A kind of stretching friction energy absorber

Abstract

The present invention discloses a stretching out friction energy dissipator, comprising two cover plates arranged symmetrically up and down, two drive plates arranged symmetrically left and right between the two cover plates, four friction blocks arranged symmetrically up and down and left and right between the cover plates and the drive plates, eight reset springs arranged symmetrically up and down and left and right for pulling the friction blocks and the cover plates, four restraining bolts arranged symmetrically front and back and left and right through the upper and lower cover plates, and eight disc springs arranged symmetrically up and down and left and right and sleeved on the restraining bolts. The energy dissipator can achieve the technical goal of consuming energy only in the stretching out process, and not providing force response in other working conditions including stretching reset, compression out and compression reset; no special reset component is required; there is no problem of compressive buckling; sufficient working displacement can be achieved; the structure is simple, the control is simple, and the application is convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a friction energy dissipator, in particular to a stretching friction energy dissipator suitable for the technical field of building engineering. Background Art

[0002] Earthquake disasters are one of the main disasters faced by civil engineering structures. At present, one of the main technical paths to reduce earthquake damage to structures is to adopt energy dissipation and shock absorption technology. Energy dissipation and shock absorption technology for structures has been developed for decades. The main technical idea is to set ductile energy dissipation steel bars or steel sections, friction energy absorbers, viscous dampers, viscoelastic dampers, etc. at appropriate parts of the structure. Among them, viscous dampers and viscoelastic dampers are relatively expensive, difficult to control long-term performance, and have a relatively small scope of application.

[0003] Ductile energy-absorbing steel bars or steel sections are mainly used in energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing solutions for concrete structures. This solution utilizes the plastic yielding of steel bars or steel sections during large earthquakes to dissipate seismic energy. However, the disadvantage is that the energy-absorbing process will cause cold work hardening of the steel bars or steel sections, which will gradually degrade the energy-absorbing capacity. At the same time, it will cause irreversible and severe damage to the steel bars or steel sections, leading to failure of the entire structure.

[0004] The friction energy absorber converts the mechanical energy input by the earthquake into heat energy by using the friction of materials. This energy dissipation solution has a simple structure, low cost, good energy dissipation effect, and slight damage to the energy dissipation devices (basically does not affect continued use). It is a very cost-effective energy dissipation solution.

[0005] However, traditional friction energy absorbers are full-range tension and compression energy absorbers. Although they have good energy absorption effects, they are very difficult to reset, resulting in large residual damage and deformation of the structure after the earthquake, making it difficult to repair and expensive to build. In addition, in order to prevent buckling problems that may occur during the compression energy absorption process, the cross-section of the energy absorption support is often designed to be large or requires the installation of special anti-buckling constraint sleeves, resulting in excessive material consumption and space occupation, and a more complex structure. Although the self-resetting energy absorbers (including friction energy absorbers) developed in recent years are intended to solve the post-earthquake reset problem, the elastic deformation capacity of the reset elastic components (such as high-strength steel strands, FRP tendons, shape memory alloy wires, etc.) is limited, and it is often difficult to meet the earthquake deformation requirements. In addition, the stiffness and restoring force of the components themselves are too large, resulting in a large amount of energy being converted into its elastic potential energy during the earthquake deformation process without being dissipated, resulting in poor overall energy absorption effect.

[0006] Therefore, from the perspective of better seismic performance, the energy absorber needs to have good resistance and energy dissipation capacity during the earthquake dislocation process, so as to limit the structural dislocation and effectively dissipate the seismic energy; and in the earthquake reset process, there should be as little resistance as possible (of course, no energy dissipation), so that it can be easily reset under the elastic drive of the overall structure. On the other hand, energy absorbers are often used on energy-absorbing supports, and the support needs to solve the buckling problem when it is compressed. Therefore, if the energy absorber only dissipates energy in the tensile dislocation, and does not provide force response in other working conditions including tensile reset, compression dislocation, and compression reset, the compressive buckling problem will not occur; such an energy absorber is installed on two cross-arranged supports, which can achieve earthquake energy dissipation and reset in two opposite directions, and the comprehensive performance is excellent. Summary of the invention

[0007] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an energy absorber which has a simple structure, is easy to use, has excellent energy dissipation and reset effects, avoids compression force response, and only dissipates energy by stretching out of position.

[0008] Technical solution: To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] A stretching out friction energy dissipator comprises two cover plates, two drive plates and four friction blocks, wherein the two cover plates are symmetrically arranged up and down, the two drive plates are symmetrically arranged in the two cover plates, and the four friction blocks are symmetrically arranged in the two cover plates;

[0010] The cover plate comprises a base plate, a limiting web plate, two limiting end keys and a limiting middle key are arranged on the inner side surface, the limiting web plate is arranged in the middle position of the base plate, the limiting middle key is arranged in the middle position of the limiting web plate, and the two limiting end keys are arranged symmetrically at both ends of the base plate; the limiting web plate is a quadrangular prism structure with a trapezoidal cross section, and the side where the long bottom side of the trapezoid is located is arranged in contact with the base plate; the trapezoidal space formed by the inclined surface of the limiting web plate and the adjacent limiting end keys is called a groove;

[0011] The drive plate includes two steel plates spliced ​​into a T-shaped structure, one steel plate extending to both sides is called a wing plate, and the other steel plate is called a web plate, and the thickness of the web plate is different; the thickness of the portion close to the wing plate is thicker, and its upper and lower surfaces are called working surfaces; the thickness of the portion away from the wing plate is thinner, and its upper and lower surfaces are called compliance surfaces, and the working surface and the compliance surface are transitioned by a transition slope;

[0012] The friction block is a seven-prism structure, the two end faces are respectively called the front end face and the rear end face, the seven side faces are respectively called the seat bottom face, the right inclined face, the right side face, the small slope, the friction face, the left inclined face and the left side face, the seat bottom face is parallel to the friction face (including the case of being parallel to each other), and the projection of the left line of the friction face on the seat bottom face is located to the right of the right line of the seat bottom face and are close to each other;

[0013] The drive plate is horizontally placed between the upper and lower cover plates, the friction block is clamped between the web plate and the cover plate, the upper and lower surfaces of the wing plate are respectively fitted with the side surfaces where the short bottom edges of the upper and lower limiting web plates are located, the web plate extends in a direction away from the limiting middle key, and the friction block and the limiting middle key constitute a limiting structure for the wing plate; in the natural position of the drive plate, the bottom surface of the seat is in stress-free contact with the bottom surface of the groove, the friction surface is in stress-free contact with the compliance surface, the small slope is in stress-free contact with the transition slope, the left side surface is in stress-free contact with the limiting end key, and there is an angle between the right inclined surface and the inclined surface of the limiting web plate, and the angle can ensure the natural rotation space required for the friction block to rotate in the reverse unloading state;

[0014] Four screw holes are symmetrically arranged on the base plate, front, back, left, and right. A screw hole is distributed on each of the front and back sides of each groove, and the upper and lower base plates are connected by four constraint bolt structures; the constraint bolt structure includes a screw rod, two loading nuts and two limiting nuts. The screw rod passes through the screw holes corresponding to the upper and lower base plates, and the limiting nuts are installed on the screw rod in contact with the inner side of the base plate. A disc spring is sleeved on the screw rod, and the disc spring is limited between the outer side of the base plate and the loading nut by the loading nut.

[0015] Preferably, the front end face and the rear end face of the friction block are each connected to the base plate via a return spring, the connection point of the return spring on the friction block is located in the angle area formed by the left side face and the bottom surface of the seat, and the connection point of the return spring on the base plate is in the area directly opposite to the limit end key.

[0016] In this case, two cover plates, two drive plates and four friction blocks are combined into an integral structure through four constraining bolt structures, so that the drive plate can undergo a certain telescopic movement relative to the two cover plates. In the process of the drive plate moving out of position relative to the natural position, the purpose of energy consumption is achieved through the extrusion friction between the friction block and the working surface of the drive plate; after moving out of position, when the drive plate moves back to the natural position, the friction block rotates in the reverse direction to unload, so that the extrusion friction with the working surface of the drive plate disappears, thereby achieving the purpose of free reset. The disc spring designed in this case also makes it easy to control the energy dissipation effect of the overall structure. When the friction block is in the compliance surface area, the reset spring will allow the friction block to rotate from the unloading position back to the natural position.

[0017] Preferably, along the front-to-back direction of the substrate (i.e., along the width direction of the substrate), the lengths of the limit end keys, the limit webs, and the limit middle keys are equal and smaller than the width of the substrate in the front-to-back direction; this design can avoid unnecessary material expenditure, making the structure of the entire energy absorber simpler and neater, and convenient for installation and use.

[0018] Preferably, the base plate is a rectangular steel plate, and the limiting web is formed by symmetrically cutting off a triangular prism at each end of a rectangular plane steel plate to ensure the toughness of the limiting web, and the limiting end key and the limiting middle key are both rectangular quadrangular prism structures.

[0019] Preferably, along the front-to-back direction of the substrate (i.e., along the width direction of the substrate), the width of the web and wing plate of the drive plate is equal to the length of the limiting web; this design can avoid unnecessary material expenditure, making the structure of the entire energy absorber simpler and neater, and convenient for installation and use.

[0020] Preferably, when the drive plate moves to the wing plate and contacts the limit middle key, the friction surface of the friction block moves to the corresponding area of ​​the compliant surface; when the drive plate moves to the wing plate and contacts the friction block, or when the right inclined surface of the friction block just rotates to contact the inclined surface of the limit belly plate, the friction surface of the friction block moves to the corresponding area of ​​the working surface; by designing the structural materials and dimensions of the entire energy absorber, the displacement amplitude and axial force that the energy absorber can withstand can be controlled.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The stretched-out friction energy absorber provided by the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art: 1. It has good resistance and energy dissipation capacity during earthquake dislocation, can limit structural dislocation and effectively dissipate earthquake energy; at the same time, the energy absorber of this case has no resistance during earthquake resetting, and can therefore be easily reset under the elastic drive of the overall structure; 2. The energy absorber of this case only consumes energy during the stretched-out process, and does not provide force response in other working conditions including stretched resetting, compressed-out and compressed resetting, thus solving the compressive buckling problem that may occur when the energy absorber is installed in an energy-absorbing support; 3. When the friction energy absorber of this case is installed on two cross-arranged supports, earthquake energy dissipation and resetting in two opposite directions can be achieved, and the comprehensive performance is excellent; 4. The energy absorber of this case has a simpler structure and more convenient control of technical parameters; 5. The working displacement of the energy absorber of this case can be unlimited, which can save the consumption and installation of high-elastic materials specially used for resetting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the energy dissipator of the present invention in a natural position (natural state);

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the present invention (the parts outside the dot-dash line are independent views of some components);

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cover plate in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the drive plate in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the friction block in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the restraining bolt structure of the present invention (the friction block is not drawn);

[0028] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram (front view) of a certain state of the energy dissipator of the present invention during the elongation process;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram (front view) of a certain state of the energy dissipator of the present invention during the process of back-pressing after being stretched;

[0030] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram (front view) of a certain state of the energy absorber of the present invention in the process of being compressed or in the process of being pulled back after being compressed;

[0031] The figure includes: 1-cover plate, 2-drive plate, 3-friction block, 4-reset spring, 5-constraint bolt structure, 6-disc spring;

[0032] 1-1-base plate, 1-2-limiting web, 1-3-limiting end key, 1-4-limiting middle key, 1-5-recess, 1-6-screw hole;

[0033] 2-1-compliant surface, 2-2-working surface, 2-3-transition slope, 2-4-wing plate;

[0034] 3-1-seat bottom, 3-2-right inclined surface, 3-3-right side surface, 3-4-small slope, 3-5-friction surface, 3-6-left inclined surface, 3-7-left side surface;

[0035] 5-1-screw, 5-2-limiting nut, 5-3-loading nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 The figure shows a stretched-out friction energy absorber, comprising two cover plates 1, two drive plates 2 and four friction blocks 3. The two cover plates 1 are symmetrically arranged up and down, the two drive plates 2 are symmetrically arranged in the two cover plates 1, and the four friction blocks 3 are symmetrically arranged in the two cover plates 1 up and down and left and right.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the cover plate 1 includes a base plate 1-1, and a limiting web 1-2, two limiting end keys 1-3 and a limiting middle key 1-4 are arranged on the inner side. The limiting web 1-2 is arranged in the middle position of the base plate 1-1, the limiting middle key 1-4 is arranged in the middle position of the limiting web 1-2, and the two limiting end keys 1-3 are arranged symmetrically at the two ends of the base plate 1-1; the limiting web 1-2 is a quadrangular prism structure with a trapezoidal cross section, and the side where the long bottom side of the trapezoid is located is arranged in contact with the base plate 1-1; the trapezoidal space formed by the inclined surface of the limiting web 1-2 and the adjacent limiting end keys 1-3 is called a groove 1-5. The base plate 1-1 is a rectangular steel plate, and the limiting web 1-2 is formed by symmetrically cutting off a triangular prism at each end of a rectangular flat steel plate, and the limiting end keys 1-3 and the limiting middle key 1-4 are both rectangular quadrangular prism structures.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, the drive plate 2 includes two steel plates spliced ​​into a T-shaped structure, one steel plate extending to both sides is called a wing plate 2-4, and the other steel plate is called a web plate, and the thickness of the web plate is different; the thickness of the portion close to the wing plate 2-4 is relatively thick, and its upper and lower surfaces are called working surfaces 2-2; the thickness of the portion away from the wing plate 2-4 is relatively thin, and its upper and lower surfaces are called compliance surfaces 2-1, and the working surface 2-2 and the compliance surface 2-1 are transitioned by a transition slope 2-3. Along the front-to-back direction of the base plate 1-1 (i.e., along the width direction of the base plate 1-1), the lengths of the limit end key 1-3, the limit web plate 1-2, and the limit middle key 1-4 are equal and less than the width of the base plate 1-1 in the front-to-back direction; the widths of the web plate and the wing plate 2-4 of the drive plate 2 are equal to the length of the limit web plate 1-2.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the friction block 3 is a seven-prism structure, the two end faces are respectively called the front end face and the rear end face, the seven side faces are respectively called the seat bottom face 3-1, the right inclined face 3-2, the right side face 3-3, the small slope 3-4, the friction face 3-5, the left inclined face 3-6 and the left side face 3-7, the seat bottom face 3-1 is parallel to the friction face 3-5, and the projection of the left line of the friction face 3-5 on the seat bottom face 3-1 is located to the right of the right line of the seat bottom face 3-1.

[0042] The drive plate 2 is placed horizontally between the upper and lower cover plates 1, the friction block 3 is clamped between the web plate and the cover plate 1, the upper and lower surfaces of the wing plate 2-4 are respectively fitted with the side surfaces where the short bottom edges of the upper and lower limiting web plates 1-2 are located, the web plate extends in the direction away from the limiting middle key 1-4, and the friction block 3 and the limiting middle key 1-4 constitute a limiting structure for the wing plate; in the natural position of the drive plate 2, the seat bottom surface 3-1 is in stress-free contact with the bottom surface of the groove 1-5, the friction surface 3-5 is in stress-free contact with the compliance surface 2-1, the small slope 3-4 is in stress-free contact with the transition slope 2-3, the left side surface 3-7 is in stress-free contact with the limiting end key 1-3, and there is an angle between the right inclined surface 3-2 and the inclined surface of the limiting web 1-2, and the angle can ensure the natural rotation space required for the friction block 3 to rotate in the reverse unloading state. When the drive plate 2 moves to the wing plate 2-4 and contacts the limit middle key 1-4, the friction surface 3-5 of the friction block 3 moves to the corresponding area of ​​the compliance surface 2-1; when the drive plate 2 moves to the wing plate 2-4 and contacts the friction block 3, or when the right inclined surface 3-2 of the friction block just rotates to contact the inclined surface of the limit belly plate 1-2, the friction surface 3-5 of the friction block moves to the corresponding area of ​​the working surface 2-2.

[0043] Four screw holes 1-6 are symmetrically arranged on the substrate 1-1 in front, back, left and right directions, and a screw hole 1-6 is distributed on each of the front and back sides of each slot 1-5. The upper and lower substrates 1-1 are connected by four constraint bolt structures 5; the constraint bolt structure 5 includes a screw rod 5-1, two loading nuts 5-3 and two limiting nuts 5-2. The screw rod 5-1 passes through the screw holes 1-6 corresponding to the upper and lower substrates 1-1, and the limiting nuts 5-2 are installed on the screw rod 5-1 in contact with the inner side surface of the substrate 1-1. A disc spring 6 is sleeved on the screw 5-1, and the disc spring 6 is limited between the outer side surface of the substrate 1-1 and the loading nuts 5-3 by the loading nuts 5-3.

[0044] The front end face and the rear end face of the friction block 3 are each connected to the base plate 1-1 through a return spring 4. The connection point of the return spring 4 on the friction block 3 is located in the angle area formed by the left side face 3-7 and the bottom face 3-1 of the seat. The connection point of the return spring 4 on the base plate 1-1 is in the area directly opposite to the limit end key 1-3.

[0045] The drive plate 2 is clamped between the two cover plates 1, and the upper and lower surfaces of the wing plate 2-4 are in contact with the inner surface of the limiting web 1-2; the friction block 3 is clamped between the cover plate 1 and the compliance surface 2-1, wherein the seat bottom surface 3-1 is in contact with the inner surface of the base plate 1-1, the friction surface 3-5 is in contact with the compliance surface 2-1, and the small slope 3-4 is in matching contact with the transition slope 2-3; the reset spring 4 is installed at one end at the root of the friction block 3, and the other end is installed at a position slightly deviated outward from the root of the friction block 3 corresponding to the base plate 1-1, and also at the position corresponding to the limiting end key 1-3; the screw 5-1 of the loading bolt structure 5 passes through the screw hole 1-6 corresponding to the upper and lower positions, the limiting nut 5-2 is tightly attached to the base plate 1-1 on the inner side of the cover plate 1, and the loading nut 5-3 is on the outer side of the cover plate 1; the disc spring 6 passes through the screw 5-1 and is located between the outer surface of the cover plate 1 and the loading nut 5-3.

[0046] When working, Figure 7 As shown, when the left and right side drive plates 2 are pulled out of position by the outward force, the transition slope 2-3 of the drive plate 2 squeezes the small slope 3-4 of the friction block outward and upward, thereby driving the friction block to move as a whole toward the cover plate 1 until the working surface 2-2 of the drive plate 2 contacts the friction surface 3-5 of the friction block and stops moving. During this process, the seat bottom surface 3-1 of the friction block also drives the cover plate 1 to move in the direction perpendicular to the plate surface outward, but is resisted by the disc spring 6 and the loading nut 5-3, thereby generating a strong positive contact pressure between the friction surface 3-5 of the friction block and the working surface 2-2 of the drive plate 2. Therefore, when the drive plate 2 continues to be pulled outward, a strong friction resistance will be generated between the friction surface 3-5 of the friction block and the working surface 2-2 of the drive plate 2, thereby forming friction energy consumption, until the wing plate 2-4 of the drive plate 2 contacts the friction block, and the sliding friction energy consumption ends; then, as shown in Figure 8 As shown, when the drive plates 2 on both sides are reset by the inward pressure, the friction block rotates around the common edge of the seat bottom surface 3-1 and the left side surface 3-7 due to the unbalanced force, thereby reducing the vertical height of the friction block 3, and the upper and lower cover plates 1 move inward and release the pressure established by the disc spring 6 and the loading bolt 5-3, thereby relieving the friction force in the reset process and achieving free reset until the friction block 3 slides down the transition slope 2-3 of the drive plate 2 and returns to the position before the force is applied under the action of the reset spring 4.

[0047] like Fig. 9As shown, when the left and right side drive plates 2 are displaced by inward pressure, since the vertical net distance between the cover plate 1 and the compliance surface 2-1 can just accommodate the height of the friction block 3 in its natural position, there is no positive pressure between the friction block 3 and the compliance surface 2-1, and thus there is no friction between the two. Therefore, the compression and dislocation process is a free displacement process, until the wing plate 2-4 of the drive plate 2 contacts the limit center key 1-4, and the free compression process ends. Thereafter, when the two side drive plates 2 are reset by outward pulling force, there is still no positive pressure between the friction block 3 and the compliance surface 2-1, and thus there is no friction between the two. Therefore, the process of compression and reset is also a free displacement process until it returns to the state before the force is applied.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0050] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any form, and any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stretched out friction energy absorber, characterized in that: The invention comprises two cover plates (1), two drive plates (2) and four friction blocks (3), wherein the two cover plates (1) are symmetrically arranged vertically, the two drive plates (2) are symmetrically arranged in the two cover plates (1), and the four friction blocks (3) are symmetrically arranged in the two cover plates (1); The cover plate (1) comprises a base plate (1-1), and a limiting web plate (1-2), two limiting end keys (1-3) and a limiting middle key (1-4) are arranged on the inner side surface; the limiting web plate (1-2) is arranged at the middle position of the base plate (1-1), the limiting middle key (1-4) is arranged at the middle position of the limiting web plate (1-2), and the two limiting end keys (1-3) are arranged symmetrically at the two ends of the base plate (1-1); the limiting web plate (1-2) is a quadrangular prism structure with a trapezoidal cross section, and the side surface where the long bottom side of the trapezoid is located is arranged in contact with the base plate (1-1); the trapezoidal space formed by the inclined surface of the limiting web plate (1-2) and the adjacent limiting end keys (1-3) is called a groove (1-5); The drive plate (2) comprises two steel plates spliced ​​into a T-shaped structure, wherein one steel plate extending to both sides is called a wing plate (2-4), and the other steel plate is called a web plate, and the thickness of the web plate is different; the portion close to the wing plate (2-4) is thicker, and its upper and lower surfaces are called working surfaces (2-2); the portion away from the wing plate (2-4) is thinner, and its upper and lower surfaces are called compliance surfaces (2-1), and the working surface (2-2) and the compliance surface (2-1) are transitioned by a transition slope (2-3); The friction block (3) is a seven-prism structure, the two end faces are respectively called the front end face and the rear end face, the seven side faces are respectively called the seat bottom face (3-1), the right inclined face (3-2), the right side face (3-3), the small slope (3-4), the friction face (3-5), the left inclined face (3-6) and the left side face (3-7), the seat bottom face (3-1) is parallel to the friction face (3-5), and the projection of the left line of the friction face (3-5) on the seat bottom face (3-1) is located on the right side of the right line of the seat bottom face (3-1); The drive plate (2) is horizontally placed between the upper and lower cover plates (1), the friction block (3) is clamped between the web plate and the cover plate (1), the upper and lower surfaces of the wing plate (2-4) are respectively fitted with the side surfaces where the short bottom edges of the upper and lower limiting web plates (1-2) are located, the web plate extends in a direction away from the limiting middle key (1-4), and the friction block (3) and the limiting middle key (1-4) constitute a limiting structure for the wing plate; in the natural position of the drive plate (2), the seat bottom surface (3-1) is in stress-free contact with the bottom surface of the groove (1-5), the friction surface (3-5) is in stress-free contact with the compliance surface (2-1), the small slope (3-4) is in stress-free contact with the transition slope (2-3), the left side surface (3-7) is in stress-free contact with the limiting end key (1-3), and the right inclined surface (3-2) and the inclined surface of the limiting web plate (1-2) have an angle; Four screw holes (1-6) are symmetrically arranged on the base plate (1-1) in front, back, left and right directions. Each slot (1-5) has a screw hole (1-6) on both sides of the front and back sides. The upper and lower base plates (1-1) are connected by four restraining bolt structures (5); the restraining bolt structure (5) comprises a screw rod (5-1), two loading nuts (5-3) and two limiting nuts (5-2). The screw rod (5-1) passes through the screw holes (1-6) corresponding to the upper and lower base plates (1-1). The limiting nuts (5-2) are mounted on the screw rod (5-1) in contact with the inner side surface of the base plate (1-1). A disc spring (6) is sleeved on the screw rod (5-1). The disc spring (6) is limited between the outer side surface of the base plate (1-1) and the loading nuts (5-3) by the loading nuts (5-3).

2. The stretching friction energy dissipator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The front end face and the rear end face of the friction block (3) are each connected to the base plate (1-1) via a return spring (4); the connection point of the return spring (4) on the friction block (3) is located in the angle region formed by the left side face (3-7) and the seat bottom face (3-1); and the connection point of the return spring (4) on the base plate (1-1) is located in the region directly opposite to the limit end key (1-3).

3. The stretching friction energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the front-to-back direction of the base plate (1-1), the lengths of the limiting end key (1-3), the limiting web (1-2) and the limiting middle key (1-4) are equal and smaller than the width of the base plate (1-1) in the front-to-back direction.

4. The stretching friction energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base plate (1-1) is a rectangular steel plate, the limiting web (1-2) is formed by symmetrically cutting off a triangular prism at each end of a rectangular plane steel plate, and the limiting end key (1-3) and the limiting middle key (1-4) are both rectangular quadrangular prism structures.

5. The stretching friction energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the front-rear direction of the base plate (1-1), the widths of the web and wing plates (2-4) of the drive plate (2) are equal to the length of the limiting web (1-2).

6. The stretching friction energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the drive plate (2) moves to the wing plate (2-4) and contacts the limiting middle key (1-4), the friction surface (3-5) of the friction block (3) moves to the corresponding area of ​​the compliance surface (2-1); when the drive plate (2) moves to the wing plate (2-4) and contacts the friction block (3), or when the right inclined surface (3-2) of the friction block just rotates to contact the inclined surface of the limiting web (1-2), the friction surface (3-5) of the friction block moves to the corresponding area of ​​the working surface (2-2).

Images