to the water through the constant temperature water bath 10, and is cooled by the constant temperature water bath controller 7 to ensure that the temperature is maintained at 20 °C, avoiding the influence of temperature rise on the expansion of the gas system in the system. The generated gas enters the gas collector 4 through the pipeline 3. Since the gas released by the test substance is mainly flammable gas, with hydrogen being the majority. Because the density of hydrogen is much smaller than that of air, the generated gas mainly accumulates in the gas collector 4 at the highest point of the device. The gas generated pushes the liquid in the horizontal U-tube 13 to flow into the dropping funnel 15 after passing through the liquid flowmeter 14 and the V-type pressure equalizer 16. The rotameter measures the total amount and rate of water flowing out, transmits the signal to the computer to read the gas release rate in real time, and compares the reading result with the total amount of liquid collected in the dropping funnel 15. If they are consistent, it indicates that the result is accurate.

[0060] 4. Flammability test of gas:

[0061] Conduct an ignition test on the gas collected in the gas collector 4. Slowly open the valve 6 and then turn on the igniter 5. If the gas can be ignited, it indicates that the collected gas is flammable. Otherwise, collect the gas in the gas collector 4 with a gas collection bag for component analysis.

[0062] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in other forms. Any person skilled in the art may use the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution content of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for measuring the rate of release of flammable gas when a substance reacts with water, characterized in that, Comprising: An environmental temperature control component, including a constant temperature test chamber (1) and a constant temperature water bath (10) placed therein, for controlling the system temperature; A sample reaction component, including a reactor (9) placed in the constant temperature water bath (10), and a constant pressure funnel (2) is provided on the reactor (9) for the reaction of the sample with water; A gas volume measurement component, including a gas collector (4), a horizontal U-tube (13), a graduated cylinder with a special neck (15) and a V-shaped pressure equalizer (16). The gas inlet of the gas collector (4) is connected to the reactor (9), and the gas outlet is connected to the V-shaped pressure equalizer (16) through the horizontal U-tube (13). The graduated cylinder with a special neck (15) is arranged at the end of the V-shaped pressure equalizer (16) for detecting the volume of the gas generated by the reaction; A gas flammability determination component, including an igniter (5), arranged above the gas collector (4) for detecting the flammability of the gas; A liquid flowmeter (14) is arranged between the horizontal U-tube (13) and the V-shaped pressure equalizer (16), and the liquid flowmeter (14) is connected to a computer (17) through a data line; The bottommost end of the glass tube at the end of the V-shaped pressure equalizer (16) is higher than the topmost end of its front glass tube.

2. The device for measuring the rate of release of flammable gas when a substance reacts with water according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental temperature control component further includes a constant temperature water bath controller (7), and the constant temperature water bath controller (7) is connected to the constant temperature water bath (10) through a water bath pipeline (8).

3. A device for measuring the rate of release of flammable gas when a substance reacts with water according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental temperature control component controls the test temperature to be 20 °C.

4. The device for measuring the rate of release of flammable gas when a substance reacts with water according to claim 1, wherein, The sample reaction component further includes a three-way valve (11), and the constant pressure funnel (2), the reactor (9) and the gas collector (4) are connected through the three-way valve (11).

5. The device for measuring the rate of release of flammable gas when a substance reacts with water according to claim 1, wherein The gas collector (4) is located at the highest point inside the constant temperature test chamber (1).

6. The device for measuring the rate of release of flammable gas when a substance reacts with water according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas collector (4) is funnel-shaped, and its upper end is connected to a valve (6).

7. The device for measuring the rate of release of flammable gas when a substance reacts with water according to claim 6, characterized in that, The igniter (5) is located above the valve (6).

8. Use of a device for measuring the rate of release of flammable gas upon reaction of a substance with water according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, This application includes the following steps: (1) Preparation: Install each component and check the airtightness; (2) Sample loading: Add the sample into the reactor (9), and add distilled water into the constant pressure funnel (2); (3) Gas release rate test: Turn on the environmental temperature control component, open the constant pressure funnel (2), add water into the reactor (9), then close the constant pressure funnel (2). The sample reacts with water to release gas. The gas released by the reaction accumulates in the gas collector (4), and pushes the liquid in the horizontal U-tube (13) to flow through the liquid flowmeter (14) and the V-shaped pressure equalizer (16) and then into the graduated cylinder with a special neck (15). According to the total amount and rate of the water flowing out measured by the liquid flowmeter (14), the gas release rate is read in real time; (4) Gas flammability test: Turn on the igniter (5). If the gas can be ignited, it means that the collected gas is a flammable gas.

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