A hole-applying nutrient soil suitable for tobacco seedling transplanting and transplanting cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural transplanting, and in particular to a hole-applied nutrient soil and a transplanting and cultivating method suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings. The invention is specially used for covering the nutrient soil at the roots of tobacco seedlings during transplanting, timely providing nutrients to the tobacco seedlings, improving the rhizosphere soil environment of tobacco plants, promoting the survival and early growth of tobacco seedlings, solving the source of fine soil required for sealing when transplanting seedlings, thereby promoting early transplanting and early growth of tobacco seedlings. The invention is suitable for tobacco leaf planting and transplanting in tobacco-growing areas in southern Jiangxi, and can be promoted and applied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural transplanting, and in particular to a hole-applying nutrient soil suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings and a transplanting and cultivating method. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco is a plant of the genus Nicotiana in the Solanaceae family. It is native to South America and is widely cultivated in provinces and regions in the north and south of China. It is a thermophilic crop and is sensitive to temperature. Different temperature conditions have a great impact on the quality and yield of tobacco.

[0003] Tobacco is an annual or limited perennial herb, covered with glandular hairs all over; the root is thick; the leaves are oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate, oblong or ovate, gradually pointed at the apex, and gradually narrowed at the base until the stem becomes ear-shaped and semi-amplexicaulous; the inflorescence is terminal, conical, and multi-flowered; the pedicel is 5-20 mm long; the seeds are round or broadly oblong, about 0.5 mm in diameter, and brown.

[0004] Transplanting tobacco seedlings is the key to the quality of tobacco. Since the tobacco-growing soil in southern Jiangxi is acidic, there is more rainfall after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, resulting in a poor microecological environment in the rhizosphere soil. It is also prone to long periods of "low temperature and low light" weather, which causes the tobacco seedlings to grow slowly, grow weakly, have poor stress resistance, and be susceptible to diseases, affecting yield and quality. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hole-applied nutrient soil suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings, which is specially used for covering the roots of tobacco seedlings when transplanting, providing nutrients to the tobacco seedlings in time, improving the rhizosphere soil environment of the tobacco plants, promoting the survival and early growth of the tobacco seedlings, solving the source of fine soil needed for sealing when transplanting seedlings, thereby promoting the early return of the tobacco seedlings and early growth; a transplanting and cultivation method suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings is also provided.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a hole-fertilizing nutrient soil suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings, which includes component one and component two, wherein component one includes field soil and component two includes stevia residue.

[0007] As an improvement of the present invention, it also includes component three, which includes urea and ammonium phosphate.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the component one also includes coal slag and cake.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the component 2 also includes sodium o-nitrophenolate.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the component three also includes calcium magnesium phosphate and ammonium molybdate.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the component three also includes potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the weight of stevia residue is 5% of the total weight of the nutrient soil.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the invention comprises, by weight, 75% to 90% farmland soil, 1% to 3% coal slag, 1% to 5% dried cake, 5% stevia residue, 1% to 2% sodium o-nitrophenolate, 1% to 3% urea, 0.5% to 1% ammonium phosphate, 1% to 2% calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.5% to 1% ammonium molybdate, 0.5% to 1% potassium nitrate and 0.5% to 1% potassium sulfate.

[0014] A transplanting and cultivation method suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step S1, planting tobacco seedlings;

[0016] Step S2, transplanting the tobacco seedlings into the prepared transplanting holes and adding nutrient soil;

[0017] Step S3, cultivating the transplanted tobacco seedlings.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, a transplanting hole is made with a transplanter, the taken tobacco seedlings are inserted into the transplanting hole, nutrient soil is added, and water is then applied.

[0019] The invention is specially used for covering the nutrient soil at the roots when transplanting tobacco seedlings, providing nutrients to the tobacco seedlings in time, improving the rhizosphere soil environment of the tobacco plants, promoting the survival and early growth of the tobacco seedlings, solving the source of fine soil required for sealing when transplanting small seedlings, thereby promoting the early return of the tobacco seedlings and early growth; the invention is suitable for tobacco leaf planting and transplanting in the tobacco-growing areas of southern Jiangxi, and can be promoted and applied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] For ease of explanation, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 For the experiment of the present invention, several nutrient soil material ratio tables;

[0022] Figure 2 The effects of different nutrient soil formulas on tobacco agronomic traits during the experiment of the present invention are shown in the table;

[0023] Figure 3 The table shows the effects of different nutrient soil formulas on the economic traits of tobacco during the experiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 The effects of different nutrient soil formulas on the chemical properties of tobacco during the experiment of the present invention are shown in the table;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a flowchart of the steps of the transplanting and cultivation method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the hole-fertilizing nutrient soil suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings of the present invention includes component one, component two and component three. Component one includes field soil, coal slag and dead cake; component two includes stevia residue and sodium o-nitrophenol; component three includes urea, ammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, ammonium molybdate, potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate.

[0028] The invention is specially used for covering the nutrient soil at the roots when transplanting tobacco seedlings, providing nutrients to the tobacco seedlings in time, improving the rhizosphere soil environment of the tobacco plants, promoting the survival and early growth of the tobacco seedlings, solving the source of fine soil required for sealing when transplanting seedlings, and thus promoting the early return of the tobacco seedlings and early growth.

[0029] In the present invention, the weight of stevia residue is 5% of the total weight of the nutrient soil.

[0030] The invention comprises 75% to 90% of farmland soil, 1% to 3% of coal slag, 1% to 5% of dried cake, 5% of stevia residue, 1% to 2% of sodium o-nitrophenolate, 1% to 3% of urea, 0.5% to 1% of ammonium phosphate, 1% to 2% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.5% to 1% of ammonium molybdate, 0.5% to 1% of potassium nitrate and 0.5% to 1% of potassium sulfate in a weight ratio.

[0031] In the present invention, stevia residue is the residue discharged after inulin is extracted from the stems and leaves of stevia, contains a large amount of elements and organic matter required for crop growth, and directly produces organic fertilizer after being decomposed and fermented; sodium o-nitrophenol is used as a plant growth regulator; it is easily soluble in water, and ammonium phosphate is used as a germination agent; the aqueous solution of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is alkaline, which can improve acidic soil and enable tobacco seedlings to slowly absorb the required nutrients; ammonium molybdate is used as molybdenum fertilizer for tobacco seedlings; potassium nitrate is used as fertilizer for tobacco seedlings; potassium sulfate has low wetness and is not easy to clump, and is used to provide water-soluble potassium fertilizer for tobacco seedlings.

[0032] The present invention provides three embodiments:

[0033] Example 1 includes 84% ​​field soil, 1% coal slag, 1% cake, 5% stevia residue, 2% sodium o-nitrophenol, 2% urea, 1% ammonium phosphate, 2% calcium magnesium phosphate, 1% ammonium molybdate, 0.5% potassium nitrate and 0.5% potassium sulfate in a weight ratio.

[0034] Example 2 includes 86% field soil, 1% coal slag, 2% cake, 5% stevia residue, 1% sodium o-nitrophenol, 1.5% urea, 0.5% ammonium phosphate, 1% calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.5% ammonium molybdate, 1% potassium nitrate and 0.5% potassium sulfate in a weight ratio.

[0035] Example 3 includes 78% field soil, 3% coal slag, 5% cake, 5% stevia residue, 2% sodium o-nitrophenol, 3% urea, 0.8% ammonium phosphate, 1.2% calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.5% ammonium molybdate, 0.5% potassium nitrate and 1% potassium sulfate in a weight ratio.

[0036] The present invention is tested as follows:

[0037] 1. The experiment was conducted in Fuzhushan Village, Zhengping Town, Xinfeng, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province (114°49'53"E, 25°17'37"N). The area is high on all sides and low in the middle, with a basin-like terrain. It has a subtropical monsoon humid climate, with an altitude of about 300 m and an annual average temperature of 19.56 o C, annual rainfall is 1510 mm, rainfall is mainly concentrated in April to June, accounting for 42% of the annual rainfall, annual average sunshine hours are 1839h, light and heat resources are sufficient, and the frost-free period is long. The test soil is a brick red soil developed in the Quaternary period, with an organic matter content of 9.86 g / kg in the 0-20 cm soil, pH 6.13, total nitrogen 0.71 g / kg, total phosphorus 0.75 g / kg, total potassium 17.40 g / kg, alkaline nitrogen 47.10 mg / kg, available phosphorus 9.39 mg / kg, and available potassium 118.23 mg / kg.

[0038] 2. Test materials: Test variety: Yunyan 87; Test fertilizers: stevia residue, Tiande organic fertilizer, stevia residue + 20% humic acid + 10% phosphate fertilizer mixture; adobe fertilizers include field soil, coal slag, cake, sodium o-nitrophenol, urea, ammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, ammonium molybdate, potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate.

[0039] 3. Experimental Design The experiment has 8 treatments (such as Figure 1 The nutrient soil for each treatment was applied at the time of tobacco transplanting, with a nutrient soil dosage of 300 g per plant and a nitrogen fertilizer application rate of 135 kg / hm2. 2 The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1:3, and other production management measures are carried out in accordance with the local high-quality tobacco production technical plan.

[0040] The specific experimental investigation and analysis are as follows:

[0041] Agronomic trait survey After topping the tobacco plants in each treatment, 10 representative tobacco plants were selected from each plot, and the plant height, stem girth, effective leaves, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width were measured according to the national tobacco industry standard YC / T142-2010. Each plot was harvested, braided, baked, graded, recorded and stored separately. The first-baked tobacco leaves were graded according to the national standard GB2635-1992, and the yield, proportion of top-grade tobacco and proportion of medium-top-grade tobacco leaves in each plot were counted. The output value and average price of tobacco leaves were calculated based on the tobacco leaf purchase price in Ganzhou City in 2021.

[0042] Chemical composition analysis: 1.0 kg of flue-cured tobacco leaves B2F and C3F were taken from each treatment as analysis samples, and the following were detected by near-infrared spectrometer: total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, potassium, chlorine, sugar-alkali ratio and nitrogen-alkali ratio.

[0043] 1. Effects of different nutrient soil formulas on agronomic traits of tobacco.

[0044] Different nutrient soil formulations have different effects on tobacco agronomic traits (e.g. Figure 2 ), among which, the plant height of T4 treatment was the highest, reaching 136.0 cm, followed by T7 treatment, both of which were significantly higher than T1 and T3 treatments. The plant height of T1 treatment was the lowest, reaching 124.0 cm, and there were no significant differences among other treatments. T7 treatment had the most effective leaves, reaching 17.2 pieces, which was significantly higher than T5 treatment, followed by T4 treatment. T6 treatment had the longest waist leaf length, reaching 87.7 cm, which was significantly higher than T1, T2, T3, T4, T7 and T8 treatments, followed by T5 treatment, and there were no significant differences between the two. T6 treatment had the widest waist leaf width, reaching 34.0 cm, followed by T4 treatment, which were significantly higher than T1, T3 and T7 treatments, and there were no significant differences among other treatments.

[0045] 2. Effects of different nutrient soil formulas on tobacco economic traits

[0046] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that different nutrient soil formulas have different effects on the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco. Among them, the flue-cured tobacco yield in T4 treatment was the highest, reaching 210.15 kg / 666.67m 2 , which was significantly higher than that of T1, T2, T3, T5, T7 and T8 treatments. The yield of T1 treatment was the lowest, which was 166.84 kg / 666.67m 2 The average price of T6 treatment was the highest, at 24.08 yuan / kg, significantly higher than that of T1, T2, T3 and T7 treatments, with increases of 19.56%, 41.73%, 17.87% and 19.86% respectively. The highest output value was 4651.94 yuan / 666.67m 2 The lowest treatment is T2, with an output value of 3118.83 yuan / 666.67m 2The difference between the two treatments was significant. The proportion of high-quality smoke in T6 treatment was the highest, 43.47%, significantly higher than other treatments, and the proportion of high-quality smoke in T2 treatment was the lowest, 15.96%, which was 63.29% lower than that in T6 treatment. The proportion of medium-quality smoke in T6 treatment was the highest, and that in T2 treatment was the lowest.

[0047] 3. Effects of different nutrient soil formulas on tobacco chemical properties

[0048] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that different nutrient soil formulas have different effects on the chemical properties of flue-cured tobacco. Among them, the total sugar content in the middle leaves is relatively high, the reducing sugar content in the upper leaves is relatively low, the total nitrogen content and the nitrogen-alkali ratio are generally low, and other chemical components are relatively suitable. The nicotine content in the middle leaves T3 and T6 treatments and the upper leaves T2 and T6 treatments are relatively high. The total sugar content in the middle leaves T3 and T6 treatments is relatively high, and the total sugar content in the upper leaves is generally suitable. The total nitrogen content in both parts is far below the suitable level. The potassium content in both parts of the T7 treatment is lower than the suitable level. The chlorine content is generally suitable. The sugar-alkali ratio of the middle leaves is more suitable than that of the T1, T3, T6, T8 treatments and the upper leaves T4 and T7 treatments, and the chemical composition is more coordinated.

[0049] Through the above experiments, we can see that:

[0050] 1. From the perspective of agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco, the treatment with 5% stevia residue content in the nutrient soil had the highest plant height and the most effective leaves; the treatment with 10% Tiande organic fertilizer content in the nutrient soil had the longest and widest waist leaves, the best agronomic traits of tobacco leaves, and more balanced development of tobacco plants.

[0051] 2. From the perspective of economic traits, the yield and output value of the treatments with 5% stevia residue content and 10% Tiande organic fertilizer content were higher than those of the other treatments; from the perspective of tobacco leaf grade structure, the proportion of top-quality tobacco and the proportion of medium-top-quality tobacco in both treatments were higher than those of the other treatments;

[0052] 3. From the analysis of the chemical composition of the tobacco leaves after curing, the sugar-alkali ratio was appropriate when the upper leaves were fertilized with 5% stevia residue content, and the middle leaves were fertilized with 10% Tiande organic fertilizer content. The chemical composition of the tobacco leaves was more coordinated.

[0053] Comprehensive analysis of the experimental research results shows that the comprehensive properties of the nutrient soil with a stevia residue content of 5% and the nutrient soil with a Tiande organic fertilizer content of 10% are the best, and the performance of the nutrient soil with a stevia residue content of 5% can reach the same level as that of the nutrient soil with a Tiande organic fertilizer content of 10%.

[0054] The stevia residue of the present invention contains rich nutrient elements and organic matter, can be directly used to produce organic fertilizer after being decomposed and fermented, and has the characteristics of high nutrients, high activity and the like; it can be seen that the nutrient soil of the present invention can be added when flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, which can improve the soil environment, shorten the tobacco plant seedling period, promote the early growth of tobacco plants, increase the yield and economic benefits, and improve the quality of tobacco leaves; the present invention is suitable for tobacco leaf planting in the tobacco-growing areas of southern Jiangxi, and can be promoted and applied.

[0055] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also provides a transplanting and cultivating method suitable for tobacco seedling transplanting, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Step S1, planting tobacco seedlings;

[0057] Step S2, transplanting the tobacco seedlings into the prepared transplanting holes and adding nutrient soil;

[0058] Step S3, cultivating the transplanted tobacco seedlings.

[0059] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, a transplanting hole is made with a transplanter, the taken tobacco seedlings are inserted into the transplanting hole, nutrient soil is added, and water is then applied.

[0060] In fact, cultivating strong seedlings is the key to tobacco cultivation and planting. The present invention provides a specific implementation plan for cultivating seedlings, transplanting seedlings, protecting seedlings, and picking seedlings, as follows:

[0061] 1. Selection of Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties

[0062] Choose Yunyan 87.

[0063] 2. Cultivate strong seedlings

[0064] Plastic tray moist seedling raising technology is adopted to cultivate strong seedlings in the seedling raising shed. The sowing time is based on the local planting plan, generally in mid-to-late December. The seedling age from emergence to transplanting is controlled at 55d to 70d, with 5 to 7 true leaves. The tobacco seedlings are neatly arranged, with green leaves, well-developed root systems, good stem flexibility, and no diseases or insect pests.

[0065] 3. Field Preparation

[0066] 1. Soil tillage and improvement

[0067] Use a high-horsepower tractor and a disc plow or three-furrow plow for tillage. The depth should not be less than 18 cm. Then dry the soil for at least 20 days. If the soil is acidic, that is, when the soil pH is ≤5.0, spread lime 40kg-100kg / 667m after the first tillage. 2 Or dolomite powder 80~200kg / 667m 2 . Then carry out a second raking.

[0068] (ii) Applying basal fertilizer

[0069] Follow the principle of combining organic and inorganic fertilizers, supplying nitrogen fertilizers in moderation, controlling sulfur, stabilizing phosphorus and increasing potassium, moving nitrogen forward and potassium backward, reasonably supplementing medium and trace element fertilizers, and coupling water and fertilizer. 2 Apply 8.5kg to 9.5kg of pure nitrogen to the field, with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=1:0.8~1.2:2.5~3, apply 40kg of fully decomposed cake, 3kg~5kg of pure magnesium, 6kg of pure sulfur, 0.5kg~0.75kg of borax, 50g of ammonium molybdate; 10d before transplanting, deep trenches were opened to apply basal fertilizer, every 667m 2 Apply 4.25kg~5.7kg of pure nitrogen (accounting for 50%~60% of the total nitrogen supply), 6.3kg~8.55kg of pure potassium (accounting for 30% of the total potassium supply), organic fertilizer, borax and all phosphate fertilizers, with a ditch depth of 15cm~20cm and a width of 20cm to ensure that the fertilizer layer is 20cm away from the top of the ridge after ridge covering.

[0070] (III) Ridging and furrowing

[0071] After applying basal fertilizer, take advantage of favorable weather to make ridges no less than 35cm high, 80cm wide, 120cm apart, with a turtle-back shape and balanced row spacing, so that the ridge surface is flat, the ridges are straight, the furrows are flat, and the soil particles are fine. After ridges are formed, dig waist furrows, perimeter furrows, and ridge furrows. Generally, waist furrows are more than 15cm deeper than ridge furrows, and perimeter furrows are more than 20cm lower than the ridge bottom.

[0072] (IV) Covering film

[0073] The soil moisture content of the ridge body before covering with film is about 70%. According to the local soil, climate and cultivation conditions, cover the ground film in time, and tighten and straighten the ground film and stick it to the ridge surface. Seal the ridge feet and damaged parts on both sides of the ridge body with soil and press the ground film tightly to ensure that the film surface is clean and airtight, and to increase the soil temperature.

[0074] 4. Transplantation

[0075] 1. Transplanting period and transplanting density

[0076] It is best to transplant in mid-to-late February, when the daily average temperature is stable at 12℃~15℃ and the ground temperature should be above 10℃. Single-row planting is adopted, with ridge spacing of 110cm~125cm and plant spacing of 45cm~50cm. 2 The field transplanting density is about 1,150 plants.

[0077] (II) Transplanting method

[0078] The transplanting method is well-pit type. Before transplanting, use a transplanter to make holes on the ridge surface covered with film according to the well-pit type standard (the well mouth is round, the well mouth diameter is more than 9cm, the depth is more than 15cm and it is conical). 3d to 5d before transplanting, dig holes every 667m 2 Spray the leaves with 25g of 1000 times dilution of ammonium molybdate once. When transplanting, vertically insert the strong seedlings with nutrient soil into the well cellar for deep planting, and apply the hole-applied nutrient soil suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings of the present invention when sealing the well. The hole-applied nutrient soil includes 86% field soil, 1% coal slag, 2% dried cake, 5% stevia residue, 1% sodium o-nitrophenol, 1.5% urea, 0.5% ammonium phosphate, 1% calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.5% ammonium molybdate, 1% potassium nitrate and 0.5% potassium sulfate by weight, and then timely sprinkle root-fixing fertilizer (medicine) water along the well wall to make the soil and the root system in close contact. After transplanting, the top of the tobacco seedling is 3cm to 4cm away from the wellhead, which promotes the early return of the tobacco seedlings and early growth.

[0079] 5. Field management

[0080] 1. Seedling supplement

[0081] Start checking the tobacco field 3-5 days after transplanting. If missed seedlings, dead seedlings, or weak seedlings are found, the number of seedlings should be supplemented and a small amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to the supplemented tobacco plants. During the seedling stage (within 10 days after planting), apply seedling fertilizer (including rooting water) in batches, mainly nitrogen and potassium, every 667m 2 Apply 1.0kg to 1.5kg of pure nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen ratio is about 60%) to the field, and add safe pesticides to improve seedling growth and prevent cutworms.

[0082] (ii) Topdressing

[0083] The topdressing is mainly based on quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, with medium and trace elements. It should be carried out in time according to the weather conditions and the growth of tobacco leaves to prevent greed for green and late maturity. All nitrogen-containing fertilizers should be applied within 40 days after transplanting, and the end time of topdressing of potassium fertilizers without nitrogen elements can be delayed until around the budding. The topdressing period starts within 10 days after transplanting (after the tobacco seedlings are alive), and is completed in 2 to 4 times. The last topdressing is combined with soil cultivation. Generally, every 667m 2 Apply 3.4kg~4.75kg pure nitrogen (accounting for 40%~50% of the total nitrogen supply) and 6.3kg~8.55kg pure potassium (accounting for 70% of the total potassium supply). Topdressing is mainly watered, combining dry and wet to reduce nutrient loss. About 20 days after transplanting, every 667m 2 Spray the leaves once with 25g of ammonium molybdate diluted 1000 times.

[0084] (III) Water management

[0085] Before covering the film, the relative water holding capacity of the ridge soil should be maintained at 70%, that is, it should be in a state where it can be held in a ball and loosened when released, to prevent excessive dryness or wetness and promote water-fertilizer coupling. If the ridge soil is insufficient in moisture before covering the film, the film should be covered in time after the rain to conserve moisture, or water should be irrigated to increase the moisture content of the ridge. The relative water holding capacity of the soil should be maintained at 70% during the transplanting period, and holes should be avoided when the soil humidity is too high to prevent the soil on the hole wall from becoming compacted. After transplanting the tobacco seedlings, water the roots with enough fertilizer; the relative water holding capacity of the ridge soil during the root extension period is 50%-60% (based on the depth of the ridge body), and drainage is the main method, and irrigation is required when necessary. The relative water holding capacity of the ridge soil during the vigorous growth period should be 70% to 80%, and drainage and irrigation should be combined, with drainage as the main method. The relative water holding capacity of the ridge soil during the mature period should be 70%, and drainage and irrigation should be combined in the early stage, and moisture content should be guaranteed in the later stage. After late June, when the weather is dry and the soil moisture is insufficient, especially 2 to 3 days before the upper leaves are picked and roasted, you should irrigate with running water to improve the soil moisture.

[0086] 4. Soil cultivation

[0087] 10-15 days after transplanting, carry out the first small soiling combined with intertillage and loosening the soil, and fill the transplanting tobacco hole to the same level as the ridge surface. After the small soiling, carry out the second rhizosphere soil topdressing, mainly nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, with medium and trace element fertilizers. Before and after the clustering, uncover the mulch, remove 1-2 old leaves near the ground, carry out shallow intertillage and weeding on the ridge surface, and then pile up the soil between the tobacco rows and the bottom of the ridge to the base of the tobacco plant and the top of the ridge (focus on raising the base of the stem), forming an arched ridge with a ridge height of not less than 45cm and a ridge shoulder width of not less than 50cm. It is strictly forbidden to cut the ridge and do large soiling to reduce root damage and disease transmission. After the large soiling, carry out the third rhizosphere soil topdressing, mainly nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, with medium and trace element fertilizers.

[0088] (V) Topping and bud suppression

[0089] The tobacco plants should be topped when 30% to 50% of the central flowers in the field are white, and 18 to 20 leaves should be left per plant according to the growth. Tobacco fields with poor water and fertilizer conditions and weak tobacco growth should be topped early and fewer leaves should be left. Tobacco fields with strong growth and obviously darker upper leaves should postpone topping and leave more leaves. It is strictly forbidden to top the plants by cutting the center. When topping, cut the stems obliquely 3 cm above the reserved top leaves to ensure a smooth and inclined cross section. Topping should be avoided on rainy days as much as possible. It is advisable to choose to do it on sunny mornings after the dew has dried up, and adhere to the operating principle of first healthy plants and then diseased plants, and the flower buds that are hit should be destroyed in a centralized manner. Bud suppression emphasizes early and frequent use, and chemical bud suppression is combined with manual branch removal. On the day of topping, manually remove axillary buds larger than 2 cm, and apply chemical bud inhibitors within 24 hours. Chemical bud inhibitors should comply with relevant regulations of the tobacco industry.

[0090] (VI) Not applicable to lower smoke treatment

[0091] 3 to 5 days before harvesting, remove 3 to 5 unsuitable lower leaves besides the bottom leaves. After optimizing the structure, keep 14 to 16 harvestable leaves. Removal of unsuitable tobacco leaves should follow the principle of "healthy plants first, then diseased plants", and timely disinfection should be carried out to avoid cross-infection of pests during leaf threshing. The removed lower fresh tobacco should be centrally disinfected in an appropriate location.

[0092] 7. Harvesting

[0093] The harvesting time should be before 10 am or after 4 pm. It can be harvested all day on cloudy days. It is advisable to harvest in the morning before direct sunlight on sunny days. It is not advisable to harvest on rainy days. Pick 2 to 3 leaves from the middle and lower parts of each plant each time, and 4 to 6 leaves from the upper part (the top 1 to 2 leaves are half green and half yellow) and collect them all at once. The first harvest should be carried out 2 to 3 days after the tobacco plants are topped and the unsuitable leaves at the bottom are removed, when the lower leaves reach the appropriate maturity standard; the second harvest should be carried out when the middle leaves reach the maturity standard after the baking is stopped, and then the harvesting is organized in sequence until the middle leaves are harvested; the last harvest should be stopped until the upper 4 to 6 leaves are fully mature, and then they are collected all at once.

[0094] 6. Flue-cured tobacco straw treatment

[0095] After the tobacco is planted and harvested, the tobacco stalks and rhizome residues should be removed from the fields and piled together to be fermented into organic fertilizer or dried for use as baking fuel.

[0096] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nutrient soil for hole application suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings, characterized in that: The method comprises component one, component two and component three, wherein component one comprises farmland soil, coal slag and cake, component two comprises stevia residue and sodium o-nitrophenol, and component three comprises urea, ammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ammonium molybdate, potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate, wherein the weight of stevia residue is 5% of the total weight of the nutrient soil.

2. The hole-fertilizing nutrient soil suitable for tobacco seedling transplanting according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes 75%~90% field soil, 1%~3% coal slag, 1%~5% cake, 5% stevia residue, 1%~2% sodium o-nitrophenol, 1%~3% urea, 0.5%~1% ammonium phosphate, 1%~2% calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.5%~1% ammonium molybdate, 0.5%~1% potassium nitrate and 0.5%~1% potassium sulfate in weight ratio.

3. A transplanting and cultivation method suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1: planting tobacco seedlings, wherein: Cultivate strong seedlings: Use plastic tray moist seedling raising technology to cultivate strong seedlings in the seedling raising shed. The sowing time is based on the local planting plan, generally in mid-to-late December. The seedling age from emergence to transplanting is controlled at 55d to 70d, with 5 to 7 true leaves; Soil tillage: Use a high-horsepower tractor and a disc plow or three-furrow plow for tillage, the depth should not be less than 18cm, and then dry the soil in the sun for at least 20 days; Apply basal fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply 8.5kg-9.5kg of pure nitrogen in the field, with the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.8-1.2:2.5-3, 40kg of fully decomposed cake, 3kg-5kg of pure magnesium, 6kg of pure sulfur, 0.5kg-0.75kg of borax, and 50g of ammonium molybdate; 10 days before transplanting, deep trenches were opened to apply basal fertilizer, every 667m 2 Apply 4.25kg-5.7kg of pure nitrogen and 6.3kg-8.55kg of pure potassium, with a furrow depth of 15cm-20cm and a width of 20cm, and ensure that the fertilizer layer is 20cm away from the top of the ridge after ridge film covering; Ridge and furrowing: Ridge height should not be less than 35cm, ridge width should be 80cm, ridge spacing should be 120cm, ridge surface should be turtle-back shaped, row spacing should be balanced, and waist furrows, perimeter furrows, and ridge furrows should be dug after ridge formation. Generally, waist furrows should be more than 15cm deeper than ridge furrows, and perimeter furrows should be more than 20cm lower than the ridge bottom. Film covering: Cover the ground film, stretch it tight and straighten it and close it to the ridge surface, seal the ridge feet and damaged parts on both sides of the ridge with soil and press the ground film tightly to ensure that the film surface is clean and airtight; Step S2: transplant the tobacco seedlings into the prepared transplanting holes and add nutrient soil; wherein: Transplanting period and transplanting density: Transplanting should be carried out in mid-to-late February, when the daily average temperature is stable at 12℃~15℃ and the ground temperature should be above 10℃. Single-row planting should be adopted, with ridge spacing of 110cm~125cm and plant spacing of 45cm~50cm. Transplanting method: Use the well-cellar method to transplant. Before transplanting, use a transplanter to make holes on the ridge surface covered with film according to the well-cellar standard. 3 to 5 days before transplanting, dig holes every 667m 2 Spray the leaves with 25g of 1000 times dilution of ammonium molybdate once, and when transplanting, vertically insert the strong seedlings with the hole-fertilizing nutrient soil as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 into the well cellar for deep planting, and apply the hole-fertilizing nutrient soil as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 when sealing; Step S3, cultivating the transplanted tobacco seedlings.

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