A multi-row anchoring method for multiple ships in an inland anchorage

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-row anchoring method for multiple ships in an inland anchorage, which divides the water area of ​​the anchorage into several rows of anchorages, each row of anchorages can accommodate multiple ships, and the unmooring and anchoring of ships in the anchorage are dynamically adjusted. The method can avoid the problem of the traditional anchoring method occupying a large water area, thereby increasing the number of ships anchored in the anchorage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a multi-row anchoring method for multiple ships traveling down an inland river anchorage, and belongs to the field of water transportation. Background Art

[0002] Anchorage is a water area where ships can drop anchor in order to safely moor, avoid wind and typhoons, wait for inspection and pilotage, engage in water transfer, marshal and disband fleets, and perform other operations. It is an important part of modern water transportation and an important part of ship lock and port supporting projects. In recent years, with the vigorous development of inland waterway shipping, the number of ships has gradually increased, and the problem of ships waiting for locks has become increasingly prominent. The traditional anchoring method occupies a large area of ​​anchorage, but the number of ships moored is small. How to maximize the use of anchorage waters, relieve anchorage pressure, and improve navigation efficiency is one of the current problems. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned well-known problems, the present invention proposes a multi-row anchoring method for multiple ships going down in an inland anchorage, which evenly divides the anchorage waters into a number of berths so that the anchored ships are anchored in rows and side by side. The ships are anchored side by side to minimize the distance between ships, increase the anchorage capacity, and strengthen the order of ship anchoring.

[0004] In order to realize the above-mentioned technical features, the object of the present invention is achieved as follows: a multi-row anchoring method for multiple ships moving downstream in an inland anchorage, by dividing the anchorage waters into several rows of anchor positions, each row of anchor positions can accommodate multiple ships anchored side by side, and the ships in the anchorage can dynamically adjust the unmooring and anchoring to increase the number of ships anchored in the anchorage.

[0005] The division and numbering of anchorage positions in the anchorage waters are carried out according to the principle of from upstream to downstream and from the shore to the main channel side: the first anchor position in the first row close to the shore is (1, 1), the second anchor position in the first row is (1, 2) until the mth anchor position in the first row is (1, m);

[0006] The first anchor position in the second row is (2, 1), the second anchor position in the second row is (2, 2), and so on until the mth anchor position in the second row is (2, m), and so on. The mth anchor position in the nth row on the downstream side of the main channel of the anchorage waters is (n, m);

[0007] The safe distance between the first row of anchors and the upstream end of the anchorage waters is L C The safe distance between the nth row anchorage and the downstream end of the anchorage waters is L D , the safety distance between the anchor rows is L Z The safe distance between each row of anchorages and the shore and the anchorage waters boundary on the main channel side is L A .

[0008] When the ships in the anchorage leave the anchorage row by row from upstream to downstream, and the distance of free water between upstream and downstream reaches ΔL, the newly arrived ships can anchor at the first row of anchorages, and on the premise that the distance of free water from upstream to downstream is not less than ΔL, the newly arrived ships can anchor row by row from upstream to downstream.

[0009] The safe distance between the first row of anchors and the upstream end of the anchorage waters is L C This is to ensure that the ship does not exceed the minimum distance of the upstream boundary of the anchorage waters when anchored, that is, the distance the ship moves from anchoring to completion, calculated according to the following formula (1):

[0010]

[0011] Where: Q is the length of the anchor chain when the ship is anchored, H is the water depth of the anchorage, and d is the catenary parameter.

[0012] The safe distance between the nth row of anchorages and the downstream end of the anchorage waters is L D This is to ensure that when an anchored ship drifts due to wind and current factors, it will not exceed the minimum distance of the downstream boundary of the anchorage waters. It is calculated according to the following formula (2):

[0013]

[0014] Where: α is the angle between the anchor chain and the water surface after being approximately straightened, H is the water depth of the anchorage, and d is the catenary parameter.

[0015] The safety distance between the anchor rows is L Z In order to ensure that the ship will not collide with the ships anchored in adjacent rows when entering or leaving the anchorage waters, the following formula (3) is used to calculate:

[0016] L Z =L+r (3)

[0017] Where: L is the length of the ship, r is the turning radius of the ship.

[0018] The safe distance between each row of anchorages and the shore and the anchorage waters boundary on the main channel side is L A Calculate according to the following formula (4):

[0019] L A = sinθ(L+L C ) (4)

[0020] Where: θ is the normal swing angle of the ship when anchored, which is affected by wind speed, flow velocity, water depth and riverbed geology, and is determined through field tests; L is the length of the ship, L C It is the distance the ship moves from anchoring to completion.

[0021] The free water distance ΔL is the minimum value of the distance required to ensure that a newly arrived ship enters the anchorage and anchors and that other ships in the anchorage leave the anchorage without a collision between the ships. It is calculated according to the following formula (5):

[0022] ΔL=2L Z +L (5)

[0023] Where: ΔL is the minimum distance to ensure that there is no collision between ships, L Z is the minimum safe distance between rows, and L is the length of the ship.

[0024] The main steps for downstream ships to achieve multiple rows of anchoring and leaving the anchorage are as follows:

[0025] Step 1: The first downstream ship turns around and sails into the first row of shore anchorages (1, 1). When the bow reaches the upstream boundary of the anchorage, it drops anchor and waits for the anchor chain to be tightened.

[0026] Step 2: The second ship going downstream turns around and sails upstream, close to the starboard side of the ship at anchor position (1, 1). When the bow reaches the upstream boundary of the anchorage, it drops anchor. When the ship drifts downward under the action of the water flow until it is flush with the ship at anchor position (1, 1), the anchor chain is tightened and the ships at anchor positions (1, 1) and (1, 2) are tied to each other. Repeat the above process until all the ships at anchor position (1, m) in the first row are docked.

[0027] Step 3: When the first row of anchorages is full, the following downstream ships turn around in safe waters and head to the second row of designated anchorages (2, 1), and repeat the anchoring steps of the first ship in the first row to complete the anchoring positioning of the second row of ships. The following incoming ships repeat the steps of the following incoming ships in the first row until the (2, m) anchorage is full;

[0028] Step 4: Repeat the above steps until all anchor positions (n, m) are full;

[0029] Step 5: When the ship leaves the berth, the first ship in the first row (1, 1) tightens the anchor chain at its anchorage position, unties the mooring cables from the surrounding ships, turns around and sails away from the anchorage waters at a slow speed; the second ship in the first row (1, 2) sails away from the anchorage waters, until the mth ship in the first row (1, m) sails away from the anchorage waters; the above process is repeated, and each row and each ship sails away from the anchorage waters in turn;

[0030] Step 6: When the anchored ships leave the anchorage row by row, and the free water distance between upstream and downstream reaches ΔL, the newly anchored ships shall be moored at the first row of anchors according to steps 1 and 2.

[0031] Step 7: Subsequent newly-anchored ships shall anchor at the second, third and nth rows of free anchorages one by one in accordance with steps 3 and 4, on the premise that the free waters are kept at a distance of not less than ΔL.

[0032] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The present invention divides the anchorage water area into several rows of anchorages where multiple ships can berth together according to the standards for inland river ships passing through the lock, and clarifies the method of multiple-row anchoring and mooring of multiple ships in the anchorage, thereby minimizing the distance between ships in the anchorage water area, providing more anchoring space for anchored ships in limited waters, and increasing the anchorage capacity. The method can provide a reference for the design and use of anchorages.

[0034] 2. This method enhances the stability of ships by berthing multiple ships, improves the ability of ships to resist wind and current when anchoring, and strengthens the safety of ships at anchor. At the same time, the ships berthing together have strong communication capabilities, and the speed of message transmission between ships is fast. If an emergency occurs, emergency measures can be taken quickly and efficiently, which has better safety.

[0035] 3. The present invention facilitates centralized shore power supply by berthing multiple ships. Shore power is used to replace diesel power generation during the anchoring period, which reduces fuel consumption and is more environmentally friendly. The cost of shore power is lower than that of diesel power generation, which can save the operating cost of the ship during the anchoring period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] Figure 1 Partition diagram for anchor positions.

[0038] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a ship entering an anchorage and dropping anchor.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of ships leaving the anchorage and newly arriving ships anchoring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Embodiment 1:

[0042] See also Figure 1-3A multi-row anchoring method for multiple ships in an inland anchorage. By dividing the anchorage waters into several rows of anchorages, each row of anchorages can accommodate multiple ships, and the ships in the anchorage can dynamically adjust the unmooring and anchoring to increase the number of ships anchored in the anchorage. By adopting the above-mentioned multi-row anchoring method, the distance between ships in the anchorage waters is minimized, providing more anchoring space for anchored ships in limited waters, and increasing the anchorage capacity. This method can provide a reference for the design and use of anchorages.

[0043] Furthermore, the division and numbering of anchorage positions in the anchorage waters are carried out according to the principle of from upstream to downstream and from the shore to the main channel: the first anchorage in the first row close to the shore is (1, 1), the second anchorage in the first row is (1, 2) until the mth anchorage in the first row is (1, m); the first anchorage in the second row is (2, 1), the second anchorage in the second row is (2, 2) until the mth anchorage in the second row is (2, m), and so on. The mth anchorage in the nth row on the main channel side downstream of the anchorage waters is (n, m); the safety distance between the first row anchorage and the upstream end of the anchorage waters is L C The safe distance between the nth row anchorage and the downstream end of the anchorage waters is L D , the safety distance between the anchor rows is L Z The safe distance between each row of anchorages and the shore and the anchorage waters boundary on the main channel side is L A By adopting the above-mentioned parameter settings, the safe and reliable anchoring and safe departure of the ship in the anchorage waters are guaranteed. At the same time, it is convenient to realize the digital management of anchoring and mooring with the help of computers in the future, providing quantitative data support for digital management.

[0044] Furthermore, when the ships in the anchorage leave the anchorage row by row from upstream to downstream, and the free water distance between upstream and downstream reaches ΔL, the newly arrived ships can anchor at the first row of anchorages, and under the premise of keeping the free water distance from upstream to downstream not less than ΔL, the newly arrived ships can anchor row by row from upstream to downstream. The above settings facilitate the dynamic anchoring and mooring of ships, thereby improving the mooring efficiency.

[0045] Furthermore, the safety distance between the first row of anchors and the upstream end of the anchorage waters is L C This is to ensure that the ship does not exceed the minimum distance of the upstream boundary of the anchorage waters when anchored, that is, the distance the ship moves from anchoring to completion, calculated according to the following formula (1):

[0046]

[0047] Where: Q is the length of the anchor chain when the ship is anchored, H is the water depth of the anchorage, and d is the catenary parameter.

[0048] Furthermore, the safety distance between the nth row of anchorages and the downstream end of the anchorage waters is L D This is to ensure that when an anchored ship drifts due to wind and current factors, it will not exceed the minimum distance of the downstream boundary of the anchorage waters. It is calculated according to the following formula (2):

[0049]

[0050] Where: α is the angle between the anchor chain and the water surface after being approximately straightened, H is the water depth of the anchorage, and d is the catenary parameter.

[0051] Furthermore, the safety distance between the anchor rows is L Z In order to ensure that the ship will not collide with the ships anchored in adjacent rows when entering or leaving the anchorage waters, the following formula (3) is used to calculate:

[0052] L Z =L+r (3)

[0053] Where: L is the length of the ship, r is the turning radius of the ship.

[0054] Furthermore, the safety distance between each row of anchorages and the shore and the anchorage waters boundary on the main channel side is L A Calculate according to the following formula (4):

[0055] L A = sinθ(L+L C ) (4)

[0056] Where: θ is the normal swing angle of the ship when anchored, which is affected by wind speed, flow velocity, water depth and riverbed geology, and is determined through field tests; L is the length of the ship, L C It is the distance the ship moves from anchoring to completion.

[0057] Furthermore, the free water distance ΔL is the minimum value of the distance required to ensure that a ship newly arriving at the anchorage enters the anchorage and anchors and that other ships in the anchorage leave the anchorage without a collision between the ships, and is calculated according to the following formula (5):

[0058] ΔL=2L Z +L (5)

[0059] Where: ΔL is the minimum distance to ensure that there is no collision between ships, L Z is the minimum safe distance between rows, and L is the length of the ship.

[0060] Embodiment 2:

[0061] The main steps for downstream ships to achieve multiple rows of anchoring and leaving the anchorage are as follows:

[0062] Step 1: The first downstream ship turns around and sails into the first row of shore anchorages (1, 1). When the bow reaches the upstream boundary of the anchorage, it drops anchor and waits for the anchor chain to be tightened.

[0063] Step 2: The second ship going downstream turns around and sails upstream, close to the starboard side of the ship at anchor position (1, 1). When the bow reaches the upstream boundary of the anchorage, it drops anchor. When the ship drifts downward under the action of the water flow until it is flush with the ship at anchor position (1, 1), the anchor chain is tightened and the ships at anchor positions (1, 1) and (1, 2) are tied to each other. Repeat the above process until all the ships at anchor position (1, m) in the first row are docked.

[0064] Step 3: When the first row of anchorages is full, the following downstream ships turn around in safe waters and head to the second row of designated anchorages (2, 1), and repeat the anchoring steps of the first ship in the first row to complete the anchoring positioning of the second row of ships. The following incoming ships repeat the steps of the following incoming ships in the first row until the (2, m) anchorage is full;

[0065] Step 4: Repeat the above steps until all anchor positions (n, m) are full;

[0066] Step 5: When the ship leaves the berth, the first ship in the first row (1, 1) tightens the anchor chain at its anchorage position, unties the mooring cables from the surrounding ships, turns around and sails away from the anchorage waters at a slow speed; the second ship in the first row (1, 2) sails away from the anchorage waters, until the mth ship in the first row (1, m) sails away from the anchorage waters; the above process is repeated, and each row and each ship sails away from the anchorage waters in turn;

[0067] Step 6: When the anchored ships leave the anchorage row by row, and the free water distance between upstream and downstream reaches ΔL, the newly anchored ships shall be moored at the first row of anchors according to steps 1 and 2.

[0068] Step 7: Subsequent newly-anchored ships shall anchor at the second, third and nth rows of free anchorages one by one in accordance with steps 3 and 4, on the premise that the free waters are kept at a distance of not less than ΔL.

[0069] Embodiment 3:

[0070] The water area of ​​a certain inland anchorage is 900 meters long, 300 meters wide and about 60 meters deep. The length of the ship anchored in this area is 130 meters and the width is 16 meters. After many measurements and tests, it was found that the conventional swing angle θ is 3°, the total length of the chain is about 110 meters, of which the undercover length of the anchor chain is about 10 meters, the catenary parameter d is 0.6, the angle α between the anchor chain and the water surface after being approximately pulled is about 30°, and the ship's turning radius is 50 meters.

[0071] By using the present invention, a certain inland anchorage water area is divided into a number of anchorages according to the inland ship passing through the lock standard. According to the minimum distance L mentioned in the claims to ensure that the ship does not exceed the upstream boundary of the anchorage water area when anchoring C , that is, the distance the ship moves from anchoring to completion. It is calculated by the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] The safe distance between the nth row anchorage and the downstream end of the anchorage waters is L D , calculated by the following formula:

[0074]

[0075] The minimum distance between rows L Z , calculated by the following formula:

[0076] L Z =L+r=180m

[0077] The safe distance L between each row of anchorages and the shore and the anchorage waters boundary on one side of the main channel A Calculate as follows:

[0078] L A = sinθ(L+L C )=11.44m

[0079] The free water distance is the minimum distance required to ensure that no collision between ships will occur when a newly arrived ship enters the anchorage and anchors and when other ships in the anchorage leave the anchorage. It is calculated as follows:

[0080] ΔL=2L Z +L=490m

[0081] Through the above calculations, this anchorage can be divided into three rows of anchorages for 17 ships to berth. The first row of anchorages are numbered as follows: (1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3)... (1, 17); the second row of anchorages are numbered as follows: (2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3)... (2, 17); the third row of anchorages are numbered as follows: (3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3)... (3, 17).

[0082] The main steps for a ship to anchor are as follows:

[0083] Step 1: The first downstream ship turns around and sails into the first row of shore anchorages (1, 1). When the bow reaches the upstream boundary of the anchorage, it drops anchor and waits for the anchor chain to be fully tightened. The second downstream ship turns around and sails into the starboard side of the ship at anchorage (1, 1). When the bow reaches the upstream boundary of the anchorage, it drops anchor and waits for the ship to drift downward under the action of the water flow until it is flush with the ship at anchorage (1, 1). The anchor chain is fully tightened and the ships at anchorages (1, 1) and (1, 2) are tied to each other. Repeat the above process until all the ships at the first row of anchorages (1, 17) are docked.

[0084] Step 2: When the first row of anchorages is full, repeat the above process until the second row of ships is anchored;

[0085] Step 3: When the second row of anchorages is full, repeat the above process until the third row of ships is anchored;

[0086] Step 4: When all the ships in the first and second rows have left the anchorage, and the ships in the third row of anchorages have left the anchorage, the anchored ships can berth at the first row of anchorages according to step 1.

Claims

1. A multi-row anchoring method for multiple ships in an inland anchorage, characterized in that: By dividing the anchorage waters into several rows of anchorages, each row of anchorages can accommodate multiple ships at the same time, and the ships in the anchorage can dynamically adjust their departure and anchoring, so as to increase the number of ships anchoring in the anchorage; The division and numbering of anchorage positions in the anchorage waters shall be carried out according to the principle of from upstream to downstream and from the shore to the main channel side: the first anchorage in the first row close to the shore is the first anchorage, the second anchorage in the first row is the first second anchorage, and so on until the mth anchorage in the first row is the first mth anchorage; The first anchor position in the second row is the 21st anchor position, the second anchor position in the second row is the 22nd anchor position, and so on. The mth anchor position in the nth row on the downstream side of the main channel of the anchorage waters is the nmth anchor position; The safe distance between the first row of anchors and the upstream end of the anchorage waters is L C , the safe distance between the nth row anchorage and the downstream end of the anchorage waters is L D , the safety distance between the anchor rows is L Z The safe distance between each row of anchorages and the shore and the anchorage waters boundary on the main channel side is L A ; The ships in the anchorage leave the anchorage one by one from upstream to downstream, and the free water distance between the upstream and downstream of the anchorage reaches When the ship newly arrived at the anchorage is able to anchor at the first row of anchorages, the free water distance from upstream to downstream shall not be less than Under the premise of the new anchored ships can anchor and berth row by row from upstream to downstream; The safe distance between the first row of anchors and the upstream end of the anchorage waters is L C This is to ensure that the ship does not exceed the minimum distance of the upstream boundary of the anchorage waters when anchored, that is, the distance the ship moves from anchoring to completion, calculated according to the following formula (1): （1） Where: Q It is the length of anchor chain undercover when the ship is anchored. H is the anchorage water depth, d are the catenary parameters.

2. The method for anchoring multiple ships in multiple rows in an inland river anchorage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safe distance between the nth row anchor position and the downstream end of the anchorage waters is L D This is to ensure that when an anchored ship drifts due to wind and current factors, it will not exceed the minimum distance of the downstream boundary of the anchorage waters. It is calculated according to the following formula (2): （2） Where: It is the angle between the anchor chain and the water surface after being approximately straightened. H is the anchorage water depth, d are the catenary parameters.

3. The method for anchoring multiple ships in multiple rows in an inland river anchorage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safety distance between the anchor rows is L Z In order to ensure that the ship will not collide with the ships anchored in adjacent rows when entering or leaving the anchorage waters, the following formula (3) is used to calculate: L Z = L + r （3） Where: L is the length of the ship, r is the ship's turning radius.

4. The method for anchoring multiple ships in multiple rows in an inland river anchorage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safe distance between each row of anchorages and the shore and the anchorage waters boundary on the main channel side is L A Calculate according to the following formula (4): （4） Where: is the normal swing angle of the ship when anchoring, Affected by comprehensive factors such as wind speed, flow velocity, water depth and riverbed geology, it is determined through on-site testing; L is the length of the ship, L C It is the distance the ship moves from anchoring to completion.

5. The method for anchoring multiple ships in multiple rows in an inland river anchorage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distance of the free water area The minimum distance required to ensure that no collision accident occurs between ships when a newly arrived ship enters the anchorage and anchors and when other ships in the anchorage leave the anchorage is calculated according to the following formula (5): （5） Where: The minimum distance between ships to ensure that there is no collision between ships. L Z is the minimum safe distance between rows, L is the length of the ship.

6. The method for anchoring multiple ships in multiple rows in an inland river anchorage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main steps for downstream ships to achieve multiple rows of anchoring and leaving the anchorage are as follows: Step 1: The first downstream ship turns around and sails into the first anchorage on the first row of shore. When the bow reaches the upstream boundary of the anchorage, it drops anchor and waits for the anchor chain to be tightened; Step 2: The second ship going downstream turns around and sails upstream close to the starboard side of the ship at the first anchor position, drops anchor when the bow reaches the upstream boundary of the anchorage, and when the ship drifts downward under the action of the water flow until it is flush with the ship at the first anchor position, the anchor chain is tightened and the ships at the first anchor position and the first and second anchor positions are tied to each other; repeat the above process until all ships at the first m anchor positions in the first row are docked; Step 3: When the first row of anchorages is full, the following downstream ships turn around in safe waters and go to the second row of designated anchorages, and repeat the anchoring steps of the first ship in the first row to complete the anchoring positioning of the second row of ships. The subsequent ships repeat the steps of the subsequent ships in the first row until the second m anchorages are full; Step 4: Repeat the above steps until all the nm-th anchor positions are full; Step 5: When leaving the berth, the ship at the first anchor position of the first ship in the first row tightens the anchor chain, unties the mooring cables with the surrounding ships, turns around and sails away from the anchorage waters at a slow speed; the ship at the first second anchor position of the second ship in the first row sails away from the anchorage waters, until the ship at the first 1m anchor position of the mth ship in the first row sails away from the anchorage waters; repeat the above process, and leave the anchorage waters row by row and ship by ship in turn; Step 6: When the anchored ships leave the anchorage one by one and the distance of free water between upstream and downstream reaches When the new anchored ships arrive, they shall be moored at the first row of anchorages according to steps 1 and 2 one by one; Step 7: Newly anchored ships should maintain a clear water area at a distance of not less than On the premise of this, follow steps 3 and 4 to moor the remaining anchorages in the second, third and nth rows one by one.

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