A method and inoculation device for improving the utilization rate of potato phosphate fertilizer by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and an inoculation device for improving the utilization rate of potato phosphorus fertilizer by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, wherein a better symbiotic relationship is established between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and potato root system at the seedling stage, a large number of extra-root hyphae are formed through symbiosis, and the extra-root hyphae can extend to soil pores that the potato root system cannot reach, and absorb phosphorus under the action of phosphorus transport proteins, thereby increasing the absorption surface area of ​​the potato root system for phosphorus, thereby solving the problem of poor absorption and utilization of phosphorus nutrients by existing potatoes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the application of biological strains in agricultural production, in particular to a method and an inoculation device for improving the utilization rate of potato phosphate fertilizer by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Background Art

[0002] Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for potato growth. When phosphorus fertilizer is applied to the soil, most of the phosphorus is fixed in the soil, so the mobility of phosphorus in the soil is very poor. In addition, the root distribution of potatoes in the field is shallow and the density is low, resulting in a weak ability of potatoes to absorb phosphorus nutrients. In addition, the basis of phosphorus fertilizer in the existing technology is surface application, which makes potatoes poor in absorbing and utilizing phosphorus nutrients. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and an inoculation device for improving the utilization rate of potato phosphate fertilizer by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, so as to solve the problem that the existing potato has poor absorption and utilization of phosphorus nutrients.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] According to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the present invention provides a method for improving the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer of potatoes by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Before sowing, the potatoes are cut into pieces and then sprayed with fungicides by a seed dressing method; phosphate fertilizer is applied during sowing and during the growth period; and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are configured into an aqueous solution. After tillage and soiling and during the potato seedling stage, holes are drilled around the potato root system to obtain soil, the aqueous solution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is inoculated into the holes, and then the holes are filled.

[0006] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fungicide is fludioxonil.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the application rate of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 160 kg / hm 2 , apply 20% phosphate fertilizer as base during sowing, and apply 80% phosphate fertilizer in multiple times through drip irrigation tape during the growth period. The drip irrigation tape is buried 10 cm underground.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi used are endomycorrhizal agents provided by Nanjing Cuijingyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; 2.25 g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are inoculated per potato plant.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the inoculation time of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is 8 days after the inter-cultivation and soil cultivation and after the emergence of potato seedlings.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the inoculation position of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is as follows: a hole is drilled at a radius of 10 cm from the aboveground stem of potato to obtain soil, and the drilling depth is 22 cm.

[0011] As the potato growth period progresses, the potato root system in the field grows from 0 to 70 cm soil layer; the potato root system in the field is shallowly distributed and has a low density. The root system in the seedling stage is mainly distributed in the 0-30 cm soil layer. As the potato growth period progresses further, the root system will further proliferate and grow downward. Before the seedling stage, because the plant has not emerged, it is difficult to accurately grasp the inoculation distance from the plant in the field, resulting in poor ability of the potato root system to form symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), while the potato root system in the seedling stage grows more vigorously, and the inoculation distance from the plant can also be accurately grasped, thereby increasing the contact area between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent and the root system, further increasing the ability of the fungal hyphae to invade the root system, and having a strong ability to form symbiosis with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; after the seedling stage, the symbiotic relationship can proceed smoothly; therefore, the present invention is inoculated after emergence and at a depth of 22 cm in the soil layer.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the original soil taken out through drilling is used for backfilling to maintain the original soil environment near the potato root system and avoid drastic changes in the root growth environment caused by backfilling with new soil.

[0013] According to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the present invention also provides an inoculation device for inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the device comprising a two-wheel frame, a handle and a support leg being provided on one side of the frame; a stirring barrel is mounted on the upper surface of the frame through a bracket, the top of the stirring barrel is open, a stirring motor is arranged in the center of the opening, the stirring motor is connected to a stirring shaft, the stirring shaft extends into the stirring barrel, a plurality of stirring blades extending radially are arranged on the stirring shaft; a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of the stirring barrel, the drain pipe is branched into two symmetrical drain branches, the drain branches extend downward, and the bottom is a drain port; a flow solenoid valve is arranged on each drain branch; a battery is also arranged on the frame.

[0014] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the present invention establishes a symbiotic relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and potato roots in the seedling stage, forms a large number of extraradical hyphae through symbiosis, and the extraradical hyphae can extend to soil pores that the potato roots cannot reach, and absorb phosphorus under the action of phosphorus transport proteins, thereby increasing the absorption surface area of ​​phosphorus by the potato roots, thereby solving the problem of poor absorption and utilization of phosphorus nutrients by existing potatoes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the infection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in test group 2 of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural display diagram of the inoculation device of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Top view of the . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail below by specific examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial sources.

[0019] The present invention is based on the research results of the experimental field. The specific experimental field research conditions are as follows:

[0020] Experimental field: The present invention was tested in potato farmland in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia. The experiment adopted a completely randomized block design with a plot area of ​​90m 2 , with three replications; planting density was 45,000 plants / ha; row spacing was 90 cm, plant spacing was 25 cm; sowing was carried out on May 3, 2021, and harvesting was carried out on September 7, 2021;

[0021] Potato varieties tested: "Kexin No. 1";

[0022] The mycorrhizal fungal agent used was the endomycorrhizal fungal agent provided by Nanjing Cuijingyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the effective fungus species was endomycorrhizal cysts;

[0023] Phosphate fertilizer used in the experiment: monoammonium phosphate (P2O5 content of 61%) fertilizer was used uniformly, and the P2O5 dosage for each experiment was 160kg / hm 2 20% is applied as basal fertilizer at the time of sowing, and 80% is applied as topdressing through drip irrigation tape during the growth period, and the topdressing is carried out in 6 times. The drip irrigation tape is buried 10 cm underground.

[0024] Fungicide: Use Syngenta's potato-specific seed dressing 25% fludioxonil (Cyclohexil) suspended seed coating agent, which has a very good preventive effect on seed-borne and soil-borne diseases caused by a variety of pathogens.

[0025] Test 1

[0026] Purpose: To study the differences in potato yield, partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer, and infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi between seed inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and no inoculation at the same phosphorus application rate.

[0027] Test content:

[0028] Experimental group 1: Inoculate the mycorrhizal fungi agent by seed dressing at the time of sowing. The specific operation is as follows: cut the potatoes into pieces and spray the fungicide by seed dressing. Dilute 1.5 liters of Cialis with 15 liters of water to treat 1 ton of seed potatoes; dry in the shade for 3 days before sowing. Add the mycorrhizal fungi agent by seed dressing at the time of sowing. The inoculation amount is 2.25g / plant.

[0029] Control group 1.1: The difference from test group 1 is that no mycorrhizal fungal agent is added.

[0030] Control group 1.0: The difference from control group 1 is that no phosphorus fertilizer was applied.

[0031] Test results: See Table 1 below.

[0032] Table 1

[0033] deal with <![CDATA[Yield (kg / hm 2 ).]]> Partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer (kg / kg) Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection rate (%) Control group 1.0 No phosphate fertilizer + seed dressing with fungicide 51316.85b 320.73b 13.99b Control group 1.1 Apply phosphate fertilizer + add fungicide to seed dressing 57720.97a 360.76a 17.38a Experimental Group 1 Apply phosphate fertilizer + add fungicide to seed dressing + add mycorrhizal fungi to seed dressing 58102.54a 363.14a 18.28a

[0034] The results are analyzed as follows:

[0035] From the control group of 1.0, it can be seen that without the application of phosphorus fertilizer, the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhiza was 13.99;

[0036] Comparison between control group 1.0 and control group 1.1 showed that the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhiza increased with the addition of phosphorus fertilizer;

[0037] By comparing the experimental group 1 with the control group 1.1, it can be seen that under the same phosphorus application rate, the addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during seed dressing almost did not increase the arbuscular mycorrhizal infection rate, the exogenous inoculated AMF did not form a good symbiotic relationship with potatoes, the arbuscular mycorrhizal infection rate had no significant difference, and there was no significant difference in potato yield and partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer.

[0038] The above experiments show that it is not feasible to promote potato yield and efficiency by inoculating potatoes with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at a dose of 2.25 g per plant by seed dressing when sowing potatoes.

[0039] Test 2

[0040] Purpose: To study the differences in potato yield, partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer, and infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi between the treatments of inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi near the roots of potato seedlings and the treatments of not inoculating with fungi under the same phosphorus application rate.

[0041] The test contents are as follows:

[0042] Experimental group 2: On the 8th day after emergence (i.e., seedling stage), the mycorrhizal fungi were inoculated. The specific operation was as follows:

[0043] S1: preparing an aqueous solution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for later use, specifically, dissolving 45 g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent in 4 liters of water to prepare an aqueous solution;

[0044] S2: Select the inoculation position: Use a soil drill to drill holes 10 cm on both sides of the potato plants on the ridge to obtain soil. The soil drill vertically drills 22 cm of soil, that is, the drilling depth is 22 cm;

[0045] S3: Inoculation of bacterial agent: Inject the prepared bacterial solution into the borehole near the root system. The inoculation amount is 100 ml for each borehole, i.e. 2.25 g per plant.

[0046] S4: Fill the inoculation position with original soil: After the bacterial solution is introduced, the soil drilled out by the soil drill is restored to its original state, and the drill hole is filled with the soil next to it.

[0047] Control group 2.1: The difference from test group 2 is that no mycorrhizal fungal agent is added.

[0048] Control group 2.0: The difference from control group 2 is that no phosphorus fertilizer was applied.

[0049] Test results: See Table 2 below.

[0050] Table 2

[0051] deal with <![CDATA[Yield (kg / hm 2 )]]> Partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer (kg / kg) Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection rate (%) Control group 2.0 No phosphate fertilizer + seed dressing with fungicide 51316.85c 320.73c 13.99c Control group 2.1 Apply phosphate fertilizer + add fungicide to seed dressing 57720.97b 360.76b 17.38b Experimental Group 2 Apply phosphorus fertilizer + add fungicide to seed dressing + add mycorrhizal fungi in the seedling stage 61349.69a 383.44a 29.46a

[0052] Result analysis:

[0053] From the control group 2.0, it can be seen that without the application of phosphorus fertilizer, the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhiza was 13.99;

[0054] Comparison between the control group 2.0 and the control group 2.1 showed that the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal roots was improved by the addition of phosphate fertilizer; comparison between the experimental group 2 and the control group 2.1 showed that under the same amount of phosphorus application, the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal roots was significantly improved by adding mycorrhizal fungi agents at the seedling stage. A good symbiotic relationship was formed between the exogenous inoculated AMF and potatoes, and there were significant differences in the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal roots, as well as significant differences in potato yield and partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer.

[0055] The above experiments show that inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi near the potato root system by drilling holes during the seedling stage can form a good symbiotic relationship (e.g. Figure 1 The picture shown is a demonstration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal infection), and it can increase production and efficiency.

[0056] Test 3

[0057] Purpose: To study the effects of different drilling depths on potato yield, partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer, and infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi when inoculated with the same amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at the potato seedling stage under the same phosphorus application rate.

[0058] The test contents are as follows:

[0059] The inoculation of microorganisms and application of phosphate fertilizer were carried out in the same manner as in Experimental Group 2. The inoculation position was to drill a hole 10 cm away from the root system. The difference was that the depth of the soil drill hole in step S2 was changed. The depths of the soil drill hole were 6 cm, 14 cm, 22 cm, and 30 cm, corresponding to Experimental Groups 3, 4, 2, and 5, respectively.

[0060] Test results: See Table 3 below.

[0061] Table 3

[0062] Drilling depth <![CDATA[Yield (kg / hm 2 ).]]> Partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer (kg / kg) Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection rate (%) Experimental Group 3 6cm 57432.48c 358.95c 18.37c Experimental Group 4 14cm 59443.74b 371.52b 24.38b Experimental Group 2 22cm 61349.69a 383.44a 29.46a Experimental Group 5 30cm 59268.38b 370.43b 23.53b

[0063] The results are analyzed as follows:

[0064] After comparing the data, it can be seen that the inoculation depth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has an important influence on the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizae; by comparing the specific data, it can be seen that the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizae is the highest when the drilling depth is 22 cm, and its yield, partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal infection rate are significantly higher than those of control group 3, experimental group 4 and experimental group 5; through the above experiments, it can be seen that when arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are inoculated 10 cm near the potato root system and the depth is 22 cm through drilling at the seedling stage, a good symbiotic relationship can be formed nearby, and it can increase production and efficiency.

[0065] Test 4

[0066] Purpose of the experiment: To study the effects of different amounts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated at the potato seedling stage on potato yield, partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer, and infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under the same phosphorus application rate and the same drilling position (i.e. the same inoculation position).

[0067] The test contents are as follows:

[0068] The inoculation of microbial agent and application of phosphate fertilizer were carried out in the same manner as in Experimental Group 2; the difference was that the inoculation amount of microbial agent in step S3 was changed, and the specific drilling injection amounts were:

[0069] 200ml (i.e. 0.75g / plant), 200ml (i.e. 1.5g / plant), 200ml (i.e. 2.25g / plant), 200ml (i.e. 3g / plant), corresponding to test groups 6, 7, 2, and 8, respectively.

[0070] Test results: See Table 4 below.

[0071] Table 4

[0072] Inoculation amount of bacterial agent (g / plant) <![CDATA[Yield (kg / hm 2 ).]]> Partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer (kg / kg) Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection rate (%) Experimental Group 6 0.75 57615.03b 360.09b 17.87c Test Group 7 1.50 58482.92b 365.52b 22.32b Experimental Group 2 2.25 61349.69a 383.44a 29.46a Test Group 8 3 60584.06a 378.65a 31.61a

[0073] The results are analyzed as follows:

[0074] After comparing the data, it can be seen that the inoculation amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has an important influence on the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizae; by comparing the specific data, it can be seen that the yield, partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer and infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizae with inoculation amounts of 2.25g / plant (200ml) and 3g / plant (200ml) were significantly higher than those of experimental groups 6 and 7.

[0075] Test 5

[0076] Purpose of the experiment: To study the effects of inoculating potato seedlings with the same amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at the same drilling location (i.e. the same inoculation location) under the same phosphorus application rate, the same drilling location (i.e. the same inoculation location), and no or fungicide at sowing on potato yield, partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer, and infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

[0077] The test contents are as follows:

[0078] The inoculation of microorganisms and application of phosphate fertilizer were carried out in the same manner as in Experimental Group 2; the difference was that the following experimental groups were made:

[0079] Experimental group 9 - no fungicide treatment at sowing;

[0080] Test results: See Table 5 below.

[0081] Table 5

[0082] Fungicides <![CDATA[Yield (kg / hm 2 )]]> Experimental Group 2 Treated with fungicide 61349.69a Experimental Group 9 Not treated with fungicide 47842.46b

[0083] Result analysis:

[0084] Comparing the data, it can be seen that the yield is greatly reduced if fungicide treatment is not carried out at the time of sowing. Further research confirmed that after fungicide treatment, the number of bacteria in the soil near the potato roots at the seedling stage was less, and a protective circle was formed around the roots, which hindered the invasion of pathogens in the soil and provided protection for the plant roots. Therefore, adding fungicides to seeds at sowing (May 3) can create favorable conditions for adding mycorrhizal fungi agents through root irrigation at the seedling stage (June 27).

[0085] In addition, further research found that although spraying fungicides on potato tubers during sowing can provide a growth environment with fewer pathogens for the growth of potato roots, fungicides can also harm the growth of mycorrhizal fungi, so sterilization and inoculation of fungicides at the same time during sowing have almost no effect; spraying fungicides during seed mixing will result in fewer pathogens in the soil around the potatoes during the seedling stage, forming a good environment. At the same time, the fungicide loses its fungicidal effect or has extremely low residual fungicidal effect. At this time, it is the right time to inoculate with mycorrhizal fungi.

[0086] The present invention further provides an inoculation device for inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, such as Figure 2 , 3As shown, the device mainly includes a two-wheeled frame 1, and a handle 2 and a support leg 3 are provided on the right side of the frame 1; a stirring barrel 4 is installed on the upper surface of the frame 1 through a bracket, and the top of the stirring barrel 4 is open, and a stirring motor 5 is arranged in the center of the opening, and the stirring motor 5 is connected to the stirring shaft, and the stirring shaft extends into the stirring barrel, and a plurality of stirring blades 6 extending radially are arranged on the stirring shaft. A drainage pipe 7 is provided at the bottom of the stirring barrel 4, and the drainage pipe is branched into two symmetrical drainage branches, and the drainage branches extend downward, and the bottom is a drainage port; a flow electromagnetic valve 8 is arranged on each drainage branch to control the inoculation amount each time; in addition, a battery 9 is also provided on the frame for power supply.

[0087] The method of using the inoculation device is as follows: dissolve the mycorrhizal fungal agent in water in a mixing barrel, and prepare it into an aqueous solution by stirring. During use, the agent is continuously stirred to keep the agent mixed evenly to avoid precipitation; the frame is pushed forward along the potato ridge; the inoculation device follows the drilling equipment, and the drilling equipment drills holes 10 cm on both sides of the potato plants on the ridge to take soil. The inoculation device is pushed and aligned with the drill holes on both sides, and then the agent is inoculated; the inoculation device is followed by a filling device, and the filling device backfills the soil.

[0088] It is to be understood that the present invention is described by some embodiments, and it is known to those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the utilization rate of potato phosphate fertilizer by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, characterized in that: Potatoes were sown in the fields. Before sowing, the potatoes were cut into pieces and then sprayed with fungicides by seed dressing. The fungicide used was fludioxonil. Phosphate fertilizer was applied during sowing and during the growth period. The phosphate fertilizer used was monoammonium phosphate, with a P2O5 content of 61%. The phosphate fertilizer application rate was 160 kg / hm 2 , 20% phosphate fertilizer was applied as basal fertilizer at the time of sowing, and 80% phosphate fertilizer was applied several times through drip irrigation tape during the growth period, and the drip irrigation tape was buried 10 cm underground; the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were prepared into an aqueous solution, and after inter-cultivation and soil cultivation and on the 8th day after the potato seedlings emerged, holes were drilled around the potato roots to obtain soil, and the aqueous solution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was inoculated into the holes, which were then filled back; the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi used were endophytic mycorrhizal agents, and the effective species was endomycocystis; 2.25 g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent was inoculated for each potato plant; the inoculation position of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was as follows: a hole was drilled at a radius of 10 cm from the aboveground stem of the potato to obtain soil, and the drilling depth was 22 cm.

2. The method for improving the utilization rate of potato phosphate fertilizer by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The original soil taken out from the drilling hole is used for filling.

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