An array type ultrasonic track bed debonding automatic detection vehicle and detection method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an array type ultrasonic ballast bed debonding automatic detection vehicle and detection method, the detection vehicle comprises: a trolley body, comprising a main frame located at the upper layer, and a bottom plate located below the main frame; two sets of vertical force applying mechanisms, respectively arranged on both sides of the main frame, each set of vertical force applying mechanisms comprises: a frame body, fixedly mounted on the main frame; a power unit, arranged on the frame body, and having a driving shaft arranged vertically downward, the power unit can drive the driving shaft to reciprocate in the vertical direction; a stress hammer, fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the driving shaft, driven by the power unit, the stress hammer drives the main frame to apply instantaneous vertical stress to the bottom plate by striking the upper surface of the main frame; a damping spring mechanism, and a plurality of contact imaging sensors, arranged at the bottom of the main frame and arranged in a matrix. The disclosure of the present invention can flexibly and effectively evaluate the integrity of the ballast bed structure, locate the ballast bed debonding area, and facilitate ballast bed monitoring and management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rail transit roadbed disease treatment, and more specifically to an array-type ultrasonic roadbed debonding automatic detection vehicle and a detection method. Background Art

[0002] With the increase in the mileage of urban rail transit, the safe operation of shield tunnels has become increasingly complex. Among them, in water-rich areas, the ballast bed is a common problem. Its formation mechanism is: due to long-term vibration of the train, hydrogeological conditions, construction quality and surrounding environmental conditions, the local ballast bed and the lower part of the shield tunnel are peeled off; due to the existence of a large amount of groundwater in underground engineering construction, under the long-term vibration of the train, the leaking groundwater causes the ballast bed and the lower concrete of the shield tunnel to grind into mud and precipitate fine sand; when the train passes, the mud and fine sand overflow from different cracks in the ballast bed, resulting in mud and mud, which leads to the overall delamination of the ballast bed.

[0003] When the ballast area is hollowed out, the erosion of the ballast by groundwater will be further aggravated. At the same time, under the repeated action of train loads, the local ballast hollowing will gradually develop into the whole ballast hollowing. Finally, the track structure will be deformed or settled due to the suspension of the ballast, which will cause great harm to the normal operation of the train. At present, the detection methods for ballast hollowing are mainly divided into destructive monitoring and non-destructive testing.

[0004] Destructive testing uses drilling sampling to determine the amount of voids in the ballast layer. It is a quantitative test of the ballast layer and will cause damage to the track structure.

[0005] Non-destructive testing is mainly based on geological radar scanning, which is mostly qualitative testing. It is unable to perform fault graphics imaging of the roadbed structure, and is unable to quickly and in real time assess the depth and regional scope of roadbed voids.

[0006] In view of this, it is necessary to improve the detection method in the prior art to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to disclose an array-type ultrasonic automatic detection vehicle and detection method for roadbed voids, which solves the problem that existing roadbed detection is difficult and cannot be quickly evaluated, can flexibly and effectively evaluate the integrity of the roadbed structure, locate the area of ​​roadbed voids, and facilitate roadbed monitoring and management.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an array type ultrasonic track bed degassing automatic detection vehicle, comprising:

[0009] The vehicle body comprises a main frame located at the upper layer and a bottom plate located below the main frame;

[0010] Two groups of vertical force applying mechanisms are arranged on opposite sides of the main frame, and each group of the vertical force applying mechanisms includes:

[0011] A frame body, fixedly mounted on the main frame;

[0012] A power unit is disposed on the frame and has a driving shaft disposed vertically downward, and the power unit can drive the driving shaft to reciprocate in a vertical direction;

[0013] A stress hammer is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the driving shaft. Under the drive of the power unit, the stress hammer drives the main frame to apply instantaneous vertical stress to the bottom plate by striking the upper surface of the main frame;

[0014] A damping spring mechanism is arranged between the main frame and the bottom plate, and is used to support and reset the main frame;

[0015] A plurality of contact imaging sensors are arranged at the bottom of the main frame in a matrix arrangement, and can contact and deform the base plate under the action of the vertical force application mechanism to perform ultrasonic scanning of the ballast area and real-time imaging.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, an elastic suspension component connected to the main frame is arranged on the top of the contact imaging sensor.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the contact imaging sensor contains a plurality of ultrasonic transmitting units and ultrasonic sensing units. The ultrasonic transmitting units can transmit ultrasonic waves to the roadbed, and the ultrasonic sensing units can collect ultrasonic reflection information of the scanned roadbed and convert it into electric charge for storage.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the damping spring mechanism comprises:

[0019] A base is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate, and two damping blocks with arc-shaped structures are arranged opposite to each other on the base;

[0020] A spring, arranged above the base and located in the center of the two damping blocks;

[0021] The shell is fixedly arranged on the top end of the spring and the outer edge of the bottom is provided with a guide part which is slidably matched with the inner side of the damping block.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the operating frequency of the contact imaging sensor is 60 kHz.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, the damping spring mechanism is arranged in four groups and is respectively arranged at four corners above the bottom plate.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, the ultrasonic transmitting unit is composed of piezoelectric ceramics, which can convert electrical energy into mechanical vibration to generate ultrasonic waves;

[0025] The ultrasonic sensing unit is made of a polyvinylidene fluoride sheet and is in a logarithmic spiral geometric shape.

[0026] The present invention also discloses a detection method of an array type ultrasonic track bed degassing automatic detection vehicle, comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1, the automatic inspection vehicle moves along the track layout direction at a speed of 20-40 km / h, and the vertical force application mechanism controls the contact imaging sensor to perform contact imaging on the ballast bed at a frequency of 20-60 seconds / time to preliminarily determine the ballast bed empty area;

[0028] S2, after determining the ballast bed void area, the automatic inspection vehicle moves to the top of the area and remains stationary, and controls the contact imaging sensor through the vertical force application mechanism to perform contact imaging of the bottom of the ballast bed at a frequency of 10s / time, generating multiple groups of cross-sectional images. Since the ballast bed void area and other components of the ballast bed present different colors, for complex ballast bed void areas and boundaries, the image with the largest void cross-sectional area is selected as the representative void analysis diagram.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present invention, the stress value applied by the vertical force applying mechanism is proportional to the depth of the roadbed to be inspected.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) An array-type ultrasonic automatic detection vehicle for roadbed debonding. Compared with the existing roadbed debonding monitoring method, the present invention adopts a high-precision contact imaging sensor for real-time imaging. Through intermittent contact imaging, the lower structure of the roadbed is scanned in batches, and the roadbed debonding area is accurately located. On the premise of avoiding damage to the track structure, the roadbed debonding depth and area are monitored and evaluated in real time. The integrity of the roadbed structure can be effectively evaluated, the area of ​​the roadbed debonding area can be located, and the roadbed can be quickly evaluated in real time. The debonding that has occurred or may occur can be promptly treated to avoid the aggravation of the roadbed debonding.

[0032] The contact imaging sensors are arranged in a matrix, which can increase the imaging capacity without increasing the sensor power, obtain higher-quality roadbed cross-section imaging, and better judge the location area and degree of voids; increase the coherence of ultrasonic signals, and complete accurate imaging for complex roadbed void boundary conditions; reduce the risk of low imaging quality of several imaging sensors, and the decline in imaging performance of some sensors will not have much impact on the overall roadbed cross-section imaging.

[0033] (2) The automatic monitoring vehicle of the present invention has high flexibility and a simple detection method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an array type ultrasonic ballast bed degassing automatic detection vehicle of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the front view of an array type ultrasonic ballast bed degassing automatic detection vehicle of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a vertical force application mechanism in an array type ultrasonic ballast bed debonding automatic detection vehicle of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a damping spring mechanism in an array type ultrasonic ballast bed debonding automatic detection vehicle of the present invention;.

[0038] In the figure: 101, main frame; 102, bottom plate; 200, vertical force application mechanism; 201, power unit; 202, drive shaft; 203, stress hammer; 300, contact imaging sensor; 400, damping spring mechanism; 401, base; 402, damping block; 403, spring; 404, shell; 404a, guide part; 500, elastic suspension assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the various embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, but it should be noted that these embodiments are not limitations of the present invention, and any equivalent transformations or substitutions in functions, methods, or structures made by ordinary technicians in the field based on these embodiments are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 A specific implementation of an array type ultrasonic track bed debonding automatic detection vehicle and detection method of the present invention is shown.

[0041] An array type ultrasonic track bed debonding automatic detection vehicle, comprising: a vehicle body, comprising a main frame 101 located at the upper layer, and a bottom plate 102 located below the main frame 101; two sets of vertical force applying mechanisms 200, respectively arranged on both sides of the main frame 101, each set of the vertical force applying mechanisms 200 comprising: a frame body, fixedly mounted on the main frame 101; a power unit 201, arranged on the frame body, and having a drive shaft 202 arranged vertically downward, the power unit 201 being able to drive the drive shaft 202 to reciprocate in the vertical direction; a stress hammer 203, fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the drive shaft 202, and at the drive of the power unit 201 The stress hammer 203 drives the main frame 101 to apply instantaneous vertical stress to the bottom plate 102 by striking the upper surface of the main frame 101; the damping spring mechanism 400 is arranged between the main frame 101 and the bottom plate 102, and is used to support and reset the main frame 101; a plurality of contact imaging sensors 300 are arranged at the bottom of the main frame 101 and arranged in a matrix, and can contact and deform with the bottom plate 102 under the action of the vertical force-applying mechanism 200, so as to perform ultrasonic scanning of the ballast area, and real-time imaging to display the ballast emptying situation; the stress hammer 203 resets and stops imaging when it stops applying pressure to the main frame 101. An elastic suspension component 500 connected to the main frame 101 is provided on the top of the contact imaging sensor 300 to prevent the contact imaging sensor 300 from being deformed due to excessive pressure and measurement errors.

[0042] The contact imaging sensor 300 contains a plurality of ultrasonic transmitting units and ultrasonic sensing units. The ultrasonic transmitting unit can transmit ultrasonic waves to the roadbed, and the ultrasonic sensing unit can collect ultrasonic reflection information of the scanned roadbed and convert it into charge storage. The contact imaging sensor 300 realizes holographic focusing on the lower part of the roadbed through the ultrasonic transmitting unit, that is, each point in the scanning space can be focused by ultrasonic waves when the detection vehicle moves forward, and thus the detailed situation of the roadbed section is obtained. According to different ultrasonic reflection intensities, different colors are used to intuitively represent each point of the roadbed section in the image. Correspondingly, the roadbed empty area presents different colors after color coding. The contact imaging sensors 300 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the main frame 101. The ultrasonic reflection information intensity collected by the contact imaging sensors 300 at different positions is different, but in the same reading cycle, the charge accumulation time is consistent. When the corresponding accumulation time is reached, the internal analog conversion switch of the contact imaging sensor 300 is turned on, and the analog electrical signals are output sequentially to obtain the analog image of the scanned roadbed.

[0043] The damping spring mechanism 400 includes: a base 401, which is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate 102, and two arc-shaped damping blocks 402 are arranged opposite to each other on the base 401; a spring 403, which is arranged above the base 401 and located in the center of the two damping blocks 402, and the spring 403 combines the deformation and heat treatment of the steel to make it have greater strength and toughness. After experiencing the high-temperature deformation stage, it is immediately hardened to keep it in a stable austenite state; a shell 404, which is fixed to the top of the spring 403 and the outer edge of the bottom is provided with a guide part 404a that slides with the inner side of the damping block 402. When the damping spring mechanism 400 is subjected to a downward force, the spring 403 is compressed and contracted, and the damping blocks 402 on both sides move relative to the upper cast iron shell 404. The damping blocks 402 are deformed and hinder the movement of the shell 404, effectively preventing the spring 403 from causing a large vertical displacement due to excessive compression deformation, thereby avoiding the pressure threshold of the contact imaging sensor 300 and causing measurement errors. The operating frequency of the contact imaging sensor 300 is 60kHz. The damping spring mechanism 400 is arranged in 4 groups, and is arranged at the four corners above the bottom plate 102 respectively. The ultrasonic transmitting unit is composed of piezoelectric ceramics, which can convert electrical energy into mechanical oscillation to generate ultrasonic waves; the ultrasonic sensing unit is made of polyvinylidene fluoride sheets and has a logarithmic spiral geometry.

[0044] The present invention also discloses a detection method of an array type ultrasonic ballast bed empty automatic detection vehicle, comprising the following steps: S1, the automatic detection vehicle moves along the track layout direction at a speed of 20 to 40 km / h, the vertical force mechanism controls the contact imaging sensor to perform contact imaging on the ballast bed at a frequency of 20 to 60 seconds / time, and preliminarily determines the ballast bed empty area; S2, after determining the ballast bed empty area, the automatic detection vehicle moves to the top of the area and stops, and the vertical force mechanism controls the contact imaging sensor to perform contact imaging on the bottom of the ballast bed at a frequency of 10 seconds / time, generating multiple groups of cross-sectional images, because the ballast bed empty area and other components of the ballast bed present different colors, for complex ballast bed empty areas and boundaries, the image with the largest empty cross-sectional area is selected as a representative analysis diagram of the empty. The stress value applied by the vertical force mechanism 200 is proportional to the depth of the ballast bed to be detected.

[0045] In response to different working conditions in the tunnel, for areas in the tunnel where defects such as slurry and mud have occurred, the inspection vehicle conducts an initial test of the ballast bed voids along the track at a speed of 20km / h; for areas in the tunnel where no obvious voids have occurred, the inspection vehicle conducts an initial test of the ballast bed voids under the track at a speed not exceeding 40km / h.

[0046] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An array type ultrasonic automatic detection vehicle for roadbed degassing, characterized in that: include: The vehicle body comprises a main frame located at the upper layer and a bottom plate located below the main frame; Two groups of vertical force applying mechanisms are arranged on opposite sides of the main frame, and each group of the vertical force applying mechanisms includes: A frame body, fixedly mounted on the main frame; A power unit is disposed on the frame and has a driving shaft disposed vertically downward, and the power unit can drive the driving shaft to reciprocate in a vertical direction; A stress hammer is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the driving shaft. Under the drive of the power unit, the stress hammer drives the main frame to apply instantaneous vertical stress to the bottom plate by striking the upper surface of the main frame; A damping spring mechanism is arranged between the main frame and the bottom plate, and is used to support and reset the main frame; A plurality of contact imaging sensors are arranged at the bottom of the main frame in a matrix arrangement, and can contact and deform the base plate under the action of the vertical force application mechanism to perform ultrasonic scanning of the ballast area and real-time imaging.

2. The automatic detection vehicle for the array type ultrasonic track bed degassing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An elastic suspension component connected to the main frame is arranged on the top of the contact imaging sensor.

3. The automatic detection vehicle for the array type ultrasonic track bed degassing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The contact imaging sensor contains a plurality of ultrasonic transmitting units and ultrasonic sensing units. The ultrasonic transmitting unit can transmit ultrasonic waves to the roadbed, and the ultrasonic sensing unit can collect ultrasonic reflection information of the scanned roadbed and convert it into electric charge for storage.

4. The automatic detection vehicle for the array type ultrasonic track bed degassing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The damping spring mechanism comprises: A base is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate, and two damping blocks with arc-shaped structures are arranged opposite to each other on the base; A spring, arranged above the base and located in the center of the two damping blocks; The shell is fixedly arranged on the top end of the spring and the outer edge of the bottom is provided with a guide part which is slidably matched with the inner side of the damping block.

5. The automatic detection vehicle for the array type ultrasonic track bed degassing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The operating frequency of the contact imaging sensor is 60 kHz.

6. The automatic detection vehicle for the array type ultrasonic track bed degassing according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The damping spring mechanisms are arranged in four groups and are respectively arranged at four corners above the bottom plate.

7. The automatic detection vehicle for the array type ultrasonic track bed degassing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ultrasonic transmitting unit is composed of piezoelectric ceramics and can convert electrical energy into mechanical vibration to generate ultrasonic waves; The ultrasonic sensing unit is made of a polyvinylidene fluoride sheet and is in a logarithmic spiral geometric shape.

8. A detection method based on an array type ultrasonic track bed emptying automatic detection vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, the automatic inspection vehicle moves along the track layout direction at a speed of 20-40 km / h, and the vertical force application mechanism controls the contact imaging sensor to perform contact imaging on the ballast bed at a frequency of 20-60 seconds / time to preliminarily determine the ballast bed empty area; S2, after determining the ballast bed void area, the automatic inspection vehicle moves to the top of the area and remains stationary, and controls the contact imaging sensor through the vertical force application mechanism to perform contact imaging of the bottom of the ballast bed at a frequency of 10s / time, generating multiple groups of cross-sectional images. Since the ballast bed void area and other components of the ballast bed present different colors, for complex ballast bed void areas and boundaries, the image with the largest void cross-sectional area is selected as the representative void analysis diagram.

9. The detection method of an array ultrasonic track bed degassing automatic detection vehicle according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The stress value applied by the vertical force applying mechanism is proportional to the depth of the roadbed to be inspected.

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