A steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of shield machines, and discloses a steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology, comprising: a front shield and a rear shield, which are connected by a ball joint between the front shield and the rear shield, and a shield shell for assisting steering is arranged on the outer side of the front shield; the front shield includes a cutter head, a soil chamber and an equipment chamber in sequence from outside to inside in the axial direction, and the rear shield includes a driving mechanism, a propulsion jack and a preset part arranged in front of the lining; the driving mechanism includes an inner cushion layer and an outer cushion layer, a longitudinal driving belt and a transverse driving belt are arranged on the inner cushion layer, and an extrusion part for pushing the inner cushion layer is arranged on the outer cushion layer; one end of the equipment chamber is cylindrical and the other end is frustum-shaped, the cylindrical side is connected to the soil chamber, and the frustum side is respectively in contact with the longitudinal driving belt and the transverse driving belt. The present invention is applicable to karst strata. After the front shield has a nose dive or deflection, the attitude of the front shield can be adjusted without damaging the already installed lining segments, and at the same time, the damage to the equipment caused by the accident can be minimized to the greatest extent in a nose dive accident.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shield machines, and particularly to a steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology. Background Art

[0002] A shield machine is not only a construction tool but also a powerful temporary support structure. It uses the already installed lining segments at the tail as a fulcrum to push forward, cuts the soil with a cutter head, and at the same time discharges soil and assembles the precast concrete lining blocks behind.

[0003] The shield tunneling method is a fully mechanized construction method in the subsurface excavation method. It is to push the shield machine in soil or rock, and prevent the surrounding rock from collapsing into the tunnel by the shield shell and the segment support. At the same time, the soil is excavated by a cutting device in front of the excavation face, transported out of the tunnel by an earth removal machine, jacked forward by a jack at the rear, and precast concrete segments are assembled to form a tunnel structure. The shield tunneling method has the advantages of high construction accuracy, safety, low labor intensity, and little environmental impact. When the shield machine tunnels in karst strata, due to the existence of soft strata such as underlying karst caves, the shield machine has a risk of nose diving. If the shield machine nose dives during tunneling, it is difficult to adjust the attitude of the shield machine, and the displacement generated by the nose diving of the shield machine is too large, and there is a risk of crushing the lining segments by the shield tail. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology, which solves the problem that it is difficult to adjust the attitude of the shield machine after nose diving in karst areas.

[0005] A steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology includes: a front shield and a rear shield, which are connected by a spherical hinge, and a shield shell for assisting in steering is provided outside the front shield; the front shield includes a cutter head, a soil chamber and an equipment chamber in sequence from outside to inside in the axial direction, and the rear shield includes a driving mechanism, a propulsion jack and a preset part arranged in front of the lining;

[0006] The driving mechanism includes an inner cushion layer and an outer cushion layer. A longitudinal driving belt and a transverse driving belt are provided on the inner cushion layer, and an extrusion part for pushing the inner cushion layer is provided on the outer cushion layer;

[0007] One end of the equipment chamber is cylindrical and the other end is spherical frustum-shaped. The cylindrical side is connected to the soil chamber, and the spherical frustum side is respectively in contact with the longitudinal driving belt and the transverse driving belt.

[0008] Beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution: The front shield and the rear shield are connected by a spherical hinge on the basis of a traditional shield machine. When the front shield has a nose-down accident in a karst area, it does not affect the attitude of the rear shield. Secondly, longitudinal and transverse drive belts are adopted on the spherical hinge contact surface to drive and adjust the attitude of the front shield. During the adjustment process, the rear shield is connected to the lining through a preset part, and the reaction force generated by adjusting the front shield will not directly act on the lining, which is beneficial to ensuring the safety of the rear shield equipment and the already installed segment lining and preventing the tail of the rear shield from crushing the lining; during the process of adjusting the front shield, it is actively acted by the drive mechanism and is less affected by the external geological conditions.

[0009] Further, the above shield shell is of an arc-shaped structure and is provided with a penetrating inflation port. An airbag is connected to the outside of the inflation port, and a sealing cover is provided inside the inflation port.

[0010] Beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution: An airbag is arranged outside the shield shell to assist the front shield in attitude adjustment, accelerating the adjustment speed and working efficiency.

[0011] Further, both the above longitudinal drive belt and the transverse drive belt are sleeved on the output shaft of the driving part and are driven to rotate by the driving part.

[0012] Further, the above inner cushion layer is provided with a sensor for detecting the rotation torque of the front shield, and the sensor is communicatively connected to an external signal receiver.

[0013] Beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution: The torque change situation of the front shield can be detected through the sensor, which is convenient for the internal staff to master the attitude adjustment accuracy of the front shield in real time.

[0014] Further, both ends of the above preset part are respectively connected to the rear shield and the lining, and there is a gap between the preset part and the lining.

[0015] Further, the front end of the above propulsion jack is connected to the drive mechanism, and the rear end is in contact with the lining.

[0016] Further, a screw conveyor, a man chamber and a cutter head drive are fixedly arranged in the above equipment chamber.

[0017] Further, the above extrusion part is a hydraulic jack.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The steerable shield machine of the present invention is applicable to karst strata. After the front shield has a nose-down or deflection, the attitude of the front shield can be adjusted without damaging the already installed lining blocks; the front shield and the rear shield are connected by a spherical hinge, dividing the shield machine into a front shield responsible for excavation and a rear shield responsible for propulsion and installation of lining segments, realizing the fixation of the rear shield while adjusting the attitude of the front shield. At the same time, in a nose-down accident, the damage to the equipment can be minimized to the greatest extent, and the construction efficiency of the shield machine in karst strata can be effectively improved. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner cushion layer in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer cushion layer in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shield shell in the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1 - front shield; 11 - cutter head; 12 - soil chamber; 13 - equipment chamber; 14 - shield shell; 141 - airbag; 142 - inflation port; 143 - sealing cover; 2 - rear shield; 21 - driving mechanism; 211 - inner cushion layer; 212 - outer cushion layer; 213 - longitudinal driving belt; 214 - transverse driving belt; 215 - extrusion member; 216 - driving member; 22 - lining; 23 - propulsion jack; 24 - preset member. Detailed Embodiment

[0024] The principles and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0025] Refer to Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides a steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology, including: a front shield 1 and a rear shield 2, which are connected by a spherical hinge between the front shield 1 and the rear shield 2, and a shield shell 14 for assisting in steering is provided on the side of the front shield 1;

[0026] Axially, the front shield 1 sequentially includes a cutter head 11, a soil chamber 12 and an equipment chamber 13 from outside to inside, and the rear shield 2 includes a driving mechanism 21, a propulsion jack 23 and a preset member 24 provided in front of the lining 22;

[0027] One end of the equipment chamber 13 is cylindrical and the other end is spherical frustum-shaped. The cylindrical side is connected to the soil chamber 12, and the spherical frustum side is respectively in contact with the longitudinal driving belt 213 and the transverse driving belt 214 in the driving mechanism 21.

[0028] Necessary facilities such as a screw conveyor, a man chamber and a cutter head drive motor are fixedly arranged inside the equipment chamber 13 to ensure the normal propulsion of the shield machine; these facilities are all immovable, and when the front shield 1 rotates and advances or dips, it is ensured that these facilities fixed in the equipment chamber 13 will not fall off.

[0029] The driving mechanism 21 includes an inner cushion layer 211 and an outer cushion layer 212. Both the inner cushion layer 211 and the outer cushion layer 212 are arc-shaped structures, and their contour edges are shaped by stainless steel. Inside the inner cushion layer 211, there are a longitudinal driving belt 213 and a transverse driving belt 214. On the outer cushion layer 212, there is an extrusion member 215 for pushing the inner cushion layer 211. The extrusion member 215 acts on the inner cushion layer 211, pressing the longitudinal driving belt 213 and the transverse driving belt 214 on the inner cushion layer 211 against the articulated spherical surface of the equipment bin 13. The longitudinal driving belt 213 and the transverse driving belt 214 are made of rubber with relatively large adhesiveness to ensure sufficient friction between the driving belts and the articulated spherical surface so that they do not slide relative to each other. The extrusion member 215 is a hydraulic jack. Both the longitudinal driving belt 213 and the transverse driving belt 214 are sleeved on the output shaft of the driving member 216 and are driven to rotate by the driving member 216. The driving member 216 can be selected as a motor or a motor. When the longitudinal driving belt 213 and the transverse driving belt 214 rotate, they can drive the front shield 1 as a whole to rotate.

[0030] The driving mechanism 21 has two working states for the equipment bin 13. One is the active state, and the other is the passive state. When the driving belt is driven by the driving member 216, it is in the active working state. When the driving member 216 does not work, the equipment bin 13 rotates under the action of external forces and the friction between the driving belt, which is the passive working state.

[0031] On the inner cushion layer 211, there is a sensor for detecting the rotation torque of the front shield 1. The sensor maintains a communication connection with a signal receiver outside. When the front shield 1 deflects or dips, the rotation angle can be judged by detecting the torque of the front shield 1 through the sensor. When adjusting the attitude of the front shield 1, the adjustment status can also be grasped in real time through the sensor.

[0032] The shield shell 14 is an arc-shaped structure and has a through inflation port 142. An airbag 141 is connected to the outside of the inflation port 142, and a sealing cover 143 is provided inside the inflation port 142. When the front shield 1 dips, the airbag 141 is inflated through the inflation port 142, and the airbag 141 expands between the front shield 1 and the tunnel inner wall to assist in adjusting the attitude of the front shield 1. The airbag 141 itself needs to be made of wear-resistant and high-pressure-resistant materials to withstand the reaction force during the adjustment process of the front shield 1. In addition to inflation, the airbag 141 can also be filled with liquids such as grouting to make the airbag 141 expand.

[0033] The preset member 24 is a circular lining block. Compared with the normally installed lining blocks, the function of the preset member 24 is to leave enough safety space for the shield machine and the lining 22 to prevent the lining 22 from being damaged when the rear shield 2 displaces. The two ends of the preset member 24 are respectively connected to the rear shield 2 and the lining 22, and there is a gap between the preset member 24 and the lining 22.

[0034] The front end of the thrust top 23 is connected to the driving mechanism 21, and the rear end is in contact with the lining 22. When the shield machine as a whole needs to move forward, the bottom end of the thrust top 23 acts on the side of the lining 22 and pushes the shield machine forward. Then, the lining 22 is installed at the position of the original thrust top 23. The installation of the lining 22 is completed by repeating this cycle.

[0035] Working process of the present invention:

[0036] During normal excavation of the shield, the drive mechanism fixes the equipment bin to make it in a passive rotation state, and at the same time, the posture and rotation torque of the front shield are detected by sensors. When the rotation torque increases sharply, the drive mechanism is allowed to reduce the clamping force on the equipment bin (i.e., close the extrusion piece to push the inner cushion layer, so that the positive pressure between the inner cushion layer and the articulated spherical surface is reduced) to prevent the posture of the front shield from deteriorating and driving the posture change of the rear shield, causing the rear shield to crush the installed lining. When the front shield undergoes a large posture change such as head-falling, first connect the preset parts and the trolley that fix the rear shield through the connector to keep a certain gap between the rear shield and the lining, and then adjust the posture of the front shield through the drive mechanism. Release the auxiliary airbag outward through the shield shell inflation port on the outside of the front shield to assist in adjusting the posture between the front shield and the stratum, and the posture adjustment of the shield machine is completed. Finally, the stratum is pre-grouted inside the shield machine to reinforce the stratum in front of and below the shield machine until it can pass normally.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which does not represent all possible forms of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such special statements and embodiments. According to the technical enlightenment disclosed by the present invention, various other modifications and improvements that do not deviate from the essence of the present invention are made, and these modifications and improvements are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology, characterized in that, Comprising: A front shield (1) and a rear shield (2), which are connected by a ball joint between the front shield (1) and the rear shield (2), and a shield shell (14) for assisting in deviation correction is provided on the outer side of the front shield (1); The front shield (1) sequentially includes a cutter head (11), a soil bin (12) and an equipment bin (13) from outside to inside in the axial direction, and the rear shield (2) includes a driving mechanism (21), a propulsion jack (23) and a preset part (24) arranged in front of the lining (22); The driving mechanism (21) includes an inner cushion layer (211) and an outer cushion layer (212), a longitudinal driving belt (213) and a transverse driving belt (214) are provided on the inner cushion layer (211), and an extrusion part (215) for pushing the inner cushion layer (211) is provided on the outer cushion layer (212); One end of the equipment bin (13) is cylindrical and the other end is frustum-shaped. The cylindrical side is connected to the soil bin (12), and the frustum side is respectively in contact with the longitudinal driving belt (213) and the transverse driving belt (214).

2. The steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shield shell (14) is an arc-shaped structure and is provided with a through inflation port (142). An airbag (141) is connected to the outside of the inflation port (142), and a sealing cover (143) is provided inside the inflation port (142).

3. The steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the longitudinal driving belt (213) and the transverse driving belt (214) are sleeved on the output shaft of a driving part (216) and are driven to rotate by the driving part (216).

4. The steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sensor for detecting the rotation torque of the front shield (1) is provided on the inner cushion layer (211), and the sensor is communicatively connected to a signal receiver outside.

5. The steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the preset part (24) are respectively connected to the rear shield (2) and the lining (22), and a gap is left between the preset part (24) and the lining (22).

6. The steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the propulsion jack (23) is connected to the driving mechanism (21), and the rear end is in contact with the lining (22).

7. The steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology according to claim 1, characterized in that: A screw soil discharger, a manhole and a cutter head drive machine are fixedly arranged in the equipment bin (13).

8. The steerable shield machine applicable to karst geology according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The extrusion part (215) is a hydraulic jack.

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