A fuel processor for a high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell and a method of using the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a fuel processor for a high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell and a method of use. The fuel processor includes a component fuel processor housing and a component burner, a component secondary evaporator, a component reformer and a component primary evaporator that are arranged in the component fuel processor housing and are connected in sequence, wherein the component reformer is used to convert alcohol fuel into hydrogen through a catalytic reforming reaction; the component primary evaporator is used to convert liquid alcohol fuel into steam alcohol fuel; the component secondary evaporator is used to increase the temperature of the steam alcohol fuel produced by the component primary evaporator; the component burner provides heat energy for the component reformer, the component primary evaporator and the component secondary evaporator. The present invention reduces the use of auxiliary power during the startup phase, achieves the purpose of reducing the weight and volume of the fuel cell system, improves fuel efficiency and can also improve the power density of the fuel cell system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a fuel processor for a high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the fuel cell, fuel hydrogen is consumed and its chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. The fuel cell system consumes fuel hydrogen to discharge externally. The fuel supply of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is provided by the fuel processor, which is a reactor that converts portable liquid fuel into hydrogen. Usually, the fuel processor is composed of several components such as a reforming reactor, a liquid fuel evaporation heat exchanger, and a heating burner. The above-mentioned independent components are too large when stacked together, so it is particularly important to optimize the design reasonably to reduce the volume of the fuel processor during the integration process of the fuel cell system, thereby improving the power density of the fuel cell system.

[0003] The reformer, an important component of the fuel processor, contains a reforming hydrogen production catalyst. The key to maintaining the high performance of the reformer component is to control the temperature of the catalyst bed to be uniform and appropriate. The temperature of the catalyst bed is maintained by heat from the burner, usually in a wall-to-wall heat exchange process, which requires the burner to be close to the reformer. However, if the distance between the two is too close, the high temperature of the burner will cause the catalyst to sinter and be damaged, seriously affecting the performance of the reformer. Therefore, the development of a compact and integrated fuel processor can not only reduce the size, but also help control the temperature of the catalyst bed to be stable and uniform by reasonably arranging the relative positions of each component, thereby maintaining the high performance of the reformer.

[0004] During the operation of the fuel processor, the heat provided by the burner generally has a certain margin, and recovering excess heat can improve the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell. For the entire process of the fuel cell system from startup to stable operation and then to shutdown, energy utilization is the result of global system design. The energy in the fuel cell system includes chemical energy, thermal energy, and electrical energy. The method of recovering excess heat is usually to preheat the liquid fuel, preheat the stack, preheat the stack cathode air, etc. If the excess heat can also be recovered and converted into electrical energy to supply the auxiliary components of the fuel cell system as electricity consumption. In this way, the use of auxiliary power supply in the startup phase can be reduced, the weight and size of the fuel cell system can be reduced, and the fuel efficiency can be improved while also improving the power density of the fuel cell system. Summary of the invention

[0005] In response to the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel processor for a high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell and a method of use, so as to reduce the use of auxiliary power during the startup phase, achieve the purpose of reducing the weight and size of the fuel cell system, improve fuel efficiency, and also improve the power density of the fuel cell system.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel processor for a high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell, comprising a component fuel processor housing and a component burner, a component secondary evaporator, a component reformer and a component primary evaporator which are arranged in the component fuel processor housing and connected in sequence, wherein the component reformer is used to convert alcohol fuel into hydrogen through a catalytic reforming reaction; the component primary evaporator is used to convert liquid alcohol fuel into steam alcohol fuel; the component secondary evaporator is used to increase the temperature of the steam alcohol fuel produced by the component primary evaporator; the component burner provides heat energy for the component reformer, the component primary evaporator and the component secondary evaporator.

[0008] The component burner comprises a burner outer wall and a combustion chamber, a combustion fuel flow channel, an air equalization structure, a component electric heater and an exhaust flow channel arranged in the burner outer wall, wherein the air equalization structure, the combustion fuel flow channel and the component electric heater are coaxially arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside and connected to the front end of the combustion chamber, the exhaust flow channel is arranged at the rear end of the combustion chamber, and a combustion fuel inlet connected to the combustion fuel flow channel is arranged on the burner outer wall;

[0009] The secondary evaporator, the reformer and the primary evaporator are sequentially sleeved on the outer side of the tail gas flow channel from front to back.

[0010] The component reformer comprises a catalytic bed layer sleeved on the outside of the tail gas flow channel, and component thermoelectric converters are arranged inside and outside the catalytic bed layer. The component thermoelectric converters are used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy.

[0011] The catalytic bed layer comprises an outer circumferential wall, an inner circumferential wall, a front distribution wall, a rear distribution wall and a plurality of intermediate distribution walls, wherein the outer circumferential wall and the inner circumferential wall are coaxially arranged to form an annular cavity for filling the catalyst, the front and rear ends of the annular cavity are respectively provided with the front distribution wall and the rear distribution wall, the interior of the annular cavity is sequentially spaced by a plurality of intermediate distribution walls arranged at equal intervals; a hydrogen outlet is provided on the outer circumferential wall.

[0012] The front distribution wall, the rear distribution wall and the middle distribution wall are all annular thin metal walls with sieve holes, and the positions of the sieve holes on two adjacent distribution walls are staggered.

[0013] The thermoelectric converter of the assembly is connected to the electric control board of the auxiliary component of the fuel cell system through a metal wire with an insulating layer.

[0014] The primary evaporator of the assembly comprises a primary evaporation chamber of an annular structure and a liquid fuel inlet and a primary steam outlet arranged on the primary evaporation chamber;

[0015] The secondary evaporator of the component comprises a secondary evaporation chamber of an annular structure and a secondary steam inlet and a secondary steam outlet arranged on the secondary evaporation chamber;

[0016] Wherein, the primary steam outlet is communicated with the secondary steam inlet through a fuel steam flow channel arranged between the component reformer and the component fuel processor housing; the secondary steam outlet is communicated with the component reformer.

[0017] The component fuel processor housing is a section of metal hollow tube, and a bottom plate is arranged at the rear end.

[0018] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for using the high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell fuel processor, the method comprising the following steps:

[0019] The alcohol liquid fuel enters the first-stage evaporator of the component and evaporates. The heat required for the evaporation of the alcohol liquid fuel is provided by the combustion exhaust gas of the component burner.

[0020] The primary steam evaporated by the primary evaporator of the component enters the secondary evaporation chamber along the fuel steam flow channel, and is heated to become secondary steam. The heat required for the secondary steam to be heated is provided by the combustion exhaust gas of the component burner;

[0021] The secondary steam then enters the component reformer, where the catalytic reforming hydrogen production process is completed. The heat consumed in the reforming hydrogen production process and the heat consumed to maintain the temperature of the catalytic bed are provided by the combustion exhaust gas of the component burner.

[0022] The excess heat provided by the combustion exhaust gas is partially converted into electrical energy through thermoelectric converters arranged inside and outside the catalytic bed, and is used by auxiliary components of the fuel cell system.

[0023] The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention provides a fuel processor for a fuel cell with high efficiency waste heat recovery, which uses a secondary evaporator and a thermoelectric converter. The secondary evaporator can effectively prevent the catalyst in the reformer from being overheated and sintered and damaged, and can also prevent the catalytic bed of the reformer from being unevenly heated due to the reactant temperature being too low. The thermoelectric converter can effectively convert excess heat energy into electrical energy for use by auxiliary components of the fuel cell system, thereby reducing the assembly amount of the auxiliary power supply of the fuel cell system. At the same time, the excess heat can be converted into electrical energy in a timely manner, effectively preventing the catalytic bed of the reformer from overheating. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel processor for a high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2This is an axonometric diagram of a fuel processor for a high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the catalytic bed in the component reformer of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the relative arrangement of the catalytic bed and the component thermoelectric converter in the component reformer of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the component burner of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the secondary evaporator of the component and the primary evaporator of the component of the present invention;

[0031] In the figure: 1 is a fuel processor, 2 is a component reformer, 3 is a component burner, 4 is a component secondary evaporator, 5 is a component primary evaporator, 6 is a component fuel processor housing, 7 is a bottom plate, 8 is a component thermoelectric converter, 9 is a front distribution wall, 10 is a middle first distribution wall, 11 is a middle second distribution wall, 12 is a rear distribution wall, 13 is an outer circumferential wall, 14 is an inner circumferential wall, 15 is a catalytic bed, 16 is an exhaust gas flow channel, 17 is a combustion chamber, 18 is a combustion fuel flow channel, 19 is an air equalization structure, 20 is a component electric heater, 21 is a burner outer wall, 22 is a hydrogen outlet, 23 is a liquid fuel inlet, 24 is an air inlet, 25 is a primary steam outlet, 26 is a fuel steam flow channel, 27 is a secondary steam inlet, 28 is a secondary steam outlet, 29 is a primary evaporation chamber, 30 is a secondary evaporation chamber, and 31 is a combustion fuel inlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] like Figure 1-2 As shown, one embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel processor for a high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell, including a component fuel processor housing 6 and a component burner 3, a component secondary evaporator 4, a component reformer 2 and a component primary evaporator 5 arranged in the component fuel processor housing 6 and connected in sequence, wherein the component reformer 2 is used to convert alcohol fuels with a small carbon-to-hydrogen ratio into hydrogen through a catalytic reforming reaction; the component primary evaporator 5 is used to convert liquid alcohol fuels into steam alcohol fuels; the component secondary evaporator 4 is used to increase the temperature of the steam alcohol fuel produced by the component primary evaporator 5; the component burner 3 provides heat energy for the component reformer 2, the component primary evaporator 5 and the component secondary evaporator 4.

[0034] like Figure 5As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the component burner 3 includes a burner outer wall 21 and a combustion chamber 17, a combustion fuel flow channel 18, an air equalization structure 19, a component electric heater 20 and an exhaust gas flow channel 16 arranged in the burner outer wall 21, wherein the air equalization structure 19, the combustion fuel flow channel 18 and the component electric heater 20 are coaxially arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside and connected to the front end of the combustion chamber 17, and the exhaust gas flow channel 16 is provided at the rear end of the combustion chamber 17. A combustion fuel inlet 31 connected to the combustion fuel flow channel 18 is provided on the burner outer wall 21, and the combustion fuel inlet 31 passes through the component fuel processor housing 6 and is exposed to the outside, and an air inlet 24 is provided at the front end of the air equalization structure 19. The component electric heater 20 is used to consume electric energy to generate heat.

[0035] Specifically, the component burner 3 is located at the front end of the fuel processor 1, and the exhaust gas flow channel 16 of the component burner 3 sequentially penetrates the component secondary evaporator 4, the component reformer 2, and the component primary evaporator 5 along the central axis of the fuel processor in the longitudinal direction. In other words, the component secondary evaporator 4, the component reformer 2, and the component primary evaporator 5 are all annular tube structures, and are sequentially sleeved on the outside of the exhaust gas flow channel 16 from front to back.

[0036] During the startup phase of the fuel processor 1, alcohol liquid fuel enters the combustion fuel inlet 31 of the component burner 3, and is heated and vaporized by the component electric heater 20 when flowing through the combustion fuel flow channel 18 to become the combustion fuel; air enters the air distribution structure 19 through the air inlet 24, and is fully mixed and burned with the combustion fuel in the combustion chamber 17, and the combustion exhaust gas is then discharged from the fuel processor through the exhaust flow channel 16.

[0037] like Figure 3-4 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the component reformer 2 includes a catalytic bed 15 sleeved on the outside of the tail gas flow channel 16, and the component thermoelectric converter 8 is provided on the inside and outside of the catalytic bed 15, and the component thermoelectric converter 8 is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. Further, the component thermoelectric converter 8 is a single-layer thin-layer structure, and the component thermoelectric converter 8 is connected to the electric control board of the auxiliary component of the fuel cell system through a metal wire with an insulating layer.

[0038] Specifically, the catalytic bed 15 includes an outer circumferential wall 13, an inner circumferential wall 14, a front distribution wall 9, a rear distribution wall 12 and a plurality of intermediate distribution walls, wherein the outer circumferential wall 13 and the inner circumferential wall 14 are coaxially arranged to form an annular cavity for filling the catalyst, the front and rear ends of the annular cavity are respectively provided with the front distribution wall 9 and the rear distribution wall 12, and the interior of the annular cavity is sequentially spaced by a plurality of intermediate distribution walls arranged at equal intervals; a hydrogen outlet 22 is provided on the outer circumferential wall 13.

[0039] Furthermore, the front distribution wall 9, the rear distribution wall 12 and the middle distribution wall are all annular thin metal walls with sieve holes, and the positions of the sieve holes on two adjacent distribution walls are staggered. In this embodiment, the middle first distribution wall 10 and the middle second distribution wall 11 are arranged at equal intervals between the front distribution wall 9 and the rear distribution wall 12, and the positions of the sieve holes on the front distribution wall 9 and the middle second distribution wall 11 are the same; the positions of the sieve holes on the middle first distribution wall 10 and the rear distribution wall 12 are the same, in order to stagger the positions of the holes and prevent "short circuit" or "channel flow" from occurring during the flow of the internal fluid.

[0040] like Figure 6 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the primary evaporator 5 of the component comprises a primary evaporation chamber 29 of an annular structure, a liquid fuel inlet 23 and a primary steam outlet 25 arranged on the primary evaporation chamber 29; the secondary evaporator 4 of the component comprises a secondary evaporation chamber 30 of an annular structure, a secondary steam inlet 27 and a secondary steam outlet 28 arranged on the secondary evaporation chamber 30; wherein the primary steam outlet 25 is connected to the secondary steam inlet 27 through a fuel steam flow channel 26 arranged between the component reformer 2 and the component fuel processor housing 6; the secondary steam outlet 28 is connected to the component reformer 2. Alcohol liquid fuel enters the primary evaporator 5 of the component through the liquid fuel inlet 23, completes the liquid vaporization process in the primary evaporation chamber 29, generates primary steam, flows out through the primary steam outlet 25, enters the secondary steam inlet 27 along the fuel steam flow channel 26, enters the secondary evaporator 4 of the component, the fuel steam is heated in the secondary evaporation chamber 30, and then flows out through the secondary steam outlet 28 through the front distribution wall 9 of the component reformer 2 and enters the component reformer 2.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present invention, the component fuel processor housing 6 is a section of a metal hollow tube, and the rear end is provided with a bottom plate 7 connected to the rear end of the primary evaporator 5. The metal hollow tube is provided with an opening for the liquid fuel inlet 23 to pass through, an opening for the hydrogen outlet 22 of the component reformer 2 to pass through, and a positioning structure groove design for the assembly of the component burner 3, the component secondary evaporator 4, the component reformer 2, and the component primary evaporator 5. The bottom plate 7 is provided with an opening for the exhaust gas channel 16 to pass through, an opening for the metal wire with an insulating layer of the component thermoelectric converter 8 to pass through, and a positioning structure groove design for the assembly of the primary evaporator 5 and the exhaust gas channel 16. The component fuel processor housing 6 with the bottom plate 7 is used to be sleeved on the periphery of each assembled component to form the whole of the fuel processor. That is, the relative position of each component along the longitudinal direction of the central axis of the fuel processor is fixed by the positioning structure on the component fuel processor housing 6.

[0042] Specifically, the fuel burned by the component burner 3 during the startup phase of the fuel processor 1 is an alcohol liquid fuel; during the operation phase of the component burner 3, the fuel burned is the unconsumed hydrogen of the fuel cell system stack. The combustion tail gas is all the gas discharged from the component burner 3 after the fuel and air are burned in the component burner 3, and the temperature range is 300-900°C. The component secondary evaporator 4 is located between the combustion chamber 17 of the component burner 3 and the front distribution wall 9 of the component reformer. The fuel steam heated in the component secondary evaporator 4 is secondary steam, and its temperature range is 150-320°C. The component thermoelectric converter 8 can convert the excess heat provided by the component burner 3 into electrical energy during the startup phase of the fuel processor and the stable operation phase of the fuel processor to prevent the catalyst bed temperature of the component reformer from overheating, and at the same time supply electrical energy to the auxiliary components of the fuel cell.

[0043] An embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel processor for a fuel cell with high efficiency waste heat recovery, which is to design the reformer 2, evaporator, and burner 3 of the fuel processor 1 into a small and compact unified whole, and any component in this integrated fuel processor can also be replaced in situ. In the present invention, a secondary evaporator is added to the fuel processor 1, and its function is to further increase the temperature of the evaporated fuel vapor, so that it is closer to the temperature of the reformer catalyst bed, and avoid the performance degradation of the reformer catalyst bed due to the sudden drop in temperature at the reactant inlet; on the other hand, the secondary evaporator 4 is located between the burner 3 and the reformer 2, avoiding the sintering damage of the catalyst in the reformer 2 due to the proximity to the high-temperature burner, protecting the reforming catalyst, and playing an important role in maintaining the performance of the reformer. In the present invention, the thermoelectric converter 8 is used to recover the excess heat provided by the burner 3, convert the heat into electrical energy for the auxiliary components of the fuel cell system, reduce the amount of auxiliary power supply of the fuel cell system, and play an important role in improving the power density and fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system.

[0044] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for using the high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell fuel processor as described in the above embodiment, the method comprising the following steps:

[0045] The alcohol liquid fuel enters the first-level evaporator 5 of the component and evaporates. The heat required for the evaporation of the alcohol liquid fuel is provided by the combustion exhaust gas of the component burner 3;

[0046] The primary steam evaporated by the primary evaporator 5 of the component enters the secondary evaporation chamber 30 along the fuel steam flow channel 26, and is heated to become secondary steam. The heat required for the secondary steam to be heated is provided by the combustion exhaust gas of the component burner 3;

[0047] The secondary steam then enters the component reformer 2, where the catalytic reforming hydrogen production process is completed. The heat consumed in the reforming hydrogen production process and the heat consumed to maintain the temperature of the catalytic bed 15 are provided by the combustion exhaust gas of the component burner 3.

[0048] The excess heat provided by the combustion exhaust gas is partially converted into electrical energy through the thermoelectric converters 8 arranged inside and outside the catalyst bed 15, and is used by auxiliary components of the fuel cell system.

[0049] Specifically, when the fuel processor 1 is started, the component electric heater 20 is used to evaporate the combustion fuel and preheat the combustion chamber 17 of the component burner 3. The component electric heater 20 is arranged around the outer wall of the component burner 3, and the arrangement area is the same as the length of the combustion fuel flow channel 18. At this time, the power used by the component electric heater 20 comes from the auxiliary power supply of the fuel cell system. When the preheating temperature conditions required for starting combustion are reached, the combustion fuel and air are burned in the combustion chamber 17, and the combustion chamber temperature range is controlled to be 700-900°C. The high-temperature combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the fuel processor 1 through the exhaust gas flow channel 16. During the process, the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas transfers heat to the component secondary evaporator 4, the component reformer 2, the component thermoelectric converter 8, and the component primary evaporator 5.

[0050] After the startup combustion is completed, the control component thermoelectric converter 8 converts part of the heat released by the component burner 3 into electrical energy for use by the fuel cell auxiliary components. This process reduces the auxiliary power supply to the fuel cell auxiliary components by 10% to 15% during the startup phase. The fuel cell system achieves a reduction in auxiliary power supply, which helps to improve the fuel cell's power efficiency.

[0051] The fuel processor completes the startup process, and during stable operation, the reformer catalytic bed undergoes reforming hydrogen production reaction, and the reformer catalytic bed temperature is controlled to be in the range of 240-280°C. The alcohol liquid fuel is continuously introduced into the first-level evaporator 5 of the component, and the temperature of the first-level steam after vaporization is detected to be 130-150°C, and then enters the second-level evaporator 4 of the component through the fuel steam flow channel 26, and the temperature of the second-level steam after heating is detected to be in the range of 220-270°C. Because the second-level evaporator 4 of the component separates the reformer 2 from the reformer 23, the catalyst in the reformer is prevented from being damaged by high-temperature sintering. At the same time, the temperature of the steam fuel entering the reformer is close to the temperature of the reforming catalytic bed, which avoids the occurrence of a temperature gradient in the catalytic bed.

[0052] When the exhaust gas temperature is too high, the heat carried by the exhaust gas is greater than the heat required by the reformer 2, and the heating rate of the reformer catalyst bed increases. The control component thermoelectric converter 8 converts the excess heat into electrical energy. When the reformer catalyst bed temperature stabilizes within a suitable range, the control component thermoelectric converter 8 stops discharging externally. With this component design, it is also possible to avoid damage to the catalyst caused by high temperature of the reformer catalyst bed. The electrical energy converted by waste heat recovery can be used by auxiliary components of the fuel cell system, and the fuel efficiency of the fuel processor in the stable operation stage is calculated to be increased by 1 to 5%.

[0053] The present invention provides a fuel processor for a fuel cell with high efficiency waste heat recovery, which uses a secondary evaporator 4 and a thermoelectric converter 8. The secondary evaporator 4 can effectively prevent the catalyst of the reformer from being overheated and sintered and damaged, and can also prevent the catalytic bed of the reformer from being unevenly heated due to the reactant temperature being too low. The thermoelectric converter 8 can effectively convert excess heat energy into electrical energy for use by auxiliary components of the fuel cell system, thereby reducing the assembly amount of the auxiliary power supply of the fuel cell system. At the same time, the excess heat can be converted into electrical energy in a timely manner, effectively preventing the catalytic bed of the reformer from overheating.

[0054] The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, expansion, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel processor for a high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fuel processor housing (6) and a burner (3), a secondary evaporator (4), a reformer (2) and a primary evaporator (5) which are arranged in the fuel processor housing (6) and are connected in sequence, wherein the reformer (2) is used to convert alcohol fuel into hydrogen through a catalytic reforming reaction; the primary evaporator (5) is used to convert liquid alcohol fuel into steam alcohol fuel; the secondary evaporator (4) is used to increase the temperature of the steam alcohol fuel produced by the primary evaporator (5); and the burner (3) provides heat energy for the reformer (2), the primary evaporator (5) and the secondary evaporator (4); The component burner (3) comprises a burner outer wall (21) and a combustion chamber (17), a combustion fuel flow channel (18), an air distribution structure (19), a component electric heater (20) and an exhaust gas flow channel (16) arranged in the burner outer wall (21), wherein the air distribution structure (19), the combustion fuel flow channel (18) and the component electric heater (20) are coaxially arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside and connected to the front end of the combustion chamber (17), the exhaust gas flow channel (16) is provided at the rear end of the combustion chamber (17), and a combustion fuel inlet (31) connected to the combustion fuel flow channel (18) is provided on the burner outer wall (21); The secondary evaporator (4), the reformer (2) and the primary evaporator (5) are sequentially sleeved on the outside of the tail gas flow passage (16) from front to back; The component reformer (2) comprises a catalytic bed (15) sleeved on the outside of the tail gas flow channel (16), and component thermoelectric converters (8) are provided on both the inside and outside of the catalytic bed (15). The component thermoelectric converter (8) is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy.

2. The high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell fuel processor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalytic bed (15) comprises an outer circumferential wall (13), an inner circumferential wall (14), a front distribution wall (9), a rear distribution wall (12) and a plurality of intermediate distribution walls, wherein the outer circumferential wall (13) and the inner circumferential wall (14) are coaxially arranged to form an annular cavity for filling the catalyst, the front and rear ends of the annular cavity are respectively provided with the front distribution wall (9) and the rear distribution wall (12), and the interior of the annular cavity is sequentially spaced by a plurality of intermediate distribution walls arranged at equal intervals; and a hydrogen outlet (22) is provided on the outer circumferential wall (13).

3. The high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell fuel processor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front distribution wall (9), the rear distribution wall (12) and the middle distribution wall are all annular thin metal walls with sieve holes, and the positions of the sieve holes on two adjacent distribution walls are staggered.

4. The high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell fuel processor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The component thermoelectric converter (8) is connected to the fuel cell system auxiliary component electric control board through a metal wire with an insulating layer.

5. The high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell fuel processor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary evaporator (5) of the component comprises a primary evaporation chamber (29) of an annular structure, and a liquid fuel inlet (23) and a primary steam outlet (25) arranged on the primary evaporation chamber (29); The secondary evaporator (4) of the component comprises a secondary evaporation chamber (30) of an annular structure, and a secondary steam inlet (27) and a secondary steam outlet (28) arranged on the secondary evaporation chamber (30); The primary steam outlet (25) is connected to the secondary steam inlet (27) via a fuel steam flow channel (26) provided between the component reformer (2) and the component fuel processor housing (6); the secondary steam outlet (28) is connected to the component reformer (2).

6. The high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell fuel processor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The component fuel processor housing (6) is a section of a metal hollow tube, and a bottom plate (7) is provided at the rear end.

7. A method for using the fuel processor for a high-efficiency waste heat recovery fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method of use comprises the following steps: The alcohol liquid fuel enters the first-stage evaporator (5) of the component to evaporate, and the heat required for the evaporation of the alcohol liquid fuel is provided by the combustion exhaust gas of the component burner (3); The primary steam evaporated by the primary evaporator (5) of the component enters the secondary evaporation chamber (30) along the fuel steam flow channel (26) and is heated to become secondary steam. The heat required for heating the secondary steam is provided by the combustion exhaust gas of the burner (3) of the component. The secondary steam then enters the component reformer (2), where the catalytic reforming hydrogen production process is completed. The heat consumed in the reforming hydrogen production process and the heat consumed to maintain the temperature of the catalytic bed (15) are provided by the combustion exhaust gas of the component burner (3).

8. The method of use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The excess heat provided by the combustion exhaust gas is partially converted into electrical energy through thermoelectric converters (8) arranged inside and outside the catalytic bed (15), and is used by auxiliary components of the fuel cell system.

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