A method for selecting the optimal location of 5G antennas in substations

Abstract

A method for selecting the optimal location of a 5G antenna in a substation includes the following steps: setting each sensor receiving a 5G signal in the substation as a signal transmitting end, and the signal receiving end is located at any position in the substation; the 5G channel in the substation is equivalent to a set of straight lines or broken lines starting from the signal transmitting end and ending at the signal receiving end; determining the actual path of each 5G channel according to the relative position of the 5G signal transceiver and the spatial layout of the substation; calculating the channel loss generated by the 5G signal on each path, obtaining the channel loss generated by each set signal transmitting end propagating the 5G signal to a certain point, determining the maximum value of the generated channel loss, and using it as the channel loss of the point; the point where the minimum channel loss is generated is the optimal location of the 5G antenna. The present invention can reduce the loss of 5G signals during the propagation process, ensure that each sensor can effectively and real-time transmit the monitoring data of the substation operation parameters, thereby improving the operation safety of the substation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of 5G substation communications, and in particular to a method for selecting an optimal location for a 5G antenna in a substation. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, in order to improve the efficiency of information transmission of monitoring equipment in substations, some substations in China have begun to introduce 5G communication technology to complete the transmission of monitoring data of equipment in the substation. However, compared with the previous 4G signals, 5G signals are easily affected by the surrounding environment during the transmission process and produce greater losses, so that the monitoring data of substation operating parameters cannot be effectively transmitted in real time, affecting the operation safety of the substation. Therefore, selecting the optimal position of the 5G antenna in the substation can reduce the loss of 5G signals during the transmission process, so as to improve the operation safety of the substation.

[0003] The Chinese patent "A method, device, equipment and medium for site selection of 5G base stations in a substation" (application number: 202111674965.5) provides a method for site selection of 5G base stations in a substation. Based on the electromagnetic compatibility requirements for the normal operation of 5G base stations, it finds the deployable area in the substation that meets the electromagnetic compatibility requirements of 5G base stations. This method is limited to solving the electromagnetic compatibility problem of 5G base stations, and cannot ensure that the 5G signal of the substation generates the least loss during the propagation process, and has no guiding role in ensuring the stability of data transmission of various sensors in the substation. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem of how to determine the optimal 5G antenna position in a substation, the present invention provides a site selection method for the optimal 5G antenna position in a substation. By selecting the optimal 5G antenna position in the substation through the site selection method of the present invention, the loss of 5G signals in the propagation process can be reduced, ensuring that each sensor can effectively and real-time transmit the monitoring data of the substation operating parameters, thereby improving the operating safety of the substation.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for selecting the optimal location of a 5G antenna in a substation, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Set each sensor that receives 5G signals in the substation as a signal transmitter, and set the 5G antenna as a signal receiver;

[0008] Step 2: Equivalently transform the complex 5G channels in the substation into a set of straight lines or broken lines starting from the signal transmitter and ending at the signal receiver;

[0009] Step 3: Determine the actual path of each 5G channel based on the spatial location of the 5G signal transceiver and each metal device in the substation;

[0010] Step 4: Calculate the channel loss generated by the 5G signal on each path, obtain the channel loss generated by each set signal transmitter when the 5G signal is transmitted to a certain point, and determine the maximum value of the generated channel loss, which is used as the channel loss of the point;

[0011] The point where the channel loss is minimum is the optimal position of the 5G antenna.

[0012] In step one, the sensors that receive 5G signals include temperature sensors, gas detection sensors, current sensors, voltage sensors, etc.

[0013] The above sensors are originally the receiving end of 5G signals, but because signal transmission is reversible and to avoid the problem of too many signal receiving ends to count, each sensor can be regarded as a signal transmitting end. In this case, the signal receiving end is the 5G base station antenna.

[0014] In step 2, the straight lines starting from the signal transmitter and ending at the signal receiver refer to the 5G signal being transmitted from the signal transmitter without being blocked by metal equipment in the substation and propagating along a straight line to the signal receiver. The schematic diagram of the propagation is shown in the figure below. Figure 1 shown.

[0015] Several broken lines starting from the signal transmitting end and ending at the signal receiving end are divided into two situations, namely: the signal is refracted to the channel receiving end after being transmitted and the signal is diffracted to the signal receiving end after being transmitted.

[0016] Because the signal will produce a large energy loss during reflection and diffraction, only the case of one diffraction or reflection is considered. Reflection refers to the change in the propagation direction of the 5G signal after it encounters metal equipment in the substation during propagation. The study of diffraction is relatively complicated. According to Huygens' principle, each point of the 5G signal can be regarded as the origin of the secondary wave. Then, a new signal is easily generated at the sharp edges of the metal equipment in the station and propagates in all directions. The schematic diagram of the reflection and diffraction of the 5G signal in the substation is shown below. Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown.

[0017] In step 3, the actual path of each polyline is determined, including:

[0018] (1) Figure 1 As shown in the figure, when the signal is transmitted directly, there is no other equipment blocking the signal transmission and reception ends, and the line connecting the two is the signal propagation path;

[0019] (2) Figure 2 As shown, when the signal is reflected, the incident angle α1 is equal to the reflection angle α2, based on which the transmission path can be determined;

[0020] (3) Figure 3 As shown, when the signal is diffracted, the angles β1 and β2 between the diffracted ray and the incident ray and the side where the diffraction point is located are equal, and the diffraction path can be determined based on this.

[0021] In step 4, the channel loss generated by the 5G channel on each path is calculated, and the process of accumulating the 5G signal vector received by the signal receiving end is as follows:

[0022] When the transmission power of the 5G signal transmitter channel path on a certain road in the substation is P1 and the receiving power is P2, the expression of the channel loss of this path is P S :

[0023]

[0024] When the 5G signal propagates in a straight line only within the line of sight, the signal power P2 received by the receiving antenna is:

[0025]

[0026] Where: G1 and G2 are the gains of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna respectively, d is the distance between the signal sending and receiving points, and λ is the signal wavelength.

[0027] If the signal transmitting and receiving antennas in the 5G substation are regarded as the same ideal antennas, the above formula can be simplified to:

[0028]

[0029] When 5G signals are reflected and diffracted during propagation, it is impossible to directly calculate the signal power received by the receiving antenna. However, since power is proportional to the square of the field strength, the corresponding power loss can be indirectly calculated through the change in field strength when the signal is reflected and diffracted.

[0030] At this time, the field strength generated by the direct 5G signal at a certain point d in the substation can be set as E0, and the field strength generated by the reflected or diffracted signal at the point d is E d , as shown below:

[0031]

[0032] Where F is the reflection coefficient, V is the diffraction coefficient, and L is Z is the direct path length, L d is the total length of the path where reflection or diffraction occurs, k1 and k2 represent whether reflection and diffraction occur, respectively, which is 1 if it occurs and 0 otherwise.

[0033] After determining the relationship between the field strength generated by the reflected signal and the diffraction signal and the direct field strength, the total field strength E at any point in the substation can be obtained. S :

[0034]

[0035] Where T is the total number of channel paths generated by each signal transmitter. Zi is the total length of the i-th channel path. Since the field strength is proportional to the square of the power, the channel loss caused by propagating the 5G signal from each assumed signal transmitter to point j can be determined based on the ratio of the transmit and receive powers during straight-line propagation in free space:

[0036]

[0037] The maximum value of the channel loss generated by each assumed signal transmitter transmitting the 5G signal at point j is used as the channel loss P generated by the received signal at that point. tj :

[0038] P tj =maxP sj (7)

[0039] Generate the minimum channel loss minP tj The corresponding point channel receiving point is the optimal location for 5G antenna layout in the substation.

[0040] The present invention provides a method for selecting the optimal location of a 5G antenna in a substation, and the technical effects are as follows:

[0041] 1) In step 1 of the method of the present invention: based on the reversibility of signal transmission, each sensor is regarded as a signal transmitting end and the 5G base station antenna is regarded as a signal receiving end. This solves the problem that the signal propagation loss cannot be calculated due to too many signal receiving ends.

[0042] 2) In step 2 of the method of the present invention: the complex 5G signal propagation path is divided into a set of straight lines or broken lines with the signal transmitting end as the starting point and the signal receiving end as the end point, thereby realizing the solution of the 5G signal propagation path loss in the substation.

[0043] 3) In step 4 of the method of the present invention: When there is reflection and diffraction in the 5G channel, the channel loss cannot be directly calculated based on the received power of the receiving antenna. Therefore, based on the relationship that power is proportional to the square of the field strength, the corresponding received power is indirectly calculated through the change in field strength when the signal is reflected and diffracted.

[0044] 4) The method of the present invention can determine the optimal position of the 5G antenna in the substation, so that the signal loss generated when the 5G signal is transmitted to each sensor is minimized, thereby improving the working stability of each monitoring sensor in the substation and ensuring the safe operation of the substation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The specific implementation of the invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0046] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the straight-line propagation of signals.

[0047] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of signal refraction propagation.

[0048] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the diffraction propagation of the signal.

[0049] Figure 4 This is the overall schematic diagram of the 5G signal propagation process in the substation;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial layout of the established substation model;

[0051] Figure 6 The distribution of wireless sensors in the substation and the location distribution map of the hypothetical signal transmitter;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the distribution of 5G signal loss at various locations within the substation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Taking a substation as an example, a Figure 5 The substation space model is shown in Figure 1. Six wireless sensors for transmitting monitoring data need to be arranged in the substation. The spatial position of each wireless sensor is as follows: Figure 6 As shown. The spatial coordinates of each wireless sensor are: sensor ① (-85, 182, 5), sensor ② (-38, 172, 4), sensor ③ (-46, 114, 5.5), sensor ④ (-68, 84, 4.5), sensor ⑤ (-81, 42, 4) and sensor ⑤ (-30, 32, 5). The six wireless sensors are assumed to be signal transmitters with a power of 100W and a frequency of 2.5GHz. The schematic diagram of the 5G channel of the signal transmitter in the substation is shown in Figure 4 As shown in the figure, according to the law of refraction and diffraction of 5G signals, the 5G channel path of each hypothetical signal transmitter is determined.

[0054] When the transmission power of the 5G signal transmitter channel path on a certain road in the substation is P1 and the receiving power is P2, the expression of the channel loss of this path is PS :

[0055]

[0056] When the 5G signal propagates in a straight line only within the line of sight, the signal power P2 received by the receiving antenna is:

[0057]

[0058] Where: G1 and G2 are the gains of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna respectively, d is the distance between the signal sending and receiving points, and λ is the signal wavelength.

[0059] If the signal transmitting and receiving antennas in the 5G substation are regarded as the same ideal antennas, the above formula can be simplified to:

[0060]

[0061] When 5G signals are reflected and diffracted during propagation, it is impossible to directly calculate the signal power received by the receiving antenna. However, since power is proportional to the square of the field strength, the corresponding power loss can be indirectly calculated through the change in field strength when the signal is reflected and diffracted.

[0062] At this time, the field strength generated by the direct 5G signal at a certain point d in the substation can be set as E0, and the field strength generated by the reflected or diffracted signal at the point d is E d , as shown below:

[0063]

[0064] Where F is the reflection coefficient, V is the diffraction coefficient, and L is Z is the direct path length, L d is the total length of the path where reflection or diffraction occurs, k1 and k2 represent whether reflection and diffraction occur, respectively, which is 1 if it occurs and 0 otherwise.

[0065] After determining the relationship between the field strength generated by the reflected signal and the diffraction signal and the direct field strength, the total field strength E at any point in the substation can be obtained. S :

[0066]

[0067] Where T is the total number of channel paths generated by each signal transmitter. Zi is the total length of the i-th channel path.

[0068] Since the field strength is proportional to the square of the power, the channel loss caused by propagating the 5G signal from each assumed signal transmitter to point j can be determined based on the ratio of the transmit and receive powers during straight-line propagation in free space:

[0069]

[0070] The maximum value of the channel loss generated by each assumed signal transmitter transmitting the 5G signal to point j is used as the channel loss P generated by the received signal at that point. tj :

[0071] P tj =maxP sj (7)

[0072] Generate the minimum channel loss minP tj The corresponding point channel receiving point is the optimal location for 5G antenna layout in the substation. The calculation results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown. The darker the color of a point, the greater the channel loss P at that point. tj The smaller the value, the lighter the color of a point, which means the channel loss P at this point. tj The larger the value, the smaller the channel loss. tj The corresponding point is the optimal location of the 5G antenna in the substation. After comparison and analysis, the point (-62.57,108.74,8) is the optimal location of the 5G antenna.

Claims

1. A method for selecting the optimal location of a 5G antenna in a substation, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1: Set each sensor that receives 5G signals in the substation as a signal transmitter, and set the 5G antenna as a signal receiver; Step 2: Equivalently convert the 5G channel in the substation into a set of straight lines or broken lines starting from the signal transmitter and ending at the signal receiver; Step 3: Determine the actual path of each 5G channel based on the spatial location of the 5G signal transceiver and each device in the substation; Step 4: Calculate the channel loss generated by the 5G signal on each path, obtain the channel loss generated by each set signal transmitter when the 5G signal is transmitted to a certain point, and determine the maximum value of the generated channel loss, which is used as the channel loss of the point; The point where the channel loss is minimum is the optimal position of the 5G antenna. In step 4, the channel loss generated by the 5G channel on each path is calculated, and the process of accumulating the 5G signal vector received by the signal receiving end is as follows: When the transmission power of the 5G signal transmitter channel path on a certain road in the substation is P1 and the receiving power is P2, the expression of the channel loss of this path is P S : When the 5G signal propagates in a straight line only within the line of sight, the signal power P2 received by the receiving antenna is: Where: G1 and G2 are the gains of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna respectively, d is the distance between the signal sending and receiving points, and λ is the signal wavelength; If the signal transmitting and receiving antennas in the 5G substation are regarded as the same ideal antennas, the above formula can be simplified to: When 5G signals are reflected and diffracted during propagation, the power is proportional to the square of the field strength. The corresponding power loss can be indirectly calculated through the change in field strength when the signal is reflected and diffracted. At this time, suppose the field strength generated by the direct 5G signal at a certain point d in the substation is E0, and the field strength generated by the reflected or diffracted signal at this point d is E d , as shown below: Where F is the reflection coefficient, V is the diffraction coefficient, and L is Z is the direct path length, L d is the total length of the path where reflection or diffraction occurs, k1 and k2 represent whether reflection and diffraction occur, respectively, with occurrence being 1 and otherwise 0; After determining the relationship between the field strength generated by the reflected signal and the diffraction signal and the direct field strength, the total field strength E at any point in the substation can be obtained. S : Where T is the total number of channel paths generated by each signal transmitter; L di is the total length of the i-th channel path; Since the field strength is proportional to the square of the power, the channel loss caused by propagating the 5G signal from each assumed signal transmitter to point j can be determined based on the ratio of the transmit and receive powers during straight-line propagation in free space: The maximum value of the channel loss generated by each assumed signal transmitter transmitting the 5G signal at point j is used as the channel loss P generated by the received signal at that point. tj : P tj =maxP sj (7); Generate the minimum channel loss minP tj The corresponding point channel receiving point is the optimal location for 5G antenna layout in the substation.

2. A method for selecting the optimal location of a 5G antenna in a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the plurality of straight lines starting from the signal transmitting end and ending at the signal receiving end refer to the 5G signal being transmitted from the signal transmitting end without being blocked by metal equipment in the substation and propagating along the straight line to the signal receiving end; There are two cases for the broken lines starting from the signal transmitting end and ending at the signal receiving end, namely: the signal is refracted to the channel receiving end after being transmitted and the signal is diffracted to the signal receiving end after being transmitted.

3. A method for selecting the optimal location of a 5G antenna in a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3 specifies the actual path of each broken line, including: ① When the signal is transmitted directly, there is no other equipment blocking the signal transmission and reception ends, and the line connecting the two is the signal transmission path; ②When the signal is reflected, the incident angle α1 is equal to the reflection angle α2, based on which the transmission path can be determined; ③When the signal is diffracted, the angles β1 and β2 between the diffracted ray and the incident ray and the side where the diffraction point is located are equal, and the diffraction path can be determined based on this.

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