A spray wall-impinging device for a pre-chamber constant volume combustion bomb

Abstract

The present invention discloses a spray wall-impinging device for a pre-chamber constant volume bomb, which includes a wall-impinging plate, bolts, an adapter body, two thermocouples, two thermocouple connectors, two wires, a heating block, two heat insulation gaskets, two through-wall electrodes, and an E6-20942K transient temperature sensor. The spray wall-impinging device adopts a connection method combining the wall-impinging plate with the adapter body of the pre-chamber constant volume bomb. The overall structure is compact and can withstand the shock wave generated during pre-combustion, and it is applicable to the pre-chamber constant volume bomb. A heating method is adopted in which the heating block is sealed inside the adapter body and directly heats the wall-impinging plate, and heat insulation gaskets are installed between the contact surfaces of the wall-impinging plate and the heating block with the adapter body to reduce heat loss, which can greatly improve the heating efficiency and temperature uniformity of the wall-impinging plate. By combining the transient temperature sensor with the wall-impinging device, the transient measurement of the temperature of the wall-impinging plate during the fuel spray wall-impinging combustion process is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a spray wall-impinging device for a pre-chamber constant volume bomb, belonging to the technical field of diesel engine experimental research, and particularly to a device for spray wall-impinging combustion experiments in a pre-chamber constant volume bomb. Background Art

[0002] In order to improve the diesel atomization quality to improve the combustion process, the maximum injection pressure of the diesel engine fuel supply system has increased from 80 MPa (in-line fuel injection pump) to 250 MPa (high-pressure common rail injection system) in the recent 40 years. For medium and small cylinder diameter diesel engines, during the process of directly injecting high-pressure fuel into the combustion chamber, the spray fuel beam will inevitably impinge on the combustion chamber wall. After the spray impinges on the wall, its mixing process, concentration distribution, and particle size distribution will all change significantly, thus affecting the combustion process, power performance, and emission characteristics of the diesel engine. Studying the characteristics of diesel wall-impinging spray is one of the important links for optimizing the combustion chamber structure and reasonably formulating the fuel injection strategy to improve the overall engine performance. Therefore, studying the ignition and combustion characteristics of diesel spray impinging on the wall in a constant volume bomb is of great significance for improving the performance of diesel engines in various aspects.

[0003] Under the cold start condition of a diesel engine, due to the relatively low wall temperature, the wall-impinging spray will form an attached wall oil film on the piston surface. Due to the attached wall combustion of the oil film and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas formed in the cylinder transferring to the piston surface through heat flow and penetrating along the depth direction, the wall temperature will increase. If the temperature increase is too large, it will cause a change in the lattice structure, and the structural strength of the material will also change accordingly. Once the thermal load of the piston exceeds the material strength limit, ablation may occur. Therefore, studying the influence of the wall temperature on the oil film formation characteristics after the spray impinges on the wall and the heat transfer process between the wall and the attached wall combustion of the oil film is crucial for solving the ablation problem of the piston surface.

[0004] Before fuel injection in a pre-chamber constant volume bomb, pre-mixed combustion of acetylene or hydrogen needs to be carried out to create the in-cylinder conditions (ambient temperature, ambient pressure, oxygen content) required for fuel injection. Acetylene or hydrogen will rapidly increase the temperature and pressure of the internal gas in the combustion chamber of the constant volume bomb and be accompanied by intense shock waves. The electrically heated constant volume bomb heats the gas through the heating wire in the bomb without pre-mixing and burning acetylene or hydrogen.

[0005] In the prior art, the spray wall-impinging device uses bolts to connect multiple linkages to adjust the wall-impinging plate in multiple degrees of freedom, and can conduct spray wall-impinging combustion experiments in an electrically heated constant volume bomb. However, this device has many parts and insufficient overall strength to withstand the strong shock waves generated during the pre-combustion of a pre-combustion constant volume bomb, and it is unable to heat the wall-impinging plate and measure the transient temperature of the wall surface during fuel wall-impinging combustion. Therefore, it does not meet the requirements of spray wall-impinging combustion in a pre-combustion constant volume bomb. Summary of the Invention

[0006] When solving the technical problems of the present invention: overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art, a spray wall-impinging device for a pre-combustion constant volume bomb is proposed. This device can withstand the strong shock waves generated during the combustion of pre-combustion gas, the temperature of the wall-impinging plate can be quickly adjusted and precisely controlled, and the transient temperature measurement of the wall-impinging plate can be carried out.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A spray wall-impinging device for a pre-combustion constant volume bomb, which includes a wall-impinging plate, an adapter body, two thermocouples, two thermocouple connectors, two wires, a heating block, two heat insulation gaskets, two through-wall electrodes, and an E6-20942K transient temperature sensor;

[0009] The outer surface of the adapter body matches the pre-combustion constant volume bomb, and the adapter body can be fixed in the stepped hole of the pre-combustion constant volume bomb through a flange for sealing the internal space of the constant volume bomb;

[0010] The adapter body is an integrally formed large cylinder and small cylinder, with the large cylinder and small cylinder coaxial; there is a stepped blind hole A1 composed of two cylindrical holes with different diameters at the center of the small cylinder circular surface; in addition, there is an annular groove A2 on the small cylinder circular surface; eight threaded holes are evenly distributed in the circular area surrounded by the outer circle of the annular groove A2 and the boundary of the small cylinder; there is a cylindrical hole A3 at the center of the large cylinder circular surface and it communicates with the stepped blind hole A1, and there are two stepped cylindrical holes A4 on both sides of the central cylindrical hole A3. The stepped cylindrical hole A4 is composed of three coaxial but different-diameter cylindrical holes. The diameters of the three cylindrical holes gradually decrease from the large cylinder surface towards the inside of the adapter body and communicate with the stepped blind hole A1, and the middle cylindrical hole has threads; there are two NPT1 / 4 threaded holes A5 on the large cylinder surface on the vertical line connecting the centers of the above two stepped cylindrical holes A4, and there is a smaller-diameter cylindrical hole A6 at the bottom of each of these two threaded holes A5, and this small cylindrical hole A6 communicates with the above annular groove A2;

[0011] The described wall-colliding plate is a large cylinder and a small cylinder formed integrally. The large cylinder and the small cylinder are coaxial, and there is an annular convex block on the circular surface of the large cylinder. The annular convex block matches the size of the above-mentioned annular groove A2 and has two blind holes B1 that are symmetric about the center of the circle on its surface; there is a circular groove B2 on the circular surface of the large cylinder of the wall-colliding plate, and there is a blind hole B3 at the center of the bottom surface of the circular groove B2; the diameter of the large cylinder of the wall-colliding plate is the same as the diameter of the small cylinder of the adapter; there are eight uniformly distributed through holes on the stepped surface formed by the large cylinder and the small cylinder; place the annular convex block of the wall-colliding plate in the annular groove A2 of the adapter, and the two blind holes B1 on the annular convex block are coaxial with the two cylindrical holes A6 of the adapter respectively, and use eight bolts to fixedly connect the wall-colliding plate to the circular surface of the small cylinder of the adapter 3; the cooperation between the annular convex block of the wall-colliding plate and the annular groove of the adapter has a good sealing effect on the interior of the adapter, preventing the pre-combustion shock wave from spreading into the stepped hole of the adapter; connecting the wall-colliding plate and the adapter through eight bolts can ensure the reliability of the connection between the two and prevent the relative position of the two from changing due to the pre-combustion shock wave;

[0012] The two thermocouples are fixed on the adapter through two thermocouple connectors. The thermocouple connectors are installed in the NPT1 / 4 threaded holes of the adapter, and the thermocouples pass through the thermocouple connectors and extend into the blind hole B1 of the wall-colliding plate; the two thermocouples are used to measure the temperature at the edge of the wall-colliding plate, and the temperature uniformity of the wall-colliding plate is obtained by comparing with the temperature at the center of the wall-colliding plate to prevent too large a temperature difference between the center and the edge of the wall-colliding plate;

[0013] The described heating block is a cylinder. There are two cylindrical terminal posts on its top surface and a circular through hole at its axis, and the through hole is coaxial with the cylindrical hole A3 of the adapter; the heating block is placed in the stepped blind hole A1 of the adapter, and the top surface (the side with the terminal posts) of the heating block is in contact with the stepped surface of A1 and the bottom surface is in contact with the large cylindrical surface of the wall-colliding plate; the heating block is used to heat the wall-colliding plate. The direct contact between the heating block and the wall-colliding plate can quickly increase the temperature of the wall-colliding plate, and the precise regulation of the temperature of the wall-colliding plate can be achieved through the temperature feedback of the transient temperature sensor;

[0014] The two wall-piercing electrodes are fixed in the stepped blind hole A4 of the adapter by threads, and one end of them extends into the space formed by the top surface of the heating block and the bottom surface of the stepped blind hole A1 of the adapter; the end of the wall-piercing electrode located outside the adapter is connected to the power supply, and the end located inside the adapter is connected to the terminal post of the heating block through a wire, while providing a current loop to the heating block and having a sealing effect on the interior of the adapter;

[0015] The two wires are located in the space formed by the top surface of the heating block and the bottom surface of the stepped blind hole A1 of the adapter. One end of the wire is connected to the wall-piercing electrode and the other end is connected to the terminal post of the heating block;

[0016] The two heat insulation gaskets, one is located between the bottom surface of the annular groove of the aptamer and the surface between the annular bump of the wall hitting plate, and the other is located between the top surface of the heating block and the stepped surface of the stepped blind hole A1 of the aptamer; the function of the heat insulation gasket is to reduce the temperature transfer between the wall hitting plate and the aptamer and reduce the temperature transfer between the heating block and the aptamer, improve the heating efficiency and temperature uniformity of the wall hitting plate, and prevent the temperature of the aptamer from rising excessively;

[0017] The transient temperature sensor sequentially passes through the hole A3 of the aptamer and the central hole of the heating block and is inserted into the blind hole B3 of the wall hitting plate; the transient temperature sensor is used to measure the transient temperature change of the wall hitting plate within a few milliseconds when the fuel spray hits the wall and catches fire, so that the heat transfer process from the flame to the wall hitting plate can be calculated.

[0018] Beneficial effects

[0019] (1) The installation method of the wall hitting plate of the present invention in the bomb. In the present invention, the wall hitting plate is connected to the aptamer by bolts, and the aptamer is pressed against the bomb body.

[0020] (2) The overall structure of the wall hitting device of the present invention is compact, can withstand the shock wave generated during pre-ignition, and is applicable to a pre-ignition constant volume bomb.

[0021] (3) The assembly method of the wall hitting plate and the circular groove of the aptamer of the present invention can not only be used for positioning the wall hitting plate but also play a sealing role for the interior. In addition, adding a heat insulation gasket between the sealing surfaces of the two can greatly reduce the heat transfer from the wall hitting plate to the aptamer, thereby solving the problem of uneven temperature of the wall hitting plate.

[0022] (4) The heating method of the wall hitting plate of the present invention. At present, some of the spray wall hitting devices cannot heat the wall hitting plate, so the research on the influence of wall temperature on spray combustion cannot be carried out. Some are by heating the bomb body and then transferring the heat to the wall hitting plate. This heating method requires heating the entire bomb, with low efficiency and long heating time, and the wall temperature cannot be accurately controlled.

[0023] (5) The heating method adopted by the present invention directly seals the heating block inside the aptamer and directly contacts the wall hitting plate, and adds a heat insulation gasket between the contact surfaces of the wall hitting plate and the heating block and the aptamer to avoid heat loss. Greatly improves the heating efficiency and temperature uniformity of the wall hitting plate.

[0024] (6) Transient measurement of the temperature of the wall - hitting plate in the present invention. During the wall - attached oil - film combustion process, a large amount of heat is transferred to the piston surface, resulting in ablation on the piston surface. Therefore, it is very important to study the wall - attached oil - film combustion process and the heat - transfer process between the piston surface. This requires the ability to transiently measure the temperature of the wall - hitting plate wall surface within a few milliseconds of wall - hitting spray combustion. The current wall - hitting devices cannot achieve transient measurement of the wall surface temperature. The present invention combines the E6 - 20942K transient temperature sensor with the wall - hitting device to achieve transient measurement of the wall surface temperature during the wall - hitting spray combustion process. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic three - dimensional structure diagram of the wall - hitting device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a cross - sectional view of the wall - hitting device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a cross - sectional view of the adapter body;

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic structure diagram of the wall - hitting plate. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

[0029] The following further describes the present invention with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Embodiment

[0031] As Figures 1-4 shown, a spray wall - hitting device for a pre - combustion constant - volume bomb, the spray wall - hitting device includes a wall - hitting plate 1, bolts 2, an adapter body 3, two thermocouples 4, two thermocouple connectors 5, two wires 6, a heating block 7, two heat - insulating gaskets 8, two through - wall electrodes 9, and an E6 - 20942K transient temperature sensor 10;

[0032] The outer surface of the adapter body 3 matches the pre - combustion constant - volume bomb. The adapter body 3 can be fixed in the stepped hole of the pre - combustion constant - volume bomb through a flange for sealing the internal space of the constant - volume bomb;

[0033] The aptamer 3 is composed of an integrally formed large cylinder and a small cylinder, with the large cylinder and the small cylinder being coaxial. At the center of the circular surface of the small cylinder, there is a stepped blind hole A1 composed of two cylindrical holes with different diameters. In addition, there is an annular groove A2 on the circular surface of the small cylinder. Eight threaded holes are evenly distributed in the annular region enclosed by the outer circle of the annular groove A2 and the boundary of the small cylinder. At the center of the circular surface of the large cylinder, there is a cylindrical hole A3, which is communicated with the stepped blind hole A1. On both sides of the central cylindrical hole A3, there are two stepped cylindrical holes A4. The stepped cylindrical hole A4 is composed of three coaxial but different-diameter cylindrical holes. The diameters of the three cylindrical holes gradually decrease from the surface of the large cylinder towards the inside of the aptamer 3 and are communicated with the stepped blind hole A1. The middle cylindrical hole has threads. There are two NPT1 / 4 threaded holes A5 on the large cylindrical surface on the vertical line connecting the centers of the above two stepped cylindrical holes A4. At the bottom of each of these two threaded holes A5, there is a small-diameter cylindrical hole A6, and the small cylindrical hole A6 is communicated with the above annular groove A2.

[0034] The impact wall plate 1 is composed of an integrally formed large cylinder and a small cylinder. The large cylinder and the small cylinder are coaxial, and there is an annular convex block on the circular surface of the large cylinder. The annular convex block matches the size of the above annular groove A2 and has two blind holes B1 symmetric about the center of the circle on its surface. There is a circular groove B2 on the circular surface of the large cylinder of the impact wall plate 1, and there is a blind hole B3 at the center of the bottom surface of the circular groove B2. The diameter of the large cylinder of the impact wall plate 1 is the same as the diameter of the small cylinder of the aptamer 3. There are eight uniformly distributed through holes on the stepped surface formed by the large cylinder and the small cylinder. Place the annular convex block of the impact wall plate 1 in the annular groove A2 of the aptamer, and the two blind holes B1 on the annular convex block are respectively coaxial with the two cylindrical holes A6 of the aptamer. Use eight bolts to fixedly connect the impact wall plate 1 to the circular surface of the small cylinder of the aptamer 3. The cooperation between the annular convex block of the impact wall plate 1 and the annular groove of the aptamer 3 has a good sealing effect on the inside of the aptamer, preventing the pre-combustion shock wave from spreading into the stepped holes of the aptamer. Connecting the impact wall plate and the aptamer with eight bolts can ensure the reliability of their connection and prevent the relative position of the two from changing due to the pre-combustion shock wave.

[0035] The two thermocouples 4 are fixed on the aptamer 3 through two thermocouple connectors 5. The thermocouple connectors 5 are installed in the NPT1 / 4 threaded holes of the aptamer. The thermocouples 4 pass through the thermocouple connectors 5 and extend into the blind holes B1 of the impact wall plate. The two thermocouples are used to measure the temperature at the edge of the impact wall plate. By comparing with the temperature at the center of the impact wall plate 1, the temperature uniformity of the impact wall plate 1 can be obtained, preventing the temperature difference between the center and the edge of the impact wall plate 1 from being too large.

[0036] The heating block 7 is a cylinder. There are two cylindrical terminals on its top surface, and a circular through-hole is provided at its axis. The through-hole is coaxial with the cylindrical hole A3 of the adapter body. The heating block 7 is placed in the stepped blind hole A1 of the adapter body. The top surface (the side with the terminals) of the heating block 7 is in contact with the stepped surface of A1, and the bottom surface is in contact with the large cylindrical surface of the impact wall plate. The heating block is used to heat the impact wall plate. The direct contact between the heating block and the impact wall plate can quickly increase the temperature of the impact wall plate, and the precise control of the temperature of the impact wall plate can be achieved through the temperature feedback of the transient temperature sensor.

[0037] The two through-wall electrodes 9 are fixed in the stepped blind hole A4 of the adapter body by threads, and one end of them extends into the space formed by the top surface of the heating block 7 and the bottom surface of the stepped blind hole A1 of the adapter body. One end of the through-wall electrode located outside the adapter body is connected to the power supply, and one end located inside the adapter body is connected to the terminal of the heating block through a wire, which can seal the inside of the adapter body while providing a current loop for the heating block.

[0038] The two wires 6 are located in the space formed by the top surface of the heating block 7 and the bottom surface of the stepped blind hole A1 of the adapter body. One end of the wire is connected to the through-wall electrode, and the other end is connected to the terminal of the heating block.

[0039] The two heat insulation gaskets 8, one is located between the bottom surface of the circular groove of the adapter body and the surface of the circular convex block of the impact wall plate, and the other is located between the top surface of the heating block and the stepped surface of the stepped blind hole A1 of the adapter body. The function of the heat insulation gasket is to reduce the temperature transfer between the impact wall plate and the adapter body and between the heating block and the adapter body, improve the heating efficiency and temperature uniformity of the impact wall plate, and prevent the temperature of the adapter body from rising excessively.

[0040] The transient temperature sensor 10 sequentially passes through the hole A3 of the adapter body and the central hole of the heating block and is inserted into the blind hole B3 of the impact wall plate. The transient temperature sensor is used to measure the transient temperature change of the impact wall plate within a few milliseconds of fuel spray impingement combustion, so as to calculate the heat transfer process from the flame to the impact wall plate.

[0041] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not used to limit the implementation manner and protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should be able to realize that all equivalent replacements and obvious changes made by using the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spray wall-impinging device for a pre-chamber constant volume bomb, characterized in that: The spray wall-impinging device includes a wall-impinging plate (1) and an adapter body (3); The outer surface of the adapter body (3) matches the pre-chamber constant volume bomb, and the adapter body (3) can be fixed in the stepped hole of the pre-chamber constant volume bomb through a flange for sealing the internal space of the constant volume bomb; The adapter body (3) is an integrally formed large cylinder and small cylinder, and the large cylinder and the small cylinder are coaxial; The wall-impinging plate (1) is an integrally formed large cylinder and small cylinder, the large cylinder and the small cylinder are coaxial and there is an annular convex block on the circular surface of the large cylinder, and the size of the annular convex block matches the size of the annular groove A2 on the adapter body; The diameter of the large cylinder of the wall-impinging plate (1) is the same as the diameter of the small cylinder of the adapter body (3); The wall-impinging plate (1) is fixedly connected to the adapter body (3); The spray wall-impinging device further includes two thermocouples (4), two thermocouple connectors (5), two wires (6), a heating block (7), two heat insulation gaskets (8), two through-wall electrodes (9) and an E6-20942K transient temperature sensor (10); There is a stepped blind hole A1 composed of two cylindrical holes with different diameters in the center of the circular surface of the small cylinder of the adapter body (3); in addition, there is an annular groove A2 on the circular surface of the small cylinder; eight threaded holes are evenly distributed in the annular area surrounded by the outer circle of the annular groove A2 and the boundary of the small cylinder; there is a cylindrical hole A3 in the center of the circular surface of the large cylinder and it is communicated with the stepped blind hole A1, and there are two stepped cylindrical holes A4 on both sides of the central cylindrical hole A3. The stepped cylindrical hole A4 is composed of three coaxial but cylindrical holes with different diameters. The diameters of the three cylindrical holes gradually decrease from the surface of the large cylinder to the inside of the adapter body (3) and are communicated with the stepped blind hole A1. The middle cylindrical hole has threads; there are two NPT1 / 4 threaded holes A5 on the vertical line of the center connection line of the above two stepped cylindrical holes A4 on the large cylinder surface, and there is a smaller-diameter cylindrical hole A6 at the bottom of each of these two threaded holes A5, and the small cylindrical hole A6 is communicated with the above annular groove A2.

2. The spray wall-impinging device for a pre-chamber constant volume bomb according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large cylindrical surface of the collision wall plate (1) has an annular convex block, which is dimensionally matched with the above-mentioned annular groove A2 and has two blind holes B1 symmetric about the center of the circle on its surface; the large cylindrical surface of the collision wall plate (1) has a circular groove B2, and there is a blind hole B3 at the center of the bottom surface of the circular groove B2; the diameter of the large cylinder of the collision wall plate (1) is the same as the diameter of the small cylinder of the adapter (3); there are eight uniformly distributed through holes on the stepped surface formed by the large cylinder and the small cylinder; place the annular convex block of the collision wall plate (1) in the annular groove A2 of the adapter, and the two blind holes B1 on the annular convex block are coaxial with the two cylindrical holes A6 of the adapter respectively, and use eight bolts to fixedly connect the collision wall plate (1) to the small cylindrical surface of the adapter (3); the cooperation between the annular convex block of the collision wall plate (1) and the annular groove of the adapter (3) seals the inside of the adapter to prevent the pre-combustion shock wave from spreading into the stepped holes of the adapter; the collision wall plate and the adapter are connected by eight bolts.

3. The spray collision wall device for a pre-combustion constant volume bomb according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two thermocouples (4) are fixed on the adapter (3) through two thermocouple connectors (5), the thermocouple connectors (5) are installed in the NPT1 / 4 threaded holes of the adapter, and the thermocouples (4) pass through the thermocouple connectors (5) and extend into the blind hole B1 of the collision wall plate; the two thermocouples are used to measure the temperature at the edge of the collision wall plate, and the temperature uniformity of the collision wall plate (1) is obtained by comparing with the temperature at the center of the collision wall plate (1).

4. The spray collision wall device for a pre-combustion constant volume bomb according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heating block (7) is a cylinder, and there are two cylindrical terminal posts on its top surface and a circular through hole at its axis, and the through hole is coaxial with the cylindrical hole A3 of the adapter; the heating block (7) is placed in the stepped blind hole A1 of the adapter, and the top surface of the heating block (7) is in contact with the stepped surface of A1 and the bottom surface is in contact with the large cylindrical surface of the collision wall plate; the heating block (7) is used to heat the collision wall plate, and the heating block is in direct contact with the collision wall plate.

5. The spray collision wall device for a pre-combustion constant volume bomb according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two through-wall electrodes (9) are fixed in the stepped blind hole A4 of the adapter by threads, and one end of them extends into the space formed by the top surface of the heating block (7) and the bottom surface of the stepped blind hole A1 of the adapter; the end of the through-wall electrode located outside the adapter is connected to the power supply, and the end located inside the adapter is connected to the heating block terminal post through a wire, while providing a current circuit to the heating block, it also seals the inside of the adapter.

6. The spray collision wall device for a pre-combustion constant volume bomb according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two wires (6) are located in the space formed by the top surface of the heating block (7) and the bottom surface of the stepped blind hole A1 of the adapter, and one end of the wire is connected to the through-wall electrode and the other end is connected to the heating block terminal post.

7. The spray collision wall device for a pre-combustion constant volume bomb according to claim 6, characterized in that: The two heat insulation gaskets (8), one is located between the bottom surface of the annular groove of the adapter body and the surface between the annular protrusion of the wall-colliding plate, and the other is located between the top surface of the heating block and the stepped surface of the stepped blind hole A1 of the adapter body.

8. A spray wall-colliding device for a pre-chamber constant volume bomb according to claim 7, characterized in that: The transient temperature sensor (10) sequentially passes through the hole A3 of the adapter body and the central hole of the heating block and is inserted into the blind hole B3 of the wall-colliding plate; the transient temperature sensor is used to measure the transient temperature change of the wall-colliding plate within a few milliseconds when the fuel spray collides with the wall and catches fire, and calculate the heat transferred from the flame to the wall-colliding plate.

Images