Anchor shear test device and anchor shear test method

Abstract

The present invention provides an anchor shear test device and an anchor shear test method, wherein the anchor shear test device comprises: a first fixed frame; a plurality of first jacks; a second fixed frame; a plurality of second jacks; a third jack, arranged between the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame, a fourth jack, movably arranged relative to the first fixed frame, when the fourth jack is located at the test position, a third clamping space is formed between the abutting top of the third jack and the abutting top of the fourth jack; a first test block, located in the first clamping space; a second test block, located in the second clamping space; a third test block, located in the third clamping space, wherein the first test block, the second test block and the third test block are all provided with a first through hole that is interference fit with the anchor rod or the anchor cable. The technical solution of the present application effectively solves the problem of unclear stress conditions of the anchor rod or the anchor cable under shear stress in the related art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mining engineering, and in particular to an anchor shear test device and an anchor shear test method. Background Art

[0002] Coal-bearing strata are typical layered features. Due to the existence of structural planes such as bedding and weak interlayers, cracks appear in the originally intact rock strata, and the continuity of the rock strata is interrupted. After the tunnel is excavated, the roof is easy to separate from the layer. After the tunnel is excavated, the layered roof not only sinks and deforms in the vertical direction, but also has shear displacement in the horizontal direction. The anchor rods or anchor cables arranged in the tunnel roof are subjected to tension and shear forces at the same time.

[0003] However, the anchor rods or anchor cables of the related art are not subjected to clear stress conditions under the shear stress, which may lead to potential safety hazards when the anchor rods or anchor cables are used. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an anchor shear test device and an anchor shear test method to solve the problem in the related art that the stress condition of the anchor rod or anchor cable under the action of shear stress is unclear.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an anchor shear test device, comprising: a first fixed frame, the interior of the first fixed frame having a first frame opening; a plurality of first jacks, which are arranged in the first fixed frame at intervals along the circumference of the first fixed frame, the abutting tops of the plurality of first jacks are located in the first frame opening, and a first clamping space is formed; a second fixed frame, the second fixed frame is arranged in a front-to-back direction at intervals from the first fixed frame, the interior of the second fixed frame having a second frame opening; a plurality of second jacks, which are arranged in the second fixed frame at intervals along the circumference of the second fixed frame, the abutting tops of the plurality of second jacks are located in the second frame opening, and a second clamping space is formed; a third The jack is arranged between the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame, the abutment top of the third jack is arranged vertically downward, the fourth jack is movably arranged relative to the first fixed frame, and has a test position located between the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame and opposite to the third jack, when the fourth jack is located at the test position, a third clamping space is formed between the abutment top of the third jack and the abutment top of the fourth jack; the first test block is located in the first clamping space; the second test block is located in the second clamping space; the third test block is located in the third clamping space, wherein the first test block, the second test block and the third test block are all provided with a first through hole which is interference fit with the anchor rod or the anchor cable.

[0006] Furthermore, the third test block includes a concrete block and a surrounding plate arranged outside the concrete block along the circumference of the concrete block, the concrete block is provided with a first avoidance hole, and the surrounding plate is provided with a second avoidance hole corresponding to the first avoidance hole, and the first avoidance hole and the second avoidance hole together form a first through hole of the third test block.

[0007] Furthermore, the anchor shear test device also includes a cover plate covering the top of the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame, the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame are both adjustably connected relative to the cover plate, and the third jack is fixed to the cover plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the anchor shear test device also includes a plurality of first support wheels arranged at the bottom of the first fixed frame and a plurality of second support wheels arranged at the bottom of the second fixed frame; the anchor shear test device also includes a first telescopic cylinder supported at the bottom of the first fixed frame and a second telescopic cylinder supported at the bottom of the second fixed frame, when the first telescopic cylinder is extended, the first support wheel has a first distance from the ground, and when the second telescopic cylinder is extended, the second support wheel has a second distance from the ground; when the first telescopic cylinder is retracted, the first support wheel contacts the ground, and when the second telescopic cylinder is retracted, the second support wheel contacts the ground.

[0009] Furthermore, the anchor shear test device also includes a first slide rail and a second slide rail arranged in parallel. When the first telescopic cylinder is retracted, a portion of the multiple first support wheels is slidably arranged along the first slide rail, another portion of the multiple first support wheels is slidably arranged along the second slide rail, a portion of the multiple second support wheels is slidably arranged along the first slide rail, and another portion of the multiple second support wheels is slidably arranged along the second slide rail.

[0010] Furthermore, the anchor shear test device also includes a plurality of third support wheels arranged at the bottom of the fourth jack, and the anchor shear test device also includes a third slide rail and a fourth slide rail arranged in parallel, the extension direction of the third slide rail is perpendicular to the front and rear direction of the second fixed frame, a part of the plurality of third support wheels is slidably arranged along the third slide rail, and another part of the plurality of third support wheels is slidably arranged along the fourth slide rail, and the fourth jack also has an avoidance position moved from between the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame to outside the first fixed frame.

[0011] Furthermore, a first adjusting rod is provided on a side of the first fixing frame facing the second fixing frame, a second adjusting rod is provided on a side of the second fixing frame facing the first fixing frame, and the first adjusting rod and the second adjusting rod are connected in an adjustably positionable manner.

[0012] Furthermore, the first test block, the second test block and the third test block are in contact with each other or are spaced apart; the anchor shear test device also includes a first mechanical sensor and a second mechanical sensor which are sleeved on both ends of the anchor rod or the anchor cable; the multiple first jacks are multiple first intelligent tensioning jacks, the multiple second jacks are multiple second intelligent tensioning jacks, the third jack is a third intelligent tensioning jack, and the fourth jack is a fourth intelligent tensioning jack; the anchor shear test device also includes a tensioning instrument and a stress and strain collector, the tensioning instrument detects the tensioning preload of the anchor rod or the anchor cable, and the first mechanical sensor, the second mechanical sensor, each first intelligent tensioning jack, each second intelligent tensioning jack, the third intelligent tensioning jack and the fourth intelligent tensioning jack are all connected to the stress and strain collector.

[0013] Furthermore, the anchor shear test device also includes a first baffle fixed to the side of the first fixed frame away from the second fixed frame and a second baffle fixed to the side of the second fixed frame away from the first fixed frame, the first mechanical sensor is located on the side of the first baffle away from the first fixed frame, and the second mechanical sensor is located on the side of the second baffle away from the second fixed frame, and the first baffle and the second baffle are both provided with a second through hole that matches the gap of the anchor rod or anchor cable.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an anchor shear test method, which is implemented by the above-mentioned anchor shear test device, and the anchor shear test method comprises the following steps: fixing a first test block, a second test block and a third test block so that the multiple test blocks are located on the same axis; passing an anchor rod or an anchor cable through the first through hole of the first test block, the first through hole of the second test block and the first through hole of the third test block in sequence; installing a first mechanical sensor and a second mechanical sensor at both ends of the anchor rod or the anchor cable; tensioning and pre-tightening the anchor rod or the anchor cable; applying a vertical force to the third test block; and obtaining the displacement of the third test block and the magnitude of the shear stress on the corresponding part of the anchor rod or the part of the anchor cable.

[0015] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, the anchor shear test device includes: a first fixed frame, a plurality of first jacks, a second fixed frame, a plurality of second jacks, a third jack, a fourth jack, a first test block, a second test block and a third test block. The first fixed frame has a first frame opening inside. A plurality of first jacks are arranged in the first fixed frame at intervals along the circumference of the first fixed frame, and the abutting tops of the plurality of first jacks are located in the first frame opening and surround a first clamping space. The second fixed frame is arranged at intervals with the first fixed frame along the front-back direction. The second fixed frame has a second frame opening inside. A plurality of second jacks are arranged in the second fixed frame at intervals along the circumference of the second fixed frame. The abutting tops of the plurality of second jacks are located in the second frame opening and surround a second clamping space. The third jack is arranged between the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame. The abutting top of the third jack is arranged vertically downward. The fourth jack is movably arranged relative to the first fixed frame, and has a test position located between the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame and opposite to the third jack. When the fourth jack is located at the test position, a third clamping space is formed between the abutting top of the third jack and the abutting top of the fourth jack. The first test block is located in the first clamping space. The second test block is located in the second clamping space. The third test block is located in the third clamping space. In the present application, the first test block, the second test block and the third test block are all provided with a first through hole that is interference fit with the anchor rod or anchor cable. The first test block is pressurized by the abutting tops of the multiple first jacks, so that the first test block located in the first clamping space is fixed by the multiple first jacks. The second test block is pressurized by the abutting tops of the multiple second jacks, so that the second test block located in the second clamping space is fixed by the multiple second jacks. The third test block is pressurized by the abutting tops of the third jack and the abutting tops of the fourth jack, so that the third test block located in the third clamping space is fixed by the third jack and the fourth jack, and it is convenient to pass the anchor rod or anchor cable through the first through hole on the first test block, the second test block and the third test block. After the first test block, the second test block and the third test block are completely fixed, when the third jack continues to pressurize the third test block, in order to leave enough deformation space under the third test block, the abutment of the fourth jack retracts. The first test block and the second test block are continuously pressurized, so as to apply confining pressure to the first test block and the second test block. Multiple first jacks and multiple second jacks can be connected to the stress strain acquisition instrument, and the size of the confining pressure applied can be controlled by observing the data collected by the stress strain acquisition instrument. At the same time, the third jack can be connected to the stress strain acquisition instrument to detect the stress applied by the abutment of the third jack and the distance extended downward by the abutment of the third jack during the shear test of the anchor member, and then the displacement of the third test block and the corresponding shear stress at two positions (the contact position between the third test block and the two ends of the anchor or the anchor) of the anchor rod or the anchor cable under the shear stress can be obtained, which is conducive to clearly judging the stress condition of the anchor rod or the anchor cable.Therefore, the technical solution of the present application can solve the problem in the related art that the stress conditions of anchor rods or anchor cables under shear stress are unclear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 It shows a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of an anchor shear test device according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the anchor shear test device after the first baffle and the second baffle are removed;

[0019] Figure 3 Shows Figure 2 A schematic side view of an anchor shear test apparatus;

[0020] Figure 4 Shows Figure 2 A schematic front view of an anchor shear test device;

[0021] Figure 5 Shows Figure 1 A schematic front view of a first fixing frame and a second fixing frame of an anchor shear test device;

[0022] Figure 6 Shows Figure 1 A schematic front view of the anchor shear test device after the anchor rod passes through the first test block, the second test block and the third test block;

[0023] Figure 7 Shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the anchor shear test device after the anchor rod passes through the first test block, the second test block and the third test block;

[0024] Figure 8 Shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cover plate and the third jack of the anchor shear test device;

[0025] Fig. 9 Shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure in which multiple third support wheels under the third jack of the anchor shear test device slide onto the third slide rail and the fourth slide rail.

[0026] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0027] 11. First fixed frame; 12. First jack; 13. Cover plate; 14. First supporting wheel; 15. First adjusting rod; 16. First baffle; 21. Second fixed frame; 22. Second jack; 23. Second supporting wheel; 24. Second adjusting rod; 25. Second baffle; 31. Third jack; 32. Fourth jack; 33. Third supporting wheel; 41. First test block; 42. Second test block; 43. Third test block; 431. Concrete block; 432. Enclosure; 51. Anchor rod; 52. First mechanical sensor; 53. Second mechanical sensor; 61. First slide rail; 62. Second slide rail; 63. Third slide rail; 64. Fourth slide rail; 65. Ground; 71. First telescopic cylinder; 72. Second telescopic cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0030] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, methods and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, methods and equipment should be regarded as a part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, the anchor shear test device of this embodiment includes: a first fixed frame 11, a plurality of first jacks 12, a second fixed frame 21, a plurality of second jacks 22, a third jack 31, a fourth jack 32, a first test block 41, a second test block 42 and a third test block 43. The first fixed frame 11 has a first frame opening inside. The plurality of first jacks 12 are arranged in the first fixed frame 11 at intervals along the circumference of the first fixed frame 11, and the abutting tops of the plurality of first jacks 12 are located in the first frame opening and surround a first clamping space. The second fixed frame 21 is arranged at intervals from the first fixed frame 11 along the front-to-back direction. The second fixed frame 21 has a second frame opening inside. The plurality of second jacks 22 are arranged in the second fixed frame 21 at intervals along the circumference of the second fixed frame 21. The abutting tops of the plurality of second jacks 22 are located in the second frame opening and surround a second clamping space. The third jack 31 is arranged between the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21. The abutment top of the third jack 31 is arranged vertically downward. The fourth jack 32 is movably arranged relative to the first fixed frame 11, and has a test position located between the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21 and opposite to the third jack 31. When the fourth jack 32 is located at the test position, a third clamping space is formed between the abutment top of the third jack 31 and the abutment top of the fourth jack 32. The first test block 41 is located in the first clamping space. The second test block 42 is located in the second clamping space. The third test block 43 is located in the third clamping space. In this embodiment, the first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43 are all provided with a first through hole that is interference-fitted with the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable, so that the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable is tightly attached to the first through hole of the first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of the data obtained by the shear test device of the anchor member during the shear test process.

[0032] By applying the technical solution of this embodiment, the anchor shear test device includes: a first fixing frame 11, a plurality of first jacks 12, a second fixing frame 21, a plurality of second jacks 22, a third jack 31, a fourth jack 32, a first test block 41, a second test block 42 and a third test block 43. The first test block 41 is pressurized by the abutting tops of the plurality of first jacks 12, so that the first test block 41 located in the first clamping space is fixed by the plurality of first jacks 12. The second test block 42 is pressurized by the abutting tops of the plurality of second jacks 22, so that the second test block 42 located in the second clamping space is fixed by the plurality of second jacks 22. The third test block 43 is pressurized by the abutting top of the third jack 31 and the abutting top of the fourth jack 32, so that the third test block 43 located in the third clamping space is fixed by the third jack 31 and the fourth jack 32, and it is convenient to pass the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable through the first through hole on the first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43. After the first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43 are completely fixed, when the third jack 31 continues to pressurize the third test block 43, in order to leave enough deformation space under the third test block 43, the abutting top of the fourth jack 32 is retracted. The first test block 41 and the second test block 42 are continuously pressurized, so as to apply confining pressure to the first test block 41 and the second test block 42. Multiple first jacks 12 and multiple second jacks 22 can be connected to the stress strain acquisition instrument, and the size of the confining pressure applied can be controlled by observing the data collected by the stress strain acquisition instrument. At the same time, the third jack 31 can be connected to the stress-strain acquisition instrument to detect the stress applied by the top of the third jack 31 and the distance the top of the third jack 31 extends downward during the shear test of the anchor. Then, under the shear stress, the displacement of the third test block 43 and the corresponding shear stress at two positions (the contact positions between the third test block 43 and the two ends of the anchor 51 or the anchor) of the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable can be obtained, which is conducive to clearly judging the stress condition of the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable. Therefore, the technical solution of this embodiment can solve the problem of unclear stress condition of the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable under shear stress in the related art.

[0033] It should be noted that the anchoring member of the present application is an anchor rod 51 or an anchor cable. The first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43 are all concrete structures.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, the third test block 43 includes a concrete block 431 and a circumferentially arranged outer panel 432 of the concrete block 431. The abutting top of the fourth jack 32 is retracted. Since the abutting top of the third jack 31 presses the third test block 43 downward, only the upper side of the third test block 43 is stressed. The circumferential panel 432 can protect the integrity of the concrete block 431 and prevent it from breaking. In order for the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable to pass through the third test block 43, a first avoidance hole is provided on the concrete block 431, and a second avoidance hole corresponding to the first avoidance hole is provided on the circumferential panel 432. The first avoidance hole and the second avoidance hole together form the first through hole of the third test block 43.

[0035] Preferably, the enclosure 432 is formed by splicing four steel plates.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the anchor shear test device also includes a cover plate 13 covering the top of the first fixing frame 11 and the second fixing frame 21. In order to facilitate the adjustment of the fixed position of the first fixing frame 11 and the second fixing frame 21 on the cover plate 13, the first fixing frame 11 and the second fixing frame 21 are both adjustably connected relative to the cover plate 13. In order to facilitate the fixing of the third jack 31, the third jack 31 is fixed to the cover plate 13. Specifically, a plurality of first screw holes and a plurality of second screw holes are arranged at intervals on the cover plate 13, and the plurality of first screw holes and the plurality of second screw holes are located on both sides of the third jack 31. The first fixing frame 11 is provided with a first bolt fixedly connected to one of the plurality of first screw holes, so that the first bolt can be selectively fixedly connected to the corresponding first screw hole. The first fixing frame 11 is provided with a second bolt fixedly connected to one of the plurality of second screw holes, so that the second bolt can be selectively fixedly connected to the corresponding second screw hole. After the first fixing frame 11 and the second fixing frame 21 are adjusted to the predetermined positions, the first bolts are fixed in the corresponding first screw holes, and the second bolts are fixed in the corresponding second screw holes, so as to fix the first fixing frame 11 and the second fixing frame 21 on the cover plate 13. At this time, the third jack 31 applies pressure to the third test block 43, and under the premise that the first test block 41 and the second test block 42 are fixed, the third test block 43 slides downward, and produces a shearing effect on the anchor cable or anchor rod 51.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the anchor shear test device also includes a plurality of first support wheels 14 arranged at the bottom of the first fixed frame 11 and a plurality of second support wheels 23 arranged at the bottom of the second fixed frame 21. The anchor shear test device also includes a first telescopic cylinder 71 supported at the bottom of the first fixed frame 11 and a second telescopic cylinder 72 supported at the bottom of the second fixed frame 21. When the first telescopic cylinder 71 is extended, the first support wheel 14 has a first distance from the ground 65, and when the second telescopic cylinder 72 is extended, the second support wheel 23 has a second distance from the ground 65. In this way, when the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21 are adjusted to the predetermined position, the plurality of first support wheels 14 and the plurality of second support wheels 23 do not interfere with the ground 65, and the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21 are fixed, which is convenient for the interference fit between the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable and the first through hole and the third jack 31 to apply pressure to the third test block 43. When the first telescopic cylinder 71 is retracted, the first support wheel 14 contacts the ground 65, and when the second telescopic cylinder 72 is retracted, the second support wheel 23 contacts the ground 65. In this way, the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21 are convenient to move on the ground 65.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in order to facilitate the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21 to quickly move to the predetermined position according to the predetermined moving track, the anchor shear test device also includes a first slide rail 61 and a second slide rail 62 arranged in parallel. When the first telescopic cylinder 71 and the second telescopic cylinder 72 are retracted, a part of the plurality of first support wheels 14 is slidably arranged along the first slide rail 61, another part of the plurality of first support wheels 14 is slidably arranged along the second slide rail 62, a part of the plurality of second support wheels 23 is slidably arranged along the first slide rail 61, and another part of the plurality of second support wheels 23 is slidably arranged along the second slide rail 62.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 5 and Fig. 9As shown, the anchor shear test device also includes a plurality of third support wheels 33 arranged at the bottom of the fourth jack 32, and the anchor shear test device also includes a third slide rail 63 and a fourth slide rail 64 arranged in parallel, the extension direction of the third slide rail 63 is perpendicular to the front-rear direction of the second fixed frame 21, a part of the plurality of third support wheels 33 is slidably arranged along the third slide rail 63, and another part of the plurality of third support wheels 33 is slidably arranged along the fourth slide rail 64, and the fourth jack 32 also has an escape position that moves out from between the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21 to the outside of the first fixed frame 11. In this way, before the anchor cable or anchor rod 51 is pressurized and fixed, the plurality of third support wheels 33 on the fourth jack 32 quickly move along the third slide rail 63 and the fourth slide rail 64 to the bottom of the third test block 43, and the abutment top of the fourth jack 32 rises to adjust the height of the third test block 43. When the anchor cable or anchor rod 51 is interference fit with the first through hole of the third test block 43, the top of the fourth jack 32 retracts, and the fourth jack 32 moves to the avoidance position along the third slide rail 63 and the fourth slide rail 64, ensuring that when the top of the third jack 31 vertically squeezes the third test block 43 downward, there is no object under the third test block 43 to cause obstruction, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the shear test.

[0040] Of course, in an embodiment not shown in the figure, a wireless receiver is installed on the third jack, and the remote control cooperates with the wireless receiver to enable the third jack to be moved out of the test range of the anchor shear test device, ensuring that there is no obstruction under the third test block when the third test block is squeezed downward.

[0041] In this embodiment, in order to make the first test block evenly stressed, the top of each first jack has a first pressure plate, so that when the top of each first jack squeezes the first test block, the first pressure plate can be matched with the first test block surface to surface. In order to make the second test block evenly stressed, the top of each second jack has a second pressure plate, so that when the top of each second jack squeezes the second test block, the second pressure plate can be matched with the second test block surface to surface. In order to make the third test block evenly stressed, the top of the third jack has a third pressure plate and the top of the fourth jack has a fourth pressure plate. In this way, when the top of the third jack and the top of the fourth jack squeeze the third test block, the third pressure plate and the fourth pressure plate can be matched with the third test block surface to surface.

[0042] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, a first adjusting rod 15 is provided on the side of the first fixed frame 11 facing the second fixed frame 21, and a second adjusting rod 24 is provided on the side of the second fixed frame 21 facing the first fixed frame 11. Since the sizes of the first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43 are variable, the fixed positions of the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21 need to be adjusted according to the test conditions, and the first adjusting rod 15 and the second adjusting rod 24 are connected in an adjustable manner. The connection between the first adjusting rod 15 and the second adjusting rod 24 can improve the connection strength of the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21, greatly reduce the deformation of the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21, and improve the accuracy of the data obtained during the shear test of the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable.

[0043] Specifically, the first adjustment rod 15 is a hollow rod, and the second adjustment rod 24 is a solid rod extending into the hollow rod. The first adjustment rod 15 has a plurality of third screw holes arranged at intervals, and the second adjustment rod 24 is provided with a third bolt fixedly connected to one of the plurality of third screw holes, so that the third bolt can be selectively fixedly connected to the corresponding third screw hole, so that the first adjustment rod 15 and the second adjustment rod 24 can be connected in an adjustable position. The first slide rail 61, the second slide rail 62, the third slide rail 63 and the fourth slide rail 64 are all arranged on the ground 65.

[0044] The inventors found that due to the layered characteristics of coal-bearing strata, the presence of bedding and weak interlayers may cause the separation of rock strata of different properties during the movement of underground rock masses. When the anchor rod 51 or anchor cable is located in two separated rock strata, there will be an empty section where the metal body of the anchor rod 51 and anchor cable does not contact the rock strata. In order to simulate the actual situation of rock strata separation and non-separation, the first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43 of this embodiment are contact-matched or spaced apart. In this way, the two situations can distinguish the two states of rock strata separation and non-separation in the actual situation.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the anchor shear test device also includes a first mechanical sensor 52 and a second mechanical sensor 53 which are sleeved on both ends of the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable; the multiple first jacks 12 are multiple first intelligent tensioning jacks, the multiple second jacks 22 are multiple second intelligent tensioning jacks, the third jack 31 is a third intelligent tensioning jack, and the fourth jack 32 is a fourth intelligent tensioning jack; the anchor shear test device also includes a tensioning instrument and a stress and strain collector, the tensioning instrument detects the tensioning preload of the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable, and the first mechanical sensor 52, the second mechanical sensor 53, each first intelligent tensioning jack, each second intelligent tensioning jack, the third intelligent tensioning jack and the fourth intelligent tensioning jack are all connected to the stress and strain collector. In this way, the stress-strain collector can obtain stress data applied by the third jack 31 above the third test block 43 , the displacement of the third jack 31 above the third test block 43 , and stress data collected by the first mechanical sensor 52 and the second mechanical sensor 53 .

[0046] The first intelligent tensioning jack, the second intelligent tensioning jack, the third intelligent tensioning jack and the fourth intelligent tensioning jack can be intelligent tensioning jacks of model ZT-SKYB-50-2 or ZT-SKYB-50-4 produced by Shaanxi Zhongtuo Mining Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the anchor shear test device also includes a first baffle 16 fixed to the side of the first fixed frame 11 away from the second fixed frame 21 and a second baffle 25 fixed to the side of the second fixed frame 21 away from the first fixed frame 11, the first mechanical sensor 52 is located on the side of the first baffle 16 away from the first fixed frame 11, the second mechanical sensor 53 is located on the side of the second baffle 25 away from the second fixed frame 21, and the first baffle 16 and the second baffle 25 are both provided with a second through hole that matches the gap of the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable. When the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable is tensioned and pre-tightened, the first mechanical sensor 52 does not directly act on the first test block 41, but acts on the first baffle 16, and the second mechanical sensor 53 does not directly act on the second test block 42, but acts on the second baffle 25, so that the first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43 can be prevented from being tightly attached together, so that a certain gap can be retained between the contact surfaces to simulate the gap generated by the separation between different rock layers in the real rock layer movement. When the third jack 31 presses the third test block 43 downward, there is no friction between the first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43, so a pure shear test of the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable can be implemented to obtain more accurate test data.

[0048] In addition, when the shear test is performed on the first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43 which are spaced apart from each other, the tension preload force of the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable acts on the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21 instead of the first test block 41 and the second test block 42, and the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21 themselves need to have sufficient rigidity to support the preload force. In order to improve the ability of the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21 to resist deformation, the first adjustment rod 15 and the second adjustment rod 24 can be connected in an adjustable position to fix the first fixed frame 11 and the second fixed frame 21 together, so that during the shear test, the entire anchor shear test device will be more stable.

[0049] Specifically, the first mechanical sensor 52 and the second mechanical sensor 53 are both sensors with a first through hole, and the size of the first through hole is a customized size, which matches the outer diameter of the anchor cable of the anchor rod 51 required for the test. Each sensor with a first through hole has a steel plate with a second through hole at both ends, and the second through hole allows the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable to pass through. The first mechanical sensor 52 and the second mechanical sensor 53 do not need to be fixed, because an anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable is placed behind the steel plate located outside the first mechanical sensor 52 and the second mechanical sensor 53. The anchor cable lock is a commonly used lock for coal mine anchor rods 51 or anchor cables, and contains an inverted cone lock core. When the lock is locked using a tensioning device, the inverted cone lock core inside will prevent the lock from moving, thereby achieving pre-tensioning of the anchor rod 51 or anchor cable and fixing the lock and the first mechanical sensor 52 and the second mechanical sensor 53. The first mechanical sensor 52 and the second mechanical sensor 53 do not need to be fixed themselves. After being locked by the lock, the first mechanical sensor 52 and the second mechanical sensor 53 are sandwiched between two steel plates to achieve fixation.

[0050] Thus, the anchor shear test device of this embodiment is a complete set of shear test equipment, which uses machinery to replace manual operation for full automatic operation, which can reduce the danger. It also has the following advantages:

[0051] Standardize the model and size of parts of shearing equipment, reduce the requirements for test conditions, and shorten the test preparation time; the shearing test equipment can realize single-position shearing and two-position shearing tests at the same time; the test conditions are diversified, and the sizes of the first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43 can be arbitrarily changed by moving the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame on both sides. A set of shearing test equipment can realize tests with various specimen sizes and various test conditions.

[0052] The present application also provides a shear test method for an anchor member, such as Figures 1 to 5As shown, the anchor shear test method of this embodiment is implemented by the above-mentioned anchor shear test device, and the anchor shear test method includes the following steps: fix the first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43 so that the multiple test blocks are located on the same axis; pass the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable through the first through hole of the first test block 41, the first through hole of the second test block 42 and the first through hole of the third test block 43 in sequence; install the first mechanical sensor 52 and the second mechanical sensor 53 at both ends of the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable; tension and pre-tighten the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable; apply a vertical force to the third test block 43; obtain the displacement of the third test block 43 and the magnitude of the shear stress on the corresponding part of the anchor rod 51 or the part of the anchor cable. Since the above-mentioned anchor shear test device can solve the problem of unclear stress conditions of the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable under the action of shear stress in the related art, the anchor shear test method implemented by the above-mentioned anchor shear test device can also solve the same technical problem. Finally, through the anchor shear test method, three groups of test data applied by the first test block 41, the second test block 42 and the third test block 43 to the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable are analyzed respectively, and the stress-strain curve, the maximum shear force and the maximum shear displacement of the anchor rod 51 or the anchor cable are obtained under different concrete strengths, different anchor rod 51 or anchor cable types, different preload forces and different confining pressure conditions (only one of the variables is changed each time).

[0053] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0054] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0055] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchor shear test device, characterized in that: include: A first fixing frame (11), wherein the interior of the first fixing frame (11) has a first frame opening; Four first jacks (12) are arranged on the first fixed frame (11) at intervals along the circumference of the first fixed frame (11), and the abutting tops of the plurality of first jacks (12) are located in the first frame opening and enclose a first clamping space; a second fixing frame (21), the second fixing frame (21) being spaced apart from the first fixing frame (11) along the front-rear direction, and the second fixing frame (21) having a second frame opening inside; Four second jacks (22) are arranged on the second fixing frame (21) at intervals along the circumference of the second fixing frame (21), and the abutting tops of the plurality of second jacks (22) are located in the second frame opening to enclose a second clamping space; The third jack (31) is arranged between the first fixing frame (11) and the second fixing frame (21), and the abutting top of the third jack (31) is arranged vertically downward. a fourth jack (32) movably arranged relative to the first fixing frame (11) and having a test position located between the first fixing frame (11) and the second fixing frame (21) and opposite to the third jack (31); when the fourth jack (32) is located at the test position, a third clamping space is formed between an abutting top portion of the third jack (31) and an abutting top portion of the fourth jack (32); A first test block (41) is located in the first clamping space; A second test block (42) is located in the second clamping space; A third test block (43) is located in the third clamping space, wherein the first test block (41), the second test block (42) and the third test block (43) are all provided with a first through hole which is interference-fitted with the anchor rod (51) or the anchor cable; The first test block (41), the second test block (42) and the third test block (43) can be fixed by the four first jacks (12), the four second jacks (22), the third jack (31) and the fourth jack (32); after the first test block (41), the second test block (42) and the third test block (43) are fixed, when the third jack (31) continues to pressurize the third test block (43), the abutting part of the fourth jack (32) retracts, and at this time, the four first jacks (12) and the four second jacks (22) continue to pressurize the first test block (41) and the second test block (42) to apply confining pressure to the first test block (41) and the second test block (42); The anchor shear test device further comprises a cover plate (13) covering the top of the first fixing frame (11) and the second fixing frame (21); the first fixing frame (11) and the second fixing frame (21) are both connected to the cover plate (13) in an adjustable manner; and the third jack (31) is fixed to the cover plate (13).

2. The anchor shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third test block (43) comprises a concrete block (431) and a surrounding plate (432) arranged outside the concrete block (431) along the circumference of the concrete block (431); the concrete block (431) is provided with a first avoidance hole; the surrounding plate (432) is provided with a second avoidance hole corresponding to the first avoidance hole; the first avoidance hole and the second avoidance hole together form the first through hole of the third test block (43).

3. The anchor shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor shear test device further comprises a plurality of first support wheels (14) arranged at the bottom of the first fixing frame (11) and a plurality of second support wheels (23) arranged at the bottom of the second fixing frame (21); The anchor shear test device also includes a first telescopic cylinder (71) supported at the bottom of the first fixed frame (11) and a second telescopic cylinder (72) supported at the bottom of the second fixed frame (21); when the first telescopic cylinder (71) is extended, the first support wheel (14) has a first distance from the ground (65), and when the second telescopic cylinder (72) is extended, the second support wheel (23) has a second distance from the ground (65); when the first telescopic cylinder (71) is retracted, the first support wheel (14) contacts the ground (65), and when the second telescopic cylinder (72) is retracted, the second support wheel (23) contacts the ground (65).

4. The anchor shear test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anchor shear test device further comprises a first slide rail (61) and a second slide rail (62) which are arranged in parallel. When the first telescopic cylinder (71) is retracted and the second telescopic cylinder (72) is retracted, a portion of the plurality of first support wheels (14) is slidably arranged along the first slide rail (61), another portion of the plurality of first support wheels (14) is slidably arranged along the second slide rail (62), a portion of the plurality of second support wheels (23) is slidably arranged along the first slide rail (61), and another portion of the plurality of second support wheels (23) is slidably arranged along the second slide rail (62).

5. The anchor shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor shear test device also includes a plurality of third support wheels (33) arranged at the bottom of the fourth jack (32), and the anchor shear test device also includes a third slide rail (63) and a fourth slide rail (64) arranged in parallel, wherein the extension direction of the third slide rail (63) is perpendicular to the front-rear direction of the second fixed frame (21), a part of the plurality of third support wheels (33) is slidably arranged along the third slide rail (63), and another part of the plurality of third support wheels (33) is slidably arranged along the fourth slide rail (64), and the fourth jack (32) also has an escape position moved from between the first fixed frame (11) and the second fixed frame (21) to outside the first fixed frame (11).

6. The anchor shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first adjusting rod (15) is provided on a side of the first fixing frame (11) facing the second fixing frame (21), and a second adjusting rod (24) is provided on a side of the second fixing frame (21) facing the first fixing frame (11); the first adjusting rod (15) and the second adjusting rod (24) are connected in an adjustable manner.

7. The anchor shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first test block (41), the second test block (42) and the third test block (43) are in contact with each other or are arranged at intervals; The anchor shear test device further comprises a first mechanical sensor (52) and a second mechanical sensor (53) which are sleeved on both ends of the anchor rod (51) or the anchor cable; The plurality of the first jacks (12) are a plurality of first intelligent tensioning jacks, the plurality of the second jacks (22) are a plurality of second intelligent tensioning jacks, the third jack (31) is a third intelligent tensioning jack, and the fourth jack (32) is a fourth intelligent tensioning jack; The anchor shear test device also includes a tensioning instrument and a stress-strain collector. The tensioning instrument detects the tensioning preload of the anchor rod (51) or the anchor cable. The first mechanical sensor (52), the second mechanical sensor (53), each first intelligent tensioning jack, each second intelligent tensioning jack, the third intelligent tensioning jack and the fourth intelligent tensioning jack are all connected to the stress-strain collector.

8. The anchor shear test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The anchor shear test device further comprises a first baffle (16) fixed to a side of the first fixing frame (11) away from the second fixing frame (21) and a second baffle (25) fixed to a side of the second fixing frame (21) away from the first fixing frame (11); the first mechanical sensor (52) is located on a side of the first baffle (16) away from the first fixing frame (11); the second mechanical sensor (53) is located on a side of the second baffle (25) away from the second fixing frame (21); and the first baffle (16) and the second baffle (25) are both provided with a second through hole that is gap-matched with the anchor rod (51) or the anchor cable.

9. A method for shear testing an anchor, characterized in that: The anchor shear test method is realized by the anchor shear test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the anchor shear test method comprises the following steps: The first test block (41), the second test block (42) and the third test block (43) are fixed so that the plurality of test blocks are located on the same axis; Passing the anchor rod (51) or the anchor cable through the first through hole of the first test block (41), the first through hole of the second test block (42), and the first through hole of the third test block (43) in sequence; A first mechanical sensor (52) and a second mechanical sensor (53) are installed at both ends of the anchor rod (51) or the anchor cable; Pre-tensioning the anchor rod (51) or the anchor cable; Applying a vertical force to the third test block (43); The displacement of the third test block (43) and the magnitude of the shear stress on the corresponding part of the anchor rod (51) or part of the anchor cable are obtained.

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