Method for continuous planting of broccoli tails in situ and returning them to the field

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular to the research field of planting technology of cruciferous plants, and more specifically to the continuous planting method of broccoli, by controlling the crushing volume of broccoli tails by rotary tillage, and combining soil water saturation control, thereby achieving effective control of phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in the decomposition products of broccoli tails. The present invention is a simpler and more practical way to process broccoli tails. After the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, not only can continuous broccoli cropping be achieved, but also there is no need to worry about the broccoli tails carrying pathogens, and there is no risk of secondary pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to the research field of planting technology of cruciferous plants, and more specifically to a method for continuously planting broccoli tails by returning them to the field in situ. Background Art

[0002] Broccoli, also known as green cauliflower, is a plant of the genus Brassica in the family Cruciferae. Broccoli does not have high requirements for the soil itself, as long as it is easy to drain and irrigate, it can be used as the cultivation soil for broccoli. Therefore, both sandy soil and clay soil can be used as the cultivation soil for broccoli.

[0003] However, since broccoli has high requirements for soil fertility, how to ensure soil fertility during broccoli cultivation is a hot issue that technicians in this field need to solve.

[0004] At the same time, after the vegetables are picked, a large number of inedible parts such as roots, stems, leaves, etc. are discarded. If these agricultural wastes are not used reasonably, they will cause waste of resources and environmental pollution.

[0005] Returning the waste to the field in situ is an ideal method for waste treatment. For example, CN111295964B discloses a method for returning the straw of solanaceous vegetables to the field in situ, including pre-treatment, straw treatment, application of straw decomposing agent, soil plowing and suffocation treatment, wherein the pre-treatment, after the vegetables are harvested, the pre-treatment operation is performed in the following order: a) 667m2 of leaf surface is evenly sprayed with 50-60kg of 2%-2.5% urea aqueous solution; b) after an interval of 1 day, the vents of the facility are closed to release high-efficiency and low-toxic insecticide and fungicide smoke; c) the facility is sealed for 2-3 days, and the indoor daytime temperature is maintained at 70℃-80℃, and then the air is released; d) the hanging rope is untied and removed, and the non-biodegradable mulch covering the surface is removed. This method can increase the rate of decomposition, and at the same time, nitrogen is applied by spraying the leaves of living plants, which reduces the use of urea, and can reduce the use of urea by 70-80%, while reducing the amount of nitrogen leaching in the soil.

[0006] However, how to realize continuous planting of broccoli has not been reported in the prior art. At the same time, it is generally believed in the art that long-term continuous planting of broccoli causes continuous planting obstacles and affects broccoli yield. There is even a consensus in the art that broccoli does not like continuous planting with cruciferous plants. This is also the reason why rotation or intercropping is commonly used in the current broccoli planting process. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to develop a method for returning broccoli to the field in situ, and based on this method, to achieve continuous planting of broccoli, thereby not only saving costs but also promoting better development of the broccoli industry.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a method for continuously planting broccoli tails by returning them to the field in situ, which method comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) After harvesting, use a rotary tiller to crush and till the broccoli remaining in the field;

[0010] (2) taking field soil as an analysis sample, performing soil composition analysis, and obtaining the organic matter content, phosphorus content, and potassium content in the soil to be treated;

[0011] (3) Spread the decomposed cow dung or sheep dung evenly on the soil surface, and then till the soil once;

[0012] (4) laying a ground film on the soil surface and laying a drip irrigation belt under the film, using drip irrigation to make the water saturation of the soil to be treated reach the preset field water holding capacity, closing the greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse for 20-30 days. During the sealing period, continuously monitor the soil moisture content. If the moisture content is lower than the preset field water holding capacity, add water to the soil through the drip irrigation belt to ensure that the field water holding capacity at each stage during the whole process is within the preset field water holding capacity range;

[0013] (5) After the closure treatment is completed, open the greenhouse and dry it in a natural state;

[0014] (6) After rotary tillage, continue to plant the next crop of broccoli.

[0015] Preferably, the sealing time of the greenhouse in the step (4) is set in the following manner: the soil organic matter content, available phosphorus content and available potassium content measured in the step (2) are compared with the organic matter content, available phosphorus content and available potassium content of the soil nutrients required for broccoli cultivation, and the most urgent type of nutrients to be improved is determined. If the nutrient is available phosphorus, the greenhouse is sealed for about 28 days; if the nutrient is available potassium, the greenhouse is sealed for about 14 days; if the nutrient contains organic matter, it is necessary to combine the local soil type. When it is sandy soil, the greenhouse is sealed for about 14 days; when it is clay, the greenhouse is sealed for about 21 days.

[0016] The "around" mentioned here refers to within ±2 days.

[0017] Further preferably, the preset field capacity refers to a soil moisture saturation of 60%.

[0018] Further preferably, the rotary tillage is performed twice in step (1). Through the two rotary tillages, the weight of the broccoli tails with a particle size of less than 5 cm returned to the field is about 44.83%, and the weight of the particle size of 5 cm-10 cm returned to the field is about 38.27%. Under such particle size control, the returning effect is best.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, in step (5), the soil is aired until the moisture saturation of the soil is reduced to below 40%.

[0020] The technical solution disclosed in the present invention does not need to add various microbial strains as inducers. The crushing volume of broccoli tails is controlled by rotary tillage, and combined with soil water saturation control, effective control of phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in the decomposition products of broccoli tails is achieved. The present invention is a simpler and more practical way to process broccoli tails. After the technical solution disclosed in the present invention is adopted, not only can continuous cropping of broccoli be achieved, but also there is no need to spray additional microbial agents, and there is no risk of secondary pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of organic matter status under different treatments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] The broccoli tails used in the following examples were all taken from the broccoli planting demonstration base in Xiangshui County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province (34°2′N, 119°56′E), which has a continental monsoon climate with mild, warm and humid weather, moderate rainfall, sufficient sunshine, and four distinct seasons.

[0024] The first group of soil samples were taken from the 0-25cm tillage layer of the vegetable greenhouse in Zhuzhen Town, Liuhe District, Nanjing. The soil was first pre-treated in the field by passing through a 1cm (2.5 mesh) sieve, then bagged and brought back to the laboratory and passed through a 0.85mm (20 mesh) sieve to remove plant roots and pebbles.

[0025] The second group of soil samples were taken from the 0-25 cm tillage layer of the vegetable greenhouse in Longpao Street, Nanjing. The soil was first pre-treated in the field by passing through a 1 cm (2.5 mesh) sieve, then bagged and brought back to the laboratory and passed through a 0.85 mm (20 mesh) sieve to remove plant roots and pebbles.

[0026] The test bucket used in the following examples has a size of 22 cm long × 22 cm wide × 30 cm high; the nylon mesh bag used in the test has a size of 15 cm × 20 cm and a mesh size of 200 meshes.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] This embodiment is a field return decomposition simulation test, and the entire test process is carried out in an artificial climate chamber.

[0029] The first group of soil samples and the second group of soil samples were taken for testing to verify the effects of different soil moisture saturations on different nutrients.

[0030] In this example, we selected field water holding capacity as the main research factor. Except for field water holding capacity, other factors were consistent among the experiments.

[0031] The experimental groups were specifically set up as follows: 1) group: soil water saturation 60%; 2) group: soil water saturation 80%; 3) group: soil water saturation 100%. Each treatment was set up with 3 replicates.

[0032] The specific process of the experiment is as follows: Based on the general planting density of broccoli planting areas and the stem-leaf ratio of broccoli tails being 1.5:1, the addition amount of broccoli tails was determined to be 1% in this experiment.

[0033] The appropriate amount of soil for each test barrel is 13 kg. Based on the 1% broccoli addition, it is calculated that 130 g of broccoli should be added to each barrel, with a stem-to-leaf ratio of 1.5:1.

[0034] Four mesh bags were buried in each bucket for sampling at four time points: the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day. In order to ensure the accuracy of the data, each mesh bag was filled with 1kg of soil, and 10g of broccoli was added to each bag at a 1% addition rate. The remaining soil and broccoli were then mixed and put into the bucket. During the addition process, the weight of broccoli with a particle size of less than 5cm was ensured to be about 44.83%, the weight of particles with a particle size between 5cm and 10cm was about 38.27%, and there was no significant difference in the broccoli in each mesh bag.

[0035] The net bags were buried vertically about 15 cm from the soil surface, leaving gaps between the four net bags and filling the surroundings with soil. The test buckets were numbered and weighed and watered later to ensure that the overall soil moisture content in the bucket remained unchanged. Water was added once every two days, that is, water was added based on the weight change.

[0036] The sampling time was 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the straw was returned to the field. Three bags were randomly taken from each treatment each time, and one bag was taken from each replicate. The soil was separated after the net bags were taken out, and the N, P, K and organic matter in the soil were determined. The results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 shown.

[0037] Table 1: Soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content under different treatments

[0038]

[0039] Note: Different letters indicate that the nutrient content of different water treatments is significantly different at the P<0.05 level, where clay data differences are represented by lowercase letters, and sandy soils are represented by uppercase letters.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] After broccoli was harvested at the broccoli planting demonstration base in Xiangshui County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province (34°2′N, 119°56′E), an in-situ field return experiment was conducted. (1) After harvesting, the broccoli tails remaining in the field were tilled twice using a Shenghe 1GQN-160 medium-frame rotary tiller. After rotary tillage, the weight of the broccoli tails returned to the field with a particle size of less than 5 cm was about 44.83%, and the weight of the broccoli tails with a particle size between 5 cm and 10 cm was about 38.27%;

[0042] (2) Field soil was taken as an analytical sample for soil composition analysis, where the organic matter content was 13 g / kg, the available phosphorus content in the soil was 29.22 mg / kg, and the available potassium content in the soil was 212 mg / kg;

[0043] (3) Spread the decomposed cow dung evenly on the soil surface and then till the soil once;

[0044] (4) Compare the soil organic matter content, available phosphorus content and available potassium content measured in step (2) with the organic matter content, available phosphorus content and available potassium content of the soil nutrients required for broccoli cultivation, and determine the most urgent type of nutrients to be improved. In this embodiment, after comparative calculation, it is determined that the most urgent type of nutrients to be improved is organic matter and the soil type is sandy soil. Therefore, according to the judgment rule, the time for sealing the greenhouse is determined to be about 14 days.

[0045] Lay a mulch film on the soil surface and lay a drip irrigation tape under the film. Use drip irrigation to make the water saturation of the treated soil reach the preset field water holding capacity. Close the greenhouse and seal the greenhouse for 14 days. During the sealing period, continuously monitor the soil moisture content. If the moisture content is lower than the preset field water holding capacity, add water to the soil through the drip irrigation tape to ensure that the field water holding capacity at each stage is within the preset field water holding capacity range throughout the process;

[0046] (5) After the closure treatment is completed, open the greenhouse and dry it in a natural state;

[0047] The nutrient content in the soil was measured again, among which the organic matter content was 18g / kg, the effective phosphorus content in the soil was 31.45mg / kg, and the available potassium content in the soil was 245mg / kg; it can be seen that compared with the original soil nutrients, the organic matter content increased by 38.46%, the effective phosphorus content increased by 7.63%, and the available potassium content increased by 15.57%;

[0048] (6) After rotary tillage, the next crop of broccoli was planted. The yield of the next crop of broccoli reached 2076 kg / mu, which was not significantly different from the yield of the previous crop of broccoli (2050 kg / mu). This showed that returning the last leaves of broccoli to the field for continuous planting had no effect on the yield of broccoli.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] After broccoli was harvested, an in-situ field return experiment was carried out at the Liuhe Base of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Zhuzhen Town, Liuhe District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province (32°48′N, 118°61′E). The soil type here is clay.

[0051] (1) After harvesting, use a medium-frame rotary tiller to till the remaining broccoli in the field twice.

[0052] (2) Field soil was taken as an analytical sample for soil composition analysis, where the organic matter content was 21 g / kg, the available phosphorus content in the soil was 35.17 mg / kg, and the available potassium content in the soil was 281 mg / kg;

[0053] (3) Spread the decomposed sheep manure evenly on the soil surface, and then till the soil once;

[0054] (4) Compare the soil organic matter content, available phosphorus content and available potassium content measured in step (2) with the organic matter content, available phosphorus content and available potassium content of the soil nutrients required for broccoli cultivation, and determine the most urgent type of nutrients to be improved. In this embodiment, after comparative calculation, it is determined that the most urgent type of nutrients to be improved is organic matter and the soil type is clay. Therefore, according to the judgment rule, the time for sealing the greenhouse is determined to be about 21 days.

[0055] Lay a mulch film on the soil surface and lay a drip irrigation belt under the film. Use drip irrigation to make the water saturation of the treated soil reach the preset field water holding capacity. Close the greenhouse and seal the greenhouse for 21 days. During the sealing period, continuously monitor the soil moisture content. If the moisture content is lower than the preset field water holding capacity, add water to the soil through the drip irrigation belt to ensure that the field water holding capacity at each stage is within the preset field water holding capacity during the whole process;

[0056] (5) After the closure treatment is completed, open the greenhouse and dry it in a natural state;

[0057] The nutrient content in the soil was measured again, among which the organic matter content was 26g / kg, the effective phosphorus content in the soil was 35.89mg / kg, and the available potassium content in the soil was 295mg / kg; it can be seen that compared with the original soil nutrients, the organic matter content increased by 23.81%, the effective phosphorus content increased by 2.05%, and the available potassium content increased by 4.98%, and the organic matter was significantly improved;

[0058] (6) After rotary tillage, the next crop of broccoli was planted. The yield of the next crop of broccoli reached 2375 kg / mu, which was not significantly different from the yield of the previous crop of broccoli (2320 kg / mu), indicating that returning the broccoli tail to the field for continuous planting had no effect on the yield of broccoli.

[0059] After broccoli was harvested, an in-situ field return experiment was carried out in Longpao Modern Agricultural Industrial Park, Longpao Street, Liuhe District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province (32°27′N, 118°98′E). The soil type here is sandy.

[0060] (1) After harvesting, use a medium-frame rotary tiller to till the remaining broccoli in the field twice.

[0061] (2) Field soil was taken as an analysis sample for soil composition analysis, where the organic matter content was 32 g / kg, the available phosphorus content in the soil was 27.47 mg / kg, and the available potassium content in the soil was 95 mg / kg;

[0062] (3) Spread the decomposed cow dung evenly on the soil surface and then till the soil once;

[0063] (4) Compare the soil organic matter content, available phosphorus content and available potassium content measured in step (2) with the organic matter content, available phosphorus content and available potassium content of the soil nutrients required for broccoli cultivation, and determine the most urgent type of nutrients to be improved. In this embodiment, after comparative calculation, it is determined that the most urgent type of nutrient to be improved is available potassium. Therefore, according to the judgment rule, the time for sealing the greenhouse is determined to be about 14 days.

[0064] Lay a mulch film on the soil surface and lay a drip irrigation tape under the film. Use drip irrigation to make the water saturation of the treated soil reach the preset field water holding capacity. Close the greenhouse and seal the greenhouse for 14 days. During the sealing period, continuously monitor the soil moisture content. If the moisture content is lower than the preset field water holding capacity, add water to the soil through the drip irrigation tape to ensure that the field water holding capacity at each stage is within the preset field water holding capacity range throughout the process;

[0065] (5) After the closure treatment is completed, open the greenhouse and dry it in a natural state;

[0066] The nutrient content in the soil was measured again, among which the organic matter content was 35g / kg, the effective phosphorus content in the soil was 32.21mg / kg, and the available potassium content in the soil was 137mg / kg; it can be seen that compared with the original soil nutrients, the organic matter content increased by 0.66%, the effective phosphorus content increased by 19.37%, and the available potassium content increased by 44.21%, and the organic matter was significantly improved;

[0067] (6) After rotary tillage, the next crop of broccoli was planted. The yield of the next crop of broccoli reached 2560 kg / mu, which was significantly higher than the yield of the previous crop of broccoli (2400 kg / mu).

[0068] The above is a specific implementation of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for continuously planting broccoli tail leaves by returning them to the field in situ, characterized in that: The method does not require the addition of additional microbial agents, and effectively controls phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter in the decomposition products of broccoli tails by controlling the crushing volume of broccoli tails and the soil water saturation. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: (1) After harvesting, the broccoli tails remaining in the field are crushed and tilled using a rotary tiller; the weight proportion of the crushed broccoli tails with a particle size of less than 5 cm is about 44.83%, and the weight proportion of the particle size of 5 cm-10 cm is about 38.27%; (2) Take field soil as an analysis sample and conduct soil composition analysis to obtain the organic matter content, phosphorus content, and potassium content in the soil to be treated; (3) Spread the decomposed cow dung or sheep dung evenly on the soil surface, and then till the soil once; (4) Lay a mulch film on the soil surface and lay a drip irrigation tape under the film. Use drip irrigation to make the water saturation of the treated soil reach the preset field water holding capacity. Close the greenhouse and seal the greenhouse for 20-30 days. During the sealing period, continuously monitor the soil moisture content. If the moisture content is lower than the preset field water holding capacity, add water to the soil through the drip irrigation tape to ensure that the field water holding capacity at each stage is within the preset field water holding capacity during the whole process. The preset field capacity refers to soil water saturation of 60%; The time for sealing the greenhouse is set in the following manner: compare the soil organic matter content, phosphorus content and potassium content measured in step (2) with the organic matter content, phosphorus content and potassium content of the soil nutrients required for broccoli cultivation, and determine the most urgent type of nutrient to be improved. If the nutrient is phosphorus, the greenhouse is sealed for about 28 days; if the nutrient is potassium, the greenhouse is sealed for about 14 days; if the nutrient contains organic matter, it is necessary to combine the local soil type. When it is sandy soil, the greenhouse is sealed for about 14 days; when it is clay soil, the greenhouse is sealed for about 21 days; (5) After the sealing treatment is completed, open the greenhouse and dry it in a natural state; (6) After rotary tillage, continue planting the next crop of broccoli.

2. The method for continuous cropping of broccoli tail leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), rotary tillage is performed twice.

3. The method for continuous cropping of broccoli tail leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (5), the soil is air-dried until the soil moisture saturation drops below 40%.

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