System and method for measuring high voltage battery packs

Abstract

The present disclosure provides systems and methods of measuring high voltage battery packs. An apparatus includes a first analog-to-digital converter configured to measure a first reference voltage and a third reference voltage. The apparatus also includes a second analog-to-digital converter configured to measure a second reference voltage and a fourth reference voltage. The apparatus also includes a controller configured to calculate a first resistance ratio and determine, based at least in part on the first resistance ratio, a positive high voltage associated with a positive high voltage direct current input signal. The controller is also configured to calculate a second resistance ratio and determine, based at least in part on the second resistance ratio, a negative high voltage associated with a negative high voltage direct current input signal.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to vehicle battery packs, and in particular, to systems and methods for measuring high voltage battery packs. BACKGROUND

[0002] Vehicles, such as cars, trucks, sport utility vehicles, off-road vehicles, vans, or other suitable vehicles, increasingly include one or more battery packs configured to assist in vehicle propulsion and / or other aspects of vehicle operation. For example, high energy prices and growing concerns over carbon emissions have motivated vehicle manufacturers to develop electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Lithium-ion battery packs are a key component of such vehicles.

[0003] Typically, such vehicles include a high voltage battery pack to provide power to a plurality of high voltage powertrain subsystems, such as a traction inverter and motor control system for driving a three-phase traction motor (e.g., by converting high voltage direct current (DC) battery to multi-phase alternating current (AC) signals), an on-board charger (e.g., by converting AC line voltage to DC to charge the high voltage DC battery), a battery management system (e.g., to monitor, control, and protect charging and discharging of the high voltage DC battery), etc. Accordingly, accurate knowledge of the high voltage battery pack is necessary for safe operation of the high voltage battery pack (e.g., to achieve maximum energy output over the longest possible life). SUMMARY

[0004] The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for measuring high voltage battery packs.

[0005] One aspect of the disclosed implementations includes a method of measuring voltage of a high voltage battery pack. The method includes the steps of, during one of a system power up period and a system wake up period: i) generating, for an electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery pack: a first reference voltage associated with a positive high voltage direct current input signal and a second reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal, and a third reference voltage associated with a negative high voltage direct current input signal and a fourth reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal; ii) measuring the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage for a predetermined number of iterations; iii) measuring the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage for the predetermined number of iterations; iv) calculating, for the electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery pack, a first resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations for the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage; and v) calculating, for the electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery, a second resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations for the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage. The method further includes, after the one of the system power up period and the system wake up period: i) determining, based at least in part on the first resistance ratio, a positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal; and ii) determining, based at least in part on the second resistance ratio, a negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal.

[0006] Another aspect of the disclosed implementations includes a system to measure voltage of a high voltage battery pack. The system includes a first integrated circuit configured to receive a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage associated with a positive high voltage direct current input signal. The system also includes a second integrated circuit configured to receive a third reference voltage and a fourth reference voltage associated with a negative high voltage direct current input signal. The system further includes a first analog-to-digital converter in communication with the first integrated circuit, the first analog-to-digital converter configured to measure the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage for a predetermined number of iterations during one of a system power up period and a system wake period. The system also includes a second analog-to-digital converter in communication with the second integrated circuit, the second analog-to-digital converter configured to measure the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage for the predetermined number of iterations during the one of the system power up period and the system wake period. The system further includes a controller configured to calculate a first resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations of the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage; and determine a positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal based at least in part on the first resistance ratio after the one of the system power up period and the system wake period. The controller is also configured to calculate a second resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations of the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage; and determine a negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal based at least in part on the second resistance ratio after the one of the system power up period and the system wake period.

[0007] Another aspect of the disclosed implementations includes an apparatus for measuring voltage of a high voltage battery pack. The apparatus includes a first analog-to-digital converter configured to measure, with a predetermined number of iterations, a first reference voltage associated with a positive high voltage direct current input signal and a third reference voltage associated with a negative high voltage direct current input signal. The apparatus also includes a second analog-to-digital converter configured to measure, with the predetermined number of iterations, a second reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal and a fourth reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal. The apparatus also includes a controller configured to: calculate a first resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations of the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage; and determine, based at least in part on the first resistance ratio, a positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal; calculate a second resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations of the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage; and determine, based at least in part on the second resistance ratio, a negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal.

[0008] These and other aspects of the present disclosure are provided in the detailed description of embodiments below, the appended claims, and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0009] The present disclosure is best understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is emphasized that, according to common practice, the various features of the drawings are not to scale. On the contrary, the dimensions of the various features are arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity.

[0010] Figure 1 A vehicle according to principles of the present disclosure is generally illustrated.

[0011] Figure 2 A controller according to principles of the present disclosure is generally illustrated.

[0012] Figure 3A And Figure 3B A system for measuring voltage of a high voltage battery pack according to the prior art is generally illustrated.

[0013] Figures 4A to 4C A system for measuring voltage of a high voltage battery pack according to principles of the present disclosure is generally illustrated, in Figure 4C in which,

[0014] HVDC + = [V HS (1 + R x2 / R x1 ) - V op ]. R x1 / Rx2

[0015] HVDC + = [V HS (1 + R x4 / R x3 )- V om ]. R x3 / R x4 ,

[0016] AHVDC = HVDC p -HVDC m ,

[0017] V op = V HS (1 + R x2 / R x1 )- HVDC p . R x2 / R x1 and

[0018] V op = V HS (1 + R x2 / R x1 )- HVDC p . R x2 / R x1 .

[0019] Figure 5 is a flowchart generally illustrating a method of measuring high voltage battery pack voltage in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following discussion relates to various embodiments of the present disclosure. While one or more of these embodiments can be preferred, the disclosed embodiments should not be construed as or otherwise used as limiting the scope of the present disclosure, including the claims. Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the description herein is not limited in application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth herein, as the same can be capable of use in other embodiments and applications. Moreover, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing the particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0021] As noted above, vehicles such as passenger cars, trucks, sport utility vehicles, off-road vehicles, minivans, or other suitable vehicles are increasingly including one or more battery packs configured to assist in vehicle propulsion and / or other aspects of vehicle operation. For example, high energy prices and growing concerns over carbon emissions have motivated vehicle manufacturers to devote efforts to the development of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Lithium-ion battery packs are a key component of such vehicles.

[0022] Typically, such vehicles include a high-voltage battery pack to provide power to a plurality of high-voltage powertrain subsystems, such as a traction inverter and motor control system for driving a three-phase traction motor (e.g., by converting high-voltage direct current (DC) battery to multi-phase alternating current (AC) signals), an on-board charger (e.g., by converting AC line voltage to DC to charge the high-voltage DC battery), a battery management system (e.g., to monitor, control, and protect charging and discharging of the high-voltage DC battery), etc. Thus, an accurate understanding of the high-voltage battery pack is necessary for safe operation of the high-voltage battery pack (e.g., to achieve maximum energy output over the longest possible lifetime).

[0023] A typical solution for providing for measuring a high-voltage battery pack voltage is generally illustrated in Figure 3A and Figure 3B In Figure 3A , a positive high-voltage DC terminal (e.g., which can be referred to herein as a positive high-voltage DC input signal) HVDC+ and a negative high-voltage DC terminal (e.g., which can be referred to herein as a negative high-voltage DC input signal) HVDC- are terminals of a high-voltage battery pack. The voltage difference between the HVDC+ and HVDC- terminals can be relatively high (e.g., 1000 volts or other suitable value).

[0024] Typically, to measure the voltage of the high-voltage battery pack, two sets of high-voltage matched precision resistors Rx1-Rx2 and Rx3-Rx4 are used in respective high-voltage voltage dividers (e.g., high-voltage voltage divider 1 and high-voltage voltage divider 2). Such resistors must remain stable over the entire lifetime of the typical battery voltage measurement system. Attenuated versions of the HVDC+ and HVDC- signals are first voltage buffered before being fed to a differential-to-single-ended conversion circuit, the output voltage of which is provided to a microprocessor unit.

[0025] The output voltages Vop and Vom represent the positive and negative to body voltages, respectively. The output voltage Vout represents the difference between the battery terminal voltages. In such systems, the stability (e.g., having negligible voltage coefficients, temperature coefficients, value drifts due to aging, and sensitivity to mechanical stresses affecting the resistance values) and matching accuracy of the two resistors are critical for accurate voltage measurement of the battery pack voltage. However, well-matched and stable high-voltage resistors and two analog buffer circuits represent a significant cost of such high-voltage measurement systems.

[0026] Another typical solution for measuring a high-voltage battery pack circuit is generally illustrated in Figure 3BHVDC+ and HVDC- battery terminal voltages, for example, are first attenuated by a precision attenuator circuit with an output provided as input to a precision high voltage signal isolator block. The differential output Vop and Vom of the high voltage signal isolator is converted to a single output Vout using a precision differential to single ended converter circuit. In addition to the need for a precision attenuator and a precision differential to single ended converter circuit (e.g., or multiple circuits), such a system can also require a relatively high cost precision high voltage voltage isolator block. Long term performance stability of all of these circuit blocks is necessary for accurate measurement of high voltage battery voltages (e.g., including individual terminal voltages of a battery pack) over the entire operating life of the system, which translates to a higher overall system cost.

[0027] Accurate measurement of battery pack voltages can only be guaranteed if the measurement process is not affected by drift or offset of components, which typically occurs to some extent, environmental effects, and aging of parts (e.g., measurement circuitry).

[0028] Accordingly, it can be desirable to provide systems and methods for accurate measurement of high voltage battery packs, such as those described herein. In some embodiments, the systems and methods described herein can be configured to provide high voltage measurements that are relatively highly resistant to the disadvantages of measurement inaccuracies / errors of the prior art.

[0029] In some embodiments, and as generally illustrated in Figures 4A to 4C As generally illustrated in

[0030] The systems and methods described herein can be configured to provide a measurement step to measure the high voltage battery pack terminal voltages using the information generated during the calibration step (e.g., the determined resistance ratios). The systems and methods described herein can be configured to provide accurate measurements of the high voltage battery pack terminal voltages with measurement values that are not corrupted by any possible part value instability due to environmental effects, drift, and / or aging.

[0031] In some implementations, the systems and methods described herein can be configured to measure a voltage of a high voltage battery pack. The high voltage battery pack can be associated with operation of a vehicle, such as vehicle propulsion, among others. Alternatively, the high voltage battery pack can be associated with any suitable application other than vehicle operation. The systems and methods described herein can be configured to include a first integrated circuit configured to receive a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage associated with a positive high voltage direct current input signal. The systems and methods described herein can be configured to include a second integrated circuit configured to receive a third reference voltage and a fourth reference voltage associated with a negative high voltage direct current input signal.

[0032] The systems and methods described herein can be configured to include a first analog-to-digital converter in communication with the first integrated circuit. The first analog-to-digital converter can be configured to measure the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage for a predetermined number of iterations during one of a system power up period and a system wake up period. The predetermined number of iterations can include 4 iterations or any suitable number of iterations. Measuring the first reference voltage for the predetermined number of iterations can include closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the first reference voltage. Measuring the third reference voltage for the predetermined number of iterations can include closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the third reference voltage.

[0033] The systems and methods described herein can be configured to include a second analog-to-digital converter in communication with the second integrated circuit. The second analog-to-digital converter can be configured to measure the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage for a predetermined number of iterations during one of a system power up period and a system wake up period. Measuring the second reference voltage for the predetermined number of iterations can include closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the second reference voltage. Measuring the fourth reference voltage for the predetermined number of iterations can include closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the fourth reference voltage.

[0034] In some implementations, the controller can be configured to calculate a first resistance ratio based at least in part on the voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations for the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage. The first resistance ratio can include a ratio of a resistance of the first integrated circuit to an external resistance of the first integrated circuit.

[0035] After the one of the system power-up period and the system wake-up period, the controller can determine the positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal based at least in part on the first resistance ratio. Determining the positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal can include closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal.

[0036] In some embodiments, the controller can be further configured to calculate the second resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements of each of a predetermined number of iterations of the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage. The second resistance ratio includes a ratio of a resistance of the second integrated circuit to an external resistance of the second integrated circuit.

[0037] After the one of the system power-up period and the system wake-up period, the controller can determine the negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal based at least in part on the second resistance ratio. Determining the negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal can include closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal.

[0038] Figure 1 A vehicle 10 according to principles of the present disclosure is generally illustrated. The vehicle 10 can include any suitable vehicle, such as a car, a truck, a sport utility vehicle, a van, an off-road vehicle, any other passenger vehicle, any suitable commercial vehicle, or any other suitable vehicle. Although the vehicle 10 is illustrated as a passenger vehicle having wheels and for use on a road, principles of the present disclosure can be applied to other vehicles, such as an airplane, a boat, a train, a drone, or other suitable vehicles. The vehicle 10 includes a vehicle body 12 and an engine hood 14. A portion of the vehicle body 12 defines a passenger cabin 18. Another portion of the vehicle body 12 defines an engine compartment 20. The engine hood 14 can be movably connected to a portion of the vehicle body 12 such that the engine hood 14 provides access to the engine compartment 20 when the engine hood 14 is in a first or open position and the engine hood 14 covers the engine compartment 20 when the engine hood 14 is in a second or closed position.

[0039] The passenger cabin 18 is disposed rearward of the engine compartment 20. The vehicle 10 can include any suitable propulsion system, including an internal combustion engine; one or more motors (e.g., an electric vehicle); one or more fuel cells; a hybrid propulsion system (e.g., a hybrid vehicle) including a combination of an internal combustion engine, one or more motors, and / or any other suitable propulsion system. In some embodiments, the vehicle 10 can include a gasoline or gasoline-fueled engine, such as a spark-ignition engine. In some embodiments, the vehicle 10 can include a diesel-fueled engine, such as a compression-ignition engine. The engine compartment 20 houses and / or encloses at least some components of the propulsion system of the vehicle 10. Additionally or alternatively, propulsion controls such as an accelerator actuator (e.g., an accelerator pedal), a brake actuator (e.g., a brake pedal), a steering wheel, and other such components are disposed in the passenger cabin 18 of the vehicle 10. The propulsion controls can be actuated or controlled by a driver of the vehicle 10 and can be directly connected to respective components of the propulsion system, such as a throttle, a brake, an axle, a vehicle transmission, etc., respectively. In some embodiments, the propulsion controls can transmit signals to a vehicle computer (e.g., driven by wires), which in turn can control respective propulsion components of the propulsion system.

[0040] In some embodiments, the vehicle 10 includes a transmission in communication with the crankshaft via a flywheel or clutch or fluid coupling. In some embodiments, the transmission includes a manual transmission. In some embodiments, the transmission includes an automatic transmission. In the case of an internal combustion engine or hybrid vehicle, the vehicle 1010 can include one or more pistons that operate in cooperation with the crankshaft to generate a force that is transmitted through the transmission to one or more axles that cause the wheels 22 to turn. When the vehicle 10 includes one or more motors, a vehicle battery and / or fuel cell provides energy to the motor(s) to turn the wheels 22. In the case where the vehicle 10 includes a vehicle battery to provide energy to the one or more motors, when the battery is depleted, it can be connected to an electrical grid (e.g., using a wall outlet) to recharge the battery cells. Additionally or alternatively, the vehicle 10 can employ regenerative braking that uses the one or more motors of the vehicle 10 as generators to convert kinetic energy lost due to deceleration back into stored energy in the battery.

[0041] The vehicle 10 can include an automated vehicle propulsion system, such as a cruise control, an adaptive cruise control, an automatic brake control, other automated vehicle propulsion systems, or combinations thereof. The vehicle 10 can be an autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle, or other suitable type of vehicle. The vehicle 10 can include more or different features than those exemplified and / or disclosed herein generally.

[0042] In some embodiments, the vehicle 10 can include a controller, such as the controller 100, as Figure 2A controller 100 is generally shown. The controller 100 can include any suitable controller, such as an electronic control unit or other suitable controller. The controller 100 can be configured to control various functions of, for example, a steering system and / or various functions of the vehicle 10. The controller 100 can include a processor 102 and a memory 104. The processor 102 can include any suitable processor, such as those described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the controller 100 can include any suitable number of processors in addition to the processor 102. The memory 104 can include a single disk or multiple disks (e.g., hard drives) and include a storage management module that manages one or more partitions within the memory 104. In some embodiments, the memory 104 can include flash memory, semiconductor (solid state) memory, or the like. The memory 104 can include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), or a combination thereof. The memory 104 can include instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, cause the processor 102 to control at least various aspects of the vehicle 10.

[0043] In some embodiments, the controller 100 can be configured to measure a high voltage battery pack terminal voltage of a high voltage battery pack. The high voltage battery pack can include any suitable battery pack. The high voltage battery pack can be configured to provide power to one or more components of the vehicle 10, such as one or more propulsion components or other suitable components. Additionally or alternatively, the high voltage battery pack can also be associated with any suitable application external to the vehicle 10.

[0044] As Figures 4A to 4C illustrated, a system for measuring a high voltage battery pack includes a first integrated circuit 402 and a second integrated circuit 404. The first integrated circuit 402 and the second integrated circuit 404 can include any suitable circuit or electronic component, such as those described herein.

[0045] The first integrated circuit 402 can receive an HVDC+ signal, a first reference voltage (V M1 ), a second reference voltage (V M2 ), and a relatively low voltage signal (V HS ) (e.g., half of the HVDC+ signal or other suitable voltage). The second integrated circuit 404 can receive an HVDC- signal, a third reference voltage (V M3 ), a fourth reference voltage (V M4 ), and a relatively voltage signal (V HS) (e.g., half of HVDC-). The first reference voltage, the second reference voltage, the third reference voltage, the relatively low voltage signal associated with the first integrated circuit 402, and the relatively low voltage signal associated with the second integrated circuit 404 can be generated using any suitable technique and can correspond to any suitable power source including, but not limited to, a high-voltage battery pack.

[0046] The controller 100 may perform a calibration step. For example, the first analog-to-digital converter (ADC1) may measure V M1 and V M2 , and the second analog-to-digital converter (ADC2) can measure V M3 and V M4 This is done by closing switch Φ2 and opening switch Φ1. To measure V M1 and V M3 , close the switch Φ x and switch Φ2, and the remaining switches remain open. To measure V M2 and V M4 , close the switch Φ y and switch Φ2, and the remaining switches remain open. It should be understood that the precise absolute value and stability of the generated reference voltage have no impact on the accuracy of the high voltage battery pack measurement results.

[0047] In some embodiments, the switch Φ x When switch Φ2 is closed and the other switches are open, ADC1 and ADC2 make four consecutive measurements. The equation describing these measurements can be described as:

[0048] V op1 =V M1 .(1+R x2 / R x1 )-HVDC+1.R x2 / R x1

[0049] V op2 =V M1 .(1+R x2 / R x1 )-HVDC+2.R x2 / R x1

[0050] V om1 =V M3 .(1+R x4 / R x3 )–HVDC-1.R x4 / R x3

[0051] V om2 =VM3 (1 + R x4 / R x3 ) - HVDC-2.R x4 / R x3

[0052] In some embodiments, four more consecutive measurements are taken by ADC1 and ADC2 while switch Φ y and switch Φ1 are closed and the rest of the switches are open. The equations describing these measurements can be described as:

[0053] V op3 = V M2 .(1 + R x2 / R x1 ) - HVDC+3.R x2 / R x1

[0054] V op4 = V M2 .(1 + R x2 / R x1 ) - HVDC+4.R x2 / R x1

[0055] V om3 = V M4 .(1 + R x4 / R x3 ) - HVDC-3.Rx4 / Rx3

[0056] V om4 = V M4 .(1 + R x4 / R x3 ) - HVDC-4.R x4 / R x3

[0057] The digital signal processing unit calculates the following equations (V outp1 , V outp2 and ΔV outp1 ) and the code for ΔV outp1 is stored in memory, such as memory 104, for subsequent calculations:

[0058] V outp1 = (V op1 - V op3 ) = (1 + R x2 / R x1 )(V M1 - V M2 ) - (HVDC + 1-HVDC + 3).R x2 / Rx1

[0059] V outp2 =(V op4 –V op2 )=(1+R x2 / R x1 )(V M2 –V M1 )–(HVDC + 4-HVDC + 2).R x2 / R x1

[0060] ΔV outp1 =(V outp1 –V outp2 ) / 2=(1+R x2 / R x1 )(V M1 –V M2 )–[(HVDC + 1-HVDC + 2-HVDC + 3+HVDC + 4) / 2].R x2 / R x1

[0061] The above process is repeated for an additional 4 subsequent signal samples and the subsequent expressions are further calculated and used for ΔV outp2 The code is also stored.

[0062] V outp3 =(Vop5–Vop7)=(1+R x2 / R x1 )(V M1 –V M2 )–(HVDC + 5-HVDC + 7).R x2 / R x1

[0063] V outp4 =(Vop8–Vop6)=(1+R x2 / R x1 )(V M2 –V M1 )–(HVDC + 8-HVDC + 6).R x2 / R x1

[0064] ΔV outp2 =(V outp3 –V outp4) / 2 = (1 + R x2 / R x1 )(V M1 – V M2 ) – [(HVDC + 5-HVDC + 6-HVDC + 7 + HVDC + 8) / 2].R x2 / R x1

[0065] After the additional 4 signal samples, the following expressions are also computed and stored in memory:

[0066] AV outp3 = (V outp5 – V outp6 ) / 2 = (1 + R x2 / R x1 )(V M1 – V M2 ) – [(HVDC + 9-HVDC + 10 -HVDC + 11 +HVDC + 12 ) / 2].R x2 / R x1

[0067] Depending on the noise properties / statistics on the signal HVDC + 1 to HVDC + n A number of sampled signal groups can be determined (e.g., by a user of system 400) such that the following expressions become accurate or substantially accurate, depending on the noise properties / statistics on the signal HVDC

[0068] HVDC + 1-HVDC + 2-HVDC + 3 + HVDC + 4 + HVDC + 5-HVDC + 6-HVDC + 7 + HVDC + 8 + HVDC + 9-HVDC + 10 -HVDC + 11 +HVDC + 12 +.........+HVDC + 29 -HVDC+ 30 -HVDC + 31 +HVDC + 32 +....................HVDC - 125 -HVDC + 126 -HVDC+HVDC + 128 ~0

[0069] In this example, 128 (4 x 32) samples are used, but it should be appreciated that any suitable number of iterative samples can be used, with each set of samples including 4 iterative measurements (e.g., which can allow the number of samples to be greater than or less than described herein).

[0070] In some implementations, the controller 100 (e.g., which can be referred to herein as a digital signal processing unit) can calculate the following output expression:

[0071] AV outp = (AV outp1 + AV outp2 + AV outp3 ... AV outp32 ) / 32

[0072] It should be noted that other sequences of signs of the sampled signal can also be used (e.g., or other sequences of signs, as long as the sampling includes two plus signs and two minus signs appearing in every four samples summed), as follows:

[0073] HVDC + 1-HVDC + 2+HVDC + 3-HVDC + 4+HVDC + 5-HVDC + 6+HVDC + 7-HVDC + 8+HVDC + 9-HVDC + 10 +HVDC + 11 -HVDC + 12 +.........+HVDC + 29 -HVDC + 30 +HVDC + 31 -HVDC+ 32 +...................HVDC + 125 -HVDC + 126 +HVDC + 127 -HVDC + 128 ~0

[0074] Assume that ADC1 processes the signal V op1 to V opN and signal V om1 to V omN (where N=1...32) and the processing time of the controller 100 for the corresponding signal is shorter than the signal HVDC + 1 to HVDC + 132 If the processing time of the change is much shorter, the following formula becomes accurate or almost accurate:

[0075] HVDC + 1-HVDC + 2-HVDC + 3+HVDC + 4+............+HVDC + 125 -HVDC + 126 -HVDC + 127 +HVDC + 128 = 0, and therefore

[0076] R x2 / R x1 =0.5*ΔV outp / (V M1 –V M2 )

[0077] Similarly,

[0078] V outm1 =(Vom1–Vom3)=(1+R x4 / R x3 )(V M3 –V M4 )–(HVDC - 1–HVDC - 3).R x4 / R x3

[0079] V outm2 =(Vom4–Vom2)=(1+Rx4 / R x3 )(V M4 –V M3 )–(HVDC - 4–HVDC - 2).R x4 / R x3

[0080] ΔV outm1 =(V outm1 –V outm2 ) / 2=(1+R x4 / R x3 )(V M3 –V M4 )–[(HVDC - 1–HVDC - 2–HVDC - 3+HVDC - 4) / 2].R x4 / R x3

[0081] V outm3 =(Vom5–Vom7)=(1+R x4 / R x3 )(V M3 –V M4 )–(HVDC - 5–HVDC - 7).R x4 / R x3

[0082] V outm4 =(Vom8–Vom6)=(1+R x4 / R x3 )(V M4 –V M3 )–(HVDC - 8–HVDC - 6).R x4 / R x3

[0083] ΔV outm2 =(V outm3 –V outm4 ) / 2=(1+R x4 / R x3 )(V M3 –V M4 )–[(HVDC - 5–HVDC - 6–HVDC - 7+HVDC - 8) / 2].R x4 / Rx3

[0084] After the measurement of the next 4 signal samples, the following expression is calculated and stored in memory for further use:

[0085] AV outm3 = (V outm5 – V outm6 ) / 2 = (1 + R x4 / R x3 )(V M3 – V M4 ) - [(HVDC - 9 – HVDC - 10 – HVDC - 11 + HVDC - 12 ) / 2]. R x4 / R x3

[0086] The controller 100 can calculate the following output expression:

[0087] AV outm = (AV outm1 + AV outm2 + AV outm3 ... AV outm32 ) / 32

[0088] Similarly,

[0089] HVDC - 1 – HVDC - 2 – HVDC - 3 + HVDC - 4 + HVDC - 5 – HVDC - 6 – HVDC - 7 + HVDC - 8 + HVDC - 9 – HVDC - 10 – HVDC - 11 – HVDC - 12 +.........+ HVDC - 29 – HVDC - 30 – HVDC - 31 + HVDC - 32 +....................HVDC- 125 -HVDC - 126 –HVDC - 127 +HVDC - 128 ~0

[0090] Controller 100 can then calculate:

[0091] R x4 / R x3 = 0.5 * AV outm / (V M3 -V M4 )

[0092] When the values of the resistors are determined such that the ratio of Rx1 / Rx2 and Rx3 / Rx4 is relatively large (e.g., greater than 50 or other suitable value), controller 100 can amplify the signals V op1 to V opN and V om1 to V omN to maintain high signal processing accuracy.

[0093] As generally illustrated in Figure 4B , the expression for the resistance ratio including the gain of the corresponding amplifier, “a”, is:

[0094] R x2 / R x1 = 0.5 * AV outp / [a.(V M1 -V M2 )]

[0095] R x4 / R x3 = 0.5 * AV outm / [a.(V M3 -V M4 )]

[0096] It should be noted that system 400 to measure high voltage battery pack voltage will be integrated into an integrated circuit device, which can include one of a plurality of integrated circuits manufactured simultaneously in a batch process.

[0097] In some implementations, resistors R x2 and R x4 may remain on the first integrated circuit 402, and individual integrated circuits can be used in unique systems with their own specific values for external R x1 and R x2 resistors. “V M1 -V M2 ”, “VM3 -V M4 The " and "α" terms introduce an error gain term that allows the elimination of R x2 / R x1 and R x4 / R x3 For "V M1 -V M2 ”, “V M3 -V M4 ” and “α” terms. This is achieved during integrated circuit testing.

[0098] During IC testing, this gain error term is measured and stored in memory for use when performing measurements on high voltage battery packs. The gain error term can be measured during IC testing to use an external R connected during IC testing. x1 and R x2 The exact known value of R is determined and stored x2 and R x4 Furthermore, using the measured resistance ratios, normalized values ​​of the resistance ratios are calculated and stored in the respective integrated circuits to account for and / or correct for gain error terms.

[0099] When the first integrated circuit 402 is combined with a specific R x1 and R x2 When used with resistor values ​​(for example, with the range value of the external resistor, R x1 and R x2 The calibration step may be performed during a system power-up period (e.g., or upon command) to carefully account for the limited voltage dynamic range of the first integrated circuit 402. The calibration step uses the stored normalized resistance ratios from the memory to account for the gain error term to subsequently calculate R which is completely independent of any lumped value of the gain error term. x2 / R x1 and R x4 / R x3 This allows for accurate determination of the term α.(V M1 –V M2 ) and α.(V M3 –V M4 ) (eg, due to consideration of corresponding errors of each of the first integrated circuit 402 and the second integrated circuit 404), for R x2 / R x1 and R x4 / R x3 The above calculation of the values ​​now does not have any gain error.

[0100] After the calibration step is completed, the controller 100 uses the calculated resistance ratios to perform a step for measuring the high-voltage battery pack voltage (e.g., which can result in accurate measurements of the high-voltage battery pack terminal voltage throughout the lifetime of the system 400).

[0101] As Figure 4C illustrated generally in the middle, the system 400 can be configured such that V op and V om are directly connected to the inputs of ADC1 and ADC2 to perform the battery voltage measurements. The controller 100 can implement the measurement configuration by closing switches Φ Z and Φ1 (e.g., as Figure 4A illustrated), and leaving the other switches in an open state. During the measurement step, V op and V om are expressed as:

[0102] V op = V HS (1 + R x2 / R x1 )- HVDC p .R x2 / R x1

[0103] V om = V HS (1 + R x4 / R x3 )- HVDC m .R x4 / R x3

[0104] Assuming that V HS is already a known quantity and / or a quantity that is measured with high accuracy, the first term in the equation for V op and V om is subtracted. After rearranging the resulting equation, the following equation is then obtained:

[0105] HVDC p = [-V op ].R x1 / R x2

[0106] HVDC m = [-V om ].R x3 / R x4

[0107] This illustrates that V op and V omThe digital codes output by ADC1 and ADC2, and these codes are further sent to the controller 100, which has previously calculated the resistance ratio R x1 / R x2 and R x3 / R x4 to further calculate HVDC p and HVDC m and the difference of the high voltage battery pack terminal voltage values.

[0108] AHVDC = HVDC p - HVDC m = V om .R x3 / R x4 -V op .R x1 / R x2

[0109] In some embodiments, the system 400 can perform the methods described herein. However, the methods described herein as performed by the system 400 are not meant to be limiting, and any type of software executing on a controller or processor can perform the methods described herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, a controller such as a processor executing software within a computing device can perform the methods described herein.

[0110] Figure 5 is a flowchart generally illustrating a method 500 of measuring a high voltage battery pack voltage in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. At 502, the method 500 during one of a system power-up period and a system wake-up period: generates, for an electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery pack: a first reference voltage associated with a positive high voltage direct current input signal and a second reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal, and a third reference voltage associated with a negative high voltage direct current input signal and a fourth reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal.

[0111] At 504, the method 500 during the one of the system power-up period and the system wake-up period, measures the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage in a predetermined number of iterations. The method 500 also measures the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage in the predetermined number of iterations.

[0112] At 506, during the one of the system power-up period and the system wake-up period, the method 500 calculates, for the electronic circuit associated with the high-voltage battery pack, a first resistance ratio based at least in part on the voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations of the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage. The method 500 also calculates, for the electronic circuit associated with the high-voltage battery, a second resistance ratio based at least in part on the voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations of the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage.

[0113] At 508, after the one of the system power-up period and the system wake-up period, the method 500 determines, based at least in part on the first resistance ratio, a positive high voltage associated with the positive high-voltage direct current input signal. The method 500 also determines, based at least in part on the second resistance ratio, a negative high voltage associated with the negative high-voltage direct current input signal.

[0114] Clause 1. A method of measuring a voltage of a high-voltage battery pack, the method comprising the steps of: during one of a system power-up period and a system wake-up period: generating, for an electronic circuit associated with the high-voltage battery pack: a first reference voltage associated with a positive high-voltage direct current input signal, a second reference voltage associated with the positive high-voltage direct current input signal, a third reference voltage associated with a negative high-voltage direct current input signal, and a fourth reference voltage associated with the negative high-voltage direct current input signal; measuring the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage in a predetermined number of iterations; measuring the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage in the predetermined number of iterations; calculating, for the electronic circuit associated with the high-voltage battery pack, a first resistance ratio based at least in part on the voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations of the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage; and calculating, for the electronic circuit associated with the high-voltage battery, a second resistance ratio based at least in part on the voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations of the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage; and after the one of the system power-up period and the system wake-up period: determining, based at least in part on the first resistance ratio, a positive high voltage associated with the positive high-voltage direct current input signal; and determining, based at least in part on the second resistance ratio, a negative high voltage associated with the negative high-voltage direct current input signal.

[0115] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein: measuring the first reference voltage in the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high-voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the first reference voltage; and measuring the third reference voltage in the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high-voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the third reference voltage.

[0116] Clause 3. The method of clause 1, wherein: measuring the second reference voltage for the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to the second reference voltage; and measuring the fourth reference voltage for the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to the fourth reference voltage.

[0117] Clause 4. The method of clause 1, wherein the first resistance ratio comprises a ratio of a resistance of a first integrated circuit of the electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery pack to an external resistance of the first integrated circuit.

[0118] Clause 5. The method of clause 1, wherein the second resistance ratio comprises a ratio of a resistance of a second integrated circuit of the electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery pack to an external resistance of the second integrated circuit.

[0119] Clause 6. The method of clause 1, wherein: determining the positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal; and determining the negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal.

[0120] Clause 7. The method of clause 1, wherein the predetermined number of iterations comprises 4 iterations.

[0121] Clause 8. The method of clause 1, wherein the high voltage battery pack is associated with a vehicle.

[0122] Clause 9. A system to measure voltage of a high voltage battery pack, the system comprising: a first integrated circuit configured to receive a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage associated with a positive high voltage direct current input signal; and a second integrated circuit configured to receive a third reference voltage and a fourth reference voltage associated with a negative high voltage direct current input signal; a first analog-to-digital converter in communication with the first integrated circuit, the first analog-to-digital converter configured to measure the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage in a predetermined number of iterations during one of a system power up period and a system wake period; and a second analog-to-digital converter in communication with the second integrated circuit, the second analog-to-digital converter configured to measure the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage in the predetermined number of iterations during the one of the system power up period and the system wake period. The system can further include a controller configured to: calculate a first resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations of the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage; and determine a positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal based at least in part on the first resistance ratio after the one of the system power up period and the system wake period. The controller can calculate a second resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations of the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage, and determine a negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal based at least in part on the second resistance ratio after the one of the system power up period and the system wake period.

[0123] Clause 10. The system of clause 9, wherein: measuring the first reference voltage in the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the first reference voltage; and measuring the third reference voltage in the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the third reference voltage.

[0124] Clause 11. The system of clause 9, wherein: measuring the second reference voltage in the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the second reference voltage; and measuring the fourth reference voltage in the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the fourth reference voltage.

[0125] Clause 12. The system of clause 9, wherein the first resistance ratio comprises a ratio of a resistance of the first integrated circuit to an external resistance of the first integrated circuit.

[0126] Clause 13. The system of clause 9, wherein the second resistance ratio comprises a ratio of a resistance of the second integrated circuit to an external resistance of the second integrated circuit.

[0127] Clause 14. The system of clause 9, wherein: determining the positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal; and determining the negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal.

[0128] Clause 15. The system of clause 9, wherein the predetermined number of iterations comprises 4 iterations.

[0129] Clause 16. The system of clause 9, wherein the high voltage battery pack is associated with a vehicle.

[0130] Clause 17. An apparatus for measuring a voltage of a high voltage battery pack, the apparatus comprising: a first analog-to-digital converter configured to measure, with a predetermined number of iterations, a first reference voltage associated with a positive high voltage direct current input signal and a third reference voltage associated with a negative high voltage direct current input signal; and a second analog-to-digital converter configured to measure, with the predetermined number of iterations, a second reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal and a fourth reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal; a controller configured to: calculate a first resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations of the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage; and determine, based at least in part on the first resistance ratio, a positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal; calculate a second resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations of the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage; and determine, based at least in part on the second resistance ratio, a negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal.

[0131] Clause 18. The apparatus of clause 17, wherein: measuring the first reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the first reference voltage; and measuring the third reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the third reference voltage.

[0132] Clause 19. The apparatus of clause 17, wherein: measuring the second reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to the second reference voltage; and measuring the fourth reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to the fourth reference voltage.

[0133] Clause 20. The apparatus of clause 17, wherein: determining the positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal; and determining the negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal.

[0134] The above discussion is meant to be illustrative of the principles and various implementations of the present disclosure. Many changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the above discussion. The appended claims are intended to cover all such changes and modifications.

[0135] The word “example” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, the use of the word “example” is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X includes A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X includes A; X includes B; or X includes both A and B, then “X includes A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. Moreover, use of the term “an implementation” or “one implementation” throughout is not intended to mean the same implementation or implementation unless described as such.

[0136] Implementations of the systems, algorithms, methods, instructions, and the like described herein can be realized in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. The hardware can include, for example, computers, intellectual property (IP) cores, application- specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic arrays, optical processors, programmable logic controllers, microcode, microcontrollers, servers, microprocessors, digital signal processors or any other suitable circuit. In the claims, the term "processor" should be understood as encompassing any of the foregoing hardware, either alone or in combination with one another. The terms "signal" and "data" are used interchangeably.

[0137] As used herein, the term module can include a packaged functional hardware unit designed for use with other components, a set of instructions executable by a controller (e.g., a processor executing software or firmware), a processing circuit configured to perform a particular function, and a self-contained hardware or software component that interfaces with a larger system. For example, a module can include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a circuit, a digital logic circuit, an analog circuit, a combination of discrete circuits, gates, and other types of hardware or combinations thereof. In other embodiments, a module can include a memory that stores instructions that can be executed by a controller to implement features of the module.

[0138] Further, in one aspect, for example, systems described herein can be implemented using a general purpose computer or a general purpose processor with a computer program that, when executed, carries out any of the respective methods, algorithms and / or instructions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, for example, a special purpose computer / processor can be used that can include other hardware for carrying out any of the methods, algorithms, or instructions described herein.

[0139] Further, all or a portion of implementations of the present disclosure can take the form of a computer program product accessible from, for example, computer-usable or computer-readable storage media. Computer-usable or computer-readable storage media can be, for example, tangible and / or virtual computer-usable or computer- readable storage media. A computer-usable or computer-readable storage media can be, for example, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or semiconductor system, apparatus or device. More specific examples (a non- exhaustive list) of the computer- readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a system or primary storage, a cache, a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), memory sticks, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, a portable computer diskette, and the like.

[0140] Having described above implementation, aspects and embodiments to allow easy understanding of the present disclosure without limiting the present disclosure. Instead, the present disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims, which scope is to be accorded the broadest interpretation available to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures as are legally permitted.

Claims

1. A method of measuring voltage of a high voltage battery pack, the method comprising: during one of a system power-up period and a system wake-up period of a system for measuring voltage of a high voltage battery pack: generating, for an electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery pack: a first reference voltage associated with a positive high voltage direct current input signal and a second reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal; and a third reference voltage associated with a negative high voltage direct current input signal and a fourth reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal; measuring the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage with a predetermined number of iterations; measuring the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations; calculating, for the electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery pack, a first resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations for the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage; and calculating, for the electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery pack, a second resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations for the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage; after the one of the system power-up period and the system wake-up period: determining, based at least in part on the first resistance ratio, a positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal; and determining, based at least in part on the second resistance ratio, a negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal, wherein the first resistance ratio is a ratio of a resistance of a first integrated circuit of the electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery pack to an external resistance of the first integrated circuit, and wherein the second resistance ratio is a ratio of a resistance of a second integrated circuit of the electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery pack to an external resistance of the second integrated circuit.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: measuring the first reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the first reference voltage; and measuring the third reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the third reference voltage.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: measuring the second reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the second reference voltage; and measuring the fourth reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage direct current input signal and a switch corresponding to the fourth reference voltage.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: ​ determining the positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal; and determining the negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, the predetermined number of iterations comprises 4 iterations.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, the high voltage battery is associated with a vehicle.

7. A system to measure voltage of a high voltage battery, the system comprising: a first integrated circuit configured to receive a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage associated with a positive high voltage DC input signal; a second integrated circuit configured to receive a third reference voltage and a fourth reference voltage associated with a negative high voltage DC input signal; a first analog-to-digital converter in communication with the first integrated circuit, the first analog-to-digital converter configured to measure the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage in a predetermined number of iterations during one of a system power up period and a system wake period; a second analog-to-digital converter in communication with the second integrated circuit, the second analog-to-digital converter configured to measure the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage in the predetermined number of iterations during the one of the system power up period and the system wake period; and a controller configured to: calculate a first resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations for the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage; calculate a second resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations for the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage; determine a positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal based at least in part on the first resistance ratio after the one of the system power up period and the system wake period; and determine a negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal based at least in part on the second resistance ratio after the one of the system power up period and the system wake period, wherein the first resistance ratio is a ratio of a resistance of the first integrated circuit to an external resistance of the first integrated circuit, and wherein the second resistance ratio is a ratio of a resistance of the second integrated circuit to an external resistance of the second integrated circuit.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein: measuring the first reference voltage in the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to the first reference voltage; and measuring the third reference voltage in the predetermined number of iterations comprises closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to the third reference voltage.

9. The system of claim 7, wherein: ​ ​ Measuring the second reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations includes closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to the second reference voltage; and Measuring the fourth reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations includes closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to the fourth reference voltage.

10. The system of claim 7, wherein: Determining the positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal includes closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal; and Determining the negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal includes closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal.

11. The system of claim 7, wherein, The predetermined number of iterations includes 4 iterations.

12. The system according to claim 7, wherein: The high voltage battery pack is associated with a vehicle.

13. An apparatus for measuring a voltage of a high voltage battery pack, the apparatus comprising: a first analog-to-digital converter configured to measure a first reference voltage associated with a positive high voltage DC input signal and a third reference voltage associated with a negative high voltage DC input signal with a predetermined number of iterations; and a second analog-to-digital converter configured to measure a second reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal and a fourth reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal with the predetermined number of iterations; a controller configured to: calculate a first resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations for the first reference voltage and the third reference voltage; calculate a second resistance ratio based at least in part on voltage measurements for each of the predetermined number of iterations for the second reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage; determine a positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal based at least in part on the first resistance ratio; and determine a negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal based at least in part on the second resistance ratio, wherein the first resistance ratio is a ratio of a resistance of a first integrated circuit of an electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery pack to an external resistance of the first integrated circuit, and wherein the second resistance ratio is a ratio of a resistance of a second integrated circuit of the electronic circuit associated with the high voltage battery pack to an external resistance of the second integrated circuit.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein: Measuring the first reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations includes closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to the first reference voltage; and Measuring the third reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations includes closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to the third reference voltage.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein: Measuring the second reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations includes closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to the second reference voltage; and Measuring the fourth reference voltage with the predetermined number of iterations includes closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to the fourth reference voltage.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein: determining the positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal includes closing a switch corresponding to the positive high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the positive high voltage DC input signal; and determining the negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal includes closing a switch corresponding to the negative high voltage DC input signal and a switch corresponding to a low voltage signal reference voltage associated with the negative high voltage DC input signal.

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